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Journal articles on the topic 'Coccidiosis. Goats'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Usevich, V. M., N. I. Zhenikhova, M. N. Drozd, and L. Banda. "Pathomorphogenesis in goats with Coccidiosis." E3S Web of Conferences 282 (2021): 03018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128203018.

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The problem of the spread of coccidiosis (eimeriosis) in animals is still an urgent problem for veterinary specialists around the world. In this regard, the aim of the study was to study the most complete pathomorphological picture of this disease in goats. The research material was the fallen kids of the Alpine breed. The research was carried out on the basis of one of the goat breeding farms in the Sverdlovsk region. Diagnostics was performed according to clinical, laboratory and pathomorphological studies. Research results. The article describes the morphological picture of pathological changes in the parenchymal and target organs. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that a morphological assessment of changes in target organs, parenchymal organs that provide detoxification function in the body, in the organs of the immune system and in parenchymal organs that perform vital functions in the body of blood circulation and gas exchange has been carried out.

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2

Kahan, Tyrell B., and Ellis C. Greiner. "Coccidiosis of Goats in Florida, USA." Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 03, no. 03 (2013): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojvm.2013.33033.

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3

Koudela, Břetislav, and Alice Boková. "Coccidiosis in goats in the Czech Republic." Veterinary Parasitology 76, no. 4 (April 1998): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4017(97)00147-7.

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4

Balicka-Ramisz, A. "Studies on coccidiosis in goats in Poland." Veterinary Parasitology 81, no. 4 (March 1999): 347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4017(98)00258-1.

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5

Foreyt, William J. "Coccidiosis and Cryptosporidiosis in Sheep and Goats." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 6, no. 3 (November 1990): 655–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30838-0.

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6

MAIN, DC, and JH CREEPER. "Coccidiosis of Brunner's glands in feral goats." Australian Veterinary Journal 77, no. 1 (January 1999): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1999.tb12431.x.

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7

KANYARI, PWN. "Coccidiosis in goats and aspects of epidemiology." Australian Veterinary Journal 65, no. 8 (August 1988): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1988.tb14314.x.

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8

Silva, Liliana Machado Ribeiro da, Maria João Martins Vila-Viçosa, Telmo Nunes, Anja Taubert, Carlos Hermosilla, and Helder Carola Espiguinha Cortes. "Eimeria infections in goats in Southern Portugal." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 23, no. 2 (June 2014): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612014051.

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Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria species is a major form of intestinal infection affecting intensively and semi-intensively reared goats. The province of Alentejo is the main goat-producing area in Portugal. Therefore, all 15 Serpentina goat farms in Alentejo were analyzed regarding the occurrence and diversity of Eimeria species. Fecal samples obtained from 144 animals (52.1% dairy goats, 47.9% pre-pubertal goats) were examined using the modified McMaster technique to determine the number of oocysts per gram of feces. Eimeria spp. oocysts were present in 98.61% of the fecal samples and, overall, nine different Eimeria species were identified. The most prevalent species were E. ninakohlyakimovae (88%) and E. arloingi (85%), followed by E. alijevi (63%) and E. caprovina(63%). The average number of oocysts shed was significantly lower in dairy goats than in pre-adult animals. Astonishingly, no clinical signs of coccidiosis were observed in any of the animals examined, even though they were shedding high numbers of oocysts and were infected with highly pathogenic species. Thus, implementation of routine diagnostic investigation of the occurrence and diversity of caprine Eimeria species may be a useful tool for determination and better understanding of their potential economic impact on goat herds in southern Portugal.

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9

Andrews, A. H. "Some aspects of coccidiosis in sheep and goats." Small Ruminant Research 110, no. 2-3 (March 2013): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.11.011.

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10

Strnadová, Petra, Vlasta Svobodová, Leoš Pavlata, Ľubica Mišurová, and Rudolf Dvořák. "Effect of inorganic and organic zinc supplementation on coccidial infections in goat kids." Acta Veterinaria Brno 80, no. 2 (2011): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201180020131.

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The aim of this study was to identify the effect of zinc-enriched diet fed to goats and their kids on the number of Coccidia oocysts shed by kids, on clinical signs of coccidiosis, weight gains, and kids’ blood plasma concentration of zinc. A total of 22 goat kids were divided into 4 groups of 5 or 6 animals. Goats and kids from the control group did not receive any additional zinc, the second group was supplemented with inorganic zinc (zinc oxide), the third group was given zinc lactate, and the fourth group received chelated zinc. Samples of kids’ faeces were taken weekly from 3 to 9 weeks of their age (a total of 7 samples were taken). Samples of faeces were examined by a quantitative method to detect the number of oocysts. Kids were weighed weekly and their blood was taken in order to determine zinc concentrations in blood plasma. Animals from the group supplemented with zinc chelate and zinc lactate shed a significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower number of oocysts (13.4% and 11.9%, respectively) compared to the number of oocyst shed by control and zinc oxide supplemented groups (25% and 49.7%, respectively). Shedding of oocysts was not accompanied by clinical symptoms of coccidiosis in any of the groups. Kids supplemented with zinc chelate showed significantly highest weight gains and blood plasma concentration of zinc (p ≤ 0.05) as compared to control and inorganic zinc supplemented groups. Organic zinc is to be recommended to be used as a prophylaxis against coccidiosis in goat kids.

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11

Ola-Davies, O. E., M. O. Oyeyemi, A. B. Saba, and O. O. Ajala. "Prevalence of Eimeria Oocysts in West African Dwarf goats at the University of Ibadan Farm." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 29, no. 2 (January 1, 2021): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v29i2.1572.

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An outbreak of acute coccidiosis is reported in West African Dwarf (WAD) goats kept under a semi intensive management system at the University of Ibadan farm. During the period of the outbreak, clinical signs observed among the animal included anorexia, fever, coughing, ocular and nasal discharges and diarrhoea. Sixty nine out of eighty-five (85%) animals were scouring, 6 out of 20 (30%) pregnant did abort, 8 out of 80 (10%) died through severe infection. Average oocyst counts was 2.73 x 10°/gram faeces in kids and 0.9 x 10 gram faeces in adult goats. Eimeria species predominant in goats and percentage occurrence were E. arloingi (77.5%), E. ninakohlyakimovae (62.89%), E. hirci (58.6%). E, alijevi (39.5%). Areas of glandular degeneration and necrosis of epithelium of the small intestine were seen. Also coccidia schizonts, immature oocysts, and neutrophilic infiltrations can be seen in the intestinal mucosa. The presence of pathogenic species of the Eimeria in WAD goats suggest that coccidiosis may be contributing to the enteric syndromes, poor feed conversion and low productivity

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12

Ashraf, Aiman, RA Shahardar, KH Bulbul, ZA Wani, IM Allaie, and AQ Mir. "Efficacy of amprolium against coccidiosis of goats in central Kashmir." Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 8, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 1667–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/j.ento.2020.v8.i3z.6978.

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13

Markovics, A., I. Cohen, H. Muklada, T. A. Glasser, L. Dvash, E. D. Ungar, H. Azaizeh, and S. Y. Landau. "Consumption of Pistacia lentiscus foliage alleviates coccidiosis in young goats." Veterinary Parasitology 186, no. 3-4 (May 2012): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.072.

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14

Chartier, Christophe, and Carine Paraud. "Coccidiosis due to Eimeria in sheep and goats, a review." Small Ruminant Research 103, no. 1 (March 2012): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.10.022.

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15

Khodakaram Tafti, Azizollah, and Maryam Mansourian. "Pathologic lesions of naturally occurring coccidiosis in sheep and goats." Comparative Clinical Pathology 17, no. 2 (February 27, 2008): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-008-0719-1.

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16

Kheirandish, Reza, Saeid R. Nourollahi-Fard, and Zeinab Yadegari. "Prevalence and pathology of coccidiosis in goats in southeastern Iran." Journal of Parasitic Diseases 38, no. 1 (October 11, 2012): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12639-012-0186-0.

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17

Alonge, D. O. "THE COCCIDIAN SPECIES PARASITIZING THE DOMESTIC GOAT IN NIGERIA." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 4, no. 2 (January 10, 2021): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v4i2.2296.

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Nine fully recognized and described species of coccidia in goats and also one species not previously described are identified. Size shape, colour, sporulation time, morphology of unsporulated oocysts were the criteria for species identification 30 out of 36 faecal sample were positive form single or mixed infections with 3 samples being pure infections of single species. The unidentified species has a low occurrence and probably is not of importance in clinical coccidiosis in goats. The sporulation time for different species is found to be directly related to the size of the oocysts. As most species sporulate within 48 hours, daily removal of faecal materials form goat pens is recommended

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18

Adeyemi, O. O., E. T. Idowu, J. C. Ikenweiwe, and O. A. Otubanjo. "Status of Eimeria infections of sheep and goat sold at small ruminant markets in Lagos State, Southwest, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Parasitology 42, no. 1 (April 14, 2021): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v42i1.19.

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Coccidiosis, an intestinal disease caused by apicomplexan parasites of the genus Eimeria, continues to challenge profitable small ruminant production worldwide. This study was carried out to determine the occurrence of Eimeria and identify the species infecting sheep and goat sold at small ruminant markets in Lagos State. Fresh faeces were collected from 83 sheep and 51 goats. The faecal samples were grossly examined for their consistency and subjected to salt floatation to detect the presence of Eimeria oocysts. Morphometric measurements of oocysts were taken for species identification. The number of oocysts/ml of faeces were estimated using a haemocytometer. Results revealed that 67 (80.7%) sheep and 34 (66.7%) goats were positive for Eimeria. There was no difference in the prevalence of infection between male and female of both animals (P > 0.05). The difference in infection rates between the breeds of sheep were also insignificant (P > 0.05). Goats with diarrheic stool had higher faecal oocyst counts (20400 oocysts/ml) when compared to those with normal stool (5250 oocysts/ml). E. faurei (41%), E. ovinoidalis (36%) and E. intricata (31%) were the most common of the 11 species infecting sheep in this study. Of the 8 species recovered from goats, E. ninakhloyakimovae (51%) and E. alijevi (39%) were the most frequent. The high incidence of pathogenic Eimeria species detected in the study area poses serious economic risks to stakeholders in Lagos State and Nigeria at large. Small ruminant farmers and traders are advised to improve biosecurity and sanitary conditions where livestock are kept. Keywords: Eimeria parasites; coccidiosis; goats; sheep; small ruminant markets; Nigeria.

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19

Chowdhury, MGA, MA Habib, MZ Hossain, UK Rima, PC Saha, MS Islam, S. Chowdhury, KM Kamaruddin, SMZH Chowdhury, and MAHNA Khan. "Passive surveillance on occurrence of deadly infectious, noninfectious and zoonotic diseases of livestock and poultry in Bangladesh and remedies." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 16, no. 1 (August 16, 2018): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v16i1.37429.

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Passive surveillance system was designed with the data (102,613 case records) collected from the Government Veterinary Hospitals, Bangladesh and frequency distribution of diseases was calculated during July 2010 to June 2013. Frequently occurring diseases/ disease conditions reported in livestock were fascioliasis (10.66%), diarrhoea (7.92%), mastitis (7.42%), foot and mouth disease (6.42%), parasitic gastroenteritis (6.31%), coccidiosis (5.5%), Peste des petits ruminants (PPR,5.32%), anthrax (4.19%) and black quarter (3.74%). Diarrhoea and coccidiosis were reported to occur throughout the year. The frequency of fascioliasis appeared higher in buffaloes (34%) followed by sheep (22%), goats (13%) and cattle (11%). PPR is a deadly infectious disease of goats and sheep, accounted for 20% and 13% infectivity in respective species. In chicken the most frequently occurring diseases reported were Newcastle disease (28%), fowl cholera (19%) and coccidiosis (11%). In ducks, duck viral enteritis (28%), duck viral hepatitis (17%), diarrhoea (15%), coccidiosis (10%) and intestinal helminthiasis (10%) were the commonest diseases reported in Bangladesh. Few other endemic diseases of livestock and poultry like Tuberculosis, brucellosis, avian influenza, duck anatipestifer, Marek’s disease, Gumboro disease, avian tuberculosis, mycoplasmosis, dermatophilosis etc. were not included in the hospital data sheet. Financial hurdles persist in a country like Bangladesh, imposing difficulties onto the surveillance and early reporting of the disease outbreaks; these diseases are, therefore, stubbornly prevalent. Development of technological and knowledgeable man power, in time surveillance and early warning of disease outbreak are the key to protect animal and public health and produce safe food of animal origin.SAARC J. Agri., 16(1): 129-144 (2018)

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20

Usevich, Vera, N. Kurochkina, M. Drozd, and Ol'ga Petrova. "Features of parasitocenosis in eimeriosis in young ruminants." Agrarian Bulletin of the, no. 14 (February 3, 2021): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2021-14-91-100.

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Abstract. The prevalence of coccidiosis diseases of various animal species has a global scale, so this problem has attracted the attention of veterinary specialists around the world. The purpose of this study was to study the specific features of the species composition and laboratory diagnostics of eimeriosis in young ruminants and to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment and prevention when using drugs from different groups. The material for the study was goats and calves. The research was carried out on the basis of two farms of the same agricultural holding in the Sverdlovsk region. Diagnostics was performed based on clinical and laboratory studies. Results of the study. The main pathogens in the goat breeding complex in goats of different ages were identified: the main causative agent of coccidiosis in 120-day-old goats was Eimeria arloingi, which accounted for 54 % of all detected oocysts in the samples. Eimeriosis occurred as a mixed invasion of Eimeria arloingi with Eimeria ninaekohlyakimovae (33 %) and Eimeria intracata (13 %). Eimeria arloingi (68 %), in 21-days-old goats – Eimeria ninaekohlyakimovae (32 %). Eimeriosis caused by Eimeria bovis was detected in 30-days-old calves (100 %). The article describes the results of using various anticoccidial drugs in the treatment and prevention of eimeriosis. A comparative evaluation of the therapeutic effectiveness of known coccidiostatics is given. The economic efficiency of different groups of drugs was evaluated. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the morphological and quantitative assessment of parasitocenoses in eimeriosis in young ruminants was carried out. A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of various traditional remedies and a new drug for the treatment of eimeriosis in calves and goats was carried out. Conclusion. Not all of the drugs used have the same therapeutic effectiveness both in terms of treatment time and the quality of elimination of the etiological factor.

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21

Soundararajan, C., K. Nagarajan, A. C. Satish, and M. Arul Prakash. "Use of tamarind seed coat powder for controlling coccidiosis in goats." Indian Journal of Small Ruminants (The) 25, no. 2 (2019): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0973-9718.2019.00033.3.

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22

Kanyari, P. W. N. "Experimental infections with coccidiosis and serum antibody quantitation in two breeds of goats." Veterinary Parasitology 28, no. 1-2 (April 1988): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(88)90014-3.

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23

Hsieh, Meng-Ting, Jyh-Mirn Lai, Yao-Chi Su, Wei-Che Kung, Cheng-Hsun Lee, and Hui-Xin Weng. "CASE REPORT: THE EMERGENCE OF ANTICOCCIDIAL-RESISTANT STRAINS OF Eimeria IN TAIWAN." Taiwan Veterinary Journal 46, no. 01 (February 5, 2020): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1682648519720065.

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Although anticoccidial-resistant Eimeria spp. have been reported in avian industry, it has yet to be officially identified in dairy goats in Taiwan. This paper describes Eimeria strains, identified from a five-week-old kid, found to be resistant to sulfonamide drugs, due to the fact that the number of oocysts per gram of feces (O.P.G.) remained to be 9200 after seven consecutive days of treatment and only dropped to zero after another two consecutive days of treatment with toltrazuril. We believe this is the first paper to identify the emergence of an anticoccidial-resistant Eimeria spp. strain, and further investigation should be warranted. This paper would help farmers and veterinarians consider an alternative treatment protocol when dealing with coccidiosis in the goat industry.

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24

Rout, P. K., S. C. Bishop, K. K. Chauhan, and S. K. Singh. "Genetic resistance to natural coccidiosis infection in goats in a semi-arid region of India." Cogent Food & Agriculture 1, no. 1 (August 19, 2015): 1071928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2015.1071928.

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25

Mat Yusof, Afzan, and Muhammad Lokman Md Isa. "Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodiasis and coccidiosis in goats from three selected farms in Terengganu, Malaysia." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 6, no. 9 (September 2016): 735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.07.001.

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26

Bawm, Saw, Tay Zar Bhone Win, Shwe Yee Win, Lat Lat Htun, Ryo Nakao, and Ken Katakura. "First detection of Eimeria species in Myanmar domestic goats with both microscopic and molecular methods." Parasite 27 (2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2020037.

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Coccidiosis is of great economic importance in many farm animals. This study involved analysis of 280 faecal samples collected from 12 traditional goat farms from Nay Pyi Taw area, Myanmar. Faecal samples were examined by the flotation method and concentrated oocysts were identified on the basis of morphological characters. Of 280 faecal samples examined, 168 (60.0%) were positive for Eimeria oocysts. Three different Eimeria species were identified and their positive detection rates in the herd were: E. arloingi (25.4%), followed by E. hirci (20.7%) and E. christenseni (13.9%). Identifications were confirmed by 18S rDNA and COI sequences. 18S rDNA sequences showed 100% homology with, respectively, E. christenseni reported from Australia, E. arloingi reported from Australia and Iran, and E. hirci from Australia. COI sequences of E. christenseni, E. hirci, and E. arloingi, respectively, exhibited 98.9%, 98.4%, and 98.5% similarities with those reported from Australia. This is the first report of Eimeria infection in Myanmar goats.

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27

Paul, Bura Thlama, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse, Eric Lim Teik Chung, Azlan Che’Amat, and Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila. "Risk Factors and Severity of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Selected Small Ruminants from Malaysia." Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7040208.

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The productivity of smallholder sheep and goat flocks is constrained by high morbidity and mortality of young stock due to helminthosis and coccidiosis. We hypothesized that gastrointestinal parasites are prevalent and may cause severe infections amongst small ruminants in Malaysia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between March and December 2019 to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and levels of infection with gastrointestinal strongyle and coccidia in selected smallholder goat flocks in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. A total of 257 blood and fecal samples and management data were collected from four farms in Negeri Sembilan. Gastrointestinal parasites were detected by routine sodium chloride floatation, and the McMaster technique was used to quantify the fecal eggs/oocysts per gram outputs (EPG/OPG). The severity of infection was classified as mild (50–799), moderate (800–1200), or severe (>1200). The packed cell volume (PCV) was determined by microhematocrit centrifugation and classified as anemic or non-anemic. Coprological examination revealed an overall prevalence of 78.6% (CI = 72.74–83.44) and 100% flock level prevalence of strongyle and coccidia infection among goats from Negeri Sembilan with a higher infection in flock A-Lenggeng (95.6%) than B-Senawang (87.3%), D-Mendom (80.6%), or C-Seremban (60.0%). The co-infections of strongyle + Eimeria (50.6; CI = 44.50 to 56.64) were more common than single infections of either strongyle (16.7%; CI = 12.66 to 21.78) or Eimeria (4.3%; CI = 2.41 to 7.50). Quantitative analysis has revealed different (p < 0.05) patterns of EPG/OPG in various categories of goats. In total, there were 49.8% mild, 8.6% moderate, and 13.6% severe infections of strongyle and 40.1% mild, 6.6% moderate, and 19.8% severe infections of coccidia among goats. The mean PCV of goats with severe strongyle infection (24.60 ± 0.85) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the moderate (26.90 ± 1.15), or mild (28.23 ± 0.50) infections and the uninfected (30.4 ± 0.71). There were increased odds of infection with strongyle and coccidia among female (OR = 3.2) and adult (OR = 11.0) goats from smallholder flocks in Negeri Sembilan. In conclusion, gastrointestinal strongyles and coccidia occur at high frequency among smallholder goats, and there is a higher risk of infection amongst the adult and female stock.

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Schlemmer, Samantha N., Alycia P. Fratzke, Philippa Gibbons, Brian F. Porter, Joanne Mansell, Richard J. Ploeg, Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann, Caitlin E. Older, and Sabrina D. Clark. "Histoplasmosis and multicentric lymphoma in a Nubian goat." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 31, no. 5 (August 5, 2019): 770–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638719868810.

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Following treatment for pneumonia, a 1-y-old female Nubian goat was presented because of a persistent fever for 3 mo and peripheral lymphadenopathy for 1 mo. Cytology and histology of the superficial cervical and prefemoral lymph nodes demonstrated a moderate-to-marked “left-shifted” lymphoid population, suggestive of lymphoma, and extremely rare extracellular, 2–4 µm, oval, basophilic yeast, consistent with Histoplasma capsulatum. On immunohistochemistry, >95% of the lymphocytes demonstrated positive cytoplasmic and membranous immunoreactivity for CD3. Histoplasma spp. urine antigen and serum antibody testing were positive and negative, respectively. Panfungal PCR and sequencing of DNA extracted from scrolls of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue yielded matches to H. capsulatum with 99–100% identity. Given the poor prognosis and persistent pyrexia, the animal was euthanized. Postmortem examination confirmed concurrent multicentric, intermediate-size, T-cell, lymphoblastic lymphoma and histoplasmosis; lesions consistent with intestinal coccidiosis and suspected pulmonary Rhodococcus equi were also noted. Although dimorphic fungi have been described previously in goats, lesions of Histoplasma spp. had not been documented in this species, to our knowledge. Given the low disease burden, it is suspected that the lymphoma was primary, leading to an immunocompromised state and development of secondary, opportunistic infections.

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29

Schatten, Heide, David Sibley, and Hans Ris. "High Resolution Low Voltage Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy on De-Embedded Thick Sections Reveals Structural Interactions of the Surface of the Apicomplexan Parasite Toxoplasma Gondii with the Host Cell in the Parasitophorous Vacuole." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 648–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760003573x.

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The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii represents a large group of Apicomplexan parasites with a highly unusual motility system that is crucial for cell locomotion and host cell invasion. Studying the motility system and interactions with host cells will increase our knowledge on how to prevent infection. Apicomplexan parasites can cause considerable health problems to animals including sheep, goats, pigs, and chicken. Eimeria is known as a pathogen of coccidiosis in chicken, and Cryptosporidium causes cryptospiridiosis in cattle and other farm animals. Toxoplasma gondii can cause infection that results in abortion, central nervous disorders and death of stressed and immunocompromised farm animals. Common to all Apicomplexan parasites is an unconventional motility system that is thought to be actively involved in host-cell invasion. However, the structural and biochemical characterization of Apicomplexan parasites has proven more difficult than previously thought because of genetic and behavioral differences of the parasites’ cytoskeletal proteins that differ from those in well studied mammalian systems.

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30

Schafer, K. A., G. W. Stevenson, and K. R. Kazacos. "Hepatic Coccidiosis Associated with Hepatic Necrosis in a Goat." Veterinary Pathology 32, no. 6 (November 1995): 723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589503200618.

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Hepatic coccidiosis, usually caused by a member of the genus Eimeria, is common in rabbits but rare in other mammals. We describe the first reported case of naturally occurring hepatic coccidiosis in a goat. An approximately 6-month-old crossbred goat was presented with a history of diarrhea for 1 week and death. The liver had grossly visible, coalescing foci of necrosis measuring up to 6 cm in greatest dimension. Microscopically, areas of coagulative necrosis also had ectatic and hyperplastic bile ducts that contained coccidial meronts, macrogamonts, and microgamonts within the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. Bile duct lumina contained scattered oocysts. Fibrosis and aggregates of lymphocytes surrounded affected ducts. Microscopic and ultrastructural characteristics of coccidian stages were compatible with the genus Eimeria, but the species could not be determined. The small intestine also had coccidios])L however, it was unclear whether or not the same coccidian species affected both the liver and the intestine.

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31

Dai, Yabin, Menchu Lin, Shenxing Zhang, and Aoqi Fu. "Hepatic coccidiosis in the goat." International Journal for Parasitology 21, no. 3 (June 1991): 381–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(91)90045-9.

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32

Mahmoud, O. M., E. M. Haroun, and A. Sulman. "Hepato-biliary coccidiosis in a dairy goat." Veterinary Parasitology 53, no. 1-2 (May 1994): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(94)90012-4.

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Ekawasti, Fitrine, and April H. Wardhana. "Coccidiosis Disease in Cattle in Indonesia and Development of Diagnostic Techniques." Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 29, no. 3 (September 8, 2019): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v29i3.2010.

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Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan of the order Coccidia, the family Eimeriidae of the genus Eimeria which breeds rapidly in the digestive tract and is the most difficult disease to be controlled on cattle farms. Eimeria spp. in cattle can cause high economic losses and increase susceptibility against infectious diseases. Therefore, coccidiosis in cattle needs attention from the government. This paper reviews a number of diagnostic methods that can be used in the detection of Eimeria spp. in cattle based on the goals and objectives of the examination. The coccidiosis cases often do not show any clinical symptoms but can cause sudden death in livestock. The diagnostic method that still used at present is based on its morphology that should not be used in identifying Eimeria species because the morphological characteristics Eimeria spp. have similar shape and size structures between species (resembling morphology). An appropriate diagnostic method for Eimeria is needed in the context of controlling coccidiosis strategically.

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Ruiz, Antonio, Aránzazu C. Guedes, María C. Muñoz, José M. Molina, Carlos Hermosilla, Sergio Martín, Yeray I. Hernández, et al. "Control strategies using diclazuril against coccidiosis in goat kids." Parasitology Research 110, no. 6 (December 23, 2011): 2131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2746-0.

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Rabbi, F., MS Mannan, MA Imtiaz, S. Chowdhury, and MAM Prodhan. "A Survey of Livestock and Poultry along with Mortality Trends of Goat at Kaunia Upzilla, Rangpur, Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 12, no. 2 (December 22, 2014): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i2.21278.

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This investigational survey was carried out to explore the livestock along with mortality of goat at eight different villages of Kaunia upzilla, Rangpur, Bangladesh from 10th March to 10th July 2013. A pre-structured questionnaire data were collected based on livestock, breed, age, sex, housing pattern, grazing, vaccination and deworming history, diseases, treatment, causes of death with mortality. A total of 808 species of livestock and poultry were recorded through survey where 38% were goat and 42.5% were poultry. Only 6.5% livestock were vaccinated and 7% were dewormed. Statistically significant difference in vaccination and deworming was reputed with different breeds (p ?0.05) whether no significant variation was observed with sex and grazing (p>0.05). About 42.24% goat kids were mortal due to coldness, pneumonia along with diarrhea (37.5%), coccidiosis (37.21%) and Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) (14.86%). PPR was the major focal cause of mortality in adult male (33.11%), female (28.38%) and growing goat (23.65%) which was followed by diarrhea, coccidiosis, pneumonia, urogenital infection, dystocia and poisoning. The study has assessed probable mortality, diseases and hazards of goat rearing which should be subsided and clinically managing as well. However, extensive work with preventive intervention (regular deworming, vaccination) and improvement of husbandry practices are suggested for the expansion of goat rearing in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i2.21278 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (2): 155-160

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Gazyagci, Aycan Nuriye. "Coccidiosis Due to Eimeria arloingi Infection in a Saanen Goat Kid." Research Journal for Veterinary Practitioners 3, no. 2 (2015): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14737/journal.rjvp/2015/3.2.29.32.

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Oruc, E. "Histopathological findings in naturally occurring biliary coccidiosis in a goat kid." Veterinary Record 160, no. 3 (January 20, 2007): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.160.3.93.

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Ruiz, Antonio, María Carmen Muñoz, José Manuel Molina, Carlos Hermosilla, Marisa Andrada, Pedro Lara, Elisa Bordón, et al. "Immunization with Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae-live attenuated oocysts protect goat kids from clinical coccidiosis." Veterinary Parasitology 199, no. 1-2 (January 2014): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.09.032.

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Amin, Mohammad Rohul. "Prevalence of common parasitic and infectious diseases of goat at Babugonj upazilla, Barisal, Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 1, no. 3 (February 23, 2016): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v1i3.26453.

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This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of common parasitic and infectious diseases of goat at Babugonj upazilla, Barisal, Bangladesh. The study was performed in Veterinary Clinic, ANSVM, PSTU and Upazilla Veterinary Hospital, Babugonj, Barisal during June, 2014 to May, 2015. The diseases were diagnosed on basis of clinical signs, owners statement, general clinical examinations and laboratory diagnosis. A socio-economic survey of 200 destitute women and marginal/poor farmers of Barisal district was also done using a semi-structured questionnaire on their household. 70% of the respondents were females while 30% were males. 65% respondents were involved in agriculture, 13% in own business, 3% in shared business, 2% in govt. service and 17% in non-govt. service. 39% respondents had knowledge about signs of health of goat followed by management (74%), goat diseases (24%), veterinary drugs (20%), animal vaccine (14%) and biosecurity (13%). 53% animal houses were kacha followed by tin (41%) and pukka (2%). Goat received feed from own fodder areas (52%), purchase concentrate (5%) and both (43%). Respondents used tube-well (24%), river (18%), canal (26%) and ponds (32%) as the source of water for their goat. The prevalence of parasitic diseases was 41.33% followed by infectious diseases (39.34%) in goat. The prevalence of parasitic diseases was highest in rainy season 51.28% followed by autumn (41.61%), summer (40.37%) and winter (27.98%). The prevalence of infectious diseases was highest in winter 52.60% followed by autumn (37.55%), summer (37.47%) and rainy season (32.42%). Among viral diseases, prevalence of PPR was highest 8.52% followed by FMD (6.81%), goat pox (2.68%), contagious ecthyma (1.76%) and rabies (0.25%). The prevalence of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) was highest in winter (15.86%). The prevalence of pneumonia was highest 8.71% in whole year among the bacterial diseases. The prevalence of fungal disease (ringworm) was 1.44% in goat. The prevalence of trematodiasis was 12.60% followed by nematodiasis (11.27%), babesiosis (2.18%), tape worm infection (2.03%) and coccidiosis (1.19%). The prevalence of ecto-parasitic diseases was 12.06% .The prevalence of trematodiasis was highest in rainy season (18.01%). The prevalence of babesiosis was highest in summer (3.81%) and coccidiosis in winter (3.81%). The prevalence of ecto-parasitic diseases was lowest in winter (8.88%). The results of the present study will be helpful for scientists, extension service providers and veterinary practitioners for designing appropriate control measures for such diseases of goat.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 449-456

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Al-Mahmood, Saevan Saad. "Gross and histopathological study on common carp Cyprinus carpio L. diseases in rearing culturing ponds in Kirkuk Province – Iraq." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 41, no. 1 (June 5, 2017): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v41i1.91.

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The present study aimed to investigate the infection ratio and pathological lesions in common carp fish in Kirkuk province. To achieve these goals, a survey study was conducted from 01/12/2015 to 01/04/2016. Results of the survey study showed that the infection ratio of acidity and alkalinity of pond’s water 27.88% (46/165), bacterial kidney infection 20% (33/165), water mold (saprolegniasis) 12.12% (20/165), spring viremia of common carp 11.52% (19/165), Coccidiosis 11.52% (19/165), fungal gill rot infection 7.27% (12/165), hemorrhagic septicemia 6.67% (11/165) and enteric parasite infection 3.03% (3/165). Pathological study showed that lesions in acidic and alkaline of pond’s water consisted from necrosis with sloughing of scales and intestinal mucinous degeneration as well as necrosis of intestinal villi. In bacterial kidney infection lesion consist of diphtheric membrane cover abdominal cavity and presence of microorganisms in renal cortex and medulla. In Saprolegnia sp. infection the pathognomic lesions were recorded which consist from fungal hyphae extended from fish body into water. In spring viremia of common carp lesions consist from exophthalmia and pinpoint hemorrhage on fish body with presence of pseudodiphtheric membrane associated with hemorrhagic exudate as well as extensive necrosis of intestinal villi. In Eimeria sp. infection lesions composed from presence of infective stages of coccidian parasites in enterocytes. In fungal gill rot infection the mosaic appearance lesion was observed consisted from necrotic area (white color) and health area (red color). In hemorrhagic septicemia infection lesions consist from ulcers surrounded by areas of hyperemia with extensive necrosis of intestinal lining. In enteric parasites infection we noted presence of large numbers of worms in intestinal lumen, also there is nodule in intestinal mucosa contain nematods of 2 cm in length, in other cases there is presence of worms inserted in intestinal mucosa of 30 cm length covered with fibrous membrane. It concluded from this study that the infection ratio with different diseases in common carp varied in compared with other countries and depends upon changes in climate and breeding habits as well as the gross and microscopic lesions are identical to that recorded worldwide.

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Snyman, M. A., and A. E. Snyman. "The possible role of Ostertagia circumcincta, coccidiosis and dietary protein level in the development of swelling disease in Angora goat kids." Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 76, no. 2 (June 13, 2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v76i2.399.

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A trial was carried out to investigate the possible role of Ostertagia circumcincta, coccidiosis and level of protein in the diet in the development of swelling disease in Angora goat kids. Eighty Angora goat kids were bought from 5 producers whose flocks had a history of swelling disease. These kids were kept in enclosures at Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute near Middelburg (Eastern Cape) for the duration of the experiment. The animals received a combination of the following treatments: a) high protein vs normal protein diet; b) Ostertagia circumcincta infection or no O. circumcincta infection; c) coccidial infection or no coccidial infection. Data recorded included weekly body weight, weekly total plasma protein levels (TPP), weekly faecal egg counts, weekly coccidial oocyst counts and haematology at Weeks 1, 5, 9, 13 and 16. The goats were also monitored daily for any clinical symptoms. There was no specific trend in any of the parameters measured among the different treatment groups at any stage during the experimental period. The goats were shorn during Week 10 of the experiment. On Monday 6 September 2004 (Week 12 of the study), 19 of the goats developed some subcutaneous oedema. The Saturday (4 September 2004) was rather hot (30 oC), followed by very cold rainy conditions (11 oC) on Sunday (5 September 2004). Twelve of the goats developed what can be described as little oedema, while 7 developed moderate oedema. The number of goats that developed oedema was fairly evenly distributed among the various treatment groups. As far as the specific treatments are concerned, more goats on the normal protein diet developed moderate oedema than the goats on the high protein diet. Body weights of goats that developed moderate oedema were lower throughout the experimental period than body weights of goats that developed little or no oedema, while TPP of goats that developed moderate oedema were lower from Week 5 of the study onwards. There were also no significant differences at any stage throughout the experimental period in faecal egg counts, faecal coccidial oocyst counts or any of the blood parameters between goats that developed moderate oedema, little oedema and those that did not develop any oedema. No goats developed full-blown swelling disease during the course of the experiment. It is possible that the treatments applied in this study are not inductive of the disease, or the effects of the treatments were not severe enough to induce swelling disease.

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Kisani, AI, CA Akwuobu, and N. Wachida. "Pneumonic Pasteurellosis Complicated by Coccidiosis and Helminthiasis in Goats: A Case Report." Kenya Veterinarian 34, no. 1 (July 28, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/kenvet.v34i1.68402.

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Iqbal, A., K. A. Tariq, V. S. Wazir, and R. Singh. "Antiparasitic efficacy of Artemisia absinthium, toltrazuril and amprolium against intestinal coccidiosis in goats." Journal of Parasitic Diseases, July 24, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12639-012-0137-9.

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Kaur, Sukhmeet, L. D. Singla, B. S. Sandhu, M. S. Bal, and P. Kaur. "Coccidiosis in goats: Pathological observations on intestinal developmental stages and anticoccidial efficacy of amprolim." Indian Journal of Animal Research, no. 00 (January 30, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-3471.

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In an outbreak of coccidiosis at a goat farm having 200 animals of different age groups (0-3 months, 4-6 months and 7-9 months), kept under stall fed conditions, mortality of 2 kids aged 2-3 months in a span of 2-3 days was seen. The kids were having a history of severe diarrhoea, anorexia and general weakness. Standard qualitative and quantitative coprological examination of randomly collected faecal samples from 60 goats of different age groups revealed that 58 (96.66%) were infected with coccidian oocysts. Among positive samples, 25(43.10%) were heavily infected (OPG=5000-1,23,000), 22(37.93%) had a moderate (OPG=1000-5000) and 11(18.96%) had a mild (OPG=100-1000) infection. Significant difference (P less than 0.05) observed in the mean OPG between the 3 age categories with highest infection in kids with the age group of less than or equal to 3 months,followed by 4-6 months and 7-9 months. Mixed infection of five Eimeria species, namely E. arloingi, E. ninakohlyakimovae, E. christenseni, E. hirci and E. alijevi was seen and E. arloingi was most predominant species among them. Systematic necropsies of naturally died kids of coccidial infection revealed small whitish non-pedunculated nodules in the small intestine. Histopathologically, these nodules revealed papillary hyperplasia of the mucosal epithelium with mild to moderate inflammatory reaction with the presence of developmental stages of Eimeria including trophozoites, schizonts, microgamonts, macrogamonts and oocysts in the epithelium of affected intestinal villi and crypts. The affected animals were successfully treated with amprolium @ dose rate of 2g/40kg body weight. Significant reduction in the oocysts count (P less than 0.01) 7 days post treatment 610.52±201.17 was seen compared to pre treatment values (10685.96±3128.22).

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Bakunzi, F. R., S. N. Thwane, L. E. Motsei, and B. M. Dzoma. "Diversity and seasonal occurrence of Eimeria species in a mixed flock of communally reared sheep and goats in Mafikeng in the North West Province, South Africa." Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 81, no. 3 (May 18, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v81i3.137.

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Diversity and seasonal occurrence of coccidia in a communally reared mixed flock of sheep and goats at Mafikeng, North West Province, South Africa, was determined between March 2008 and February 2009. Faecal specimens were collected directly from the rectum of the animals and the number of oocysts per gram of faeces (opg) determined. The mean monthly opg for goats was significantly higher than that for sheep. Higher oocyst counts were observed during the hot, rainy season than during the cold, dry season. The highest mean values for both the sheep (862.5 opg) and goats (1200 opg) were recorded during March. Six species (Eimeria crandallis, E. bakuensis, E. weybridgensis, E. ahsata, E. intricata, and E. ovinoidalis) were recovered from sheep, with E. crandallis and E. bakuensis occurring most frequently. The last 2 species, together with E. ahsata, are considered among the most pathogenic species in sheep. In goats, 7 species (E. arloingi, E. jolchijevi, E. caprina, E. alijevi, E. caprovina, E. christenseni and E. hirci) were recovered, with E. arloingi and E. jolchijevi occurring most frequently. Up to 5 Eimeria species were recovered from individual specimens in goats while up to 4 were recovered in sheep. No cross-infections between goats and sheep were recorded and no clinical coccidiosis was noted during the study. It is increasingly becoming evident that the pathogenic E. arloingi is one of the most commonly occurring Eimeria species in goats in South Africa.

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Ikpeze, O. O., C. I. Eneanya, and P. N. Ikerionwu. "Prevalence of Coccidiosis in West African Dwarf (WAD) goats at Mgbakwu, Anambra state, south-eastern Nigeria." Zoologist (The) 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tzool.v7i1.52076.

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SILVA, M. A., I. DECONTO, M. V. FERRARI, L. E. KOZICKI, and R. C. D. VILANI. "SEVERE COCCIDIOSIS ASSOCIATED TO FETAL DEATH IN GOAT - A CASE REPORT." Archives of Veterinary Science 6, no. 1 (December 31, 2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/avs.v6i1.3908.

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"EVALUATION OF TEAR SECRETION IN GOAT KIDS WITH COCCIDIOSIS BY SCHIRMER TEAR TEST." Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal 67, no. 168 (January 1, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/avmj.2021.177842.

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Al-Habsi, Khalid, Haytham Ali, Kaadhia Al-Kharousi, Elshafie Ibrahim Elshafie, Rashid Al-Busaidi, Anwar Muhiuddin, and Eugene Harper Johnson. "Vitamin B12 deficiency in newly weaned goat kids associated with clinical infection with Eimeria arloingi." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 29, no. 4 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612020078.

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Abstract A severe outbreak of diarrhea associated with poor growth was reported in ten newly weaned goat kids that originated from a research farm (Group A). Two of these kids underwent necropsy examination. Five goat kids of the same age maintained in the same pen showed no clinical signs (Group B). The clinical, gross pathological and histopathological features of the clinically sick animals were consistent with severe coccidiosis. Group A animals had significantly lower levels of serum vitamin B12 (<200 pg/ml) compared with group B animals (2000 pg/ml). In addition, kids belonging to group A had significantly higher Eimeria arloingi oocysts per gram (OPG) of faeces (101,400/g) compared with kids of group B (9,154/g). Microscopy and molecular tools (18S rRNA and COI genes) confirmed that the goat kids were infected with the caprine protozoan parasite E. arloingi. This study provides a definitive association between low levels of serum vitamin B12 and clinical E. arloingi infection, and also provides support to our previous studies that demonstrated how low levels of serum vitamin B12 leads to an impairment of neutrophil function and thereby potential lowered immunity to pathogens.

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Endalew, Mulualem A., and Fekadu S. Wakene. "Retrospective study on livestock vaccine coverage and trends in Digelu-tijo district, Arsi zone." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 8, no. 3 (December 31, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/008.03.3394.

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Ethiopia has huge numbers of livestock hampered with high prevalence of infectious disease due to poor disease prevention and control. A five-year retrospective study was conducted to collect data on commonly diagnosed bacterial and viral disease and associated vaccine available at district government veterinary clinic in 2019. The commonly encountered bacterial and viral cattle diseases recorded in the case record book were LSD, CBPP Black leg, Anthrax, Bovine pasteurellosis, and Mastitis. Sheep and goat pox disease, Ovine Pasteurellosis, PPR, CCPP, and anthrax were the common diseases of sheep and goat in the study district. Regarding diseases of poultry, New castle, Infectious Bursal Diseases (Gumboro), Infectious coriza, chicken pox, Coccidiosis, Fowl Typhoid, Fowl Cholera, and Marex are the major once. The commonly available vaccines in the study district were LSD, Black leg, Anthrax, Bovine pasteurellosis, Ovine pasteurellosis, Sheep and Goat Pox, PPR, and vaccine for chicken disease like New castle disease vaccine, Gumboro, Fowl Pox, Fowl typhoid and Fowl cholera were used. Vaccination coverage for Lumpy Skin Disease, Sheep and Goat pox and Newcastle viral diseases were good compared with other diseases. The majority 36% of the population of cattle were vaccinated for LSD in 2019 and the lowest 16% in 2015.The lower portion of shoat 8% and half of the population 50% were vaccinated in 2017 and 2019 respectively. Maximum proportion of Newcastle and Gumboro vaccination coverage were 53% and 42%. The vaccination trends for most of the vaccines were fluctuating from year to year whereas the vaccination trend for LSD was increasing from year to year.

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