Academic literature on the topic 'Coaxial flow'

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Journal articles on the topic "Coaxial flow"

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Rodriguez-Trujillo, Romen, Yu-Han Kim-Im, and Aurora Hernandez-Machado. "Controlling Shapes in a Coaxial Flow Focusing Microfluidic Device: Experiments and Theory." Micromachines 11, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11010085.

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A coaxial flow focusing PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) microfluidic device has been designed and manufactured by soft lithography in order to experimentally study a miscible inner flow. We studied a coaxially focused inner flow (formed by an aqueous fluorescein solution) which was fully isolated from all microchannel surfaces by an additional water outer flow. Different flow rates were used to produce a variety of flow ratios and a 3D reconstruction of the cross-section was performed using confocal microscope images. The results showed an elliptical section of the coaxially focused inner flow that changes in shape depending on the flow rate ratio applied. We have also developed a mathematical model that allows us to predict and control the geometry of the coaxially focused inner flow.
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Masuda, Koji, Hiroshi Suzuki, Yoshiyuki Komoda, and Ruri Hidema. "Numerical Simulation of Particle Dispersion in Flow between Coaxial Cylinders under Unsteady Flow Conditions." Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi 43, no. 3_4 (2015): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1678/rheology.43.85.

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Orekhov, Genrikh. "Flow kinematics with oppositely rotating coaxial layers." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 05051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199705051.

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In modern technological processes, liquid and gas flows play an important role. This is especially mostly evident in hydraulic engineering and hydropower construction when designing the highly efficient hydraulic turbines, various spillway systems and other elements of layout patterns of structures. When designing and constructing such facilities, it is necessary to know the characteristics of the flows to be passed through these structures in order to correctly take into account the various types of impacts from the flow: pressure pulsations, cavitation and erosion due to cavitation, wave formation and abrasive wear. When designing high-head spillway structures, special attention is paid to the presence of excess energy from the stream entering the lower pool, which requires special measures to dissipate it. Nowadays, in the practice of construction of hydraulic structures, swirled flows are used including those with oppositely rotating layers. This type of flow creates a number of effects that allow one to radically solve the problems of energy dissipation of high-velocity flows. The report presents the results of studies of a complicated flow formed by oppositely rotating coaxially arranged layers of liquid made by a physical method. The description of the experimental stand for the model studies of such flows is given. The basic parameters of the installation, the principle of operation of the recording equipment and its main characteristics are given. The results of model studies in the form of distribution of the components of the flow velocity along the cross section of the flow conductor and its length are given.
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Hall, Oskar, Andrew D. Gilbert, and Christopher P. Hills. "Converging flow between coaxial cones." Fluid Dynamics Research 41, no. 1 (December 19, 2008): 011402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0169-5983/41/1/011402.

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van Hout, René, Sudharson Murugan, Abhijit Mitra, and Beni Cukurel. "Coaxial Circular Jets—A Review." Fluids 6, no. 4 (April 8, 2021): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids6040147.

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This review article focuses on the near-field flow characteristics of coaxial circular jets that, despite their common usage in combustion processes, are still not well understood. In particular, changes in outer to inner jet velocity ratios, ru, absolute jet exit velocities and the nozzle dimensions and geometry have a profound effect on the near-field flow that is characterized by shear as well as wake instabilities. This review starts by presenting the set of equations governing the flow field and, in particular, the importance of the Reynolds stress distributions on the static pressure distribution is emphasized. Next, the literature that has led to the current stage of knowledge on coaxial jet flows is presented. Based on this literature review, several regions in the near-field (based on ru) are identified in which the inner mixing layer is either governed by shear or wake instabilities. The latter become dominant when ru≈1. For coaxial jets issued into a quiescent surrounding, shear instabilities of the annular (outer) jet are always present and ultimately govern the flow field in the far-field. We briefly discuss the effect of nozzle geometry by comparing the flow field in studies that used a blockage disk to those that employed thick inner nozzle lip thickness. Similarities and differences are discussed. While impinging coaxial jets have not been investigated much, we argue in this review that the rich flow dynamics in the near-field of the coaxial jet might be put to an advantage in fine-tuning coaxial jets impinging onto surfaces for specific heat and mass transfer applications. Several open questions are discussed at the end of this review.
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Eerkens, Jeff W. "Separation of isotopes by laser-assisted retardation of condensation (SILARC)." Laser and Particle Beams 16, no. 2 (June 1998): 295–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600011629.

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Basic relations are presented to calculate isotope enrichment and depletion factors in a supercooled flow of gaseous QF6 molecules mixed with Ar (or another carrier gas) that is coaxially or cross-wise illuminated with a laser beam. Isotope-selective laser excitation of iQF6 molecules retards their condensation on walls and during cluster growth. This yields an isotope-enriched gas and isotope-depleted wall deposits under subsonic flow conditions and coaxial laser irradiation. Similarly, enriched QF6 gas and depleted particle clusters are formed in supercooled supersonic expansion flows that are coaxially or cross-wise irradiated. Measured isotope changes for 32SF6/34SF6 and 235UF6/238UF6 are shown to be in agreement with calculated values.
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Kiwata, Takahiro, Takashi Ishii, Shigeo Kimura, and Atsushi Okajima. "Flow Visualization and Characteristics of a Tabbed Coaxial Jet(Special Nozzle)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (ICJWSF) 2005 (2005): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicjwsf.2005.197.

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Marc, Paul J., Christopher E. Sims, and Nancy L. Allbritton. "Coaxial Flow System for Chemical Cytometry." Analytical Chemistry 79, no. 23 (December 2007): 9054–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac7017519.

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Zhen, Yang. "Research on the Coaxial Connection between Gas Flowmeter and Critical Flow Venturi Nozzle Gas Flow Standard Device." Key Engineering Materials 693 (May 2016): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.693.194.

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As an important measurement instruments of trade metering, gas flowmeter has been more and more widely used, and the quantity value transfer of the flow meter is becoming increasingly significant. In order to realize the accurate measurement, the method of the coaxial connection between gas flowmeter and critical flow Venturi nozzle gas flow standard device is studied in this paper, and the coaxial error between this gas flowmeter and standard device within ±1mm is achieved.
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HAMADA, Takahiro, Tsutomu NOZAKI, Minoru FUKUHARA, and Yuki MUKAI. "Flow Visualization of Doublet Flow in a Coaxial Pipe." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 23, Supplement1 (2003): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.23.supplement1_47.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Coaxial flow"

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Hall, Oskar. "The flow between two coaxial cones." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486775.

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This thesis provides a study of the flow between two coaxial cones, a geometry with many interesting features and of practical importance. We consider the flow for different driving mechanisms and start by studying the highly viscous flow when the fluid is driven by rotation of the cones or a spherical lid. The solution is found through a low Reynolds number e)...pansion expressed as a combination of forced modes and geometric eigenmodes. The latter may cause an infinite sequence of counter-rotating vortices at the apex of the cones, we study the flow topology for a wide range of parameter values and specify when an infinite sequence of eddies occurs. We also cons.ider the non-axisymmetric Stokes flow where each wave number m gives rise to infinitely many eigeninodes. We map the spectra for different wave numbers and study the relative dominance between the eigenmodes. In contrast to the axisymmetric flow and the flow in one cone, no infinite sequence of eddies occur except in special cases. The solutions to the Stokes equations can be expressed as a symmetric and anti-symmetric part and we consider the response from a moving nonrigid lid, where the .flow exhibits a transition from a flow with closed streamlines to what appears to be a completely chaotic flow. in the second part we consider the flow which results from a point sink situated at the apex of the cones. The problem is reminiscent of the classical Jeffery-Hamel flow. We study the flow in the Stokes limit and find that the similarity solution experiences a break-down for certain cone openings. For a general Reynolds number the governing equations do not admit separable solutions so we consider asymptotic expansions of the flow in a narrow gap limit. In the far field the viscous forces dominate and the flow assumes a parabolic profile, the influence of inertia increases as we move downstream and by computing solutions of a PDE we find the resulting boundary layer flow. In the final chapter we consider the same flow for a slightly different cone geometry where there is a constant gap between the cones. We compare the solutions between the two geometries and discuss their qualitative differences.
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Lin, Jehnming. "Characterisation of coaxial laser cladding." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367284.

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Hall, Philip D. "Design of a coaxial split flow pulse detonation engine." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Jun%5FHall.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Mechanical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): Jose O. Sinibaldi, Christopher M. Brophy. "June 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-42). Also available in print.
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Segalini, Antonio <1983&gt. "Experimental analysis of coaxial jets: instability, flow and mixing characterization." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2474/.

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The velocity and mixing field of two turbulent jets configurations have been experimentally characterized by means of cold- and hot-wire anemometry in order to investigate the effects of the initial conditions on the flow development. In particular, experiments have been focused on the effect of the separation wall between the two streams on the flow field. The results of the experiments have pointed out that the wake behind a thick wall separating wall has a strong influence on the flow field evolution. For instance, for nearly unitary velocity ratios, a clear vortex shedding from the wall is observable. This phenomenon enhances the mixing between the inner and outer shear layer. This enhancement in the fluctuating activity is a consequence of a local absolute instability of the flow which, for a small range of velocity ratios, behaves as an hydrodynamic oscillator with no sensibility to external perturbations. It has been suggested indeed that this absolute instability can be used as a passive method to control the flow evolution. Finally, acoustic excitation has been applied to the near field in order to verify whether or not the observed vortex shedding behind the separating wall is due to a global oscillating mode as predicted by the theory. A new scaling relationship has been also proposed to determine the preferred frequency for nearly unitary velocity ratios. The proposed law takes into account both the Reynolds number and the velocity ratio dependence of this frequency and, therefore, improves all the previously proposed relationships.
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Tian, Bin. "Dynamics and stability of pinned-clamped coaxial cyclindrical shells conveying viscous flow." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69739.

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This thesis presents a theoretical study of the stability of pinned-clamped and clamped-pinned coaxial cylindrical shells conveying internal and/or annular incompressible viscous fluid flow.
In the present analytical model, fluid viscous effects are taken into consideration. Generally, the viscous nature of the fluid results in both steady and unsteady viscosity-related loads being exerted on the shells, the latter of which are approximated by their inviscid counterpart in this thesis. Upstream pressurization of the flow (to overcome frictional pressure drop) and skin friction on the shell surfaces are taken into account, generating time-averaged normal and tangential loads on the shells. In this model, the shell motions are described by Flugge's shell equations, suitably modified to incorporate the time-averaged stress resultants arising from viscous effects. The unsteady fluid-dynamic forces in these equations are formulated from potential flow theory: the perturbation pressures on the shells are determined from the perturbation velocity potentials via the unsteady Bernoulli equation; those velocity potentials are governed by the Laplace equation, which is solved by the Fourier transform technique.
For the clamped-pinned system, since the downstream end of the shell is simply supported, a so-called out-flow model is utilized in modelling the decay of flow perturbations beyond the pinned end.
Comparison is made with the existing results for clamped-clamped and clamped-free cases.
Finally, future work is suggested with regard to setting up a new analytical model with the unsteady viscous effects taken into account.
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Gautam, Vivek. "Flow and atomization characteristics of cryogenic fluid from a coaxial rocket injector." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7719.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Luu, Van Chi. "Numerical study of the reactive flow in a two-stream, coaxial-jet, axisymmetric bluff-body combustor." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39617.

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Cessou, Armelle. "Stabilisation de la combustion diphasique turbulente au-dessus d'un injecteur coaxial méthanol/air." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES039.

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La stabilisation de la combustion diphasique en aval d'un injecteur méthanol/air a été étudiée. L'interférométrie phase Doppler a fourni les champs de vitesse des gouttes analysées par classe de taille. Des images bidimensionnelles des zones de réaction ont été réalisées par fluorescence induite par laser du radical OH. Les niveaux de gris de ces images ont été étalonnées en concentration absolue de OH, et la position de la stabilisation de la flamme a été mesurée. La stabilisation des flammes turbulentes non-prémélangées peut être modélisée à partir du mélange turbulent à grande échelle. La comparaison des champs de vitesse dans le spray et des localisations de la stabilisation de la flamme a montré que ce résultat peut être étendu à la combustion diphasique. L'analyse des fluctuations de vitesse des gouttes en fonction de leur nombre de Stokes a montré le comportement dynamique bimodal du spray dans la zone où la flamme se stabilise. Ne considérant que le fluide à faible nombre de Stokes, la combustion a été analysée dans le référentiel de la fraction de mélange. L'accent a été mis sur le régime dit de vaporisation où les flammes se stabilisent selon deux zones réactives nettement séparées. Deux limites à ce régime apparaissent, une limite inférieure due à la mauvaise qualité de l'atomisation et une limite supérieure dynamique quand le temps de mélange à grande échelle devient trop rapide. La comparaison aux résultats expérimentaux montre que cette analyse décrit correctement le phénomène de stabilisation
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Rejent, Andrew. "Experimental Study of the Flow and Acoustic Characteristics of a High-Bypass Coaxial Nozzle with Pylon Bifurcations." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1250272655.

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Davis, Staci Ann. "The manipulation of large- and small-scale flow structures in single and coaxial jets using synthetic jet actuators." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17313.

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Books on the topic "Coaxial flow"

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Gutmark, E. Mixing enhancement in coaxial supersonic jets. Washington, D. C: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989.

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Fisher, Michael J. A modelling of the noise from simple coaxial jets. Part III - With hot primary flow. Southampton, England: University of Southampton, Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, 1994.

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Nikjooy, Mohammad. K-epsilon turbulence model assessment with reduced numerical diffusion for coaxial jets. New York: AIAA, 1988.

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Dahl, M. D. Noise from supersonic coaxial jets. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Dahl, M. D. Noise from supersonic coaxial jets. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Dahl, M. D. Noise from supersonic coaxial jets. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Dahl, M. D. Noise from supersonic coaxial jets. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Schadow, K. C. Passive mixing control in supersonic coaxial jets at different convective Mach numbers. Washington, D. C: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989.

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Robinson, Paul Aaron. Laser Doppler velocimetry measurements in coaxial, co- and counter-swirling, isothermal jets. [Downsview, Ont.]: Dept. of Aerospace Science and Engineering, 1985.

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Brondum, David C. Influence of large-scale motion on turbulent transport for confined coaxial jets. Cleveland, Ohio: Lewis Research Center, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Coaxial flow"

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Balatka, K., S. Mochizuki, A. Murata, and Y. Yagi. "Visualization of the Flow in the Passage Between Two Coaxial Cones." In Flow Visualization VI, 112–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84824-7_16.

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Yan, J., D. Eschricht, F. Thiele, and X. Li. "Modeling and Simulation of Coaxial Jet Flow." In New Trends in Fluid Mechanics Research, 138–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75995-9_35.

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Pinton, J. F., F. Chillá, S. Fauve, and R. Labbé. "Intermittency in the closed flow between coaxial disks." In Fundamental Problematic Issues in Turbulence, 141–48. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8689-5_15.

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Carter, J. G., D. Cokljat, and R. J. Blake. "Computation of turbulent coaxial jet flow on parallel systems." In High-Performance Computing and Networking, 434–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0046664.

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Tosaka, N., T. Honma, and T. Manabe. "Integral Equation Analysis of Viscous Flow Between Two Rotating Coaxial Disks." In Boundary Element Methods, 363–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06153-4_40.

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Das, Abhijit, and Bikash Sahoo. "An Analytic Solution of the Unsteady Flow Between Two Coaxial Rotating Disks." In Trends in Mathematics, 129–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01123-9_14.

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Lee, K. H., T. Setoguchi, S. Matsuo, H. D. Kim, and S. Yu. "Effect of secondary swirl flow on the supersonic and coaxial free jet." In Shock Waves, 1273–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27009-6_197.

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Arun, K. R. "Study of Gas-Centered Coaxial Injector Using Jet in a Cross-Flow Mechanism." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 367–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6619-6_40.

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Kimura, M., J. Asakura, M. Onishi, K. Sayo, and N. Miyagi. "Initial Flow Structure Control of Jet Diffusion Using a Coaxial DBD Plasma Actuator." In Fluid-Structure-Sound Interactions and Control, 123–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40371-2_17.

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Faust, Jan-Arun, Nikolai Herzog, Michael Cerny, and Christian Breitsamter. "Development and Analysis of a Coaxial Rotor Test Bench in Axial Flow Conditions." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 335–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79561-0_32.

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Conference papers on the topic "Coaxial flow"

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Marcio T Mendonca. "Binary Coaxial Jet Flow." In 23rd ABCM International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: ABCM Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.20906/cps/cob-2015-0816.

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Nowack, Rolf R. "High-power coaxial CO." In XI International Symposium on Gas Flow and Chemical Lasers and High-Power Laser Conference. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.270189.

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SCHADOW, K., E. GUTMARK, and K. WILSON. "Passive mixing control in supersonic coaxial jets at different convective Mach numbers." In 2nd Shear Flow Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-995.

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Ashrafi, Nariman, and Habib Karimi Haghighi. "Shear-Thickening Flow Between Coaxial Cylinders." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-03038.

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The effects of nonlinearities on the stability are explored for shear thickening fluids in the narrow-gap limit of the Taylor-Couette flow. A dynamical system is obtained from the conservation of mass and momentum equations which include nonlinear terms in velocity components due to the shear-dependent viscosity. It is found that the critical Taylor number, corresponding to the loss of stability of Couette flow becomes higher as the shear-thickening effects increases. Similar to the shear thinning case, the Taylor vortex structure emerges in the shear thickening flow; however they quickly disappear thus bringing the flow back to the purely azimuthal flow. Naturally, one expects shear thickening fluids to result in inverse dynamical behavior of shear thinning fluids. This study proves that this is not the case for every point on the bifurcation diagram.
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Barbely, Natasha, and Narayanan Komerath. "Coaxial Rotor Flow Phenomena in Forward Flight." In SAE 2016 Aerospace Systems and Technology Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-2009.

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Habich, Uwe, Axel Bauer, Peter Loosen, and Heinz-Dieter Plum. "Resonators for coaxial slow-flow CO2 lasers." In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Janis Spigulis, Concepcion M. Domingo, Soon Fatt Yoon, Victor J. Doherty, M. H. Kuok, Jose M. Orza, Andris Krumins, et al. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.26009.

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Bohrer, Markus, and Dieter Schuoecker. "Gas lasers with coaxial electrodes for ultrahigh beam power." In Ninth International Symposium on Gas Flow and Chemical Lasers, edited by Costas Fotakis, Costas Kalpouzos, and Theodore G. Papazoglou. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.144642.

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Habich, Uwe, Dietmar Ehrlichmann, Heinz-Dieter Plum, and Peter Loosen. "Coaxial slow flow CO2 laser with 2-kW output power." In Ninth International Symposium on Gas Flow and Chemical Lasers, edited by Costas Fotakis, Costas Kalpouzos, and Theodore G. Papazoglou. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.144612.

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Kiwata, Takahiro, Atsushi Okajima, Shigeo Kimura, and Kazumasa Ishii. "Flow Visualization of Excited Coaxial Water Jet With Phase Difference." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45230.

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Flow visualization and measurements of mean and fluctuating velocities were performed on a coaxial jet at a Reynolds number of 3000 in an open water tank using hot-film anemometry, particle image velocimetry (PIV) and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). The coaxial jet, with a velocity ratio of 0.6, was excited at the forcing frequencies fe = fn, fn/2, where fn is the initial vortex frequency of the unexcited jet. The annular and circular jets were subjected to differently phased excitation of the vortical structure in the inner and outer shear-layers, and the effects were studied. For a coaxial jet excited at half of the initial vortex frequency, the vortex pattern and interaction dynamics in the near-field of the jet depend on the phase of the excitations. Vortex-pairing is promoted by forced excitation with specific phase differences, which produces rapid diffusion of the jet width. For the forcing frequency fe = fn, forced excitation with various phase differences has little effect on the vortex pattern in the shear-layers, but the center-line velocity increases more than that of a coaxial jet subjected to a forced excitation of fe = fn/2.
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Wang, Xiaowei, Guobiao Cai, Yushan Gao, and Ping Jin. "Large Flow Rate Shear-Coaxial Gas-Gas Injector." In 45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5042.

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