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Journal articles on the topic 'Coastal landscapes'
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YU, Kongjian. "COASTAL LANDSCAPES." Landscape Architecture Frontiers 5, no. 4 (2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.15302/j-laf-20170401.
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Nadirov, Magir. "ASSESSMENT OF MODERN LANDSCAPE POTENTIAL IN THE CASPIAN COASTAL PLAINS." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 53, no. 2 (2022): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.22.2.8.
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The main purpose of the research is to assess the natural landscape reserve potential and to propose measures that reflect the character of the landscape and its regional-ecological importance. The research area is the Caspian coastal plains from the Pirsaat River to the Astara River in Azerbaijan. For the assessment, the landscape potential of the study area was divided into weak, medium, and strong categories according to the criteria. During the assessment, it was revealed that landscapes with a low natural resource potential cover 42% of the area, landscapes with an average natural resource potential - 23%, and landscapes with a strong natural resource potential - 11%. Protected landscapes cover 24% of the study area. Evaluation of the sensitivity of landscapes to technogenic impacts showed that most of the territory (41%) is at a severe ecological level.
 Keywords: natural landscape, ecological potential, coastal zone, ecological stress, optimization.
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Nadirov, Magir Abdulali oghlu. "ASSESSMENT OF MODERN LANDSCAPE POTENTIAL IN THE CASPIAN COASTAL PLAINS." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 68 (2022): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2022.68.44-51.
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Aim: In recent decades, high population growth rates have increased the impact on nature. The expansion of agricultural areas and the rapid appropriation of land require landscape assessment and systematic planning of nature management mechanisms. The main purpose of the study is to assess the natural landscape potential of the territory and propose measures that reflect the nature of the landscape and its regional and ecological significance. Methodology: The Caspian coastal plains of Azerbaijan, chosen as the study area, are distinguished by their sensitivity to anthropogenic impacts. In the evaluation process, the landscapes of the study area were categorized as weak, medium, and strong in terms of natural resource potential, productivity, and recreational potential. For determining the levels of sensitivity to technogenic impacts, landscapes were grouped according to the level of ecological tension into satisfactory, stressed, critical, and crisis levels and an expert assessment was carried out using a 100-point system. Results: According to the calculation, 54% of the coastal plains of the Caspian Sea that make up the study area are semi-arid landscapes, 14% are forests and meadows, 26% are dry steppes, and 5% are hydromorphic-intrazonal landscapes. During the assessment, it was revealed that landscapes with a low natural resource potential cover 42% of the area, landscapes with an average natural resource potential - 23%, and landscapes with a strong natural resource potential - 11%. Protected landscapes cover 24% of the study area. Evaluation of the sensitivity of landscapes to technogenic impacts showed that most of the territory (41%) is at a severe ecological level. Scientific novelty: The landscapes of the study area were evaluated in terms of natural resource potential and anthropogenic impacts. As a result, a system of measures for optimal management of landscape complexes was proposed taking into account the separated zones.
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Bibaeva, A. Y. "Modeling the Interconnection of Landscape-Aesthetic Qualities of Coastal Landscapes." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences 41 (2022): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2022.41.37.
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This paper presents a methodology for assessing the visual quality of coastal landscapes. The initial material was the data of a survey of the opinions of vacationers in the coastal zone of the southwestern coast of Lake Baikal about the landscapes aesthetic properties of their places of rest (aesthetics, diversity, harmony, exoticism, uniqueness, beauty, disturbance, colorfulness), individual components of the landscape (sky, relief, vegetation, water bodies) and their emotional state. Analysis of public opinion makes it possible to obtain a spatially differentiated view (representation) of the landscape and aesthetic qualities of coastal landscapes. The most attractive and most disturbed parts of the coastal zone have been identified. To understand the factors contributing to the formation of the aesthetic impression of the surrounding landscapes among respondents, multiple regression analysis was carried out using the Data Analysis module of Ms Excel. The resulting multiple regression model is characterized by a high comparability of the results of empirical data with their predicted values: the absolute value of the correlation between the aesthetic quality of the observed landscapes and their particular aesthetic qualities (properties) is 0.93, the average approximation error is 6.5 %. The aesthetic qualities of a landscape are an indicator of its “health”. For this reason, the results of assessing the visual properties of landscapes should be taken into account in assessing the recreational load on landscapes, in developing policy documents for the territorial and socio-economic development of municipalities and the Region.
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Aleynikova, Anna M., Oksana N. Lipka, and Marina V. Krylenko. "Landscape structure of coastal cliffs of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus." RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety 27, no. 4 (2019): 298–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2310-2019-27-4-298-306.
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This work is devoted to the analysis of the landscape structure of the coastal cliffs of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. The paper analyzes the features of vegetation growth and the landscape structure of the cliffs of the Tuaphat massif, proposes and substantiates the classification of landscapes of coastal cliffs, reveals the features of coastal landscapes. In the landscape structure of the coastal cliffs of the Tuaphat massif, natural boundaries can be distinguished by: the nature of the apparent occurrence of geological layers; substates by the steepness of the slope; striae, which are characterized by more abundant growth of vegetation along cracks in the geological layer; facies usually coincide geographically with nanoand microforms of the relief and are usually represented by one type of vegetation (for example, a pillow rock form). The distribution of vegetation by striae on fine crushed stone of siltstone or mudstone, the absence of halophytes, but the predominance of salt-tolerant plant species with a wide ecological amplitude (petrophytes, cosmopolitans and ruderal) are typical.
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Miano, Pasquale, and Francesca Coppolino. "Coastal Landscapes and Invisible Archaeology." Joelho Revista de Cultura Arquitectonica, no. 11-12 (September 9, 2021): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-8681_11_12_12.
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The contribution aims to investigate the relationship between coastal landscapes, invisible archaeology and architectural design through the case of St. Peter’s Abbey archaeological site, in the fjord of Crapolla in Massa Lubrense, that has been the subject of an interdisciplinary research. In these particular situations, architectural design works on an interpretative condition where the intersection between reciprocal learnings takes on great importance in order to define design strategies for the valorization of the weaker archaeological traces in the contemporary territory. The Crapolla’s Abbey is an emblematic case, where the results achieved by different studies, from archaeological excavations to surveys, from studies on ancient materials and construction techniques to those on the spolia architecture, from landscape studies to geological ones, inevitably become the basis of architectural design, which has to be constantly updated, taking the connotations of an “open work” and becoming a sort of “building site of knowledge” in progress.
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Boisson, Antoine, and Michel Allard. "Morphological and evolutionary patterns of emerging arctic coastal landscapes: the case of northwestern Nunavik (Quebec, Canada)." Arctic Science 6, no. 4 (2020): 488–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0002.
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Northwestern Nunavik (Quebec, Canada) is characterized by specific landforms and poorly documented examples of emerging coastal landscapes. In this study, we identified the different types of coasts and examined how they were morphologically reworked and shaped during the Holocene. This coastal region is currently emerging at rates of 8–9 mm/year due to glacial isostatic adjustment. The coastal zone includes a large number of glacial and glaciofluvial landforms such as De Geer moraines, eskers, and drumlinoid ridges that are continuously modified by coastal processes as they emerge. Wave erosion, shore drifting, and sedimentation transform the original landforms into transverse spits, tombolos, dunes, beaches, and narrow tidal flats. Once raised above the reach of storm surges, the coastal landscape evolves into a maze of low tundra ridges, wetlands, and lakes, which represent the end point of rapid shoreline regression. Exposure to a cold climate allows permafrost inception and aggradation in the uplifted sediments, forming features such as ice-wedge polygons and frost boils. Conceptual models of coastal evolution and ecosystem formation are proposed, from the original submarine landscapes to the emerged landscapes.
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Ņitavska, Natalija, and Monta Siliņa. "The identity of military heritage areas of the coast of Kurzeme." Landscape architecture and art 14 (July 16, 2019): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2019.14.05.
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The coastal landscape of Kurzeme in Latvia is connected with the USSR border and military objects, established in the Soviet Union period that nowadays on losing their function are still on the coast and influence the landscape both physically and visually. These objects can be evaluated in different ways – both different and unfamiliar elements for the coastal landscape, as well as the potential of new landscape development. The research of the factors affecting the coastal development is a key to success for future coastal planning and management, as it helps to identify negative and positive landscape transformation processes, as well as their reflection on the identity of the coastal landscape. In order to understand the role of the military heritage of the coast of Kurzeme in the overall identity of the coastal landscape of Kurzeme, a survey of military areas was carried out by analyzing the physical and visual accessibility of the landscape, identifying the type of the landscape, existing elements, their materials and colour gamma, the current usage and state in common, as well as the emotional side of the landscape – feelings, impressions, atmosphere (sense of place). The information obtained in the survey helped to compile a biography of each of the military area landscapes, also based on the cultural and historical research of each landscape. The comparison of different landscape biographies of the military heritage of the coast of Kurzeme gives a perspective of their inclusion in the common identity of the coastal landscape of Kurzeme and reveals the potential for the development of these landscapes.
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Weinstein, M. P., R. E. Turner, and DJ Reed. "Prologue: Building Sustainable Coastal Landscapes." Restoration Ecology 13, no. 1 (2005): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2005.00018.x.
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Rudianto, D. Setyohadi, A. Isdianto, and K. S. Harahap. "Coastal Ecosystem Assessment with an Integrated Approach to Land and Seascape Coastal Ecosystems for Conservation: A Case Study of the Pulo Doro Coast, Malang Regency." Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences 50, no. 1 (2023): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.50.1.26.
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This research starts from the phenomenon of climate change and increasing land subsidence in the coastal areas. Disasters that often occur due to climate change and subsidence result in the destruction of coastal communities' property, loss of life, agricultural land cannot produce optimally, and tsunamis, tidal floods, and liquefaction are increasingly common. If the incident is not addressed, it will lead to a more severe disaster, and the lives of coastal communities will be threatened. This research aims to assess the condition of coastal ecosystems, both coastal ecosystems, landscapes and seascapes, which are then assessed for the level of usage (economic), conservation (ecology), and the value of local wisdom (social). The method used includes three models: geographic information system (GIS), partial least square (PLS), and total economic value (TEV). GIS is used to assess the presence of landscapes and seascapes. PLS is used to assess public opinion and assessment of the existence of coastal ecosystems. TEV is used to assess the economy. The results of the study show that there are still many Pulo Doro beaches that have not been intervened by anthropogenic processes. The condition of the coastal ecosystem is still intact, although natural processes have begun stressing the coastal area due to the increasing wave height. The results of the PLS show that the community values the landscape as 0.753, the seascape assessment as 0.666, the assessment of the relationship between the landscape and the seascape as 0.841, the assessment of the condition of the Pulo Doro Coastal as 0.693, and efforts to develop a Pulo Doro coastal ecosystem management strategy 0.766. The results of the TEV calculation show that both the landscape and seascape show that the economic value is still not exploited much. The results of this study found a model for managing the coast based on landscape and seascape approaches.
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Cochran, Lindsey E. "Rival landscapes of Georgia’s coastal plantations." Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 61 (March 2021): 101270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2021.101270.
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Pombo, Pedro. "Water Cartographies of Goa: Khazans, Sedimentation and Dissolution of Coastal Cultural Landscapes." Journal of Heritage Management 4, no. 2 (2019): 192–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455929619877477.
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Goa’s landscape is an encounter between dry and wet materialities, the Indian Ocean world and the Western Ghats of Konkan, the distant and the localized, open seas and deep currents and floodplains, estuaries and muddy soils. Reordered in geometric geographies, these curvilineous cultivated lowlands, named khazans, surrounded by villages, temples and churches are part of the landscape and crucial sensorial layers of this Indian state. Village neighbourhoods (named waddi in Konkani) are organized not around a solid centre, but along several interconnected paddy fields, creating particular territorial maps of each village. Can our perception change, thus, if we see the Goan territory having water as its defining element, instead of a land-based perspective, and consider these lands as cultural landscapes? The aesthetic and heritage dimensions of cultural landscapes are essential to perceive Goa as a place of simultaneous dissolution and sedimentation along time and cultural geographies. Based on recent research on Goa and the Indian Ocean, this text proposes khazans to be recognized both as natural elements and cultural signifiers and as the main cartographic layers of inclusive Goan cultural landscapes.
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Köpsel, Vera, and Cormac Walsh. "“Coastal landscapes for whom? Adaptation challenges and landscape management in Cornwall”." Marine Policy 97 (November 2018): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2018.05.029.
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Blažauskas, Nerijus, and Dmitry Dorokhov. "Assessment of the sensitivity of sandy coasts of the south–eastern part of the Baltic to oil spills." Baltica 27, special (2014): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2014.27.16.
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The sandy coasts of the south–eastern Baltic Sea are the unique landscape along the shores of Poland, Kaliningrad Oblast (Russia), Lithuania and Latvia. Flat sandy beaches, protective dune ridges and near shore sandy spits are very valuable and attractive resources for human recreation and valuable habitat for wildlife. Intensifying shipping, operation of oil terminals and offshore platforms poses a constant threat not only to coastal and socio–economic resources, but also to sensitive underwater landscapes of marine areas and vulnerable marine habitats. Analysis of environmental sensitivity proved to be an effective tool for national and regional oil spill response planning. However, in order to complete the precise evaluation of near shore and coastal zone sensitivity to possible oil spills there is a need to identify vulnerable coastal sectors and complete detailed mapping of underwater landscapes. This is achieved by developing an integrated methodology for analysis of valuable coastal zone sensitivity to potential oil spills.
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Nadirov, Mahir. "ECOGEOGRAPHICAL RISKS AND ANTHROPOGENIC TRANSFORMATION OF GEOSYSTEMS ON THE COASTAL PLAIN OF CASPIAN SEA." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 61 (2021): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2021.61.59-65.
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Aim: The main aim of the study is to research the regularities of the anthropogenic transformation and ecogeographical situation of the landscapes on the coastal plain of the Caspian Sea from Pirsaat river to Astara river. The methodological basis of the article is determine dynamic of forests we prepared forests maps of investigation area. For this purpose we used the topo map of the area of 1987, and Google Earth imagines. Then we compared these years' materials, and analyzed conclusions. Results: In the article we have represented results of our investigation materials on the branch of technogenic transformation of the landscapes based on modern methods, and relevant maps are prepared. We have analyzed landscape components, like relief, climate, vegetation cover and etc., dynamics of forests, precipitations and etc. We grouped the anthropogenic activities in the investigation area. Consequently we have determined risks and hazards in the landscapes on the coastal plain of Caspian Sea due to human effects. Transformation characterizes of Salyan and Lankaran, South-eastern Shirvan plains due to anthropogenic effects have researched in the article. Dynamic analyzes of old and modern topo maps, satellite maps, survey with older people let determine transformation degrees and development levels of modern natural and natural-anthropogenic landscapes. Eco systems of the protected areas are compared with landscapes exposed to anthropogenic effects based on analogy method. NDVI, dynamics of technogenic landscapes, forest ecosystems maps allow to create anthropogenic transformation map of the investigation area. We devided investigation are into 5 parts due to transformation degrees: unchanged landscapes that retain their natural structure, poorly transformed landscapes, medium transformed landscapes, strongly transformed landscapes, natural-technogenic landscapes. Then risk and hazards are assessed. System of measures to overcome ecological risks and hazards have been prepared by us. We have determined that 24% of the investigation area (1585 km2) were ecologically protected landscapes. In 26% of the area (1705 km2), natural complexes are poor transformed. In 40% (2598 km2) of natural complexes are moderately transformed, and in 10% (680 km2) of natural landscapes are strongly transformed and belong to high-risk areas. Compiled maps and scientific results can be source in management of risks in the area and in the proper organization of insurance business. Theoretical and practical significance. The results of the research can be used by the research and design institutes of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources. The obtained scientific results will enable the protection of the ecological diversity of landscapes on the plain of the Caspian Sea and optimize natural resource potential of landscapes. Scientific novelty: The obtained scientific results will enable the protection of the ecological diversity of landscapes on the plain of the Caspian Sea and optimize natural resource potential of landscapes.
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Ríos-Reyes, Carlos Alberto, Dino Carmelo Manco Jaraba, and Oscar Mauricio Castellanos-Alarcón. "Geotourism Potential and Challenges of the Coastal Region Around Santa Marta (Colombia): a Novel Strategy for Socioeconomic Development." Cuadernos de Geografía: Revista Colombiana de Geografía 30, no. 1 (2021): 106–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rcdg.v30n1.81239.
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This research article refers to the coastal region around Santa Marta (Colombia), showing a valuable geodiversity from a coastal geomorphology point of view, with great scientific importance for the study of coastal landscapes and attractive for the development of geotourism. The landscape value of the coastal regions of the Colombian Caribbean, in particular of the coastal region around Santa Marta, should be globally recognized to improve and protect its aesthetic and environmental value through geoeducation and geotourism activities that contribute to its geoconservation, motivating efficient management that outlines guidelines that promote the development of appropriate tourist infrastructure, centers of scientific interpretation, dissemination and educational materials, active exchange with geoparks, continuous improvement, and participation of local communities.
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Printsmann, Anu, and Tarmo Pikner. "The Role of Culture in the Self-Organisation of Coastal Fishers Sustaining Coastal Landscapes: A Case Study in Estonia." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (2019): 3951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143951.
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The cultural sustainability of coastal landscapes relies heavily on the community’s self-organisation in fish foodways. The theoretical framework concentrates on cultural sustainability, foodways, land–sea interactions, and community of practice. The data presented in this article were part of the SustainBaltic Integrated Coastal Zone Management plan, consisting mainly of semi-structured and focus group interviews with stakeholders, supported by background information from various available sources. The results are outlined by descriptions of self-organisation, community matters, and food forming cultural sustainability of coastal landscapes. The self-organisation in community of practice among coastal fishers is slowly progressing by negotiating common resources and voicing concerns about ecological, economic, and social sustainability. Foodways, which comprise the indispensable ingredient for sustaining a way of life that has produced traditional coastal landscapes, are always evolving.
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Pearson, Stephen G. "Consequences for Coastal Landforms, Landscapes and Townscapes." Landscapes 3, no. 2 (2002): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/lan.2002.3.2.38.
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Pafi, Maria, Wesley Flannery, and Brendan Murtagh. "Coastal tourism, market segmentation and contested landscapes." Marine Policy 121 (November 2020): 104189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104189.
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Pankeeva, Т. V., and N. V. Mironova. "LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE OF THE WESTERN COAST OF SEVASTOPOL." Geopolitics and Ecogeodynamics of regions 7 (17), no. 2 (2021): 276–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2309-7663-2021-7-2-276-291.
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The information about the landscape structure of the western coast of Sevastopol. Landscape studies (summer 2020) were conducted by detailed study of key sites using landscape profiling. In the landscape structure of the study area identified 8 bottom natural complexes (BCN). The capes at a depth of 0.5-5 m are characterized by underwater slope landscapes with boulder and boulder heaps and bedrock outcrops dominated by Carpodesmia crinita and Treptacantha barbata. Between the capes at these depths, underwater slope landscapes formed by sandy sediments, devoid of benthic vegetation, where individual clumps are also dominated by Carpodesmia crinita and Treptacantha barbata. An underwater coastal slope composed of coarse-clastic sediments dominated by Treptacantha barbata, and with alternating pebble-gravel with battered shell sediments dominated by Phyllophora crispa, was recorded at a depth of 5–10 m. A weakly sloping plain composed of gravel-sandy sediments with broken shells, dominated by Phyllophora crispa, can be traced at a depth of 10–15 m. The formation of its landscape structure is influenced by both the natural features of the coastal zone and economic activities in the adjacent territory.
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Kuzmin, S. B., S. I. Shamanova, and I. A. Belozertseva. "Altitudinal zonation of landscapes on the local testing area in the southern Baikal region." Izvestiya Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Seriya geograficheskaya, no. 3 (June 25, 2019): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2587-556620193105-115.
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Today identification of altitudinal zones of landscapes in local areas, especially in mountainous areas, is inextricably linked with the creation of digital terrain models and their geoinformation interpretation. We have considered the altitudinal zonation of landscapes on the Mamai model testing area, located on the Northern macroslope of the Khamar-Daban Ridge and in the Tankhoi coastal plain of the Baikal Lake. The special geoinformation software, partially modernized during the works, was used. Landscapes were studied by their main components: relief and geomorphological processes, soils and soil-forming processes, vegetation. The landscapes of the testing area are represented by three main groups: 1) goltsy altitudinal and mountain-taiga landscapes of the Khamar-Daban Ridge on the crystalline metamorphic rocks of the khungurul series of the lower Proterozoic age and granites of the Khamar-Daban and Sayan intrusive complexes of the upper Proterozoic and lower Paleozoic, respectively; 2) taiga and meadow-marsh landscapes of the Tankhoi plain on loose sediments of the Late Pliocene and Quaternary ages; 3) intrazonal landscapes within transverse mountain river valleys on the Late Pleistocene and Neo-Pleistocene and modern loose sediments. The base of the identification of altitudinal zones of the landscape is layers of a relief. But the relief is a fairly static component of the landscape, its invariant structure change for tens or hundreds of thousands of years. To determine a more detailed and dynamic structure of the altitudinal zonation, we use other components: soils and vegetation. Changes in the invariant structure of the soil cover occur for thousands or tens of thousands of years, and of the vegetation cover – for hundreds or thousands of years. Features of the landscapes structure and characteristics of their main components allowed us to allocate six altitudinal zones in the testing area: goltsy altitudinal, subgoltsy altitudinal, low-mountain, foothill, foothill-plain, and coastal-plain. The intrazonal landscapes of transverse mountain river valleys, which violate the normal structure of the altitudinal zonation, are singled out as a separate type.
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Botequilha-Leitão, André, and Emilio Diáz-Varela. "An alternative planning paradigm for coastal landscapes and tourism. Spatial metrics as indicators for planning coastal tourism landscapes." Tourism & Management Studies 14, no. 1 (2018): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18089/tms.2018.14104.
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ZHANG, Ruiying, Jianchao XI, and Nan ZHANG. "Study on the Landscape Pattern of Dalian Jinshitan National Holiday Resort in the Context of Tourism Urbanization." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 05, no. 03 (2017): 1750018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s234574811750018x.
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Resort-based urbanization is an important form of tourism urbanization. The paper analyzes the basic characteristics and diversity of landscape elements under the influence of the tourist development of Jinshitan National Holiday Resort (JNHR), discusses the changes in the spatial distribution of landscapes, and reveals how landscapes have changed under the influence of the tourism development of JNHR. The study shows that the whole landscape at Jinshitan has undergone a process from fragmentation to integration in the context of manmade tourism development and interference. As more tourism projects are developed, supporting infrastructures and facilities are continuously improved. Landscapes in Jinshitan have been vigorously developed in depth and extended from coastal area to inland area. As shown by the changing spatial distribution of relocated and commercial housing estates since 1992, there have been differences in the location, living environment and available landscapes between the housing estates, indicating the heterogeneity of social space and inequality in the living environment.
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Mesfin, Isis, Maria-Helena Benjamim, Anne-Elisabeth Lebatard, et al. "Evidence for Earlier Stone Age ‘coastal use’: The site of Dungo IV, Benguela Province, Angola." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (2023): e0278775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278775.
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The relationship between Earlier Stone Age (ESA) hominins and the southern African coastal environment has been poorly investigated, despite the high concentration of open-air sites in marine and fluvial terraces of the coastal plain from c. 1Ma onward during the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Southern Africa provides some of the earliest evidence of coastal subsistence strategies since the end of the Middle Pleistocene, during the Middle Stone Age (MSA). These coastal MSA sites showcase the role of coastal environments in the emergence and development of modern human behaviors. Given the high prevalence of coastal ESA sites throughout the region, we seek to question the relationship between hominins and coastal landscapes much earlier in time. In this regard, the +100 m raised beaches of the Benguela Province, Angola, are key areas as they are well-preserved and contain a dense record of prehistoric occupation from the beginning of the Middle Pleistocene, including sites like Dungo, Mormolo, Sombreiro, Macaca and Punta das Vacas. Accordingly, this paper provides a critical review of the coastal ESA record of southern Africa and a detailed presentation of the Dungo IV site, through a qualitative technological analysis coupled with a quantitative inter-site comparison with contemporary southern African coastal plain sites. Through our detailed technological analyses, we highlight the influence of coastal lithological resources on the technical behaviors of hominin groups, and we propose the existence of a “regional adaptive strategy” in a coastal landscape more than 600 000 years ago. Finally, we argue for the integration of coastal landscapes into hominins’ territories, suggesting that adaptation to coastal environments is actually a slower process which begins with “territorialization” well before the emergence and development of Homo sapiens.
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Ismaylov, M. "STRUCTURAL AND GENETIC FEATURES AND TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LANDSCAPES OF THE CASPIAN PLAINS ZONE (SOUTH-EAST-SHIRVAN, SALYAN AND LANKARAN)." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 74 (2019): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2019.74.16.
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The article describes the two main groups of factors influencing the modern landscape dynamics: natural and anthropogenic. The anthropogenic factors involved in landscape dynamics are more intense than natural factors. Natural factors mainly determine the direction of the dynamics of landscapes. In the structural-genetic relation the current state of landscapes of a zone of Caspian plains differs in exclusive dynamism and intensively increasing anthropogenic loading. In general, the coastal flat landscapes of the explored territory which left from under water in recent times in connection with late geology – geomorphology processes, have a relatively young pleistocene-golotsen age. In the structural- genetic relation the current state of landscapes of a zone of Caspian plains differs in exclusive dynamism and intensively increasing anthropogenic loading. In general, the coastal flat landscapes of the explored territory which left from under water in recent times in connection with late geology processes, have a relatively young pleistocene-golotsen age. Development of extensive and intensive rural economy led to strong change of a vegetable cover here that complicates a research of cause and effect communications between vegetable areas and regularities of zone distribution of other components of landscapes. Now on the Lankaran lowland of the wood remained only in the form of fragments. By our calculations, for the last 100 years woodiness of the Lankaran lowland decreased almost by 4-5 times. Basic changes of the forest areas Lankaran plains and replacement with their same agrotsenoza or afforestations consisting of one – two tree species (a kashtanolisty oak, a pine, a poplar, etc.), considerably strengthened integration of specific structure and level structure of a vegetable cover. Deforestation, drainage of swamps, increase in zones of resettlement and population density, growth of acreage, fluctuation of level of the Caspian Sea were also the reasons of decrease in number and structure of primary fauna of the Caspian plain.
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Bell, Susan S., and Bradley T. Furman. "Seascapes are landscapes after all; Comment on Manderson (2016): Seascapes are not landscapes: an analysis performed using Bernhard Riemann's rules. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 73:1831–1838." ICES Journal of Marine Science 74, no. 8 (2017): 2276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx070.
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Abstract Recently, Manderson (2016, Seascapes are not landscapes: an analysis performed using Bernhard Riemann's rules: ICES Journal of Marine Science, 73: 1831-1838) argued that landscape ecology approaches developed in terrestrial habitats have little practical application for the study of marine “seascapes”. Here, we offer a contrasting perspective to this over-generalization. We first focus on historical uses of the term “seascape” to delineate the wide range of habitats that have been designated as such. After providing a brief overview of the study of seascape ecology, we argue that concepts and methodology originating from terrestrial disciplines have, in fact, provided an important cornerstone for investigating the dynamics of nearshore marine ecosystems. We present examples of coastal seascape research that have successfully applied terrestrial landscape theory and revisit points raised by Manderson regarding the application of landscape approaches to the marine environment. Overall, we contend that Manderson’s thesis may apply to some, but not most, use of landscape constructs for investigating aquatic environments. Moreover, we suggest that the study of coastal landscapes will continue to yield valuable insight into the spatiotemporal workings of aquatic ecosystems, and that this particular avenue of ecological investigation will only increase in its relevance as human impacts intensify.
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Ivanova, Nina, Olga Ganzha, Vyacheslav Prokopenko, and Alexandra Artyukhina. "Architectural and ecological integration of postindustrial landscapes revitalization into socially oriented space of the embankment." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 01032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819301032.
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The architectural and ecological model of civil engineering of socially oriented spaces of coastal landscape aimed at providing comfortable vital environment, development of the greatest possible variety of city activities, solution of environmental and social problems of the city, and development of the embankment as a self-valuable fragment of well-arranged natural landscape is substantiated. The research objective is the development of methodical bases for the process of architectural revitalization of postindustrial coastal landscape. The researchers utilize the methods of system analysis, reviewing of design practice, analysis of available scientific databases as well as referential and normative resources. The methods of modeling and experimental projecting were also used in the study. Architectural proposals on integration of the revitalized postindustrial coastal areas into socially oriented area of the Volgograd embankment are presented. The analysis of the experience in building and recovery of postindustrial landscapes of river basins is preformed to substantiate the proposed architectural and ecological principles of revitalization, "tree of properties" with the definition of environment quality indicator, the sequence of stages in planning of socially oriented area of the city embankment, and experimental project on integration of the studied coastal area into the vital space of the city of Volgograd.
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Peterson, Mark S., and Michael J. Andres. "Progress on Research Regarding Ecology and Biodiversity of Coastal Fisheries and Nektonic Species and Their Habitats within Coastal Landscapes." Diversity 13, no. 4 (2021): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13040168.
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This paper aims to highlight the new research and significant advances in our understanding of links between coastal habitat quality/quantity/diversity and the diversity of fisheries species and other mobile aquatic species (hereafter nekton) that use them within coastal landscapes. This topic is quite diverse owing to the myriad of habitat types found in coastal marine waters and the variety of life history strategies fisheries species and nekton use in these environments. Thus, we focus our review on five selective but relevant topics, habitat templates, essential fish habitat, habitat mosaics/habitat connectivity, transitory/ephemeral habitat, and the emerging/maturing approaches to the study of fish-habitat systems as a roadmap to its development. We have highlighted selected important contributions in the progress made on each topic to better identify and quantify landscape scale interactions between living biota and structured habitats set within a dynamic landscape.
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Maslakov, Alexey, Larisa Zotova, Nina Komova, Mikhail Grishchenko, Dmitry Zamolodchikov, and Gennady Zelensky. "Vulnerability of the Permafrost Landscapes in the Eastern Chukotka Coastal Plains to Human Impact and Climate Change." Land 10, no. 5 (2021): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10050445.
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Permafrost landscapes are particularly susceptible to the observed climate change due to the presence of ice in the ground. This paper presents the results of the mapping and assessment of landscapes and their vulnerability to potential human impact and further climate change in the remote region of Eastern Chukotka. The combination of field studies and remote sensing data analysis allowed us to identify the distribution of landscapes within the study polygon, reveal the factors determining their stability, and classify them by vulnerability to the external impacts using a hazard index, H. In total, 33 landscapes characterized by unique combinations of vegetation cover, soil type, relief, and ground composition were detected within the 172 km2 study polygon. The most stable landscapes of the study polygon occupy 31.7% of the polygon area; they are the slopes and tops of mountains covered with stony-lichen tundra, alpine meadows, and the leveled summit areas of the fourth glacial-marine terrace. The most unstable areas cover 19.2% of the study area and are represented by depressions, drainage hollows, waterlogged areas, and places of caterpillar vehicle passage within the terraces and water-glacial plain. The methods of assessment and mapping of the landscape vulnerability presented in this study are quite flexible and can be adapted to other permafrost regions.
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Imene, Laouar. "Cultural Landscapes Preservation at the Interface of Urban Planning and Sprawl." International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development 6, no. 2 (2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/essd.v6i2.836.
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From ancient times, the sea has played a key role in shaping and generating settlements and cities. The history of civilizations has been marked by the cultural development of human societies along coastlines. Accordingly, these territories are harbor of an important coastal heritage; that plays a pivotal role in maintaining the link between the past and the future. In fact, while cities grow and their populations increase, their planning becomes a challenge for sustainable development. Through different forms and mechanisms, coastal sprawl is materialized, by the massive occupation of populations and industrial activities along coastlines. In this vein, coastlines endure many conflicts, which lead to the degradation of cultural and natural resources and may result in loss of cultural identity associated with the presence of cultural landscapes. The paper aims, to discuss planning approaches and challenges related to managing cultural and coastal landscapes, facing the impact of coastal sprawl. The paper is based on a landscape analysis; it interviews the urban, social, juridical and morphological frame. An understanding of urban sprawl through the lens of Annaba’s coastline is required for its implication as a social support of the identity and the history of the city. The paper also examines how the coastalization affects the cultural heritage based on the monograph of one of the valuable French colonial constructions in Algeria. Lastly, the study demonstrates, some key opportunities for advancing future adjustments, and coastal management approaches. For instance, new tools and more appropriate methodologies that combine the preservation of the coastline and the preservation of the cultural heritage.
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Han, Huiqing, Zhihua Su, and Guangbin Yang. "Variations of Habitat Quality and Ecological Risk and Their Correlations with Landscape Metrics in a Robust Human Disturbed Coastal Region—Case Study: Xinggang Town in Southern China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (2023): 2837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042837.
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This paper explores how landscape risk and habitat quality vary in coastal areas with strong anthropogenic disturbance based on a case study. We analyze the temporal–spatial variations of habitat quality and ecological risk in the coastal region by adopting the methods of theInVEST model and the ecological risk index. The correlations of habitat quality and ecological risk with landscape metrics are subsequently quantified. The results indicated the presence of obvious distance gradients in relation to the deterioration of habitat quality and the increase in ecological risk. Moreover, the gradient area close to the coastline exhibits significant habitat quality and ecological risk changes. The majority of landscape metrics show positive correlations with habitat quality and ecological risk, and these correlations vary with the distance gradients. Since the rapid urbanization of the coastal region, the marked expansion of built-up land and decrease in natural landscapes has significantly impacted the landscape pattern index and, consequently, changed the habitat quality and ecological risk level.
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Munizaga, Juan, Mariano García, Fernando Ureta, Vanessa Novoa, Octavio Rojas, and Carolina Rojas. "Mapping Coastal Wetlands Using Satellite Imagery and Machine Learning in a Highly Urbanized Landscape." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (2022): 5700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095700.
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Coastal wetlands areas are heterogeneous, highly dynamic areas with complex interactions between terrestrial and marine ecosystems, making them essential for the biosphere and the development of human activities. Remote sensing offers a robust and cost-efficient mean to monitor coastal landscapes. In this paper, we evaluate the potential of using high resolution satellite imagery to classify land cover in a coastal area in Concepción, Chile, using a machine learning (ML) approach. Two machine learning algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF), were evaluated using four different scenarios: (I) using original spectral bands; (II) incorporating spectral indices; (III) adding texture metrics derived from the grey-level covariance co-occurrence matrix (GLCM); and (IV) including topographic variables derived from a digital terrain model. Both methods stand out for their excellent results, reaching an average overall accuracy of 88% for support vector machine and 90% for random forest. However, it is statistically shown that random forest performs better on this type of landscape. Furthermore, incorporating Digital Terrain Model (DTM)-derived metrics and texture measures was critical for the substantial improvement of SVM and RF. Although DTM did not increase the accuracy in SVM, this study makes a methodological contribution to the monitoring and mapping of water bodies’ landscapes in coastal cities with weak governance and data scarcity in coastal management.
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Kennedy, Rebecca S. H., and Thomas A. Spies. "An assessment of dead wood patterns and their relationships with biophysical characteristics in two landscapes with different disturbance histories in coastal Oregon, USA." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 5 (2007): 940–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-298.
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Understanding the relative importance of landscape history, topography, vegetation, and climate to dead wood patterns is important for assessing pattern–process relationships related to dead wood and associated biodiversity. We sampled dead wood at four topographic positions in two landscapes (1400–2100 km2) that experienced different wildfire and salvage histories in coastal Oregon. Study objectives were to (i) determine whether and how the landscapes differed in dead wood amounts and characteristics and (ii) evaluate relationships between dead wood characteristics and potentially related biophysical variables associated with historical and current vegetation, topography, climate, soils, and ecoregion. Despite differences in history, the two landscapes differed little in total dead wood volume; however, they differed in dead wood volume by structural type, decay class, and source (legacy/nonlegacy). Dead wood varied by topographic position, and topography was of greatest importance compared with other factors. In this mountainous region, upper topographic positions may be source areas for dead wood and riparian areas and streams sinks for dead wood. Climate explained more variance in dead wood in the landscape that burned earlier and was not salvaged. Landscape-scale patterns of dead wood are evident in landscapes with different disturbance histories and despite finer-scale variation in topography, vegetation, and other biophysical attributes.
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Van der Velde, Rene, Michiel Pouderoijen, Janneke Van Bergen, et al. "Building with landscape." Research in Urbanism Series 7 (February 18, 2021): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/rius.7.131.
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The multi-dimensionality of BwN calls for the incorporation of ‘designerly ways of knowing and doing’ from other fields involved in this new trans-disciplinary approach. The transition out of a focus on rational design paradigms towards reflective design paradigms such as those employed in the spatial design disciplines may be a first step in this process. By extension, the knowledge base and design methodologies of BwN may be critically expanded by drawing on ways of knowing and doing in spatial design disciplines such as landscape architecture, which elaborates the agency of the term ‘landscape’ as counterpart to the term ‘nature’. Operative perspectives and related methodologies in this discipline such as perception, anamnesis, multi-scalar thinking, and process design resonate with specific themes in the BwN approach such as design of/with natural processes, integration of functions or layers in the territory and the connection of engineering works to human-social contexts. A series of installations realised for the Oerol festival on the island of Terschelling between 2011 and 2018 serve as case studies to elaborate potential transfers and thematic elaborations towards BwN. In these projects inter-disciplinary teams of students, researchers and lecturers developed temporary landscape installations in a coastal landscape setting. Themes emerging from these project include ‘mapping coastal landscapes as complex natures’, ‘mapping as design-generative device’, ‘crowd-mapping’, ‘people-place relationships’, ‘co-creation’, ‘narrating coastal landscapes’, ‘public interaction’ and ‘aesthetic experience’. Specific aspects of these themes relevant to the knowledge base and methodologies of BwN, include integration of sites and their contexts through descriptive and projective mappings, understanding the various spatial and temporal scales of a territory as complex natures, and the integration of collective narratives and aesthetic experiences of coastal infrastructures in the design process, via reflective dialogues.
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Chen, Yueying, and Wenbin Wei. "Alterations of Historic Rural Landscape Based on the Multifunctional Approach: The Case of Coastal Fishing Villages in the Yangtze River Basin." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (2022): 7451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127451.
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The historic landscape is an important component of a village, and the alteration of villages is a necessary process of development. To analyze characteristics of historic rural landscape alterations and the reasons behind them, this study utilized a landscape multifunctional approach and a comprehensive methodology comprising space syntax and field investigations. This study divides the historic rural landscape into two types, ecology-led and production-led patterns, which validate the relationship among ecology, social properties, and cultural connotation in space, offering a new perspective on the alteration of historic rural landscapes. Our findings indicate the interaction among ecology, production, and lives, both diachronically and synchronically, and suggest that it is possible to maintain ecological harmony, functional transformation, and the inheritance of cultural connotation through improving historic rural landscapes.
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Hidalgo, Carlos, Francisco Ther, Gonzalo Saavedra, and Asunción Díaz. "Affordance of landscapes and economic socio-spatial networks in the Quinchao archipelago, Chile: a contribution to landscape research and island studies." Island Studies Journal 10, no. 1 (2015): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.320.
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This article presents research which analyzes landscape transformation, using an interdisciplinary approach embedded in an archipelagic context. The investigation unfolds in Quinchao, a cluster of ten islands of the Quinchao Department, Chiloé archipelago, Región de Los Lagos, Chile. The investigation gathers reflections from such disciplines as anthropology, geography, biology and psychology which share similar reflections on the configuration of landscapes as an affordance or enabled property of the human-in-ecosystem assemblage. Ethnographic interpretations and Social Network Analysis of fieldwork data are used to propose a theoretical framework for the investigation of coastal and marine landscapes in archipelagic contexts.
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Ismayilov, M. J. "Anthropogenic transformation of landscapes in arid climate conditions and their risks." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 31, no. 4 (2023): 653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112261.
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 The article represents the outcomes of our study materials on the branch of technogenic transformation of landscapes based on scientific methods. We have analyzed landscape ele- ments, such as relief, climate, vegetation, dynamics of forests, precipitations and etc. We classify the anthropogenic activities in the study area. Consequently, we have determined risks and problems in the landscapes of the coastal zone of the Caspian Sea due to human impact. Transformation characterizes of Salyan and Lankaran, South-eastern Shirvan plains due to anthropogenic effects have been researched in the article. Dynamic analyzes of old and modern topo maps, satellite images, surveys of older people let to determine transformation degrees and development levels of natural and natural-an- thropogenic landscapes. Ecosystems of the protected areas are compared with landscapes undergoing anthropogenic impacts based on the analogy method. NDVI, dynamic of technogenic landscapes, forest ecosystem maps allow the creation of an anthropogenic transformation map of the study area. We divided the investigation into 5 parts due to the transformation degrees: unchanged landscapes that retain their natural structure, poorly transformed landscapes, medium transformed landscapes, strongly transformed landscapes, natural-technogenic landscapes. Risks and hazards are then assessed. We have prepared a system of measures to overcome environmental risks and hazards.
 
 
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Adhya, Tiasa, and Partha Dey. "A coastal population of Honey Badger Mellivora capensis at Chilika Lagoon in the Indian east coast." Journal of Threatened Taxa 14, no. 10 (2022): 22026–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.8067.14.10.22026-22028.
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We report the presence of the Honey Badger Mellivora capensis from Chilika lagoon, state of Odisha, on the Indian East coast for the first time. Despite being catholic in its habitat choice, it is mainly associated with more arid landscapes comprising savanna, shrubland and desert. Chilika is a coastal lagoon drained by river Mahanadi, and, is situated in the Northern Deccan Plateau ecoregion, which is characterized by dry deciduous forests situated in the rain shadow of the Eastern Ghats mountain range. Chilika is mainly a wet landscape with many portions experiencing seasonal inundation. The lagoon probably gives refuge to an extension of the Eastern Ghats Honey Badger population.
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Holdsworth, Deryck W., and Glenda Laws. "LANDSCAPES OF OLD AGE IN COASTAL BRITISH COLUMBIA." Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien 38, no. 2 (1994): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.1994.tb01674.x.
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Wang, Yang, Yun Yu, Shuhang You, and Ying Lin. "Public Landscape Design for Residential Neighborhood in Coastal Areas." Environmental and Earth Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 4 (2020): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/eesrj.070408.
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The quality of public landscape design for residential neighborhood has a direct impact on the living comfort of the neighborhood and the life quality of the residents. To improve our citizens’ living standards, this paper summarizes the current status and ideas of public landscape design for residential neighborhood in Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China, with the landscape design scheme of Qiaosi-II River as an example, this paper gives a discussion on the strategies for the public landscape design of environmental-friendly residential neighborhood in coastal areas, and the research results show that there are many problems with the public landscape environment in the residential neighborhood of Hangzhou city, to cope with these problems, this paper proposes a few detailed countermeasures for the public landscape design of multi-story and high-rise residential building neighborhood. From a global view, the landscape design scheme of Qiaosi-II River is an integrated design scheme of buildings and landscapes in various regions such as commercial area, health care area, fitness area, green area, and play area for kids, etc. The research in this paper provides a theoretical basis for the public landscape design of safe, comfortable, and livable residential neighborhood in coastal areas.
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Peeters, Hans. "Coastal archaeologies: settlement on the changing North Sea littoral." Antiquity 91, no. 358 (2017): 1095–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2017.93.
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Over the past decade or so, the submerged prehistoric archaeology and landscapes in the area that is known to us today as the North Sea have received increasing attention from both archaeologists and earth scientists. For too long, this body of water was perceived as a socio-cultural obstacle between the prehistoric Continent and the British Isles, the rising sea level a threat to coastal settlers, and the North Sea floor itself an inaccessible submerged landscape. Notwithstanding the many pertinent and pervasive problems that the archaeology of the North Sea still needs to overcome, recent research has made clear that these rather uninspiring beliefs are misplaced.
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Alexandrakis, George, Stelios Petrakis, and Nikolaos A. Kampanis. "Integrating Geomorphological Data, Geochronology and Archaeological Evidence for Coastal Landscape Reconstruction, the Case of Ammoudara Beach, Crete." Water 13, no. 9 (2021): 1269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091269.
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Understanding the processes that govern the transformation of the landscape through time is essential for exploring the evolution of a coastal area. Coastal landscapes are dynamic sites, with their evolution strongly linked with waves and sea level variations. Geomorphological features in the coastal area, such as beachrock formations and dune fields, can function as indicators of the coastal landscape evolution through time. However, our knowledge of the chronological framework of coastal deposits in the Aegean coasts is limited. Optically Stimulated Luminescence dating techniques are deemed to be very promising in direct dating of the coastal sediments, especially when they are linked with archaeological evidence. The dating of the sediments from different sediment core depths, determined by the method of luminosity, allowed us to calculate the rate of sediment deposition over time. More recent coastal evolution and stability were examined from 1945 to 2020 with the use of aerial photographs and satellite images. This paper presents the 6000 ka evolution of a coastal landscape based on geomorphological, archaeological, and radio-chronological data. Based on the results, the early stages of the Ammoudara beach dune field appears to have been formed ~9.0–9.6 ka BP, while the OSL ages from 6 m depth represented the timing of its stabilization (OSL ages ~5–6 ka). This indicates that the dune field appears to already have been formed long before the Bronze Age (5–10 ka BP). It became stabilized with only localized episodes of dune reactivation occurring. In contrast, while high coastal erosion rates were calculated for modern times.
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Shen, Lan, Yueying Li, Siren Lan, and Minfeng Yao. "Social Benefits Evaluation of Rural Micro-Landscapes in Southeastern Coastal Towns of China—The Case of Jinjiang, Fujian." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (2022): 8036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14138036.
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Faced with the current situation of the decay and alienation of traditional public space and the broken and disorderly spatial structure caused by the rapid urbanization of the Chinese countryside, rural micro-landscape creation has become an effective way to improve human living environments. However, it is currently difficult for rural micro-landscape construction to achieve the sustainable development of social benefits due to the lack of scientific design guidelines. Evaluating the social benefits of completed projects and identifying the important influencing factors are key to realizing the evidence-based design of rural micro-landscapes. To this end, this study deduces the mechanism of social benefit generation based on the psychological process of spatial perception and establishes a structural equation model containing compound influence pathways to measure the social benefits of micro-landscapes. The evaluation model consists of four latent variables, “physical element characteristics”, “perceptual quality”, “cognitive experience”, and “activity behavior”, and 35 observed variables. The researchers selected 18 micro-landscape areas in Jinjiang City, Fujian Province, China, as the survey sample and analyzed the influence of the potential variables and the explanatory power of the observed variables through a quantitative analysis of objective environmental elements and perception data from 102 respondents. The results showed that “perceptual quality” and “cognitive experience” had the greatest direct effect on social benefits, and, based on the progressive influence relationships among the dimensions, “physical element characteristics” dominated the total social benefits through direct and indirect means. Compared with single-function green space, comfortable and diverse artificial facilities encourage residents to enter and use micro-landscapes and contribute to their social benefits. The purpose of this paper is to explore the ideal form of rural micro-landscape creation and provide a theoretical basis for the future practice of high-quality and sustainable rural micro-landscape construction.
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Hilton, Michael, Richard Walter, Karen Greig, and Teresa Konlechner. "Burial, erosion, and transformation of archaeological landscapes." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 42, no. 5 (2018): 607–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133318795844.
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A high proportion of archaeological sites are located on the world’s shorelines and recent research has documented the vulnerability of these sites to coastal processes and climate change. However, archaeological landscapes on many temperate coasts have already been degraded as a result of changes in dune dynamics related to changes in dune vegetation. These changes have produced marked spatial and temporal variations in patterns of burial and erosion in transgressive dune systems. This paper examines the modification and conservation of archaeological landscapes from a biogeomorphic perspective, using the example of marram grass ( Ammophila arenaria) invasion of dune systems in southern New Zealand. The impact of marram grass on dune system dynamics and the underlying archaeological landscape are complex. Full invasion may result in the general burial and protection of these landscapes, but the risk of degradation of sites is high during the invasion process. In southern New Zealand, marram invasion has resulted in the formation of stable foredunes, often associated with coastal progradation. Archaeological sites located close to the shoreline can be subject to either burial or erosion, or both, as marram grass establishes in the foredune zone. The spatial relationship between cultural sites and the shoreline may be lost as the coast progrades. The impact of marram invasion can extend throughout the hinterland dune system as a result of (i) dune mobility triggered by marram grass invasion and (ii) the development of a negative sand budget, which prevents or reduces beach-foredune-dune system sand exchange. The risk of degradation of the archaeological landscape can be significantly heighted by marram invasion, which can have profound implications for the preservation and interpretation of archaeological sites and materials. Paradoxically, dune system restoration may lead to the re-exposure of these sites, but the principal outcome of dune system restoration is expected to be a decline erosion (manifest as in deflation surfaces) and reburial of the archaeological landscape.
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Lazarus, Eli D., Kirstin L. Davenport, and Ana Matias. "Dynamic allometry in coastal overwash morphology." Earth Surface Dynamics 8, no. 1 (2020): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-37-2020.
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Abstract. Allometry refers to a physical principle in which geometric (and/or metabolic) characteristics of an object or organism are correlated to its size. Allometric scaling relationships typically manifest as power laws. In geomorphic contexts, scaling relationships are a quantitative signature of organization, structure, or regularity in a landscape, even if the mechanistic processes responsible for creating such a pattern are unclear. Despite the ubiquity and variety of scaling relationships in physical landscapes, the emergence and development of these relationships tend to be difficult to observe – either because the spatial and/or temporal scales over which they evolve are so great or because the conditions that drive them are so dangerous (e.g. an extreme hazard event). Here, we use a physical experiment to examine dynamic allometry in overwash morphology along a model coastal barrier. We document the emergence of a canonical scaling law for length versus area in overwash deposits (washover). Comparing the experimental features, formed during a single forcing event, to 5 decades of change in real washover morphology from the Ria Formosa barrier system, in southern Portugal, we find differences between patterns of morphometric change at the event scale versus longer timescales. Our results may help inform and test process-based coastal morphodynamic models, which typically use statistical distributions and scaling laws to underpin empirical or semi-empirical parameters at fundamental levels of model architecture. More broadly, this work dovetails with theory for landscape evolution more commonly associated with fluvial and alluvial terrain, offering new evidence from a coastal setting that a landscape may reflect characteristics associated with an equilibrium or steady-state condition even when features within that landscape do not.
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Petrişor, Alexandru-Ionuţ, Walid Hamma, Huu Duy Nguyen, et al. "Degradation of Coastlines under the Pressure of Urbanization and Tourism: Evidence on the Change of Land Systems from Europe, Asia and Africa." Land 9, no. 8 (2020): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9080275.
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The importance of studying coastal areas is justified by their resources, ecosystem services, and key role played in socio-economic development. Coastal landscapes are subject to increasing demands and pressures, requiring in-depth analyses for finding appropriate tools or policies for a sustainable landscape management. The present study addresses this issue globally, based on case studies from three continents: Romania (Europe), Algeria (Africa), and Vietnam (Asia), focusing on the anthropogenic pressure resulting from land use/land cover change or urban sprawl, taking into account the role of socioeconomic and political factors. The methodology consisted of producing maps and computing and analyzing indicators, correlating geospatial and socio-economic data in a synergistic manner to explore the changes of landscapes, and identify the specific driving forces. The findings show that the pressure of urbanization and tourism on coastal areas increased, while the drivers and impacts vary. Urbanization is due to derogatory planning in Romania and Algeria, and different national and local goals in Vietnam. The two drivers determine local exemptions from the national regulations, made for profit. In addition to the need for developing and enforcing policies for stopping the degradation and restoring the ecosystems, the findings underline the importance of international cooperation in policy development.
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Ejarque, Ana, Ramon Julià, Pere Castanyer, Hector A. Orengo, Josep Maria Palet, and Santiago Riera. "Landscape footprints of peopling and colonisation from the Late Bronze Age to Antiquity in the coastal hinterland of Emporion-Emporiae, NE Iberia." Holocene 32, no. 4 (2022): 280–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09596836211066597.
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The Empordà plain attests to a remarkable mixture of Late-Holocene cultural exchanges and colonial processes. This includes the founding of Emporion, the earliest Greek colony in Iberia, and of the Roman city of Emporiae. This study aims at assessing landscape changes related to indigenous and colonial settlement in this unique scenario where the shaping of cultural landscapes occurred within a dynamic coastal ecosystem. We carried out a high-temporal resolution palaeoenvironmental study in Els Estanys, a palaeowetland located in the vicinity of Emporion-Emporiae. Palynological, sedimentological and geochemical indicators were coupled with available archaeological and archaeobotanical data-sets. Between 1100 and 800 cal BC, the settling of Urnfield Late Bronze societies resulted in the sustained clearance of woodlands and moderate agropastoral exploitation of coastal ranges. During this period, marine-influenced lagoonal areas were poorly exploited. During the Iron Age (800–450 cal BC), a threshold in the landscape construction of the area occurred with the first pastoral exploitation of lagoonal areas, intensified cereal cultivation, controlled burning, and enhanced deforestation following the settlement of Iberian groups. Greek colonisation (580–200 cal BC), did not trigger intensified farming exploitation or landscape clearance, nor did it imply the introduction of new land uses or crops in the hinterland. Exploitation of the latter continued relying on cereal cultivation and grazing, as before, suggesting the permanence of indigenous landscapes and practices in the hinterland. To the contrary, urban and periurban landscapes played a significant role in the construction of the colonial landscape with the introduction of olive groves likely as ornamental trees. Roman conquest and colonisation of the area constituted a new threshold in the occupation and management of the hinterland with (1) intensified rural settlement; (2) expansion of wet pastures and removal of littoral woodlands; (3) development of diversified cropping activities; and (4) development of mining and smelting activities.
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Kuznetsov, Evgeny, Anna Khadzhidi, Larisa Motornaya, Kharlampiy Kilidi, Maxim Filimonov, and Lyudmila Kravchenko. "Method of restorating water level of small rivers." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127305007.
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The article presents method for restoring the water level of small rivers that are subjected to degradation on the example of section of the Meklet River. To assess the degradation of rivers, there is proposed method based on maintaining balance between bottom sediments removed from the riverbed and the water volume in the prism of coastal landscape flooding during high water. The methodology for calculating the amount of silt shifting can be used to monitor the state of river beds. When forming coastline on inconvenient coastal landscapes as enclosing structures, the method allows the use of flexible tanker shells filled with excavated bottom sediments.
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Wang, Jinyue, Jing Liu, and Longhui Li. "Detecting Photovoltaic Installations in Diverse Landscapes Using Open Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data." Remote Sensing 14, no. 24 (2022): 6296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14246296.
Full textAbstract:
Solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation is a vital renewable energy to achieve carbon neutrality. Previous studies which explored mapping PV using open satellite data mainly focus in remote areas. However, the complexity of land cover types can bring much difficulty in PV identification. This study investigated detecting PV in diverse landscapes using freely accessible remote sensing data, aiming to evaluate the transferability of PV detection between rural and urbanized coastal area. We developed a random forest-based PV classifier on Google Earth Engine in two provinces of China. Various features including Sentinel-2 reflectance, Sentinel-1 polarization, spectral indices and their corresponding textures were constructed. Thereafter, features with high permutation importance were retained. Three classification schemes with different training and test samples were, respectively, conducted. Finally, the VIIRS nighttime light data were utilized to refine the initial results. Manually collected samples and existing PV database were used to evaluate the accuracy of our method. The results revealed that the top three important features in detecting PV were the sum average texture of three bands (NDBI, VV, and VH). We found the classifier trained in highly urbanized coastal landscape with multiple PV types was more transferable (OA = 97.24%, kappa = 0.94), whereas the classifier trained in rural landscape with simple PV types was erroneous when applied vice versa (OA = 68.84%, kappa = 0.44). The highest accuracy was achieved when using training samples from both regions as expected (OA = 98.90%, kappa = 0.98). Our method recalled more than 94% PV in most existing databases. In particular, our method has a stronger detection ability of PV installed above water surface, which is often missing in existing PV databases. From this study, we found two main types of errors in mapping PV, including the bare rocks and mountain shadows in natural landscapes and the roofing polyethylene materials in urban settlements. In conclusion, the PV classifier trained in highly urbanized coastal landscapes with multiple PV types is more accurate than the classifier trained in rural landscapes. The VIIRS nighttime light data contribute greatly to remove PV detection errors caused by bare rocks and mountain shadows. The finding in our study can provide reference values for future large area PV monitoring.
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Jamieson, Stewart S. R., Chris R. Stokes, Neil Ross, et al. "The glacial geomorphology of the Antarctic ice sheet bed." Antarctic Science 26, no. 6 (2014): 724–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102014000212.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn 1976, David Sugden and Brian John developed a classification for Antarctic landscapes of glacial erosion based upon exposed and eroded coastal topography, providing insight into the past glacial dynamics of the Antarctic ice sheets. We extend this classification to cover the continental interior of Antarctica by analysing the hypsometry of the subglacial landscape using a recently released dataset of bed topography (BEDMAP2). We used the existing classification as a basis for first developing a low-resolution description of landscape evolution under the ice sheet before building a more detailed classification of patterns of glacial erosion. Our key finding is that a more widespread distribution of ancient, preserved alpine landscapes may survive beneath the Antarctic ice sheets than has been previously recognized. Furthermore, the findings suggest that landscapes of selective erosion exist further inland than might be expected, and may reflect the presence of thinner, less extensive ice in the past. Much of the selective nature of erosion may be controlled by pre-glacial topography, and especially by the large-scale tectonic structure and fluvial valley network. The hypotheses of landscape evolution presented here can be tested by future surveys of the Antarctic ice sheet bed.