Journal articles on the topic 'Coastal zone management Water quality Environmental protection'

In order to effectively manage the wide variety of physical, chemical biological and ecological processes in a sensitive coastal environment such as the Black Sea, current environmental management objectives are no longer sufficient: a new management approach has to address the intimate functional linkage between the river basin and the costal environment. Current water quality legislation requires compliance to emission levels based on the chemical analysis of water samples taken at discharge points, such as treatment plants discharging into rivers. While such measures provide a relative indication of the water quality at the point of discharge, they fail to describe accurately and sufficiently the quality of the water received from the watershed or basin. As water flows through the catchment, rainfall run-off from urban and agricultural areas carries sediments, pesticides, and other chemicals into river systems, which lead to coastal waters. The impact of the Kosovo crisis on the Danube ecosystems provides a poignant example of the effects of such diffused pollution mechanisms and reveals a number of interesting pollution mechanisms. This paper discusses both the effects of diffused pollution on the Black Sea, drawing from state-of-the-art reports on the Danube, and proposes a framework for a decision support system based on distributed hydrological and pollution transport simulation models and GIS. The use of ecological health indicators and fuzzy inference supporting decisions on regional planning within this framework is also advocated. It is also argued that even the recently produced GEF document on Black Sea protection scenarios should benefit significantly if the concept of pollution reduction from both urban, industrial and rural areas should undergo a systematic conceptual update in the view of the recent recommendations of the UNEP IETC (2000) document.

The environmental impact of the engineering project was taken into account when carrying out comprehensive studies of shore protection engineering measures for the Lazurnoye region of the Kherson region of Ukraine on the north-western coast of the Black Sea. The optimal configuration of hydrotechnical structures are choosen to protect the beach in the region of the incoming wave impact. The entire coastline of the Lazurnoye region is about 3000 meters. In the course of modelling and numerical experiments, the transfer of bottom sediments to the coast, the evolution of the coastline and beaches, and other coastal processes were studied. The project of comprehensive coastal protection of the Lazurnoye region, presented on the basis of mathematical and hydraulic modelling, has allowed the development of engineering solutions that meet coastal protection and environmental requirements. The most expedient variant of coastal protective measures was the creation of a system of the beachprotected structures capes from sections of the permeable slope-steps designs with wave damping chambers. The presented research results and the solution of many problems of the dynamics of the coastal zone of the sea can be considered as an attempt to manage coastal processes on rather large and complex sections of the coast with a joint solution to the problems of hydraulic engineering, management of water quality in the coastal zone of the sea, and the choice of optimal options with the least impact on the environment.

Water quality regulation is an important ecosystem service function of soil. In this study, the mechanism by which soil regulates water quality was reviewed, and the effects of soil management on water quality were explored. A scientometrics analysis was also conducted to explore the research fields and hotspots of water quality regulation of soil in the past 5 years. This review found that the pollutants entering the soil can be mitigated by precipitation, adsorption and desorption, ion exchange, redox and metabolic decomposition. As an optimal substrate, soil in constructed wetlands has perfect performance in the adsorption and passivation of pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in water, and degradation of pesticides and emerging contaminants. Mangrove wetlands play an important role in coastal zone protection and coastal water quality restoration. However, the excessive application of agricultural chemicals causes soil overload, which leads to the occurrence of agricultural non-point source pollution. Under the dual pressures of climate change and food insecurity in the future, developing environmentally friendly and economically feasible sustainable soil management measures is crucial for maintaining the water purification function of soil by relying on the accurate quantification of soil function based on big data and modelling. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People’.

Bontang is a crowded with residential and industrial activities which produce heat waste into surrounding waters. This condition may cause environmental problems, and changes in water condition. Knowledge about dynamics of physic and chemical waters condition in Bontang city is very important as an effort to address environmental issues as part of coastal zone management and protection. The aim of this research is to understand hydrodynamic characteristics (tide and current) and the influence to distribution of physics and chemical in Bontang waters base on primary data (current and tide during one month, physics and chemicals waters data taken by in situ) and secondary data (bathymetry and tide forecasting). Hydrodynamic simulation is based on MIKE 21 and supported by CD-Oceanography and WR plot. The results show that the current is dominant move toward the Southwest and Northeast with current speed ranged from 0-0,22 m.s-1. The results of hydrodynamic simulation in the surface water show that the current move base on tide movement with current speed ranged from 0-0,24 m.s-1. The results of physic and chemical concentration is analysed by ArcGIS 10 to know spatial distribution of all parameters. Surface temperature ranged from 29-31,8oC, surface density ranged from 20-20,6 ppm, salinity ranged from 33,1-33,5 ppm, dissolve oxygen concentration ranged from 0,078-0,11 ppm. Distribution of all physic and chemical parameters is influenced by current and tide movement. Keywords: current, numerical model, water quality, Bontang waters

Economic policies that ensure efficient allocation of resources is a necessary, but not a sufficient condition for creating appropriate environmental incentives. Environment-specific policies are also needed to correct market failures leading to environment problems. Two types of policies can be used to deal with environmental problems—command and control policies and incentive- or market-based policies. Command and control policies involve government mandating of environmental quality standards on emissions, technology type, or input use. Incentive- or market-based policies use prices to try to affect pollution and resource use. Despite the advantages of marketbased approaches, Pakistan, like many other countries, mostly followed control policies. But these policies have often failed to achieve results because regulating institutions lack the financial and technical resources to implement these policies effectively. Pakistan’s brown environmental problems include industrial waste water pollution, domestic waste water pollution, motor vehicle emissions, urban and industrial air pollution, and marine and coastal zone pollution. Economic policy failures are contributing significantly to many of these problems. Green environmental problems affect irrigated agriculture, rainfed agriculture, forests, and rangelands. In irrigated agriculture, economic policies, such as subsidies on irrigation water, have provided incentives for farmers to over use water in their production practices, thereby exacerbating the problem of waterlogging and salinity. Deforestation and rangeland degradation have resulted, in part, due to lack of property rights in communal forests and lack of incentive for local communities to participate in forest management decisions.

SUMMARYFisheries in Puerto Rico and the United States (US) Virgin Islands are predominately dependent on nearshore coral reef ecosystems and have suffered from historical overfishing. The unique characteristics of reef fisheries, including strong habitat dependence, susceptibility to coastal impacts, diffuse landing sites and strong multispecies and multigear interactions suggest that standard approaches to fisheries management, especially those typically considered by the US Regional Fishery Management Councils, would not be applicable. Current management authority is split between local and federal agencies; however, there exists no uniform context and direction to current management initiatives, which results in lost efficiencies and opportunities. Proposed here is a new vision for fisheries management that takes into consideration the local ecological and socioeconomic characteristics of fishing, is compatible with regional resources and capacity, is ecosystem based and targets full stakeholder participation. Only an ecosystem-based approach can lead fisheries management out of the trap of unrealistic data collection and analysis demands, while at the same time refocusing emphasis away from attitudes and practices that promote overfishing. Management must be based on first principles regarding the desired state of the ecosystem and initiate strategies based on these principles. The key management goal is not to maximize fisheries catch, but to maintain the ecosystem in a state that will lead to sustained production. First principles would include maintaining ecosystem integrity and function, protecting all habitats and water quality, applying the precautionary approach, monitoring reference points and recognizing that production has limits. Resulting management tactics include marine reserves (to meet multiple goals), closed spawning aggregations, gear restrictions to maintain trophic balance and habitats, targeted data collection and assessments, adopting co-management practices and using ecosystem or community-based metrics. Fisheries management must fully incorporate the tools, resources and methods available within coastal zone management and other environmental agencies, while standards within those programmes must protect ecosystem health. Implementation will require attending to structural barriers inherent within existing fisheries legislation and regulations, multiple jurisdictions and the current cultures of scientists, managers and fisherfolk. Initial efforts should focus on developing a common language and frame of reference for all stakeholders.

Coastal territories are one of the most dynamically developing regions. Sea resorts focused on recreational and tourist activities are developing especially quickly. For such territories, their ecological status, especially the quality of coastal zone water resources, plays an important role in their sustainable development. Analysis of physical factors of water exchange and assessment of water resources quality of the coastal zone of the sea, including in closed and semi-enclosed water areas, was carried out. It has been shown that water exchange is the most important factor in the management of the quality of marine waters of partially enclosed coastal areas. 0-dimensional and system-dynamic models were used to analyze water exchange in the coastal zone of the sea. Results of studies made it possible to assess the circulation of coastal marine waters and the change in certain indicators of the quality of water resources, including in the presence of various coastal protection construction.

Sea resort areas are currently one of the most successful developing regions. At the same time, the ecological condition of such regions is important, especially those that specialize in the provision of recreational and tourist services. The quality of coastal water resources played an important role in the sustainable development of those coastal tourist areas. Analysis of physical factors of water exchange was carried out and assessment of water resources quality of the coastal zone of the sea was made, including in closed and semi-enclosed water areas. It has been shown that water exchange is the most important factor in the management of the quality of marine waters of partially enclosed coastal areas. The results of the studies made it possible to assess the circulation of coastal marine waters and the change in certain indicators of water quality, including in the presence of various coastal protection facilities, based on 0-dimensional and system-dynamic models. The results obtained can be used to predict the state of water resources in coastal territories.

Some of the world's most valuable aquatic ecosystems such as deltas, lagoons and estuaries are located in the coastal zone. However, the coastal zone and its aquatic ecosystems are in many places under environmental stress from human activities. About 50% of the human population lives within 200 km of the coastline, and the population density is increasing every day. In addition, the majority of urban centres are located in the coastal zone. It is commonly known that there are important linkages between the activities in the upstream river basins and the environment conditions in the downstream coastal zones. Changes in river flows, e.g. caused by irrigation, hydropower and water supply, have changed salinity in estuaries and lagoons. Land use changes, such as intensified agricultural activities and urban and industrial development, cause increasing loads of nutrients and a variety of chemicals resulting in considerable adverse impacts in the coastal zones. It is recognised that the solution to such problems calls for an integrated approach. Therefore, the terms Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) are increasingly in focus on the international agenda. Unfortunately, the concepts of IWRM and ICZM are mostly being developed independently from each other by separate management bodies using their own individual approaches and tools. The present paper describes how modelling tools can be used to link IWRM and ICZM. It draws a line from the traditional sectoral use of models for the Istanbul Master Planning and assessment of the water quality and ecological impact in the Bosphorus Strait and the Black Sea 10 years ago, to the most recent use of models in a Water Framework Directive (WFD) context for one of the selected Pilot River Basins in Denmark used for testing of the WFD Guidance Documents.

This paper suggests an approach to solve the Indian coastal water quality management problem based on waste load allocation studies and application of modelling techniques. The waste load allocation procedure suggested in this paper assists in deriving a quantitative relationship between the waste load discharged and the receiving coastal water concentrations or effects of concern as presented by water quality standards. The approach sequentially addresses the topics of hydrodynamics, mass transport, water quality kinetics and problems of bioaccumulation and toxicity. The water quality modelling section describes the role of water quality modelling in WLA procedure. The paper also discusses the criteria and procedures for formulation of coastal zone management plans. The second part of the paper illustrates the concept with the help of brief case studies wherein simple screening procedures and the water quality modeling techniques have been applied. The first case study describes the application of the WASP model to arrive at the level of treatment required for municipal wastewater being discharged into Mumbai coastal waters so that the designated coastal water quality criteria is not violated and the degree of treatment is optimized. The second case study deals with the study of different options relating to disposal of tailings from an iron ore beneficiation plant keeping in view the impact of these tailings on marine water quality and ecology.

A better understanding and prediction of the dynamic processes that govern the coastal zone is the topic of the current paper; in particular, a deep investigation of the coastal processes that affect the shoreline dynamic and flood inundation risk is carried out at the Annunziata river mouth area (Italy). The Annunziata River is situated in the Northern part of Reggio Calabria city; it is, at the same time, a source of danger and an important environmental and hydrological resource for Reggio Calabria, since on the right side there is the city port and on the left side there is the public beach. The protection and management of coastal areas should be supported by a deep knowledge of the interaction between water motion and seabed topography, which affects the natural response of coastal systems to changes in external conditions and to human interferences. This work tries to analyze the coastal morphology through the use of some recent models based on spectral theory.

In South Africa the ultimate goal in water quality management is to keep the water resources suitable for all “beneficial uses”. Beneficial uses provides a basis for the derivation of water quality guidelines, which, for South Africa, are defined in Water quality guidelines for the South African coastal zone (DWAF, 1991). The CSIR has developed a practical approach to marine water quality management, taking into account international trends and local experience, which can be applied to any coastal development with potential influence on water quality. The management plan is divided into three logical components, i.e. • site-specific statutory requirements and environmental objectives; • system design with specific reference to influences on water quality; and • monitoring programmes. Within this management approach water quality issues are addressed in a holistic manner, through focused procedures and clear identification of information requirements. This paper describes the procedures and information requirements within each component of the water quality management plan, with specific reference to marine disposal systems. Ideally, the management plan should be implemented from the feasibility and conceptual design phase of a development and the timing of the different procedures within the development process are therefore also highlighted. However, the logical lay-out of procedures allows for easy initiation (even to existing disposal system) at any stage of development.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) released the Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters on January 14, 1993. This document is EPA's technical guidance on the best affordable ways to reduce or prevent nonpoint source (NPS) pollution in the coastal zone. The authors believe that it is currently the most comprehensive summary of best management practices (BMPs) available. The guidance contains BMPs for the control of NPS pollution from agriculture, forestry, urban areas, marinas, and hydromodification (channels, dams, and stream and shoreline erosion). Wetlands, riparian areas, and vegetated treatment systems are addressed in the guidance as additional options to control nonpoint pollution. The guidance also includes monitoring and compliance tracking techniques to accompany the management measures. EPA and NOAA are developing approaches to help states, local governments, and affected parties understand and use the technical guidance in their coastal nonpoint source programs. Although final decisions have not yet been made, this paper summarizes the current thinking regarding this technical assistance.

The aim of this paper is to present some results of bacterial studies which were developed by IFREMER in coastal discharge areas of urban wastewaters; they are focused on the determination of bacterial inputs by wastewater treatment plants, the role of environmental factors on the enteric bacteria survival in the coastal zone, and the modelling of bacteria transport and disappearance in order to provide useful management information for minimizing faecal pollution in the coastal zone.

Water wise use and conservation is one of the key prerequisites for economic sustainable development. Accession to the European Union, Latvia is committed to meeting the EU environmental requirements. Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC, 2000) is a legal act, which provides water protection and sustainable management principles and tasks of the European Union. It provides uniform protection and management system for all waters: rivers, lakes, coastal waters and groundwater, providing that they must also achieve good water quality by 2015. year. The Directive provides for the identification of the current water situation and to obtain additional information by following the water monitoring and for basic background information to establish an action program to improve water quality. Therefore, the Latvian conditions are important to assess the flow of nutrients, their sources and amounts of Latvian detention basins using existing models and innovations in methods and model systems for the retention of part of the calculation. Therefore, in this publication are offered in various countries of the world models will be useful in Latvian processing of data.

Conflicting water uses in coastal zones demand integrated approaches to achieve sustainable water resources management, protecting water quality while allowing those human activities which rely upon aquatic ecosystem services to thrive. This case study shows that the creation and simple management of hydraulic structures within constructed wetlands can markedly reduce the non-point pollution from agriculture and, simultaneously, benefit agricultural activities, particularly during hot and dry periods. The Vallevecchia wetland system is based on a reclaimed 900 ha-large drainage basin in Northern Italy, where droughts recently impacted agriculture causing water scarcity and saltwater intrusion. Rainwater and drained water are recirculated inside the system to limit saltwater intrusion, provide irrigation water during dry periods and reduce the agricultural nutrient loads discharged into the bordering, eutrophic Adriatic Sea. Monitoring (2003–2009) of water quality and flows highlights that the construction (ended in 2005) of a gated spillway to control the outflow, and of a 200,000 m3 basin for water storage, dramatically increased the removal of nutrients within the system. Strikingly, this improvement was achieved with a minimal management effort, e.g. each year the storage basin was filled once: a simple management of the hydraulic structures would greatly enhance the system efficiency, and store more water to irrigate and limit saltwater intrusion.

Can Gio mangrove forest (CGM) is located downstream of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), situated between an estuarine system of Dong Nai - Sai Gon river and a part of Vam Co river. The CGM is the largest restored mangrove forest in Vietnam and the UNESCO’s Mangrove Biosphere Reserve. The CGM has been gradually facing to numeric challenges of global climate change, environmental degradation and socio-economic development for the last decades. To evaluate sediment quality in the CGM, we collected 13 cores to analyze for sediment grain size, organic matter content, and trace element concentration of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn. Results showed that trace element concentrations ranged from uncontaminated (Cd, Cu, and Zn) to very minor contaminated (Cr, Ni, and Pb). The concentrations were gradually influenced by suspended particle size and the mangrove plants.ReferencesAnh M.T., Chi D.H., Vinh N.N., Loan T.T., Triet L.M., Slootenb K.B.-V., Tarradellas J., 2003. 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River management has frequently been associated with water supply and resource management, whereas coastal zone management has been more concerned with marine resource management and physical planning. Recognizing the close connection between the river and its catchment area has led to a more integrated approach to river basin management, taking into account water quality along with quantity. Similarly, recognition of the importance of integrated management of the coastal zone as a move towards achieving sustainable development, has led to integrated coastal zone management, with expansion of the domain in both landward and seaward directions. Considering the intrinsic link through physical and ecological structure as well as related physical and biological processes, any modification in a river basin will ultimately affect the coastal zone. Land-based activities, rivers, estuaries, coastal zones and marine environments are all inherently interlinked. As such, an integrated approach to the concomitant management of coastal zones and river basins is crucial. This paper provides an overview of various concepts, approaches and strategies to integrated coastal zone and river basin management. It points out lessons that could be learned from previous and ongoing projects. The paper provides a starting point for investigating how changes in land use and management of river basins might have an impact on the quality of river water and the corresponding coastal zone through scrutinization of management tools and implementation instruments. The paper identifies a requirement further to develop tools which will assist in evaluating current and future environmental conditions at a river/estuary/sea interface within a rigorous framework.

The study on tourism environment impact on coastal area has been a hot spot for coastal ecological environment research in our country. Based on grey recognition mode, this Paper analyzes the water environment quality of Shanghai Hangzhou Bay north shore coastal artificial bathing place in the spatial-temporal perspectives and researches the impacts of coastal tourism activities on water environment. The research results reveal that: (1) Coastal artificial bathing place is beneficial for protecting and improving coastal water environmental quality and different management modes on coastal artificial bathing place present different temporal features on protection of coastal water body; (2) In tourist peak season, environmental management improves the surrounding water environmental quality of artificial bathing place; (3) In the same coastal artificial bathing place, with different water body purification technologies and different influence mechanism, the tourism activities shows different levels of impact on water environment.

One of the tasks of sustainable water-quality and resources management must be to resolve conflicts between its demands and those of agriculture and ecology. In most industrial countries, there are conflicts between the different requirements of water supply, i.e. water quality, and those of agriculture and the conservation of wetlands, i.e. water quantity. Solving these conflicts means a reorganisation of land use. A non-governmental committee has initiated a voluntary compromise program for the water-protection zone of the Donauried. On the basis of criteria assessing the significance of areas of land, a plan for the reorganisation of land use has been developed. Moreover, an action plan has been prepared; it includes steps for reducing nitrate, a program for reducing land-use intensity, a concept for re-wetting bog areas and an investigation into measures for optimising local water resources using a numerical groundwater model. This was accompanied by an economic evaluation of the measures.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency is committed to developing new recreational water quality criteria for coastal waters by 2012 to provide increased protection to swimmers. We review the uncertainties and shortcomings of the current recreational water quality criteria, describe critical research needs for the development of new criteria, as well as recommend a path forward for new criteria development. We believe that among the most needed research needs are the completion of epidemiology studies in tropical waters and in waters adversely impacted by urban runoff and animal feces, as well as studies aimed to validate the use of models for indicator and pathogen concentration and health risk predictions.

The quantity and quality of water available for irrigation is variable from place to place in India. There are regions where the farmers have no access to any surface water body, nor do they have any ground water source yielding water of acceptable quality for irrigation. In some of the coastal areas, neither surface water nor ground water of acceptable quality may be available. In such areas, setting up an industry and transporting good quality surface water from long distances to the site may be useful for farmers in the adjacent areas; the treated wastewater from the industry may constitute a dependable source for irrigation. This paper gives a brief account of some of these peculiar situations. Whatever the situation, it is necessary that the water used for irrigation is of an acceptable quality for the crop concerned, growing on the soil of the site. For a given crop, during its growth cycle, it is essential that the concentration of the soil solution around the root zone with regard to dissolved solids and specific ions, does not exceed the tolerance limit for the crop. The tolerance limits for various crops are different, representing 8- to 10-fold variation. Soil type and meteorological parameters of the site, for a given irrigation scheduling, also govern as to what will be the maximum soil solution concentration during the growth cycle of the crop. For a given crop, given soil and prevailing climate, the quality of irrigation water and management ultimately determine this maximum level. At a given place, the type of soil and meteorological parameters cannot be managed by human beings. The farmer can, however, exercise some control on the quality of irrigation water by selecting an appropriate source or changing the quality by dilution and/or he can make certain changes in the agronomic control and crop selection. In this paper, an attempt has been made to describe a few more important irrigation water quality criteria which will be easy for the users to follow and arrive at a decision on management, agronomic controls including crop selection, and search for an alternative water source of acceptable quality. This paper also describes a few cases of application of the irrigation water quality criteria in helping to make relevant decisions.

Regional Sediment Management (RSM) is a planning approach that seeks to address coastal sediment processes on a broader geographic scale. It recognizes that sand, cobble, and fine sediment are important natural resources that are critical to the environmental health and economic vitality of the coastal zone. The relevant sediment processes overlap multiple geopolitical boundaries which explains why a regional planning perspective is needed. To be effective a comprehensive road map is needed to addresses how to conserve and restore the valuable sediment resources, reduce shoreline erosion and coastal storm damages, protect sensitive environmental resources, increase natural sediment supply to the coast, preserve and enhance beaches, improve water quality along the shoreline, and optimize the beneficial use of material dredged from ports, harbors, and other opportunistic sediment sources. The plan that was prepared for the diverse 144-mile long Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties coastline was developed systematically using traditional planning processes to understand the baseline science and relevant physical processes; identify the challenges that currently exist and the corresponding opportunities that can be seized to positively move forward; and formulate appropriate action plans and solutions that have unanimity of purpose. It is demonstrated that in order to be technically, environmentally, economically, and politically effective regional sediment management plans should consist of a suite of diverse study, management, policy, and capital project activities.

This article is the result of a research conducted in the Zubov State Oceanological Institute during 2014-2019. The research was aimed at studying the coastal dynamics, as well as evaluating the quality of waters of the Onega Lake and the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on it. Those factors were considered and characterized, the most important of them, in addition to human activity, are the solid flow of rivers and the flow from abrasion processes. Seven types of coasts were identified for the Onega Lake, each of which has its own characteristics of dynamic processes and the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on water quality. The dynamics of the coasts were analyzed both in the course of field studies and using mathematical modeling methods, which allowed revealing the main tendencies in the dynamics of the coasts. Pollutants entering the Lake and affecting the quality of water are also divided by origin into natural, anthropogenic and mixed genesis pollutants. Special attention is paid to the natural sources of pollution, since they are considered in the available literature to the least extent. Natural origin pollutants include, in particular, the majority of heavy metals, which concentrations for various sites were determined during the research.

The city of Varna, like many other coastal cities along the Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea, has a lot of problems related to the environmental protection for many years, including those with coastal zone management. Recently, the coastal slope problems due to land-slides apeared as very urgent and difficult to be solved. This paper describes a method to solve some of the problems by analysing the data collected. A data layer representing the complete hydrologic network including transport lines through slopes, lakes, streams, rivers, is a necessary component of many hydrologic and coastal applications. The coastal area of the city has significant importance - sea ports, resorts, cargo terminals. Most of them add environmental problems to the Black Sea in adjacent territories and the region as a whole. The attempt described is to solve these problems on the ground. This paper describes a process to analyse the area specific geographical data for a decision. Making a front-end application using ESRI's ArcView 3.0a/Avenue, user-friendly procedures were prepared to automate most of the functions. This application generates maps using data collected during the last two years. The data acquisition is performed according to the Bulgarian standards. Converting procedures are created and tested as well. Finally, a technology for updating data is approved.

The article proves that a systematic approach to the urban organization of coastal areas includes complex environmental and recreational tasks. The study examines in detail the need to create a comprehensive strategy for the restoration of the coastal zone. The complex of measures is substantiated, among which the activation of water protection functions of coastal areas, rehabilitation of disturbed territories, use of recreational and town-planning potential of coastal territories for formation of recreational base along water area, development of integrated system of management of processes of coastal zones and integration of ecosystems.
 The work separately highlights the possibility of creating a recreational cluster that will ensure the continuity of the natural framework, given the multi-vector formation of the urban environment. It is established, that the connection of the recreational cluster with the suburban green strip and water area will create a pedestrian recreational corridor in the city and beyond, as well as contribute to the greening of the city and influence the modeling of ecological infrastructure.

Further understanding the mechanisms of landscape–water interactions is of great importance to water quality management in the Xitiaoxi catchment. Pearson's correlation analysis, stepwise multiple regression and redundancy analysis were adopted in this study to investigate the relation between water quality and landscape at the sub-catchment and 200 m riparian zone scales during dry and wet seasons. Landscape was characterized by natural environmental factors, land use patterns and four selected landscape configuration metrics. The obtained results indicated that land use categories of urban and forest were dominant landscape attributes, which influenced water quality. Natural environment and landscape configuration were overwhelmed due to land management activities and hydrologic conditions. In general, the landscape of the 200 m riparian zone appeared to have slightly greater influence on water than did the sub-catchment, and water quality was slightly better explained by all landscape attributes in the wet season than in the dry season. The results suggested that management efforts aimed at maintaining and restoring river water quality should currently focus on the protection of riparian zones and the development of an updated long-term continuous data set and higher resolution digital maps to discuss the minimum width of the riparian zone necessary to protect water quality.

The concept of resilience has taken root in the discourse of environmental management, especially regarding Building with Nature strategies for embedding natural physical and ecological dynamics into engineered interventions in developed coastal zones. Resilience is seen as a desirable quality, and coastal management policy and practice are increasingly aimed at maximising it. Despite its ubiquity, resilience remains ambiguous and poorly defined in management contexts. What is coastal resilience? And what does it mean in settings where natural environmental dynamics have been supplanted by human-dominated systems? Here, we revisit the complexities of coastal resilience as a concept, a term, and a prospective goal for environmental management. We consider examples of resilience in natural and built coastal environments, and offer a revised, formal definition of coastal resilience with a holistic scope and emphasis on systemic functionality: “Coastal resilience is the capacity of the socioeconomic and natural systems in the coastal environment to cope with disturbances, induced by factors such as sea level rise, extreme events and human impacts, by adapting whilst maintaining their essential functions.” Against a backdrop of climate change impacts, achieving both socioeconomic and natural resilience in coastal environments in the long-term (>50 years) is very costly. Cost trade-offs among management aims and objectives mean that enhancement of socioeconomic resilience typically comes at the expense of natural resilience, and vice versa. We suggest that for practical purposes, optimising resilience might be a more realistic goal of coastal zone management.

Environmental monitoring is fundamental in assessing environmental quality and to fulfill protection and management measures with permit conditions. However, coastal environmental monitoring work faces many problems and challenges, including the fact that monitoring information cannot be linked up with evaluation, monitoring data cannot well reflect the current coastal environmental condition, and monitoring activities are limited by cost constraints. For these reasons, protection and management measures cannot be developed and implemented well by policy makers who intend to solve this issue. In this paper, Quanzhou Bay in southeastern China was selected as a case study; and the Kriging method and a geographic information system were employed to evaluate and optimize the existing monitoring network in a semienclosed bay. This study used coastal environmental monitoring data from 15 sites (including COD, DIN, and PO4-P) to adequately analyze the water quality from 2009 to 2012 by applying the Trophic State Index. The monitoring network in Quanzhou Bay was evaluated and optimized, with the number of sites increased from 15 to 24, and the monitoring precision improved by 32.9%. The results demonstrated that the proposed advanced monitoring network optimization was appropriate for environmental monitoring in Quanzhou Bay. It might provide technical support for coastal management and pollutant reduction in similar areas.

An environmental study was conducted as a part of coastal water quality management for Laem Chabang Deep-Sea Port. It was revealed that the existing seawater quality at Laem Chabang area is generally well within standards for unpolluted seawater, making it suitable for fishing and recreation. Environmental impact assessment of the different activities to be carried out in relation to the Laem Chabang port development indicated that the following significant impacts on the marine environment can be anticipated: (1) direct damage to biological organisms by resuspension of organics due to disturbance of marine habitat during dredging/reclamation and breakwater/pier construction; (2) creation of high turbidity by disposal of dredge spoil which disturbs and/or smothers marine flora and fauna and, more importantly, poses the greatest threat to the tourism industry in Pattaya located about 12 km from the project site; (3) modification of the tidal current direction and velocity in the Laem Chabang bay as a result of dredging in the entrance channel, fairway and basin; (4) deterioration of seawater quality due to discharge of tapioca powder losses, domestic wastewater from port area and sewage from ships (5) destruction of the aesthetic aspects of the port waters and surrounding areas as a consequence of solid waste generation from cargo handling from ships. A number of strategies/measures for coastal water quality management to prevent or minimize the adverse impacts have been recommended. The proposed environmental protection program is necessarily justified considering the economic benefits to be gained by the country from port operations.

The article proves that a systematic approach to the urban organization of coastal areas includes complex environmental and recreational tasks. The study examines in detail the need to create a comprehensive strategy for the restoration of the coastal zone. The complex of measures is substantiated, among which the activation of water protection functions of coastal areas, rehabilitation of disturbed territories, use of recreational and town-planning potential of coastal territories for formation of recreational base along water area, development of integrated system of management of processes of coastal zones and integration of ecosystems. The work separately highlights the possibility of creating a recreational cluster that will ensure the continuity of the natural framework, given the multi-vector formation of the urban environment. It is established, that the connection of the recreational cluster with the suburban green strip and water area will create a pedestrian recreational corridor in the city and beyond, as well as contribute to the greening of the city and influence the modeling of ecological infrastructure.

Understanding the composition and fluxes of vadose zone soil water is extremely important to many environmental studies, and hence the monitoring of soil solution is of basic interest for different scientific and practical fields, including pedologic studies, water-use management, fate and transport of environmentally consequential pollutants, monitoring of disposal from mining and industries, nutrient management of agricultural and forest ecosystems, ecology, and environmental protection. Soil solution sampling techniques for effectively monitoring the quality and quantity of vadose zone soil pore water have been used to assess the persistence and transport of potential groundwater pollutants, assess the ecological and human health impact of such pollutants, and develope appropriate remediation strategies. However, there is still no consensus as to best techniques for soil solution collection at most field or laboratory soil conditions. The purpose of this review is to evaluate different laboratory and in-situ techniques of vadose zone soil solution sampling. This comprehensive review presents and discusses advantages and disadvantages of these techniques, problems and limitations of some of these techniques, proper installation, operation and pretreatment of samplers, interaction of pollutants with sampler materials, and proper selection of samplers under a wide range of potential pollutants measurements to provide a background and guidelines for the evaluation of recent developments.

This research was carried out in Tha Chin Watershed in the central part of Thailand with attempts to apply multidisciplinary knowledge for understanding ecosystem structure and response to anthropogenic pollution and natural impacts leading to a proposal for an appropriate zonation management approach for sustainable utilization of the area. Water quality status of the Tha Chin River and Estuary had been determined by analyzing ecological, hydrological, and coastal oceanographic information from recent field surveys (during March 2006 to November 2007) together with secondary data on irrigation, land utilization, and socio-economic status.Results indicated that the Tha Chin River and Estuary was eutrophic all year round. Almost 100% of the brackish to marine areas reflected strongly hypertrophic water condition during both dry and high-loading periods. High NH4+ and PO43− loads from surrounding agricultural land use, agro-industry, and community continuously flew into the aquatic environment. Deteriorated ecosystem was clearly observed by dramatically low DO levels (ca 1 mg/l) in riverine to coastal areas and Noctiluca and Ceratium red tide outbreaks occurred around tidal front closed to the estuary. Accordingly, fishery resources were significantly decreased. Some riverine benthic habitats became dominated by deposit-feeding worms e.g. Lumbriculus, Branchiura, and Tubifex, while estuarine benthic habitats reflected succession of polychaetes and small bivalves. Results on analysis on integrated ecosystem responses indicated that changing functions were significantly influenced by particulates and nutrients dynamics in the system.Based on the overall results, the Tha Chin River and Estuary should be divided into 4 zones (I: Upper freshwater zone; II: Middle freshwater zone; III Lower freshwater zone; and IV: Lowest brackish to marine zone) for further management schemes on water remediation. In this study, the importance of habitat morphology and water flow regimes was recognized. Moreover, nearshore extensive shrimp culture ponds, irrigation canals, and surrounding mangrove habitats belonging to local households seemed to act as effective natural water treatment system that can yet provide food resources in turns. These remediation-production integrated functions should be deserved depth considerations for water quality development of the Tha Chin areas.

One of the major problems in trying to design wastewater treatment schemes to protect bathing water for coastal communities with combined sewerage systems, is to ensure that discharges of storm water do not prejudice compliance with the requirements of the EC Bathing Water Directive. In order to develop an appropriate storm water management strategy for the Fylde coast it was necessary to integrate a number of mathematical models simulating the hydraulic behaviour of the sewerage system and the dispersion of discharges in the receiving waters. From the sewerage system modelling it was apparent that frequent discharges of storm water to the bathing waters could only be avoided by the provision of considerable additional storage in the system. By means of a suitably calibrated simplified sewer model it was possible to investigate the volumes of storm water generated by a 15 year record of local rainfall when different amounts of extra storage and different pumping regimes were employed. The results from these investigations were used to determine the probable concentrations of faecal bacteria in the coastal waters for each of the 15 bathing seasons and determine the percentage of time for which faecal coliform concentrations exceeded the Bathing Water directive standards for the model grid cells representing the identified bathing waters. As a result of the extensive integrated modelling programme for the Fylde coast it has been possible to design a base flow and storm water management system which should maximize the flow passed forward for treatment whilst also ensuring that there is just sufficient storage to ensure protection of the towns from flooding and the compliance of the beaches with the Bathing Water Directive standards.

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Coastline extraction is a fundamental work for coastal resource management and coastal environmental protection. Today, by using digital image processing techniques, coastline extraction can be done with remote sensing imagery systems. In this study, Landsat 8 Operational Land Imagery (OLI) data have been the main data source due to free access and sufficient spatial resolution for coast line extraction. This research is focused on determining the coastline length and measuring land area by using Landsat 8 OLI satellite image for Bodrum Peninsula, Turkey. Three commonly used methods have been applied in order to determine sea-land boundary line and its length, and area of the study area. The Automatic Water Extraction Index (AWEI), Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis Technique (ISODATA) unsupervised classification technique and on screen digitizing method was chosen for identification of coastal boundaries. Results of coastline length and land areas of Bodrum by using AWEI, ISODATA and on-screen digitizing are compared with each other. This study shows that with using optimal threshold value, AWEI can be used for coast line extraction method with coherently for Landsat 8 OLI satellite imagery. The overall results show that coastline extraction from satellite imagery can be done with sufficient accuracy using spectral water indices instead of time consuming on-screen digitizing.</p>

Aging wastewater collection and treatment systems have not received as much attention as other forms of infrastructure, even though they are vital to public health, economic growth, and environmental quality. Inflow and infiltration (I&I) are among potentially widespread problems facing central sewage collection and treatment systems, posing risks of sanitary system overflows (SSOs), system degradation, and water quality impairment, but remain poorly quantified. Whole-system analyses of I&I were conducted by regression analyses of system flow responses to rainfall and temperature for 93 wastewater treatment plants in 23 counties in eastern North Carolina, USA, a coastal plain region with high water tables and generally higher rainfalls than the continental interior. Statistically significant flow responses to rainfall were found in 92% of these systems, with 2-year average I&I values exceeding 10% of rainless system flow in over 40% of them. The effects of rainfall, which can be intense in this coastal region, have region-wide implications for sewer system performance and environmental management. The positive association between rainfall and excessive I&I parallels the effects of storm water runoff on water quality, in that excessive I&I can also drive SSOs, thus confounding water quality protection efforts.

Our study aims to identify the spatial characteristics of water quality and sediment conditions in relation to fisheries resources, since the productivity of fisheries resources is closely related to the ambient conditions of the resource areas. We collected water quality samples and sediment contaminants from twenty-one sites at Gwangyang Bay, Korea, in the summer of 2018. Our study sites covered the area from the Seomjin River estuary to the inner and outer bays. To spatially characterize physicochemical features of Gwangyang Bay, we used Self-Organizing Map (SOM), which is known as a robust and powerful tool of unsupervised neural networks for pattern recognition. The present environmental conditions of Gwangyang Bay were spatially characterized according to four different attributes of water quality and sediment contamination. From the results, we put emphasis on several interesting points: (i) the SOM manifests the dominant physicochemical attributes of each geographical zone associated with the patterns of water quality and sediment contamination; (ii) fish populations appear to be closely associated with their food sources (e.g., shrimps and crabs) as well as the ambient physicochemical conditions; and (iii) in the context of public health and ecosystem services, the SOM result can potentially offer guidance for fish consumption associated with sediment heavy metal contamination. The present study may have limitations in representing general features of Gwangyang Bay, given the inability of snapshot data to characterize a complex ecosystem. In this regard, consistent sampling and investigation are needed to capture spatial variation and to delineate the temporal dynamics of water quality, sediment contamination, and fish populations. However, the SOM application is helpful and useful as a first approximation of an environmental assessment for the effective management of fisheries resources.

Seaweed plays an important role in energy production in marine, coastal, and island ecosystems. The protection of seaweed beds is a key point for coastal ecosystem health, but the community characteristics, dominant species, and distribution of seaweed beds in the coastal waters of China are still unknown. Dividing seaweed beds based on their ecological function is also required for coastal ecosystem conservation, marine development, and utilization. We conducted ecological surveys on various types of ecosystems at approximately 50 sites dedicated to the conservation of seaweed bed biodiversity in China from 2018 to 2019. These seaweed beds were classified into different flora by water temperature and the attributes of the dominant species. The study showed that Sargassum dominated the coast of China. The coverage of the genus Undaria and the genus Laminaria in the coastal waters of Liaoning and Shandong was high and gradually decreased from Zhejiang to the south. The mean biomass of the seaweed beds along the coast of China was 7.29 kg/m2, and the mean coverage was 41.25%. The height and fresh weight of the dominant species gradually decreased with the decreasing latitude. The seaweed beds were distributed from the shallow water zone to the profundal zone along the coast from north to south, and the bathymetry of seaweed beds in Hainan was below 6 m. Based on the water temperature, the attributes of the seaweed beds, the temperature attributes of the dominant species, and the seaweed’s distribution, the seaweed beds in China can be specifically divided into temperate warm water types, subtropical warm water types, and tropical warm water types. This study is relevant to the development of regulations and directives to ensure biodiversity conservation and environmental sustainability.

Ensuring environmentally safe conditions for the use and development of coastal areas, which usually have a high level of urbanization, is an important engineering and socio-economic task, since it requires tak-ing into account environmental factors of natural and man-made environments when optimizing planning solutions for development and organization of activities. The work is devoted to the study and identification of areas of environmental risk in the current resort and recreational, residential and industrial areas, com-plex environmental conditions and prospects for the development of coastal areas of the Crimea (for exam-ple, recreational complexes of the southern coast of Crimea). When conducting research of problem areas, the structure of the drainage system, with an emphasis on stormwater, areas of municipal solid waste (MSW) and the impact of highways, has been studied in detail. Conducted researches allowed to establish for all in-vestigated water objects changes of water quality due to the flow of non-canalized domestic sewage, the storm sewers, sewage waters of individual small private enterprises, the unorganized surface drain during rains, a high recreational load on separate beaches. The highest level of pollution, including microbiological, coastal marine waters are observed when they are to several sources of pollution at the same time. Considered possi-ble measures to reduce or overcome negative processes in the environment. In order to improve the ecologi-cal condition and recreational value of coastal beaches, it is necessary to redistribute the flow of residents throughout the coastal zone, to solve the problems of water supply, sanitation of territories for the placement of solid waste and other waste, and to take preventive and technical measures for the protection of coastal recreational zones. The research results can be used in the development of projects for the reconstruction of the territory of coastal settlements of the southern coast of Crimea while ensuring environmental safety.

AbstractCoastal regions have historically represented a significant challenge for air quality investigations because of water–land boundary transition characteristics and a paucity of measurements available over water. Prior studies have identified the formation of high levels of ozone over water bodies, such as the Chesapeake Bay, that can potentially recirculate back over land to significantly impact populated areas. Earth-observing satellites and forecast models face challenges in capturing the coastal transition zone where small-scale meteorological dynamics are complex and large changes in pollutants can occur on very short spatial and temporal scales. An observation strategy is presented to synchronously measure pollutants “over land” and “over water” to provide a more complete picture of chemical gradients across coastal boundaries for both the needs of state and local environmental management and new remote sensing platforms. Intensive vertical profile information from ozone lidar systems and ozonesondes, obtained at two main sites, one over land and the other over water, are complemented by remote sensing and in situ observations of air quality from ground-based, airborne (both personned and unpersonned), and shipborne platforms. These observations, coupled with reliable chemical transport simulations, such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Air Quality Forecast Capability (NAQFC), are expected to lead to a more fully characterized and complete land–water interaction observing system that can be used to assess future geostationary air quality instruments, such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO), and current low-Earth-orbiting satellites, such as the European Space Agency’s Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5-P) with its Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI).

In recent years, due to unsustainable production methods and the demands of daily life, the water quality of the Yangtze River has deteriorated. In response to Yangtze River protection policy, and to protect and restore the ecological environment of the river, a two-dimensional model of the Jiangsu section was established to study the water environmental capacity (WEC) of 90 water environment functional zones. The WEC of the river in each city was calculated based on the results of the water environment functional zones. The results indicated that the total WECs of the study area for chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and total phosphorus (TP) were 251,198 t/year, 24,751 t/year, and 3251 t/year, respectively. Among the eight cities studied, Nanjing accounted for the largest proportion (25%) of pollutants discharged into the Yangtze River; Suzhou (11%) and Zhenjiang (12%) followed, and Wuxi contributed the least (0.4%). The results may help the government to control the discharge of pollutants by enterprises and sewage treatment plants, which would improve the water environment and effectively maintain the water ecological function. This research on the WEC of the Yangtze River may serve as a basis for pollution control and water quality management, and exemplifies WEC calculations of the world’s largest rivers.

The removal of microorganisms from the wastewater of municipal treatment plants is more and more in demand in order to comply with the effluents standards required for the ecotoxicological protection of the receiving water, especially to levels of seaside resorts and shellfish breeding marine areas. Therefore, in these sensitive coastal areas close to seaside resorts, the study of the bacteriological pollution of the effluents has become a priority because of the inefficiency of the traditional wastewater treatment processes for microbic contamination. The bacterial concentration levels of the effluents are usually about 106 germs per 100 ml. The aim of a disinfection unit is to reduce these germ counts to under 2000 germs per 100 ml to comply with the natural receiving water bacterial levels and in particular where the quality of the water is required for sea-bathing. Chlorination is commonly used in the disinfection of wastewater effluents, but it does present disadvantages such as the bactericide efficiency (global bacteria elimination rate and specific species resistivity rate) which is limited. The use and storage of chemical reagents is an operating constraint. The UV disinfection seems to be valid and efficient without any risk of toxicity in the effluent. This technique which does not require reagents is simple to maintain at low and medium flows; it is easily automated and continuously monitored. Firstly, this paper describes comparative results for the reduction rate of bacterial concentrations using the above mentioned two disinfection techniques : chlorination and UV. A full-scale chlorination unit has been installed at the wastewater treatment plant of Canet-en-Roussillon where the received pollution corresponds to 50000 population equivalents in summer. Two UV pilot-scale units have also been installed on site. The effluents are discharged into the river Têt, the plant is located a few hundred meters from the outfall into the Mediterranean Sea downstream from a great urban center and close to a famous seaside resort. Secondly, a survey of the impact of wastewater disinfection on the coastal area is carried out following, in particular, the bacteriological state of the beaches. If the first step of this study is to determine the efficiency of the disinfection to improve the quality of the effluent and to obtain the levels required for a seaside resort, it is also essential, in a second step, to extend the investigation to evaluate the relative impact of the disinfection on the global quality of the natural coastal water.

The evaluation of past and present anthropogenic impacts affecting the ecological quality status of transitional ecosystems is crucial from the perspective of protecting them from further deterioration, and to evaluate remediation and restoration measures. Contamination patterns of thick-lipped grey mullet from two Mediterranean coastal lagoons within a protected area in Italy were assessed and compared in order to evaluate their overall quality status and to collect information that can provide useful feedback on management choices aimed at enhancing environmental quality and biodiversity conservation. The quality status of the two lagoons was evaluated by an environmental assessment methodology based on indicators of direct and indirect human pressures, while a broad range of analyses were carried out to determine the presence and concentration of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and metals in fish muscle tissue. A good quality status resulted for both lagoons, and an overall limited anthropogenic impact in the surrounding area. This could account for POPs and metal contamination levels found in mullet, although limited, and relating to their patterns. The overlap of results achieved with the two evaluation approaches can provide support for management choices in Mediterranean lagoon environments, especially for those committed to the protection and conservation of biodiversity.

The article examines the main marketing approaches to the management of marketing activities on the basis of improving the economic and environmental cadastral mechanism. Inventories are described as a form of integrated presentation of information on specific natural resources and their rational economic use. The principles of conducting the marine economic-ecological cadastre are considered. Eco-marketing directions that allow the complex use of data from several cadastres that are important in developing plans for the economic, ecological and social development of the marine complex. The question of the concept of cadastre objects has a certain theoretical and great practical significance. From its correct decision depends the breadth of the factors that are subject to regulatory and legal regulation in the process of developing and maintaining the cadastre, the competence of government bodies that perform cadastral functions. The effectiveness of the legal regulation of marine cadastres is dependent on the structural and functional organization of state bodies of Ukraine, leading the cadastre, their law enforcement activities, the speed with which they comply with the established procedure for conducting marine economic and environmental cadastres. The concept of the formation of marine economic and environmental cadastres and potentials is aimed at improving the ecological situation in coastal areas, improving the living conditions of the population in the coastal zone, and meeting the needs of the population in high-quality ecologically safe marine resources. Eco-marketing activities in cadastre management open up wide opportunities in the field of legal regulation of relations on on-farm use and protection of marine resources.

Wood processing by-products such as bark of different wood species and hydrolysis lignin were applied as soil mulch. The lignin-based soil conditioner (LSC) representing a lignin-based polyelectrolyte complex with the different composition (a lignin/polymer mass ratio) was obtained under laboratory conditions and was intended to protect sandy soil from erosion by simultaneous application of a soil conditioner as an adhesive, mulch and plant seeds by hydroseeding. The study revealed the pronounced dependence of the properties of the treated wood-originated mulch on the wood species as well as on the composition, the applied concentration and the application rate of LSC. A comparison of the obtained results showed that the treated hydrolysis lignin was characterised by higher compressive strength, higher water resistance and lower moisture losses from sandy soil for a given LSC composition and application rate than the bark-based mulch. The conditioner concentrations don't have negative impact on the germination of seeds plants of the coastal dune zone.

Coastal management and water protection must provide acceptable water quality for shellfishing and tourist activities. To determine the impact of sewage on microbial water quality, engineers need to know the laws of bacterial reduction. In this study, experiments were performed with Escherichia coli in the laboratory and in situ (Atlantic and Mediterranean coast) using diffusion chambers at several depths. T90 was calculated from culturable bacterial counts over time. Establishing an abacus integrating the depth of water impacted by sewage and turbidity enabled us to calculate T90 from daily sunlight illuminations. Results obtained by cultures minimise health risks and yet viability and cellular integrity of E. coli remain, even under intense sunlight stress. When direct viable count is used to calculate a VT90, the results are dramatically higher and show how necessary – and difficult – it is to develop a concept which takes account of better understanding of sanitary risks in impact studies.

Industrial development within Canada’s boreal zone has increased in recent decades. Forest management activities, pulp and paper operations, electric power generation, mining, conventional oil and gas extraction, nonconventional oil sand development, and peat mining occur throughout the boreal zone with varying impacts on water resources. We review impacts of these industries on surface water, groundwater, and wetlands recognizing that heterogeneity in the dominance of different hydrologic processes (i.e., precipitation, evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge, and runoff generation) across the boreal zone influences the degree of impacts on water resources. Through the application of best management practices, forest certification programs, and science-based guidelines, timber, pulp and paper, and peat industries have reduced their impacts on water resources, although uncertainties remain about long-term recovery following disturbance. Hydroelectric power developments have moved toward reducing reservoir size and creating more natural flow regimes, although impacts of aging infrastructure and dam decommissioning is largely unknown. Mineral and metal mining industries have improved regulation and practices, but the legacy of abandoned mines across the boreal zone still presents an ongoing risk to water resources. Oil and gas industries, including non-conventional resources such as oil sands, is one of the largest industrial users of water and, while significant progress has been made in reducing water use, more work is needed to ensure the protection of water resources. All industries contribute to atmospheric deposition of pollutants that may eventually be released to downstream waters. Although most industrial sectors strive to improve their environmental performance with regards to water resources, disruptions to natural flow regimes and risks of degraded water quality exist at local to regional scales in the boreal zone. Addressing the emerging challenge of managing the expanding, intensifying, and cumulative effects of industries in conjunction with other stressors, such as climate change and atmospheric pollution, across the landscape will aid in preserving Canada’s rich endowment of water resources.