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Journal articles on the topic 'Coated tungsten carbide'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

KIDUNG TIRTAYASA, PUTRA PANGESTU, WAYAN DARMAWAN, DODI NANDIKA, IMAM WAHYUDI, LUMONGGA DUMASARI, and USUKI HIROSHI. "PERFORMANCE OF COATED TUNGSTEN CARBIDE IN MILLING COMPOSITE BOARDS." WOOD RESEARCH 66(4) 2021 66, no. 4 (September 9, 2021): 606–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/66.4.606620.

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The purpose of this research was to analyze the performance (wear resistance, surface roughness, chip formation, and noise level) of AlCrN, TiN, and TiAlN coated tungsten carbides in cutting composite boards. The composite boards of wood plastic composite, laminated veneer lumber, andorientedstrand board were cut by the coated tungsten carbide tools in a computer numerical control router. The results show that the differences in structure among the composite boards resulted in the difference in clearance wear, chip formation, surface roughness, and noise level phenomenon. The abrasive materials in wood plastic composite generated the highest clearance wear on the coated carbide tools tested. TiAlN coated carbide tool provided better wear resistance, smoother composite boards surfaces, and lower noise levels.

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2

SHIDA, Ryosuke, Masato OKADA, Hidehito WATANABE, and Masaaki OTSU. "Drilling of tungsten carbide using diamond coated carbide drill." Proceedings of The Manufacturing & Machine Tool Conference 2016.11 (2016): A35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemmt.2016.11.a35.

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3

Gou, Li, Ji Lei Zhu, Jun Guo Ran, and Suang Feng Yan. "Diamond Coated on Cobalt-Deficient Gradient Tungsten Carbide." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 1889–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.1889.

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In order to improve the adhesion between diamond coatings and cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) substrates, the diamond coatings were deposited on one kind of cobalt-deficient gradient WC-Co by the microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD). Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the diamond coatings. The results showed dense, well facet diamond coatings. The cobalt content at the surface of substrate was measured by electron probe microanalysis. It was found that Co did not largely move to the surface as usual with deposition time increasing compared with the conventional tungsten carbide; The cobalt content at the surface of substrate after deposition (about 1 wt %) was lower than before (3.42wt%), which improved diamond coating’s adhesion against the tungsten carbide substrate.

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4

Suwa, Haruhiko, Soushi Sakamoto, Masafumi Nagata, Kazuhiro Tezuka, and Tetsuo Samukawa. "Applicability of Diamond-Coated Tools for Ball End Milling of Sintered Tungsten Carbide." International Journal of Automation Technology 14, no. 1 (January 5, 2020): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2020.p0018.

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Sintered tungsten carbide which has high hardness and high heat resistance, has been widely used in molds and dies. Research on the development of a cutting technology for sintered tungsten carbide (sintered WC-Co alloy) has been pursued mainly with the use of a turning process. We focused on building an efficient milling method for sintered tungsten carbide by using diamond-coated ball end tools, and have investigated their basic properties under specific cutting conditions. This study extends our previous work by enhancing cutting distance in the milling of sintered tungsten carbide, especially that with a “fine” WC grain. The surface roughness of cut workpieces is evaluated from the point of view of the quality of surface roughness. A series of cutting experiments under different cutting conditions were carried out, and the possibility of deriving a suitable cutting condition for the ball end milling of sintered tungsten carbide is discussed.

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Chen, Tzung Ming, Yuan Ching Lin, and Jiun Nan Chen. "Analysis of Wear Behaviour of Sintering Carbide against DLC Coated and Nitriding Steel." Advanced Materials Research 579 (October 2012): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.579.60.

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In this paper, tribological behaviours for sintering carbides and DLC/nitride film are discussed. During the wear test, two types of hardened steel are setting to sliding against eight series of carbide specimens in order to compare the wear mode and evaluate the wear performance of sintering carbides, which are made by different process parameters. The experiment result shows that a density ratio of sintering carbide between 86% and 99% does not have obviously different effect on wear resistance. Moreover, molybdenum binder with high diffusibility can improve the wear performance of tungsten carbide, but wear performance of titanium carbide is dependent on the amount of nickel/cobalt binder, separately. On the other hand, SAE52100 substrate absorbs the heat of friction and maintains the coated diamond-like carbon film in an excellent wear performance.

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Fábián, Enikő Réka, and Richard Horváth. "Adhesion Behavior of PVD-coated Cutting Tools." Acta Materialia Transylvanica 3, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33924/amt-2020-02-01.

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Abstract Cutting with TiAlN or CrAlN tip PVD-coated tungsten carbide-based inserts manufactured by powder metallurgy, we found no significant difference in the wear behavior of inserts regardless of whether the insert was used in wet or dry conditions. We determined the adhesion properties of the coating layers with a scratch test and by Daimler–Benz test. On the tungsten-based carbide cutting tool, the thinner TiAlN coating showed slightly better adhesion than the thicker CrAlN coating.

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7

Wood, R. J. K., D. W. Wheeler, D. C. Lejeau, and B. G. Mellor. "Sand erosion performance of CVD boron carbide coated tungsten carbide." Wear 233-235 (December 1999): 134–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1648(99)00230-6.

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8

SUZUKI, Reiji, Masato OKADA, Hidehito WATANABE, and Masaaki OTSU. "End milling of tungsten carbide using diamond coated carbide tool." Proceedings of The Manufacturing & Machine Tool Conference 2016.11 (2016): A36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemmt.2016.11.a36.

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9

OKADA, Masato, Ryosuke SHIDA, Hidehito WATANABE, Takuya MIURA, and Masaaki OTSU. "Drilling of cemented tungsten carbide using diamond-coated carbide drill." Proceedings of The Manufacturing & Machine Tool Conference 2018.12 (2018): B14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemmt.2018.12.b14.

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10

Wada, Tadahiro, and Hiroyuki Hanyu. "Tool Wear of Aluminum/Chromium/Tungsten-Based-Coated Cemented Carbide in Cutting Hardened Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 798 (October 2015): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.798.377.

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An aluminum/chromium based coating film, called (Al,Cr)N coating film, has been developed. This coating film has a slightly more inferior critical scratch load and micro-hardness. Therefore, to improve both the scratch strength and micro-hardness of the (Al,Cr)N coating film, the cathode material of an alumi-num/chromium/tungsten target was used in adding the tungsten (W) to the cathode material of the alumi-num/chromium target. To clarify the effectiveness of the aluminum/chromium/tungsten-based coating film, we measured the thickness, micro-hardness and critical scratch strength of aluminum/chromium/tungsten-based coating film formed on the surface of a substrate of cemented carbide ISO K10 formed by the arc ion plating process. The hardened steel ASTM D2 was turned with the (Al,Cr,W)N, (Al,Cr,W)(C,N), (Al,Cr)N and the (Ti,Al)N coated cemented carbide tools. The tool wear of the coated cemented carbide tools was ex-perimentally investigated. The following results were obtained: (1) The micro-hardness of the (Al,Cr,W)N or (Al,Cr,W)(C,N), (Al,Cr)N coating film was 3110 HV0.25N or 3080 HV0.25N, respectively. (2) The critical scratch load of the (Al,Cr,W)(C,N) coating film was 123 N, which was much higher than that of the (Al,Cr)N or (Ti,Al)N coating film. (3) In cutting the hardened steel using (Al,Cr,W)(C,N) and (Ti,Al)N coated carbide tools, the wear progress of the (Al,Cr,W)(C,N) coated carbide tool was almost equivalent to that of the (Ti,Al)N coated carbide tool. The above results clarify that the aluminum/chromium/tungsten-based coating film, which is a new type of coating film, has both high hardness and good adhesive strength, and can be used as a coating film of WC-Co cemented carbide cutting tools.

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11

Naidu, S. V., Carlos Green, Christopher Maxie, James D. Garber, and Gary A. Glass. "Interfacial Elemental Distribution In Tungsten Carbide Coated Steel." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 838–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600017517.

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Thermal spray of carbide coatings with high hardness and corrosion resistance onto steel substrates has technological importance. The adhesive strength is greatly effected by the interfacial impurities. Low porous and good quality 200 μm thick 86WC10Co4Cr coatings on 4140 steel are obtained by thermal spray methods using SC-HVOF gun at Cooper Oil Tools, Houston, TX. A Carl Zeiss DSM942 SEM with 3.5 nm resolution at 30 keV and Kevex LPX1 Super Dry Quantum Si(Li) Detector with < 145 eV resolution for Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDXS) were used to study the elemental distribution across the interface. Fig. 1 shows the SEM micrographs of the interface between 86WC10Co4Cr thermal spray coating and 4140 steel substrate. The anchor patterns seen at the interface are believed to improve the adhesive qualities between the coating and the substrate.

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12

Rana, Ramakant, Qasim Murtaza, and R. S. Walia. "GA based optimization of tri-bological behaviour of diamond coated tungsten carbide." World Journal of Engineering 17, no. 3 (May 7, 2020): 335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-08-2019-0220.

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Purpose In this study, the tri-bological behaviour of the un-coated and diamond coated tungsten carbide was evaluated using the pin-on-disc test rig. The same was also tested on a lathe machine tool. This paper aims to compare the tri-bological behaviour of coated tungsten carbide pin with un-coated tungsten carbide pin it also correlates the wear obtained from the two machines used. Design/methodology/approach Experiments were performed using L8 orthogonal array and results obtained on a pin-on-disc test rig under dry sliding process were optimized through a modern optimization technique i.e. genetic algorithm (GA). The response surface methodology model (L8 orthogonal array) formed the basis for the development of the GA model, which defines the conditions of minimum wear, minimum coefficient of friction and minimum surface roughness for the sliding process of the pin-on-disc test rig. Findings Implementation of the heuristic approach for optimization of input parameters for the combination of tool material used for the turning process. The initial approach involves tri-bological testing considering the same combination. The set of experiments further performed, inferred that the results were similar and that the diamond coating enhances the life of the tool. Originality/value Successfully synthesized the diamond coating on tungsten carbide tool material. Implantation of the heuristic approach, i.e. GA to tri-bological tests to identify the optimized level of input variables. Experimentation involves the tri-bological testing whose results were confirmed through performing experiments on the lathe machine tool.

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13

Wada, Tadahiro. "Performance of Titanium-Tungsten-Silicon-Aluminum Based Coated Cutting Tools." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 1241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.1241.

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In order to determine an effective coating film for cutting carbon steels with a coated cemented carbide tool, tool wear was experimentally investigated. Low carbon steel (AISI 5120H steel) was turned with four kinds of physical vapor deposition (PVD) coated cemented carbide tools. The coating films used were TiN coating film and three kinds of titanium-tungsten-silicon-aluminum based coating films, namely (Ti,W,Si,Al)N, (Ti,W,Si,Al)C and (Ti,W,Si,Al)(C,N) coating film. (Ti,W,Si,Al)N, (Ti,W,Si,Al)C or (Ti,W,Si,Al)(C,N) is a new type of coating film. The following results were obtained: (1) The critical load of three kinds of titanium-tungsten-silicon-aluminum based coating films was higher than that of TiN coating film. (2) The hardness of three kinds of titanium-tungsten-silicon-aluminum based coating films was higher than that of TiN coating film. (3) In cutting low carbon steel, the wear progress of three kinds of titanium-tungsten-silicon-aluminum based coating film tools was slower than that of the TiN coated tool. (4) In the three kinds of titanium-tungsten-silicon-aluminum based coating films, the wear progress of the (Ti,W,Si,Al)N coated tool was the slowest.

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14

Siwawut, Sutham, Charnnarong Saikaew, and Anurat Wisitsoraat. "Effects of Number of Inserts and Insert Materials on Surface Roughness of Cast-Iron Work Produced by Face Milling." Advanced Materials Research 1016 (August 2014): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1016.135.

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In this work, the effects of two key factors of face milling including the number of inserts and insert material on surface roughness of cast-iron turbine housing work were systematically studied using full factorial designed experiments. Three insert materials including uncoated cemented carbide (TH10), commercial TiAlN/TiN coated cemented carbide (AH120) and tungsten carbo-nitride (WCN) coated cemented carbide were selected while the number of inserts was varied from 1 to 3 in this study. The results showed that both factors were statistically significant and the optimal parameters that yielded minimum Ra-value of 0.495 μm were the commercial TiAlN/TiN coated cemented carbide material (AH120) and three inserts.

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15

Rana, Ramakant, R. S. Walia, and Qasim Murtaza. "Characterization and Parametric Optimization of Performance Parameters of DLC-Coated Tungsten Carbide (WC) Tool Using TOPSIS." Coatings 11, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11070760.

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In this work, we have deposited the diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating on the tungsten carbide (WC) tool insert using the thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. For the growth of DLC coating, sugarcane bagasse was used as a carbon precursor. Raman spectroscopy, a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to confirm the presence of DLC coating on the tungsten carbide tool inserts. The hardness tests were also performed for inspecting the microhardness induced by the self-developed DLC coating on the tungsten carbide (WC) tool insert. To determine the optimum process parameters for the turning operation on an aluminum (6061) workpiece using a self-developed DLC-coated tungsten carbide (WC) tool insert, we have applied the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methods. The process parameters considered for the optimization were feed rate, cutting speed, and depth of cut. Whereas chosen response variables were flank wear, temperature in the cutting zone, and surface roughness. TOPSIS is utilized to analyze the effects of selected input parameters on the selected output parameters. This study in this paper revealed that it was advantageous to develop the DLC coating on the tungsten carbide tool inserts for the machining applications. The results also revealed that a 0.635 mm depth of cut, feed rate of 0.2 mm/rev, and cutting speed of 480 m/min were the optimum combination of process parameters.

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16

Noordin, Mohd Yusof, A. S. Noor Adila, S. Izman, and D. Kurniawan. "Acid Pretreatment of WC-Co Prior to CVD Diamond Coating." Advanced Materials Research 576 (October 2012): 626–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.576.626.

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Pretreatment on tungsten carbide (WC-Co) surface is critical for obtaining perfectly adherent diamond coatings by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The carbide surface should have high roughness to facilitate diamond nucleation and adhesion. The presence of cobalt—common binder for tungsten carbide—on the surface to be coated should be made minimum since it has negative influence on the diamond deposition process. In this study, surface pretreatment on tungsten carbide using sulfuric acid was evaluated in terms of the resulted cobalt removal and the surface roughening. The variables included were acid concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time. The resulted surface roughness was 29% higher than initial, averaged at 1.07 µm. The acid pretreatment was also found effective in eliminating surface cobalt.

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de Vasconcelos, G., D. C. Campos, M. S. F. Lima, A. C. Oliveira, J. G. A. B. Simões, and R. Riva. "Coated Steel Surfaces with WC by Lasers Action." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.345.

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In this work low carbon steel samples were coated by tungsten carbide (WC), and then the properties of the obtained coatings were evaluated, such as morphology, hardness, phase composition and dimension of the layer. The results indicate the formation of a new phase, composed of iron carbide in the base metal, a more dense coating has been obtained when the WC powder was sprayed directly on to the steel and then irradiated with the laser beam.

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Zhang, L., G. B. Yang, G. Liu, S. Chen, B. Y. Huang, and C. F. Zhang. "Ultrafine and nanoscaled tungsten carbide synthesis from colloidal carbon coated nano tungsten precursor." Powder Metallurgy 49, no. 4 (December 2006): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174329006x128331.

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Iwabuchi, Akira, Ahmad bin Hj. Yunus, Mitsuaki Hayashi, Jun-ichiro Nishi, and Yuji Sato. "Die Life and Workpiece Properties Under Dry Condition in High-Speed Pressworking." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 119, no. 4A (November 1, 1997): 550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2831186.

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To explore the feasibility of “oil-free” pressworking, we investigated the effects on the life of SKD11 steel dies and the quality of phosphor bronze workpieces under lubricated and unlubricated or dry conditions. In addition, the performance of SKD11 dies coated with TiN as well as cemented tungsten carbide dies were also examined under dry conditions. Results show that the life of unlubricated SKD11 dies is about half of that under lubricated conditions. The cemented tungsten carbide die gives superior die life and workpiece quality even under dry use conditions.

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Wada, Tadahiro, and Hiroyuki Hanyu. "Tool Wear of Aluminum/Chromium/Tungsten-Based-Coated Cemented Carbide in Cutting Hardened Sintered Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 772 (July 2015): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.772.72.

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In order to improve both the scratch strength and the micro-hardness of (Al,Cr)N coating film, the cathode material of an aluminum/chromium/tungsten target was used in adding the tungsten (W) to the cathode material of the aluminum/chromium target. In this study, hardened sintered steel was turned with (Al60,Cr25,W15)N, (Al60,Cr25,W15)(C,N), (Al64,Cr28,W8)(C,N), (Al,Cr)N and (Ti,Al)N coated cemented carbide tools. The tool wear of the coated cemented carbide tool was experimentally investigated. The following results were obtained: (1) In cutting hardened sintered steel at the cutting speed of 0.42 m/s using the (Al60,Cr25,W15)N, the (Al60,Cr25,W15)(C,N), the (Al64,Cr28,W8)(C,N), the (Ti,Al)N and (Al,Cr)N coated tools, the wear progress of the (Al64,Cr28,W8)(C,N) coated tool became slowest among that of the five coated tools. (2) The wear progress of the (Al60,Cr25,W15)(C,N) coated tool was almost equivalent to that of the (Al64,Cr28,W8)(C,N) coated tool. However, at a high cutting speed of 1.67 m/s, the wear progress of the (Al60,Cr25,W16)(C,N) coated tool was faster than that of the (Al64,Cr28,W8)(C,N) coated tool.

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Fu, Bin You, Ding Yong He, Jian Min Jiang, and Xiao Yan Li. "Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Arc Sprayed WC-Co /FeCrB and WC-Ni /FeCrB Composite Coatings." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 468–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.468.

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Two type of ceramic composite coatings of Fe-Cr-B alloy reinforced with cobalt-coated tungsten carbide (WC-Co) particles or nickel-coated tungsten carbide (WC-Ni) particles were deposited on a mild steel substrate by arc spraying, respectively. The microstructure of the coating was investigated by optical microscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to study the phase composition in the coating. The microhardness of the coating was determined. The wear behavior of the coating was evaluated. The results showed that the WC-Co/FeCrB coating has the excellent abrasive wear resistance which is about 11 times higher than that of Q235 mild steel. The main wear mechanism of both coatings was silica scratching and micro-cutting of the matrix and the resultant pulling out of WC particles.

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22

Boland, Jim N., Xing S. Li, D. Hay, Colin M. MacRae, S. Elbracht, Roger P. Rassool, Vladimir Luzin, and Paolo Imperia. "Defect Structures in Diamond Composite Coated Cemented Tungsten CarbideSubstrates." Advanced Materials Research 325 (August 2011): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.325.339.

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Variability in the abrasive wear of PCD coatings on cemented WC substrates has been investigated. Six samples of PCD coated carbides were tested in a wear testing rig. The PCD coated element was used to turn an industry standard vitrified bonded corundum grinding wheel. The wear rate was measured as the weight loss of the cutting element per cubic metre of grinding wheel machined during the test. Two grades of cutting elements were observed. One grade had wear rates between 6 and 7.3 g/m³ but of the three poor quality samples, only one valid test was made realising wear rate of ~7,800 g/m³. The microstructures of the samples were studied using SEM, X-ray imaging, neutron diffraction and XRD. SEM images revealed differences in the volume percentage of diamonds in the two grades and the XRD scans highlighted the variable distribution of the diamond phase in the coating. Estimates of the residual stresses in a good and poor quality samples indicated significantly higher compressive stresses in the good quality versus poor quality coating. These results have revealed two extremes in the wear rates of these PCD coated carbides. It is suggested that the difference in diamond content between the two grades is not sufficient to account for the 3 orders-of-magnitude difference in the observed wear rates. However, the presence of intrusive veins of carbide material in the coatings, especially around the curved cutting tip, suggested that the macroscopic defects observed in the x-ray and SEM images were the major cause of the high wear rates in the poor quality sample.

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Boland, Jim N., Xing S. Li, Roger P. Rassool, Colin M. MacRae, N. C. Wilson, S. Elbracht, Vladimir Luzin, Paolo Imperia, and B. Sobott. "Wear Resistance and Microstructural Study of Diamond Coated WC Tools." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 2527–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.2527.

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Diamond composite materials are classified as superhard and exhibit exceptional abrasive resistance. Cemented tungsten carbide tools with a thick coating of diamond composite material (PCD) are finding increased usage in materials cutting operations in manufacturing, mining, minerals, gas and petroleum exploration and civil construction industries. Two major advantages derived from these coated tools are: (a) increased wear resistance and hence increased life-span of these tools and (b) their proven ability to handle “difficult-to-machine” materials as well as high-strength, extremely abrasive materials such as quartz-rich rocks, granites and basalts. In this research, the variability of the wear resistance of PCD coated tungsten carbide is correlated with microstructural variations. A detailed study of the microstructure and distribution of phases was performed using SEM, cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging, direct x-ray imaging, Raman spectroscopy as well as residual stress measurements using neutron diffraction.

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Fernandes, C. M., A. M. R. Senos, and M. T. Vieira. "Particle surface properties of stainless steel-coated tungsten carbide powders." Powder Technology 164, no. 3 (June 2006): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2006.03.005.

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Cerio, Frank M., John A. Herb, and Robert Cummings. "Machining of abrasive materials with diamond-coated tungsten carbide inserts." Surface and Coatings Technology 62, no. 1-3 (December 1993): 674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0257-8972(93)90317-h.

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Kitiwan, Mettaya, and Takashi Goto. "Fabrication of tungsten carbide–diamond composites using SiC-coated diamond." International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 85 (December 2019): 105053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2019.105053.

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Kumar, Alok, R. C. Singh, and Ranganath Singari. "Tribological Study of HVOF Sprayed Tungsten Carbide Coated Stainless Steel." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 5, no. 4 (October 5, 2020): 7–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35121/ijapie202010442.

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Corrosion and Wear, or a combination of both, are the main causes of degradation of metals used in the various industrial sectors. Degradation of the metals can be slowed down by adding a layer of resistant coating on the metal surface. This coating separates the base metal from a corrosive environment, reduces wear, and improves the appearance of the metal. The workpiece after coating becomes a composite that has properties far better than the substrate alone. There are various coating techniques, HVOF is one of the most important and widely used processes to protect the metals from wear, corrosion by providing hard and dense coatings. WC coating done by the high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray method is the widely used method for providing a layer of corrosive resistance to a wide range of materials that are used in many different industries. In this study, Tungsten carbide (WC-12CO) Coating, HVOF Spray method was studied in great detail. Tungsten Carbide coating was done on a SUS400 Stainless steel substrate using HVOF Spray Process. An, Experiment was done to analyze the various effect of different parameters namely, oxygen rate, propane (fuel) rate, powder rate, spray distance on hardness, and surface roughness of a SUS 400 Stainless Steel substrate. Process optimization was done by using Taguchi and ANOVA methods. It was found that achieving maximum hardness was greatly dependent on propane (fuel) rate followed by powder rate, spray distance, and oxygen rate. The hardness decreases with the increasing fuel rate. And, achieving minimum surface roughness was greatly dependent on spray distance followed by oxygen rate, propane (fuel) rate, powder rate. Surface Roughness increases with increasing spray distance.

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Zhang, Yan, Yanhui Wang, Chan Han, Shaopei Jia, Shuyu Zhou, and Jianbing Zang. "Tungsten-coated nano-boron carbide as a non-noble metal bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reactions in alkaline media." Nanoscale 9, no. 48 (2017): 19176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr08092a.

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Herein, tungsten-coated nano-boron carbide (W-WB₄-WC_x/B₄C) particles were prepared by heating a mixture of B₄C and W powder using a spark plasma coating (SPC) method.

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Uhlmann, E., D. Hinzmann, K. Kropidlowksi, P. Meier, L. Prasol, and M. Woydt. "Substitution of commercially coated tungsten carbide tools in dry cylindrical turning process by HiPIMS coated niobium carbide cutting inserts." Surface and Coatings Technology 354 (November 2018): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.07.105.

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30

Kim, Jong Seok, Yeong Min Park, Jeong Wan Kim, Kelimu Tulugan, and Tae Gyu Kim. "Characteristics of deposited boron doping diamond on tungsten carbide insert by MPECVD." Modern Physics Letters B 29, no. 06n07 (March 20, 2015): 1540048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984915400485.

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Diamond-coated cutting tools are used primarily for machining non-ferrous materials such as aluminum–silicon alloys, copper alloys, fiber-reinforced polymers, green ceramics and graphite. Because the tool life of cemented carbide cutting tool is greatly improved by diamond coating, and typically more than 10 times of the tool life is obtained. However, research of boron-doped diamond (BDD) coating tool has not been fully researched yet. In this study, we have succeeded to make boron-doped microcrystalline and nanocrystalline diamond-coated Co -cemented tungsten carbide (WC– Co ) inserts. Microcrystalline BDD thin film is deposited on WC– Co insert by using microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy are used to characterize the as-deposited diamond films.1,2

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31

Marko, Matthew. "Friction of Tungsten-Based Coatings of Steel under Sliding Contact." Lubricants 7, no. 2 (January 31, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants7020014.

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An investigation was made to determine the effects of tungsten surface coating on the coefficient of friction of sliding contact between lubricated steel surfaces. The four-ball test was modified, using a tungsten carbide ball bearing in the spindle to cause sliding contact onto three hard steel ball bearings coated with tungsten disulfide lamellar dry lubricant coating, with a coating of grease lubrication applied to the ball bearings. The coatings, loads, speed, and grease level were varied to best understand the impact of different conditions on the friction coefficient.

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32

SARAVANAN, M., N. VENKATESHWARAN, A. DEVARAJU, and A. KRISHNAKUMARI. "TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF THIN NANO TUNGSTEN CARBIDE FILM DEPOSITED ON 316L STAINLESS STEEL SURFACE." Surface Review and Letters 25, no. 08 (December 2018): 1950027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x19500276.

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This study presents the tribological behavior of austenitic 316L Stainless Steel (SS) coated with nano Tungsten Carbide (WC). The nano WC particles were prepared by mechano chemical method. The tungsten and toluene have been ball milled for 40[Formula: see text]h led to the synthesis of WC nano particles. An average particles size of 48[Formula: see text]nm was achieved. The prepared nano WC particles were deposited on 316L SS substrate as a thin film using DC magnetron sputtering process. The thickness of the nano WC coating was 5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m. The synthesized nano WC particles and the thin nano WC film are characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) technique. Vickers microhardness test was conducted to evaluate the microhardness of the thin film. A high microhardness value of 2242 HV[Formula: see text] was observed. The coated specimens are subjected to wear test using pin on disc setup and the tribological parameters such as friction and wear are analyzed. The results were compared with uncoated 316L SS specimen and micro WC particles coated 316L SS. The nano WC coated 316L SS possess high hardness and better wear resistance when compared with 316L SS and micro WC coated 316L SS specimen.

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33

Bogdanov, Sergey P., and A. P. Garshin. "Refractory Core-Shell Powders for Additive Industries." Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.529.

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The finished products obtained when the surfaces of powders of refractory materials (diamond, boron nitride, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, tungsten) were coated with thin films by the method of iodide transport are presented. The developed method enables to obtain powder composite materials of core-shell type that have surface thickness varying in the range from 1 nm to several micrometers. From the powders modified by the films of metals and thier compounds composite materials were developed, their physical and mechanical characteristics were studied. The characteristics turned out to be substantially higher in comparison to materials sintered from the same powders but without coating. The probable fields of use of the composites in question were determined.

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34

OKADA, Masato, Ryosuke SHIDA, Hidehito WATANABE, Takuya MIURA, and Masaaki OTSU. "Direct drilling of cemented tungsten carbide using diamond-coated carbide drill under ultrasmall feed rates." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 85, no. 10 (October 5, 2019): 866–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.85.866.

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35

Fernandes, C. M., A. M. R. Senos, and M. T. Vieira. "Control of eta carbide formation in tungsten carbide powders sputter-coated with (Fe/Ni/Cr)." International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 25, no. 4 (July 2007): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2006.07.004.

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36

Deepthi, Y. P., K. Prakash Marimuthu, and K. Raghavendra Ravi Kiran. "Performance Test of Cryogenically Treated and Coated Tungsten Carbide Cutting Inserts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.575.

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Production cost is dependent on the life of the Tool. Because of enormous heat generation during the material removal process, life of the tool decreases. Tool life will be enhanced by cryogenic treatment which minimises the temperature at tool tip interface. Taguchi technique was employed to get optimum number of experiments for turning white cast iron after the cryogenic treatment and before cryogenic treatment. The correlation between four main factors such as speed, feed, depth of cut, tool condition and responses such as surface roughness, tool tip temperature were analysed. Mathematical model was formulated for tool tip temperature, and surface roughness. The error for the mathematically formulated model was observed to be less than 5%.The present work indicates that cryogenically treated tool have better surface finish . From the anova analysis it is inferred that tool tip temperature and surface roughness substantially reduced while using cryogenically treated tool. It was observed that cutting forces was more influenced by cutting speed of the tool followed by tool condition. Hardness of the tool insert showed improvement because of coatings.

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37

Peng, Zirong, Michael Rohwerder, Pyuck-Pa Choi, Baptiste Gault, Thorsten Meiners, Marcel Friedrichs, Holger Kreilkamp, Fritz Klocke, and Dierk Raabe. "Atomic diffusion induced degradation in bimetallic layer coated cemented tungsten carbide." Corrosion Science 120 (May 2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2017.01.007.

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38

Stavros, A. J., and J. V. Reid. "Some tribological observations of sliding tungsten carbide coated steel against aluminum." Surface and Coatings Technology 54-55 (January 1992): 521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(07)80076-4.

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39

LUO, J., Z. GUO, Y. GAO, and T. LIN. "Synthesis of nanosized tungsten carbide from phenol formaldehyde resin coated precursors." Rare Metals 27, no. 2 (April 2008): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-0521(08)60115-1.

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40

Tansukatanon, Suttikit, Viboon Tangwarodomnukun, Chaiya Dumkum, Pairotch Kruytong, Noppadon Plaichum, and Wisan Charee. "Micromachining of Stainless Steel Using TiAlN-Coated Tungsten Carbide End Mill." Procedia Manufacturing 30 (2019): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2019.02.058.

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41

WADA, Tadahiro, Hiroaki URAI, and Takaomi TOIHARA. "553 Tool Wear of Titanium-Tungsten Based PVD Coated Cemented Carbide." Proceedings of Yamanashi District Conference 2006 (2006): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeyamanashi.2006.129.

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42

IIZUKA, Toru, Atsushi HIRATA, and Masanori YOSHIKAWA. "Preparation of Diamond Coated Cutting Tool using Cobaltless Sintered Tungsten Carbide." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 65, no. 10 (1999): 1507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.65.1507.

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43

Stavros, A. J., and J. V. Reid. "Wear behavior of detonation gun tungsten carbide coated steel vs. aluminum." Surface and Coatings Technology 43-44 (December 1990): 768–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0257-8972(90)90019-9.

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44

Lin, Zone-Ching, and Chih-Yuan Ho. "Performance of coated tungsten carbide tools on milling printed circuit board." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 209, no. 1 (January 2009): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.02.054.

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45

Ivanov, Yurii F., Vladimir Ovcharenko, Aleksei Belyi, and Anton D. Teresov. "The Structure and Properties of Hard Metals Irradiated by High-Energy Electron Beam." Advanced Materials Research 872 (December 2013): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.872.214.

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t has been established experimentally that irradiating the sample of tungsten carbide hard metal spray-coated by titanium layer 1-2 μm thickness by high-intensity electron beam resulted in generation of a gradient multi-phase nanostructured layer of microhardness higher than that of untreated material by a factor of 2.5.

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46

Murakawa, M., N. Koga, and S. Takeuchi. "Diamondlike Carbon-Coated Dies for Deep Drawing of Aluminum Sheets." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 121, no. 4 (November 1, 1999): 674–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2833101.

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Soft and hard diamondlike carbon die coatings were used to deep draw aluminum sheets with a very light and environment-friendly water-soluble oil lubricant and even without a lubricant. The water-soluble oil lubricant with poor lubrication ability caused premature rupture of the aluminum blank when drawn with a noncoated steel die, whereas a die coated with soft diamondlike carbon (WC/C) had a lifetime of over 7000 drawing operations. A cost-effective die could be made of a die steel body on which a sintered tungsten carbide alloy overlayer was deposited by high-velocity thermal spraying and further coated with a hard diamondlike carbon (DLC), which gave a life of up to 6000 operations even without a lubricant. Tool life was almost equal to that for a solid sintered carbide alloy die coated with DLC.

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47

Kumar, T. Sampath, S. Balasivanandha Prabu, and T. Sorna Kumar. "Comparative Evaluation of Performances of TiAlN-, AlCrN- and AlCrN/TiAlN-Coated Carbide Cutting Tools and Uncoated Carbide Cutting Tools on Turning EN24 Alloy Steel." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 16, no. 03 (August 2017): 237–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686717500159.

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In the present work, the performances of TiAlN-, AlCrN- and AlCrN/TiAlN-coated and uncoated tungsten carbide cutting tool inserts are evaluated from the turning studies conducted on EN24 alloy steel workpiece. The output parameters such as cutting forces, surface roughness and tool wear for TiAlN-, AlCrN- and AlCrN/TiAlN-coated carbide cutting tools are compared with uncoated carbide cutting tools (K10). The design of experiment based on Taguchi’s approach is used to obtain the best turning parameters, namely cutting speed ([Formula: see text]), feed rate ([Formula: see text]) and depth of cut ([Formula: see text]), in order to have a better surface finish and minimum tool flank wear. An orthogonal array (L[Formula: see text] was used to conduct the experiments. The results show that the AlCrN/TiAlN-coated cutting tool provided a much better surface finish and minimum tool flank wear. The minimum tool flank wear and minimum surface roughness were obtained using AlCrN/TiAlN-coated tools, when [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m/min, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm/rev and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm.

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48

Shanmugasundaram, D., K. Gunasekaran, R. Chandramouli, and N. Natarajan. "Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of WC and Cr-C Coatings on Plain Carbon P/M Steel Substrates Using HVOF Coating Method." Key Engineering Materials 735 (May 2017): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.735.54.

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The present research paper covers statistical analysis of the major tribological factors affecting the dry sliding wear behavior of Tungsten Carbide (WC) and Chromium Carbide (Cr-C) coatings on plain carbon P/M steel substrate using High Velocity Oxy Flame (HVOF) Coating Technique. Experiments were conducted on pin-on-disc wear testing equipment. The various parameters related to wear such as wear rate, Coefficientof Friction of the coated Disc, Hardness and Surface Roughness were measured.In comparison, WC and Cr-C coating, WC coating has comparably good effect.

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49

Zhang, Jian Guo, Bin Shen, and Fang Hong Sun. "Study on Fabrication and Cutting Performance of CVD Diamond Coated Drills in Machining the Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics." Solid State Phenomena 175 (June 2011): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.175.239.

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Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) have been widely used for manufacturing spacecraft, aircraft and automobile structural parts in aerospace and automotive industries. However, CFRP is a kind of hard machining materials and conventional tungsten carbide drills always experience severe tool wear, and thus short lifetime in the CFRP drilling process. In this paper, the CVD diamond films are deposited on the surface of cobalt cemented tungsten carbide (WC–Co) drills using hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is adopted to investigate the surface morphology of as-fabricated CVD diamond coated drills, additional analysis using Raman spectrum also indicates the high purity of sp3 phase of as-deposited diamond film. Furthermore, the machining performance of as-fabricated CVD diamond coated drills is examined in drilling the CFRP, comparing with the uncoated WC-Co drills. The chisel edge and primary cutting edge wear of drills are studied using the tool microscope. The results show that as-fabricated CVD diamond coated drills exhibit a much elongated lifetime than that of uncoated WC-Co drills, and also smoother surface finish of machined holes, which is supposed to be attributed to the excellent wear resistance and satisfied adhesive strength between the as-deposited diamond films and drills.

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Okada, Masato, Masayoshi Shinya, Atsuyuki Kondo, Hidehito Watanabe, Toshihiko Sasaki, Takuya Miura, and Masaaki Otsu. "Surface quality of cemented tungsten carbide finished by direct cutting using diamond-coated carbide end mill." Journal of Manufacturing Processes 61 (January 2021): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.11.004.

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