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1
Thorell, Dan, and Thomas Fago. "SWEDISH COAST GUARD RESPONSE TRAINING PROGRAM." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (1995): 547–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-547.
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ABSTRACT The efficiency of an oil spill response operation depends very much on the response commander's knowledge, experience, and possibilities of analyzing and reviewing the situation. Decisions must be made quickly and under great pressure. All officers in the Swedish Coast Guard (CG) have the same basic training in response preparedness. During service they will utilize their knowledge on board in real operations and in exercises (local, regional, national, and international). Through different senior courses, some of them will be authorized to be on-scene commanders and finally response commanders. The possibilities for training response commanders under “real” conditions are limited. Weak points in the organization, decision procedures, command centers, and such are usually found during actual operations, however. The Swedish Coast Guard has decided on a strategy to train the response commander and his staff in their normal workplaces, with their normal tools, and with the people they are used to working with. To accomplish this, the Coast Guard has developed a portable computerized exercise support system providing the command with necessary data and images to run an exercise.
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Malik, Abish, Ross Maciejewski, Yun Jang, et al. "A visual analytics process for maritime response, resource allocation and risk assessment." Information Visualization 13, no. 2 (2012): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473871612460991.
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In this paper, we present our collaborative work with the U.S. Coast Guard’s Ninth District and Atlantic Area Commands, in which we develop a visual analytics system to analyze historic response operations and assess the potential risks in the maritime environment associated with the hypothetical allocation of Coast Guard resources. The system includes linked views and interactive displays that enable the analysis of trends, patterns, and anomalies among the U.S. Coast Guard search and rescue (SAR) operations and their associated sorties. Our system allows users to determine the change in risks associated with closing certain stations in terms of response time and potential lives and property lost. It also allows users to determine which stations are best suited to assuming control of the operations previously handled by the closed station. We provide maritime risk assessment tools that allow analysts to explore Coast Guard coverage for SAR operations and identify regions of high risk. The system also enables a thorough assessment of all SAR operations conducted by each Coast Guard station in the Great Lakes region. Our system demonstrates the effectiveness of visual analytics in analyzing risk within the maritime domain and is currently being used by analysts at the Coast Guard Atlantic Area.
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Calvache Ramírez, Miguel, and Oscar Raúl García Baquero. "Analysis for use coastguard Offshore Platforms or SWATH Patrol Vessels in the Colombian Pacific Ocean." Ciencia y tecnología de buques 14, no. 28 (2021): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25043/19098642.212.
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The average cocaine seizure rate of coast guard operations in the Colombian Pacific can be improved. To enhance this indicator, detection and interdiction must be improved. Therefore, the option of using an offshore platform with better detection means, and several Rapid Reasponse Units (RRUs) stationed offshore, is being analyzed. As a result, offshore platforms are neither feasible nor viable due to the depth of the sea floor (> 2 km), but SWATH platforms can be used. The parametric design of two SWATHs is performed and an operational evaluation is made of the different current units and SWATHs. The operational evaluation of the different current units and the proposed SWATHs is carried out and contrasted with their acquisition and life cycle cost, showing that the SWATHs have a better efficiency/cost ratio. Therefore, they can be considered as an alternative to improve the efficiency of cocaine seizures and other coast guard operations.
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Johnson, Steve, and Brian Salerno. "U.S. Coast Guard Regulation of Passenger-Carrying Submersibles." Marine Technology and SNAME News 28, no. 06 (1991): 324–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1991.28.6.324.
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Passenger-carrying submersibles have been certified by the Coast Guard for operations in the United States Virgin Islands, Hawaii, and Guam. Although subject to the Coast Guard small passenger vessel regulations, 46 CFR Subchapter T, submersibles are not specifically addressed in the regulations. The Coast Guard does have a background in submersible safety based on past efforts to regulate industrial and research submersibles and interaction with the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), which has been classing submersibles for many years and has classed all passenger submersibles to date. The certification process developed for these unique vessels evolved during the certification of Atlantis III, the first U.S. passenger submersible. Several designers, builders, and operators have entered the market and the business is steadily expanding into new areas of operation worldwide. The Coast Guard has initiated two major studies by the Department of Transportation and the National Research Council to ensure that this new maritime business is carefully analyzed for the safety of passengers and crew.
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Žukova, Marina. "BORDER GUARDS’ COMPETENCE IN ENGLISH PROFESSIONAL TERMINOLOGY: CHALLENGES AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS." BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT 3, no. 8 (2020): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/bsm.v3i8.5355.
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Knowledge of English professional terminology is one of the predominant factors for border guards’ successful professional performance during both border and immigration control carried out at their national state border and inside the country and also joint operations organised and implemented by the European Border and Coast Guard at the EU external borders. The present article suggests an overview of the results of the measures taken by the State Border Guard of Latvia in 2017-2020 to facilitate the improvement of Latvian border guards’ competence in English professional terminology. Based on the results of the survey the author puts forward suggestions for possible improvements in English language training and testing for border guards.
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Žukova, Marina. "BORDER GUARDS’ COMPETENCE IN ENGLISH PROFESSIONAL TERMINOLOGY: CHALLENGES AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS." BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT 3, no. 8 (2020): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/bsm.v3i8.5355.
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Knowledge of English professional terminology is one of the predominant factors for border guards’ successful professional performance during both border and immigration control carried out at their national state border and inside the country and also joint operations organised and implemented by the European Border and Coast Guard at the EU external borders. The present article suggests an overview of the results of the measures taken by the State Border Guard of Latvia in 2017-2020 to facilitate the improvement of Latvian border guards’ competence in English professional terminology. Based on the results of the survey the author puts forward suggestions for possible improvements in English language training and testing for border guards.
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Bonnett, Carl J., Tony R. Schock, Kevin E. McVaney, Christopher B. Colwell, and Christopher Depass. "Task Force St. Bernard: Operational Issues and Medical Management of a National Guard Disaster Response Operation." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 22, no. 5 (2007): 440–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00005185.
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AbstractAfter Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast of the United States on 29 August 2005, it became obvious that the country was facing an enormous national emergency. With local resources overwhelmed, governors across the US responded by deploying thousands of National Guard soldiers and airmen. The National Guard has responded to domestic disasters due to natural hazards since its inception, but an event with the magnitude of Hurricane Katrina was unprecedented. The deployment of >900 Army National Guard soldiers to St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana in the aftermath of the Hurricane was studied to present some of the operational issues involved with providing medical support for this type of operation. In doing so, the authors attempt to address some of the larger issues of how the National Guard can be incor- porated into domestic disaster response efforts. A number of unforeseen issues with regards to medical operations, medical supply, communication, preventive medicine, legal issues, and interactions with civilians were encoun- tered and are reviewed. A better understanding of the National Guard and how it can be utilized more effectively in future disaster response operations can be developed.
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Wischmann, Steve, Mike Snyder, and Eugene Johnson. "Partnering for Improved Marine Safety and Environmental Protection." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1999, no. 1 (1999): 233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-233.
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ABSTRACT On February 3, 1998, a Quality Partnership Agreement was signed between the United States Coast Guard and the Spill Control Association of America (SCAA). The partnership was expanded on July 16, 1998 to include the Association of Petroleum Industry Cooperative Managers (APICOM). The three groups agreed that the objectives for this partnership are to improve the effectiveness of oil spill response operations and to further sound risk management during these operations. Through this partnership, the private sector response community and the Coast Guard will have an opportunity to develop a program of structured, informal, and cooperative processes that will examine issues that could be improved upon to maximize marine safety and environmental protection. This paper will discuss the history of spill response over the last 30 years in order to frame the current relationship between the Coast Guard and the response industry. In particular, issues of mutual concern to the Coast Guard, SCAA and APICOM that may be studied through the partnership will be introduced.
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Brown, Gerald G., Robert F. Dell, and Robert A. Farmer. "Scheduling Coast Guard District Cutters." Interfaces 26, no. 2 (1996): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.26.2.59.
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Bucciarelli, Mark, and Kip Brown. "A Desktop-OR Success: Modeling Coast Guard Buoy Tender Operations." Interfaces 25, no. 4 (1995): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.25.4.1.
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Anderson, David, and Mark Dix. "Training the Masses: Teaching ICS over the World Wide Web." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 1 (2001): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-1-59.
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ABSTRACT In March 2000, instructors from the Marine Safety Port Operations School at the U.S. Coast Guard Training Center Yorktown in Yorktown, Virginia delivered Incident Command System (ICS) 200-level training over the World Wide Web. The ICS Web-based training was part of an ensemble of courses that were offered over the Web to evaluate a software package developed by an independent contractor and to measure the effectiveness of Web-based training in the U.S. Coast Guard. Students throughout the United States, including Alaska, participated in the training using their personal or work computers. A number of students successfully met the objectives of the ICS 200 training without leaving their locale. To evaluate the efficacy of delivery, students were given pretests and posttests to measure their knowledge of ICS both before and after the training. The course consisted of two 4-hour Web-based delivery sessions using the National Interagency Incident Management System (NIIMS) curriculum for ICS 200. The U.S. Coast Guard adopted NIIMS ICS as the standardized response management system for all Coast Guard response operations and faces the task of providing the appropriate ICS training to all its members. Currently, Coast Guard ICS training is being provided at resident courses within the Coast Guard Marine Safety Schools and by field instructors. The advantages, foibles, and lessons learned from this Web-based training experiment as well as the future of using the Internet for delivery of ICS courses are discussed.
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Plourde, Kristy, Tim Deal, and Doug Lincoln. "Changes in the Use of Incident Command System in the U.S. Coast Guard1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (2003): 1175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-1175.
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ABSTRACT Incident Command System (ICS) is a proven multi-contingency response management system that is flexible and provides improved interoperability with other organizations. The U.S. Coast Guard adopted the use of ICS in oil spill responses well before 2001, but the U.S. Coast Guard announced and published is implementation plan for use of ICS Coast Guard-wide in February 2001. This paper will discuss how the U.S. Coast Guard has been moving forward with a phased ICS implementation program and will discuss some of the new tools that have been established. In the Atlantic and Pacific regions, the U.S. Coast Guard has established Incident Management Assist Teams (IMATs), which are a group of trained and experienced personnel who exercise and deploy as a team. These IMATs have been developed to support local U.S. Coast Guard Incident Commanders in their response organization on large incidents. The U.S. Coast Guard has begun work on an ICS qualification system with Position Task Books (PTBs), qualification tracking, and instructor qualifications and continues to move forward with ICS training programs. The U.S. Coast Guard published the Incident Management Handbook (IMH) in April 2001. This handbook incorporated the oil spill Field Operations Guide (FOG) and included information for other types of incidents including Hazardous Materials, Terrorism, and Search and Rescue. The U.S. Coast Guard has also published job aids to help personnel in specific ICS positions. While the U.S. Coast Guard recognizes that implementation of ICS in its organization will take some time, it continues to move forward. This will only improve the way the U.S. Coast Guard responds to incidents.
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Campagnini, Kathryn, and Tim Gunter. "Creation of National Strike Force Center of Expertise: U. S. Coast Guard Deployable Specialized Forces “Stem-to-Stern” Review." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (2017): 2527–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.2527.
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Abstract The United States Coast Guard conducted a review of the National Strike Force’s alignment with the Coast Guard organization following direction from Admiral Papp, Commandant of the Coast Guard, for a “Stem to Stern” review of all Deployable Specialized Forces. The Deployable Specialized Force program and its support structure has made significant progress building and sustaining a highly specialized community. Some of these successes include the Incident Management Assist Team. The full purpose and integration of all Deployable Specialized Force units has still not completely achieved full operational capability. One of the recommended courses of action for Coast Guard Deployable Specialized Forces is to maintain proficiency and provide value across the Coast Guard’s mission spectrum included: Establish Centers of Expertise for disaster/incident response with functionality to include standardization teams, external assessment, and Tactics, Techniques and Policy integration. The review concluded that a separate unit should be established to conduct third party assessment of the National Strike Forces’ three Strike Teams. As a result, the National Strike Force Center of Expertise was created under the oversight of the Coast Guard Force Readiness Command. This paper will review the reasons for creation of the National Strike Force Center of Expertise and why it was placed under the Coast Guard Force Readiness Command as a detachment of Training Center Yorktown. Several functional statements of the National Strike Force Center of Expertise will be presented regarding managing environmental response and equipment standardization among the Strike Teams and how the National Strike Force Center of Expertise concept of operations will support future progress for the NSF mission.
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Editors, Policy Perspectives. "Commander Zeita Merchant, PhD." Policy Perspectives 25 (May 11, 2018): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4079/pp.v25i0.18391.
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Commander Zeita Merchant, PhD, is currently the Commanding Officer of the Coast Guard Marine Safety Unit Chicago and has served on active duty in the Coast Guard for more than 20 years. She was previously Special Assistant to the Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard, and has also held the positions of Executive Officer of Marine Safety Unit Texas City, Supervisor, Port of Miami Field Office, and Chief of Port Operations at US Coast Guard Sector Miami. From 2010 to 2012, Commander Merchant served as a Congressional Fellow in the US House of Representatives. She graduated with honors from Tougaloo College with a Bachelor of Science in Biology, and received her Master of Quality Systems Management from the National Graduate School in 2003, her Master of Public Administration from the Trachtenberg School in 2010, and her Doctorate in Business Administration from the National Graduate School in 2011. Commander Merchant has been honored with many professional, academic, and community service awards throughout her career, including no less than eleven medals for her service in the Coast Guard, and is a recognized authority in the field of Marine Safety, Emergency, and Environmental Management.
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Sunko, Tomislav, Pavao Komadina, and Luka Mihanović. "Organisational structure and analysis of the contribution of the Coast Guard of the Republic of Croatia to maritime safety on the Adriatic Sea." Pomorstvo 32, no. 2 (2018): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.31.2.16.
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This paper analyses the organisation and scope of activities of the Coast Guard of the Republic of Croatia. The Coast Guard of the Republic of Croatia is a military organisation with police authorities and is an integral part of the Croatian Navy. It is a task force whose basic purpose is to provide support to state administration bodies in charge of surveillance and protection of Croatian strategic, economic and other general national interests on the eastern side of the Adriatic Sea. It is necessary to stress that the Croatian Coast Guard is trained not only to carry out protection of national maritime interests but also to carry out combat tasks and to participate in joint operations in the national and international environment. This paper contributes in stressing the importance of the role of the Croatian Coast Guard and of investments in equipment and in human resource with the aim of maintaining maritime safety on the Adriatic Sea.
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Roarty, Hugh, Scott Glenn, Josh Kohut, et al. "Operation and Application of a Regional High-Frequency Radar Network in the Mid-Atlantic Bight." Marine Technology Society Journal 44, no. 6 (2010): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.44.6.5.
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AbstractThe Mid-Atlantic Regional Coastal Ocean Observing System (MARCOOS) High-Frequency Radar Network, which comprises 13 long-range sites, 2 medium-range sites, and 12 standard-range sites, is operated as part of the Integrated Ocean Observing System. This regional implementation of the network has been operational for 2 years and has matured to the point where the radars provide consistent coverage from Cape Cod to Cape Hatteras. A concerted effort was made in the MARCOOS project to increase the resiliency of the radar stations from the elements, power issues, and other issues that can disable the hardware of the system. The quality control and assurance activities in the Mid-Atlantic Bight have been guided by the needs of the Coast Guard Search and Rescue Office. As of May 4, 2009, these quality-controlled MARCOOS High-Frequency Radar totals are being served through the Coast Guard’s Environmental Data Server to the Coast Guard Search and Rescue Optimal Planning System. In addition to the service to U.S. Coast Guard Search and Rescue Operations, these data support water quality, physical oceanographic, and fisheries research throughout the Mid-Atlantic Bight.
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Berkson, Jonathan M., Arthur A. Allen, Donald L. Murphy, and Kenneth J. Boda. "Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS®) Supports Marine Operations: A Look from the U.S. Coast Guard." Marine Technology Society Journal 44, no. 6 (2010): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.44.6.22.
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AbstractThe U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) is primarily a user of ocean observations but is also a provider of observations—especially in high-latitude regions. USCG has a long history of making ocean observations for mission activities and in support of other federal agencies. USCG uses the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS®) to understand maritime conditions while conducting the Coast Guard’s roles of Maritime Safety, Maritime Security, and Maritime Stewardship. IOOS data are critical in planning search and rescue operations, ensuring safe navigation at high latitudes, responding to oil and hazardous spills, providing vessel traffic services, and maintaining maritime domain awareness (MDA). The International Ice Patrol makes and uses ocean observations to estimate drift and deterioration of icebergs. The North American Ice Service products are needed in polar and domestic ice operations. The National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration and the USCG are developing a way to disseminate the Physical Oceanographic Real-Time System data via the USCG Automatic Identification System. The Coast Guard provides personnel and vessel support for the National Data Buoy Center observational program, a component of the IOOS. Many key oceanographic, biologic, and geologic discoveries in the Arctic and Antarctic have been made from Coast Guard cutters. As oceanographic data acquisition moves from vessel observations to satellite remote sensing and unmanned in situ data acquisition systems, the USCG will continue to support this effort.
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Cline, A. K., D. H. King, and J. M. Meyering. "Routing and Scheduling Coast Guard Buoy Tenders." Interfaces 22, no. 3 (1992): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.22.3.56.
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Elliott, James E. "Commercial Diving Operations During Salvage and Pollution Response Operations1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (2003): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-153.
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ABSTRACT Oil spill response personnel encounter commercial diving operations during salvage and pollution response operations. During an oil spill or hazardous substance release, the National Contingency Plan requires that response operations, including commercial diving operations, be conducted in accordance with the requirements, standards, and regulations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Additionally, the Coast Guard requires that commercial diving contractors meet their own commercial diving regulations (46 CFR 197) during response operations. Incident commanders and safety officers should ensure that an inspection of the on-site diving operation is conducted to confirm that commercial diving personnel, operations, and equipment meet the applicable regulations. This technical paper provides guidance to response personnel on the inspection of commercial diving operations during marine response operations and an overview of the equipment used to protect divers in contaminated waters. Additionally, this guidance provides checklists to facilitate the inspection of commercial diving operations to protect the health and safety of commercial divers.
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Sandkvist, Jim, Björn Forsman, and Dan Thorell. "Airborne Detection of Winter Oil Spills—A Presentation of the Swedish Coast Guard's Build-Up of Response Resources and Operational Manuals." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1991, no. 1 (1991): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1991-1-93.
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ABSTRACT A substantial part of the total transport in Swedish waters takes place during wintertime. Ice, darkness, and rough weather increase the risk of accidental spills and reduce the possibilities of detecting deliberate spills. These factors stress the importance of forming an oil spill response organization, also effective in operations in wintertime. The Swedish Coast Guard, which is responsible for spill recovery operations in Swedish waters, has initiated a number of projects due to the build-up of effective spill response resources for winter spills. Spill recovery operations in Swedish ice-free waters are performed effectively by airborne detection support, built up by the Swedish Space Corporation. Airborne detection techniques of oil in ice-covered waters are now studied in order to define ice and oil spill conditions that offer opportunities for successful detection operations. Developing manuals containing spill response strategies and operational tools requires combining knowledge concerning oil properties in cold water, oil and ice behavior, and ice conditions with resources such as weather forecasting, drift models, and strike forces. A manual, primarily aimed at rescue commanders and the Coast Guard OSCs for operations in winter spills, is set up, based on these combined disciplines and the best use of available tools. The progress of the work will be presented as well as a version of the spill detection manual for operations in ice conditions. A suggested oil properties classification code for winter spills is also included as a part of this project.
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Moore, Michael R., Thomas C. Miller, George L. Boone, and Rendall B. Farley. "U.S. Coast Guard Federal on Scene Coordinator Role in Vessel Salvage1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (2003): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-167.
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ABSTRACT Salvage operations must be conducted with the utmost concern for the safety of personnel, as well as protection of the marine environment, and property. Due to the highly dynamic circumstances involved in salvage operations, there is no standard or foolproof method for responding to a casualty. Therefore, contingency planning and pre-established relationships with industry become indispensable to ensure that informed decision making, maximum responder cooperation and optimum asset coordination. Inherent in contingency planning is having an understanding that the role of the Captain of the Port (COTP) / Federal On-Scene Coordinator (FOSC) during a salvage response is multifaceted. While the COTP/FOSC has federal responsibilities to protect people, property, and the environment, it is achieved only through close coordination of multiple responding agencies, the response/salvage community and their resources. This successful coordination is greatly facilitated through an understanding of FOSC roles and proper use of the Incident Command/Unified Command (ICS/UC) System. This paper also describes the assets and authorities available to the COTP/FOSC during a salvage response, the triggers and overriding issues that would initiate full or partial federalization.
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Choi, Timothy. "Sea Control by Other Means: Norwegian Coast Guard Operations Under International Maritime Law." Ocean Development & International Law 51, no. 1 (2019): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908320.2019.1636501.
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DeCola, Peter N. "PERSPECTIVES ON ICS TRAINING FROM THE TRAINER'S POINT OF VIEW: STREAMLINING THE PROCESS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2008, no. 1 (2008): 749–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-749.
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ABSTRACT The promulgation of Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD-5) has resulted in a significant training mandate for the Department of Homeland Security and the Coast Guard. An outstanding effort has been put forth to roll out the current training regime. Since training is an iterative process of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation (ADDIE), equal emphasis must be placed on all phases of the process, including analysis. In the haste to roll out training to meet an immediate need, little, if any analysis was conducted. The author suggests that the time may be right to conduct the analysis needed to streamline the current program and provide better training for Coast Guard personnel conducting contingency response operations.
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Boland, William, and Pete Bontadelli. "TO BOLDLY GO WHERE NO STATE HAS GONE BEFORE1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (1995): 761–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-761.
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ABSTRACT The Marine Safety Division of the 11th Coast Guard District and the California Office of Oil Spill Prevention and Response are pursuing new avenues to assure that federal, state, and local efforts in California achieve the goals of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 and the Lempert-Keene-Seastrand Oil Spill Prevention and Response Act of 1990. Coordination of the seven California area committees, publishing detailed area contingency plans, and the implemention of a memorandum of agreement on oil spill prevention and response highlight recent cooperative successes. In 1994 a joint Coast Guard/state/industry incident command system task force drafted an ICS field operations guide and incident action plan forms that meet National Interagency Incident Management System and fire scope ICS requirements.
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Babb, Jeffrey C., and Glenn Cekus. "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/U.S. Coast Guard Peer Exchange Program1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1999, no. 1 (1999): 1137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-1137.
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ABSTRACT Nationwide, the U.S. Coast Guard (CG) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are both tasked with the implementation of several environmental and safety statutes (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liabilities Act [CERCLA], Oil Pollution Act of 1990 [OPA 90], Clean Water Act [CWA], international Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships [MARPOL], etc.). They share important leadership roles on the National Response Team (NRT), Regional Response Team (RRT) and several other response planning bodies. Often EPA On-Scene Coordinators (OSCs) and CG OSC representatives work together in oil and chemical response operations and on various planning and exercise committees. However, the joint efforts of both organizations are often impacted by a mutual lack of understanding of each other's authorities, policies, procedures, internal structures, and leadership roles. Even the response zones for CG and EPA are often based on factors other than geography and often may not be well understood. USCG Marine Safety Office (MSO) Chicago and EPA Region V are bridging this gap in understanding by sponsoring a Peer Exchange Program. Representatives from each agency are spending up to a week with the other agency for hands-on training and education. The program was initiated in April 1996 and has produced excellent results. As a result, joint CGIEPA responses run more smoothly, mutual understanding and accessibility are enhanced, and overall public health and welfare and the environment are better protected.
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Everingham, Kent, Gary Polaski, Frederick Riedlin, Michael Shirk, Vinayak Deshpande, and Ananth V. Iyer. "Operations Research Enhances Supply Chain Management at the US Coast Guard Aircraft Repair and Supply Center." Interfaces 38, no. 1 (2008): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.1070.0334.
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Kimrey, LT Christopher M., and CDR Eric J. Doucette. "POLLUTION RESPONSE IN POST DISASTER RECOVERY- BEST PRACTICES FROM HURRICANE SANDY." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (2014): 1041–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.1041.
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ABSTRACT Operational Planning is the controlled process of quickly transitioning from chaos to calm; the ability to quell the unknown and create an environment of known, manageable hazards. The most notable challenge during all-hazards operations is moving emergency response operations forward in a concerted effort in somewhat nebulous and demanding environments, yet in accordance with all-hazards frameworks, laws and standing agency policies. Hurricane Sandy post-disaster response operations provided just the right test for that capability- an austere environment, an expansive geographic area, joint agency operations and latent hazards. Nevertheless, Hurricane Sandy post-disaster response operations, particularly those supporting Emergency Support Function 10 (ESF-10), proved infinitely successful, largely due to the deliberate operational planning and data processing methodologies developed to establish the clearest possible operational picture. Developed protocols, established later as a best practice, combined federal policies and regulations on pollution response operations and disaster response into a single operating standard for ESF-10 pollution response activities in support of Coast Guard Sector New York Unified Command operations in New York and New Jersey. Environmental response operations encompassed eight geographic Divisions and included thousands of potential pollution sources. This paper highlights specific methodologies for analyzing and prioritizing threats post-response, coordinating efforts across a joint-agency landscape and mounting an expeditious and efficient environmental response campaign in a concerted, unified manner.
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Gleason, Joseph. "POLLUTION RESPONSE DURING NATIONAL SPECIAL SECURITY EVENTS: STRIKING A BALANCE BETWEEN SECURITY AND RESPONSE." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (2005): 943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-943.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY During the summer of 2004, the First Coast Guard District in Boston, Massachusetts supported both Presidential political nominating conventions for the 2004 election. The Democratic National Convention was held in Boston, Massachusetts on July 26–29, 2004, and the Republican National Convention was held in New York City from August 30th to September 2, 2004. This was the first time both conventions have taken place within the geographic area of responsibility of a single Coast Guard District. The Secretary of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security declared both of these events as National Special Security Events under Presidential Decision Directive 62 (PDD-62). PDD-62 formalized and delineated the roles and responsibilities of federal agencies in the development of security plans for major events. The 2004 Democratic and Republican Conventions were the first political conventions held in the United States since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. In the months before the Democratic National Convention, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Justice stated that there was credible intelligence from multiple sources indicating that al-Qaeda planned to attempt an attack on the United States during the period leading up to the election. (Joint Statement of Homeland Security Secretary Tom Ridge and Attorney General John Ashcroft on May 28, 2004) The terrorist attacks on the Madrid rail system were a direct attempt by AI Qaeda to influence the elections in Spain, and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security was going to take all appropriate steps to prevent a similar attack in the United States. (Schmidt and Priest, Washington Post May 26, 2004; Page A02) The 2004 Conventions offered a significant challenge for the Coast Guard and other federal, state, and local agencies that had dual responsibility for coordinating security operations while being prepared to respond to a disaster including oil spills and hazardous substance releases—the combination of what was previously designated as crisis and consequence management under PDD-39. This paper will examine lessons learned from planning and operations in support of the conventions. Having served as the First District Project Officer for the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, this paper is written as my observations of the lessons learned and offers some insight into what went well and possible areas for improvement as I observed throughout the more than 18 months of planning for these events of national significance. The Coast Guard planning and operational support for the Democratic and Republican National Conventions demonstrated the importance of a team approach to planning, interagency coordination and partnerships, pre-event preparedness activities, and pre-deploying personnel and resources for response. It is my hope that the observations contained in this paper can benefit federal, state, and local agencies as they prepare for large significant events in the future including National Special Security Events.
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Gawande, Kishore, and Alok K. Bohara. "Agency Problems in Law Enforcement: Theory and Application to the U.S. Coast Guard." Management Science 51, no. 11 (2005): 1593–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1050.0422.
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Piekarski, Michał. "Small sea, big problems: chances and challenges of military security in Baltic region." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 197, no. 3 (2020): 620–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3956.
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The article aims to analyze the chances and challenges related to the military security of states surrounding the Baltic Sea. Notably, the problem of the protection of maritime traffic and other sea-related economic activities shall be described. Particular attention shall be given to possible scenarios of “hybrid warfare.” Based on possible threats characteristics, several aspects of changes in organizations and ways of employment of naval forces, border, and coast guard forces and special operations forces.
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Ducey, Donald L., and Ann Hayward Walker. "DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SUPPORT TO SPILL RESPONSE OPERATIONS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, no. 1 (1993): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-57.
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ABSTRACT The Department of Defense (DOD), operating through the Directorate of Military Support in the Department of the Army, supports state, local and other federal agency response operations in a wide range of natural and man-caused emergencies. Examples within the past six years include the Ashland Oil tank collapse in Floreffe, Pennsylvania, Exxon Valdez cleanup, Loma Prieta earthquake, hurricanes Hugo and Andrew, Mexico City earthquake, Armero (Columbia) volcanic eruption, and Puerto Rico floods and mudslides. From March 24 to September 27, 1989, the period of the Exxon Valdez initial cleanup operations, DOD provided military and civilian personnel, U. S. Navy ships for housing response workers, cargo and medical evacuation aircraft (fixed wing and helicopters), skimmers, modified dredges, landing craft, Dracones, Zodiak boats, radios, computers, and other miscellaneous equipment. This was in addition to assets of the Alaska Army and Air National Guard, which were committed by the governor. Support was provided to the U. S. Coast Guard on-scene coordinator and supervised by the Alaska Oil Spill Joint Task Force. The General Accounting Office, in its January 1990 report, Federal Costs Resulting from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, estimated that DOD spent $62.8 million through September 30, 1989, the largest expenditure by any federal agency. Use of military resources is a realistic scenario in certain situations. Primary responders at the federal and state level should understand how to request and employ these assets. This paper provides a background on DOD support to disaster relief operations, and discusses the types of support available to agencies responding to natural or man-caused emergencies, request and approval mechanisms, the Department of Defense organization to provide support, and reimbursement of the department.
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Drieu, Commander Michael, Ron MacKay, Flemming Hvidbak, Lieutenant Commander Peter Nourse, and David Cooper. "Latest Update of Tests and Improvements to Coast Guard Viscous Oil Pumping System (VOPS)1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (2003): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-447.
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ABSTRACT Over the past nine years, the U.S. Coast Guard has incorporated the Prevention Through People (PTP) philosophy as a “human factors” approach to learn how maritime operations can be regulated safer and be more efficient by evaluating training, management policies, operational procedures, and establishing partnerships with the maritime industry. One of the key elements of applying a PTP approach is identifying and incorporating lessons learned from major marine casualties and pollution incidents. Since 1997, the U.S. Coast Guard National Strike Force (NSF) has responded to three major oil spills involving foreign freight vessels grounding, which included the removal of highly viscous oil using various lightering equipment and systems. An informal workgroup consisting of the U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Navy Supervisor of Salvage (NAVSUPSALV), and various representatives from oil pollution clean-up companies met at the following facilities: the Chevron Asphalt Facility in Edmonds, WA (September 1999), the Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulated Environmental Test Tank (OHMSETT) testing facility in Leonardo, New Jersey (November 1999 and March 2000), the Alaska Clean Seas (ACS) warehouse annex in Prudhoe Bay, AK (October 2000), and Cenac Towing Company facility in Houma, LA (May 2002). The group shared ideas and techniques, and tested different pumps and hose lengths with viscous oil. It was during the early tests that the first quantitative results showed just how efficient lubricated transport of heavy oil product could be, and broadened the knowledge of such methods to the entire industry. Although this technology had existed for many years in the oil production and handling industry, its use had never been investigated in a laboratory setting with regard to salvage response lightering systems. The lubrication of heavy oil product was first applied in the tests in the form of Annular Water Injection (AWI) by means of an, Annular Water Injection Flange (AWIF). This idea had been developed many years ago by the oil industry to improve oil output production, but was first applied to salvage response using the flange concept by the Frank Mohn Company of Norway. In concept, the flange applies water to the viscous product discharge of a pump by means of its unique geometry. The initial tests resulted in developing the use of AWI on the discharge side of the pump. This technique was further refined and applied to existing U.S. Coast Guard lightering systems in the form of the Viscous Oil Pumping System (VOPS) package, which has been issued to each of the three USCG Strike Teams of the National Strike Force (NSF). Latest improvements include using AWI on the suction side of the pump with hot water or steam. For this suction application, a different device used to deliver water lubrication was also tested concurrently with the discharge AWIF. Other significant improvements, which achieved one of the goals set in 2000, was to seek global partnership with other companies or agencies from other countries. In 2002, the Canadian Coast Guard formally joined the U.S. VOPS workgroup to form the Joint Viscous Oil Pumping System (JVOPS) Workgroup.
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Pavia, Robert. "USE OF THE INTERNET TO SUPPORT INCIDENT OPERATIONS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 2 (2001): 1077–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-2-1077.
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ABSTRACT Spills seriously strain the normal abilities of organizations to gather, process, and distribute information. Added to the problems of supporting local multiagency decisions within the Unified Command (UC), there often are pressures from groups not directly involved in response operations and the public for rapid access to information about the spill. A UC can provide Command Post staff, official personnel not on-scene, and the public with specifically tailored information by establishing Incident Internet Operations. Incident-specific Internet sites can disseminate information about the response rapidly to the general public and specify target audiences inside and outside the Command Post. The Hazardous Materials Response Division, Office of Response and Restoration, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration worked with the U.S. Coast Guard to successfully deploy an Incident Internet Operations site during the M/V New Carissa incident. Examples of Incident Internet Operations from the New Carissa incident and other spills are available for viewing on-line at http://www.incidentnews.gov.
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Drozdowski, Tad, and Tugrul U. Daim. "An analysis on enhancing service delivery in the United States Coast Guard." International Journal of Services and Operations Management 8, no. 2 (2011): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsom.2011.038570.
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Hubbard, Jerry A., and William W. Whitson. "Comprehensive Oil Spill Response Planning: Going Beyond “What” your Going to do." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (2003): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-603.
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ABSTRACT A review of the law and responsibilities for oil spill response reveals a need for taking oil spill response incident management planning beyond just describing what will be done, to a new level that describes specifically who will do it. Facilitating the development of an effective management team in the first 24–48 hours of a spill is critical to setting the response operations in a positive motion, and ultimate success. The development of a draft Incident Command System (ICS) structure to meet the expectations of a Type II incident and pre-identification of personnel for specific assignments will enable a more cohesive personnel qualification process, training and exercises focused on general incident management, and ultimately a better prepared cadre of response personnel. The vision for Coast Guard District Thirteen is a District Response Group that is organized into a defined and pre-approved ICS structure, with these expectations set. The National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan requires the Coast Guard to form District Response Groups. By definition, this is all personnel and every asset the Coast Guard has within each District. However, this does not speak to the qualifications of these personnel, or address the tasking some units may receive, both of which are known. In the early hours of a major spill, confusion reigns and calls for help are made. This can be a call for help that is specific, such as the number of beach monitors, OPS Section Chiefs, or Check-in Recorders that are needed, or the more likely request is to send whoever is available. The latter is not likely to enable success if well intentioned but inexperienced management personnel show up. If we know who is available within the Coast Guard district, then we know our strengths. Therefore, we also know our weaknesses, and can identify gaps. By identifying our ICS structure, we can examine our resources, needs, and expectations; and have a plan that works while remaining flexible. There is no need to assemble a management team on the fly in the first 24 hours of a spill.
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Dillon, LTJG Kathleen. "Building Federal Partnerships to Harness Long-Term Success: A Case Study from the Joint EPA and USCG Response to Michigan Chemical Factories." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (2017): 2017075. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.000075.
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In the fall of 2015, the Coast Guard's Atlantic Strike Team (AST) was requested by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 5 to provide response operations at two abandoned chemical plating factories in Michigan. Starting in October 2015, the AST provided three months of air monitoring and chemical pumping operation support at the Michner Chemical Plating Factory in Jackson, Michigan. Shortly after operations began at Michner, EPA Region 5 requested additional AST support with hazardous material categorization and contractor monitoring at the Hard Chrome Plating facility in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Both abandoned chemical facilities were in close proximity to schools, residential neighborhoods, and community spaces. Each facility contained highly toxic chemicals including hydrochloric acid, hydrogen cyanide, and chromic acid. At each location, AST responders used flexibility and technical knowledge to address emergent issues and long term response strategies. This paper explores many of the challenges faced by the EPA and the Atlantic Strike Team including accurate chemical categorization, determination of appropriate personal protective equipment for responders, and communication issues. This examination reinforces the need for a close working relationship between the EPA and Coast Guard during both coastal and inland incident responses as well as providing recommendations for considerations to be made during future chemical clean-up responses.
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An, Bo, Fernando Ordóñez, Milind Tambe, et al. "A Deployed Quantal Response-Based Patrol Planning System for the U.S. Coast Guard." Interfaces 43, no. 5 (2013): 400–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.2013.0700.
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Beasley, Kim, C. Curtis Martin, and Roger Laferriere. "MAXIMIZING DISPERSANT PREPAREDNESS: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE 2007 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS FULL SCALE EXERCISE." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2008, no. 1 (2008): 805–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-805.
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ABSTRACT Large scale dispersant exercises have been conducted nationally and internationally ever since their first large scale use during the Torrey Canyon Spill of 1967. Few of these exercises are conducted on the grandest scale intended to exercise all aspects of the operation; from command and control, pre-application testing, application, monitoring and data transmission. Clean Islands Council in cooperation with the State of Hawaii'S Department of Health and the U.S. Coast Guard conducted a two day exercise on February 21–22, 2007 to test the full range of the State'S Dispersant capability. It was the largest exercise ever conducted in Hawaii, and arguably the largest in United States history. The exercise was the culmination of 14 years of program development by the Clean Islands Council, the State of Hawaii and the United States Coast Guard. The exercise instilled a tremendous appreciation in all players involved of the complexity of dispersant operations, and the importance of ensuring efficient command and control processes, support and communications. All elements of Dispersant application were tested: decision making processes, laboratory pre-testing, on-scene test application, on-scene application, on-scene monitoring and real time data transmission to effect quick decision making from jurisdictional agencies. Additionally, the latest state of the art equipment was used during all phases. This paper discusses the results of the exercise and shares critical lessons learned that will greatly advance the preparedness knowledge of all dispersant users internationally. The authors of this paper have over 50 years of collective spill response experience and were personally involved in the exercise design and execution.
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Hahn, R. A., and Alexandra M. Newman. "Scheduling United States Coast Guard helicopter deployment and maintenance at Clearwater Air Station, Florida." Computers & Operations Research 35, no. 6 (2008): 1829–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2006.09.015.
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Kauffman, Meridena, and David Mosley. "M/V Kimton: A Case Study of The U. S. Coast Guard's Abandoned Vessel Program." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (2003): 571–753. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-571.
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ABSTRACT In June of 2000, U. S. Coast Guard Marine Safety Office (MSO) San Juan conducted the Annual Abandoned Vessel Inventory and noticed an abandoned vessel grounded on a beach in Fajardo, Puerto Rico. Personal investigation revealed that the vessel held approximately 5,000 gallons of waste oil in the engine room, posing a pollution threat to the local public. In a thorough attempt to identify the owner, the MSO used the knowledge of local fishermen, the marine police and Department of Natural Resource. When the owner could not be identified, the Captain of the Port decided to use the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund to remove the threat of an oil discharge. Upon discovering that five marine batteries and filters had been hidden on board the vessel, it was determined that it was likely being used as a waste dumpsite. If it was indeed a dumpsite, the Coast Guard would then take control of the vessel, initiate salvage operations, and remove it from its location. Local contractors were hired in the first successful oil removal attempt, lasting two days. In April of 2001, the re-assessment was conducted and an additional 5,000 gallons of waste oil was again discovered on the vessel, confirming the belief that it was a dumpsite. A more in depth assessment was conducted, and another 10,000 gallons of fuel oil was discovered in the wing tanks. The second project commenced with a local environmental contractor hired to remove the 15,000 gallons of oil. Then a salvage contractor was hired to mechanically cut the vessel into scrap for disposal. During this time over 300 lbs. of commercial grade C-4 explosives and detonation cord were discovered in a hidden compartment in the aft end of the vessel. The total cost to the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund was approximately $700,000.00 and over 2,000 man-hours were spent to complete the project. This three month long abandoned vessel removal is considered an important success for several reasons. Not only did the Coast Guard remove a major pollution threat from the environment, but the municipality has also renovated the beachfront area and installed a boardwalk for public access.
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Armacost, Robert L. "A 0–1 nonlinear programming model for coast guard fisheries law enforcement aircraft patrols." European Journal of Operational Research 56, no. 2 (1992): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(92)90217-w.
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Deshpande, Vinayak, Ananth V. Iyer, and Richard Cho. "Efficient Supply Chain Management at the U.S. Coast Guard Using Part-Age Dependent Supply Replenishment Policies." Operations Research 54, no. 6 (2006): 1028–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.1060.0327.
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Elliott, Jim. "Recovery of a Toxic Cargo from a Sunken Tank Barge: Lessons Learned and Policy Implications." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (2017): 478–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.478.
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Abstract: In December 2015, operations were successfully completed in the recovery of a highly toxic cargo from the sunken tank barge ARGO in Lake Erie. The ARGO, constructed in 1911, sank in 1937 with a cargo of benzol that contained a high percentage of the carcinogen benzene. The ARGO was previously listed as the highest environmental risk in the Great Lakes by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Remediation of Underwater Legacy Environmental Threats (RULET) study. To recover the cargo, salvors designed a diver directed hot-tapping and pumping system to pump the remaining high benzene cargo from the sunken barge at a depth of approximately 50-feet below the lake’s surface. The cargo off-load system included pumping the cargo to a series of storage tanks onboard a barge equipped with designed-for-purpose inert gas and vapor recovery systems to ensure the safety of the public and responders. Working in a Unified Command that included the Coast Guard, U.S. and Ohio Environmental Protection Agencies and National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, the salvage crew achieved all operational objectives – from safely conducting around-the-clock cold-water contaminated water diving operations to collecting environmental and barge hull samples for further analysis. The ARGO case study will provide lessons learned to assist future responders in safely performing subsea oil removal operations. Additionally, the case study will frame the discussion of current submerged oil recovery regulations and guidance, including the 2016 American Petroleum Institute (API) sunken oil detection and recovery guidance and the U.S. Coast Guard’s guidance on the classification of Oil Spill Removal Organizations (OSRO) that perform non-floating oil detection and recovery operations.
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Popovich, Mike, Tim L. Robertson, and Gary Folley. "NEARSHORE OPERATIONS RESPONSE STRATEGY: Overcoming Spill Response Challenges in Remote Areas." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (2014): 300126. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014-1-300126.1.
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Conducting oil spill recovery operations in remote regions/environments is a daunting challenge. Increased shipping and oil exploration in the Arctic drives the need for developing innovative ways to mitigate oil spills in remote regions. This includes bolstering near-shore spill response to protect coastal resources. The Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, in conjunction with the United States Coast Guard, and Alaska oil spill response organizations, has developed a Nearshore Operations Response Strategy (NORS) that provides planners and responders with a framework to plan for and carry out long-term oil removal and shoreline protection strategies in the Alaskan near-shore environment. NORS addresses the logistical challenges that exist when considering sustained operations in remote areas without shore-based support facilities. This strategy begins with tactics developed using best available technology to recover oil and protect resources in the near-shore environment. The components of a Nearshore Response Group designed to implement these tactics over a ten mile radius are described. Finally, the elements of a marine logistical base to support the Group for up to 21 days in remote regions are developed.
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French-McCay, Deborah P., Jill J. Rowe, Nicole Whittier, Subbayya Sankaranarayanan, Dagmar S. Etkin, and Linda Pilkey-Jarvis. "EVALUATION OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF VARIOUS RESPONSE OPTIONS USING MODELING OF FATE, EFFECTS AND NRDA COSTS OF OIL SPILLS INTO WASHINGTON WATERS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (2005): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-457.
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ABSTRACT Oil spill fate and effects modeling and analysis were performed to evaluate the implications of spill response options being considered by the Washington State Department of Ecology in their rulemaking related to oil spill preparedness (WA State Contingency Plan Rule). The impacts of potential spills in Washington's outer coast, sound and river environments were modeled varying response options and operational timing, including use of conventional mechanical containment and recovery operations; dispersant application with concurrent mechanical containment and recovery; and in-situ burning with concurrent mechanical containment and recovery. US Coast Guard federal response capability standards, current Washington State standards, and potential theoretical higher response capability standards were simulated for scenarios involving spills of crude oil, bunker fuel and diesel into Washington waters (in the Strait of Georgia, Strait of Juan de Fuca, outer coast, and lower and upper Columbia River). The modeling was performed in probabilistic mode, i.e., by randomly varying location along tanker routes, spill date, and time, and so environmental conditions during and after the release among potential conditions that would occur. The model results were analyzed to estimate mean, standard deviation (SD), and 5th, 50th and 95th percentile results for surface water and shoreline oiling, water column and sediment contamination, biological impacts, and natural resource damages (NRD). NRD costs were based on the Washington Compensation Schedule and Oil Pollution Act (OPA) NRD procedures involving compensatory restoration scaling and associated costs. Response costs and socioeconomic damages were evaluated in a companion study by D.S. Etkin (Environmental Research Consulting). The fates, impacts and NRD cost results for two scenarios are presented here: those for the outer coast spills assuming (1) only protective booming and (2) protective booming plus the mechanical removal up to Washington State standards. The results of these and other scenarios are being incorporated into a rulemaking process and cost-benefit analysis by the Department of Ecology.
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Kanani, Ilda. "To the Left or the Port? (Technical Translation/ Interpretation Challenges)." Romanian Journal of English Studies 15, no. 1 (2018): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjes-2018-0017.
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AbstractThe present paper treats some of the challenges faced when interpreting very technical presentations, speeches and discussion panels on a very specific training on small boat operations organized by U.S Coast Guard and U.S Embassy in Vlora, Albania. It tries to investigate the interpretation problems which may arise during this kind of translation and the specific skills required by the interpreters to successfully accomplish this really demanding task. The case study method is based on the author’s experience as a consecutive interpreter (English into Albanian and vice-versa) in this training and it will provide specific interpretation challenges along with skills and strategies employed in each case.
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Ljulj, Andrija, and Vedran Slapničar. "Seakeeping Performance of a New Coastal Patrol Ship for the Croatian Navy." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 7 (2020): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8070518.
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This paper presents seakeeping test results for a coastal patrol ship (CPS) in the Croatian Navy (CN). The full-scale tests were conducted on a CPS prototype that was accepted by the CN. The seakeeping numerical prediction and model tests were done during preliminary project design. However, these results are not fully comparable with the prototype tests since the ship was lengthened in the last phases of the project. Key numerical calculations are presented. The CPS project aims to renew a part of the Croatian Coast Guard with five ships. After successful prototype acceptance trials, the Croatian Ministry of Defence (MoD) will continue building the first ship in the series in early 2020. Full-scale prototype seakeeping test results could be valuable in the design of similar CPS projects. The main aim of this paper is to publish parts of the sea trial results related to the seakeeping performance of the CPS. Coast guards around the world have numerous challenges related to peacetime tasks such as preventing human and drug trafficking, fighting terrorism, controlling immigration, and protecting the marine environmental. They must have reliable platforms with good seakeeping characteristics that are important for overall ship operations. The scientific purpose of this paper is to contribute to the design process of similar CPS projects in terms of the development of seakeeping requirements and their level of fulfillment on an actual ship.
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Brkić, Dejan, and Zoran Stajić. "Offshore Oil and Gas Safety: Protection against Explosions." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 3 (2021): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9030331.
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Offshore oil and gas operations carry a high risk of explosions, which can be efficiently prevented in many cases. The two most used approaches for prevention are: (1) the “International Electrotechnical Commission System for Certification to Standards Relating to Equipment for Use in Explosive Atmospheres” (IECEx) and (2) European “Atmosphere Explosible” (ATEX) schemes. The main shortcoming for the IECEx scheme is in the fact that it does not cover nonelectrical equipment, while for the ATEX scheme, it is due to the allowed self-certification for a certain category of equipment in areas with a low probability of explosions, as well as the fact that it explicitly excludes mobile offshore drilling units from its scope. An advantage of the IECEx scheme is that it is prescribed by the US Coast Guard for protection against explosions on foreign mobile offshore drilling units, which intend to work on the US continental shelf but have never operated there before, with an additional requirement that the certificates should be obtained through a US-based Certified Body (ExCB). Therefore, to avoid bureaucratic obstacles and to be allowed to operate with minimized additional costs both in the US and the EU/EEA’s offshore jurisdictions (and very possibly worldwide), all mobile offshore drilling units should be certified preferably as required by the US Coast Guard.
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Wischmann, Steve, Lome Thomas, and Jim Gynther. "Developing a Technological Tool for Managing Complex Environmental Incidents1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1999, no. 1 (1999): 839–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-839.
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ABSTRACT This paper will discuss the U.S. Coast Guard's response to the need for technological solutions to the incident management challenges posed by oil spills and hazardous material releases. Additionally, this paper will examine some of the difficulties presented by technology itself; that is to say, technological tools come with both implicit and explicit ramifications that must be understood and overcome in order to fully harness the potential contained within such capabilities. With the advent of both the public and Congress demanding increasingly effective spill response and fiscal conservancy, the Coast Guard has sought technological innovations to enhance its ability to coordinate and manage complex, multi-agency response operations. Through the development of the On-Scene Command and Control (OSC2) system, the Coast Guard intends to bring the potential leverage of computer-based technology to the Incident Command System (ICS) by harnessing the advantages of large-screen display, relational databases, and a Geographic Information System (GIS) for mapping response resources and activities. The decision-support and resource tracking advantages produced by OSC2 are expected to contribute mightily to improve performance within the Unified Command/ICS organization. However, the challenges posed by the implementation of OSC2 cannot be ignored. Factors ranging from human resource inhibitions and training requirements to blending individual technical components into a seamless whole must be considered when technological tools are designed, developed, and employed. Technology is not inherently good or bad, but remains always contextual—it is dependent on the intervening factors introduced by the human condition in which it is imagined and then utilized. This paper will discuss these issues and describe the key elements in achieving the success of OSC2 as one of the Coast Guard's spill response management tools.
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Johnson, Ralph E., and H. Paul Cojeen. "An Investigation into the Loss of the Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit Ocean Ranger." Marine Technology and SNAME News 22, no. 02 (1985): 109–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1985.22.2.109.
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The loss of all 84 persons aboard the mobile offshore drilling unit (MODU) Ocean Ranger on February 15, 1982 and 123 of the 212 persons aboard the MODU Alexander L. Kielland on March 27, 1980 are dramatic examples of MODU accidents. One of the purposes of this paper is to describe the investigative process undertaken by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), the U.S. Coast Guard and the Canadian Royal Commission to determine the cause of the capsizing and sinking of the Ocean Ranger. In that regard, the NTSB analysis and findings are presented. A number of other MODU casualties are summarized in order to put this casualty into perspective. The responsibility for the safe operations of these complex and expensive platforms must be shared among regulators, vessel owners, drilling contractors, operators and labor organizations. The paper examines the national and international rules and regulations that are in place relating to design, construction and operation of MODU's. The NTSB recommendations are put into this shared-responsibility framework.