Academic literature on the topic 'Coccidiostat'
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Journal articles on the topic "Coccidiostat"
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Jayasuriya, Hiranthi, Ziqiang Guan, Anne W. Dombrowski, et al. "Isolation, Structure, and Coccidiostat Activity of Coccidiostatin A." Journal of Natural Products 70, no. 8 (2007): 1364–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np0700523.
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Parks, Owen W. "Screening Tests for Sulfa Drugs and/or Dinitrobenzamide Coccidiostats and Their Monoamino Metabolites in Chicken Livers." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 68, no. 1 (1985): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/68.1.20.
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Abstract Two procedures were developed for the simultaneous determination of 0.1 ppm sulfaquinoxaline and sulfadimethoxine, 1.0 ppm Zoalene and nitromide, and/or 0.1 ppm of their reduced coccidiostat metabolities from the same sample of chicken liver. Both methods include blender extraction of 5 g liver with chloroform-ethyl acetate (1 + 1), adsorption of the drugs and metabolites on neutral alumina, and subsequent elution with 0.2M carbonate buffer (pH 11.0). In Method A, all parent drugs and coccidiostat metabolites were partitioned into dichloromethane, following the addition of a small amount of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH). The presence of the dinitrobenzamides was confirmed by the formation of a color with TBAH, which occurs when the solvent is concentrated (Zoalene = green; nitromide = red). Sulfa drugs and coccidiostat metabolites were detected by the Bratton- Marshall reaction after thin layer chromatographic (TLC) separation. Method B separates the individual classes by selective extraction techniques. The coccidiostats and their metabolites were extracted from the buffer eluate by ethyl acetate-dichloromethane (3 + 1) before ion pairing: sulfa drugs were extracted with dichloromethane after ion pairing with TBAH. The detection techniques were similar to those described for Method A.
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Annunziata, Loredana, Pierina Visciano, Arianna Stramenga, et al. "Investigation of Nonionophoric Coccidiostat Residues in Feed as a Consequence of Carryover." Journal of Food Protection 81, no. 3 (2018): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-414.
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ABSTRACT Residues of nonionophoric coccidiostats at carryover concentrations in feedstuffs collected from feed mills or animal farms in central Italy were detected as part of the official controls carried out from 2011 through 2016. The 118 samples were collected on the production line or during feed distribution and storage to determine the sampling sites at major risk of cross-contamination. For determination of nonionophoric coccidiostats, a fast, easy, and cheap method was developed and validated. Feed samples were extracted with acetonitrile-methanol and directly injected for liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 24 samples (20.3%) were positive, but only 5 (4.2%) of these samples exceeded the maximum limit set by European legislation. Most of the positive samples were collected from a batch of feed produced immediately following processing of another batch to which the coccidiostat robenidine had been added.
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Roila, Rossana, Raffaella Branciari, Ivan Pecorelli, et al. "Occurrence and Residue Concentration of Coccidiostats in Feed and Food of Animal Origin; Human Exposure Assessment." Foods 8, no. 10 (2019): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8100477.
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Occurring central Italy, 262 unmedicated feed samples and 353 samples of animal tissues and eggs are tested for coccidiostats between 2012 and 2017. A validated multi-residue HPLC-MS/MS method is applied for the simultaneous determination of the 11 coccidiostats licensed in the EU. The dietary exposure to coccidiostats through poultry meat and eggs is calculated for high consumers, and the contribution to acceptable daily intake of coccidiostats is evaluated. The occurrence of positive feed samples ranges from 17.2% in 2012 to 28.3% in 2017, with an average percentage of positive samples of 25%, while 3.8% of feed samples are non-compliant with a concentration ranging from 0.015 mg/kg for diclazuril to 56 mg/kg for narasin. Positive samples of animal tissues, on average, are 34.7%, fully compliant, while 16% of eggs are positive and violative residues are found in 2%. These noncompliant samples show a concentration varying from 2.4 µg/kg to 1002 µg/kg. The contribution of poultry meat and egg consumption to the acceptable daily intake of each coccidiostat is below 1%, highlighting a low direct risk to public health.
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Srinivasu, B., V. Chinni Preetam, Srinivas Gurram, and A. Rajashekher Reddy. "Comparative evaluation of herbal coccidiostat with chemotherapeutic coccidiostats on performance of broilers to control coccidiosis." Tropical Animal Health and Production 52, no. 4 (2020): 1985–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02220-x.
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Ekawasti, Fitrine, and E. Martindah. "Control of Coccidiosis in Chickens Through Herbal Medicine." Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 29, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v29i1.2048.
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Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria sp. is an important disease in poultry industry. In Indonesia, the morbidity due to this disease in poultry reaches up to 90%. The clinical symptoms of coccidiosis vary depending on the age of poultry and the species of Eimeria. If coccidiostat is not properly used in control and eradication program, it will cause resistance and residue in meat and egg. This paper aims to describe the optimal control of coccidiosis without chemical substances by using natural herbs. Resistance cases to Eimeria sp. cause the anti-coccidia ineffective therefore a safe and effective coccidiostat is needed. Currently, coccidiosis control using natural medicines from herbs was reported to be effective, safe, free of side effects and cheaper. An integrated coccidiosis control program can be applied along with biosecurity, vaccination, prebiotics and coccidiostat from herbs. Control of coccidiosis in chickens with herbal medicines can increase immunity, appetite and reduce stress so that it can suppress Eimeria sp. infestation.
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Liu, Jie, Shanshan Song, Aihong Wu, Xiaoling Wu, Jing Xiao, and Chuanlai Xu. "Development of a gold nanoparticle-based lateral-flow strip for the detection of dinitolmide in chicken tissue." Analytical Methods 12, no. 25 (2020): 3210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ay00885k.
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WAIBEL, P. E., J. E. ENUEME, J. C. HALVORSON, and R. J. GRANT. "Efficacy of Halofuginone as a Coccidiostat for Turkeys." Poultry Science 66, no. 10 (1987): 1629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0661629.
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Jeevanandan, V., and I. Kožárová. "Total Antibiotics — A New Possible Alternative for the Screening of Coccidiostat Residues in Poultry Meat." Folia Veterinaria 60, no. 3 (2016): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fv-2016-0022.
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Abstract The Total Antibiotics test is a microbial inhibition test which has been recently introduced for the detection of antibiotics in meat. The aim of this study was to determine whether it would be suitable for the detection of coccidiostats in poultry meat. A comparison with the Premi®Test was assessed also for the suitability of the detection of coccidiostats in poultry meat. A selection of poultry meat samples of different organ parts were assessed with 14 samples from Slovakian farms that had previously been tested for coccidiostats by the Veterinary and Food Institute in Košice. In addition, another 8 samples from varied Slovakian supermarkets such as Lidl, Billa and Tesco with samples of chicken or duck meat, were tested. Each prepared sample was added to the Total Antibiotics kit tubes and incubated. The samples from all sources showed a mixture of positive and negative results for the detection of coccidiostats. For the Premi®Test, the samples used the same extraction procedure as the Total Antibiotics, placed in Premi®Test kit tubes and incubated. The Premi®Test demonstrated a mixture of positive and negative results, as similar to the Total Antibiotics for coccidiostats in the poultry farm samples. However, the Premi Test revealed many more negative results for the supermarket sources compared to the Total Antibiotics. Therefore, based on the total number of positive results, we concluded that Total Antibiotics is more sensitive for the detection of coccidiostats in poultry meat, but depending on the source of the samples, both Total Antibiotics and Premi®Test had either similar or opposite results for the detection of coccidiostats.
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Campbell, William C. "History of the Discovery of Sulfaquinoxaline as a Coccidiostat." Journal of Parasitology 94, no. 4 (2008): 934–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/ge-1413.1.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Coccidiostat"
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Pulici, Patrícia Maria Meneghetti. "Avaliação da resposta do uso de óleo essencial de orégano comparado com promotores de crescimento convencionais e anticoccidianos no desempenho de frango de corte." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-04062013-122733/.
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A possível indução de resistência bacteriana devido a inclusão de antibióticos, e a pressão dos consumidores por produtos de qualidade, levaram a proibição do uso dos mesmos na alimentação animal. Diante destes acontecimentos, as buscas por alternativas em substituição aos antibióticos vêm sendo bastante enfatizadas na alimentação animal. Assim, os aditivos fitogênicos, extratos vegetais ou extratos herbais são a mais nova opção de produtos naturais que podem substituir os agentes antimicrobianos convencionais. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as características zootécnicas de desempenho (consumo, conversão alimentar e ganho de peso) em frangos de corte suplementados com óleo essencial de orégano. Foram utilizados 600 pintos de corte machos, da linhagem Cobb criados até 42 dias de idade sob cama nova de casca de arroz. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com 6 tratamentos, em arranjo fatorial 2x3, sendo: T1 - controle positivo (antibiótico e 0,05% de coccidiostático); T2 - controle negativo (sem aditivos); T3 0,05% de coccidiostático e 0,03% de óleo essencial de orégano) T4 0,03% de óleo essencial de orégano; T5 0,05% de coccidiostático e 0,05% de óleo essencial de orégano; T6 0,05% de óleo essencial de orégano, sendo 10 repetições/tratamento. Considerando-se o período total de criação, houve efeito tanto da adição do óleo essencial de orégano quanto da adição do coccidiostático no consumo de ração. Também houve efeito signifcativo da inclusão do óleo essencial de orégano nas rações para conversão alimentar no período de 1 a 42 dias de idade das aves. Em relação ao ganho médio de peso e ganho de peso total, houve interação entre o óleo essencial de orégano e o coccidiostático, sendo que a não associação do óleo essencial de orégano ou a inclusão de 0,03% do óleo essencial de orégano ao coccidiostático resultam em efeito significativo. A utilização do óleo essencial de orégano na alimentação de frangos de corte resulta em efeito significativo nas características de desempenho.<br>The induction of bacterial resistance due to the inclusion of antibiotics, and pressure from consumers for quality products, led to prohibition of their use in animal feed. Before these events, the search for alternatives to replace antibiotics have been widely emphasized in animal feed. So phytogenic additives, plant extracts or herbal extracts are the newest option of natural products that can replace the conventional antimicrobial agents. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the performance of husbandry characteristics (consumption, feed conversion and weight gain) in broilers supplemented with oregano essential oil. We used 600 male broiler chicks of Cobb created until 42 days under new bed of rice husk. The completely randomized design with 6 treatments in a factorial 2x3: T1 - positive control (antibiotic and 0.05% of coccidiostats), T2 - negative control (no additives), T3 - 0.05% coccidiostat, and 0 , 03% of essential oil of oregano) T4 - 0.03% essential oil of oregano; T5 - 0.05% 0.05% coccidiostat, and essential oil of oregano; T6 - 0.05% essential oil oregano, with 10 replicates / treatment. Considering the total period of creation, there was no effect of either adding essential oil of oregano as the addition of coccidiostat in feed intake. There was also significant effect of inclusion of the essential oil of oregano in feed rations during the period 1 to 42 days old birds. In relation to weight gain and total weight gain, there was an interaction between the essential oil of oregano and coccidiostat, is not that the association of the essential oil of oregano or the inclusion of 0.03% essential oil of oregano result of the coccidiostat in a significant effect. The use of oregano essential oil in the diet of broilers results in significant effect on the performance characteristics.
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Rubio, Méndez Daniela Paz. "Desarrollo y validación de un método de cromatografía líquida acoplado a detección por arreglo de diodos para la cuantificación de residuos de nicarbazina." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/131108.
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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico Veterinario<br>La Nicarbazina es un coccidiostato sintético utilizado en medicina veterinaria para el control protozoario (Eimeria sp) en pollos. Si no se respetan las dosis de aplicación y periodos de resguardo de estos fármacos, pueden quedar en forma de residuos en los tejidos destinados al consumo humano, los que pueden ocasionar efectos nocivos en la salud. Con el propósito de entregar productos sanos, se han establecido Límites Máximos Residuales (LMR), por lo que es importante contar con metodologías de análisis validadas para determinar dichos límites. Con este objetivo, en esta memoria se desarrolló un método simple y confiable para la detección de residuos de nicarbazina a través de cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia acoplado a detector de arreglo de diodos, que cumpla con los criterios de validación establecidos en la Comunidad Europea (2002/657/CE). Durante el desarrollo del método, el tipo y volumen de extractante, la forma de limpieza de la muestra y la composición de la fase móvil fue modificada hasta optimizarla. Finalmente el método validado consistió en 2 g de músculo de pollo que fueron fortificados y extraído el analito con 12 ml de acetonitrilo asistido con energía de ultrasonido, limpiada a través del uso de filtro y evaporado a sequedad bajo corriente de nitrógeno. Los extractos fueron reconstituidos en 500 μl de acetonitrilo/agua 1/1, para luego realizar el análisis instrumental en HPLC-DAD a 350 nm. El método fue validado según las directrices de la comunidad europea y el tejido de músculo de pollo fue fortificado a niveles de 100, 200 y 300 μg/Kg con el estándar de nicarbazina. El límite de decisión (CCα) fue de 205 μg/kg y la capacidad detección (CCβ) fue de 211 μg/kg. La recuperación fue mayor al 80% y el límite de detección fue de 10 μg/kg (basado en la curva matriz). Finalmente el método validado fue aplicado a un programa piloto de detección de residuos de medicamentos de uso veterinario en alimentos de origen animal, tal piloto fue desarrollado en conjunto entre el Instituto de Salud Pública (ISP) y el Ministerio de Salud (MINSAL).
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Barreto, Fabiano. "Identificação de perfis farmacocinéticos de resíduos de fármacos antimicrobianos utilizados na produção de frangos de corte." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/132155.
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Objetivo: O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi avaliar o perfil farmacocinético para os compostos enrofloxacino (ENRO) e seu principal metabólito, ciprofloxacino (CIPRO), e cloranfenicol (CAP) em frangos de corte visando subsidiar a tomada de ações para controle de resíduos de medicamentos veterinários em produtos de origem animal e a produção de materiais de referência para fins de controle de qualidade analítica. Métodos: Frangos machos da linhagem Cobb-Vantress foram utilizados nos experimentos para determinação da farmacocinética plasmática e níveis teciduais para os compostos ENRO/CIPRO (10 mg/kg), CAP (100 mg/kg) após administração em dose única oral e administração contínua através da água de consumo simulando as condições reais de produção. As concentrações plasmáticas e teciduais foram determinadas utilizando a técnica de cromatografia líquida acoplada à espectrometria de massas em tandem (LC-MS/MS) através de métodos desenvolvidos e validados in house. Análise farmacocinética nãocompartimental e modelagem compartimental dos dados foram realizadas utilizando o software WinNonlin e NONMEM v.6, respectivamente. Para determinação das concentrações teciduais os animais foram sacrificados em tempos pré-definidos e amostras de plasma, músculo e fígado coletadas para os compostos ENRO/CIPRO e plasma e músculo para CAP. Resultados e Discussão: Três métodos multirresíduos para determinação de medicamentos veterinários incluindo diferentes compostos pertencentes às classes químicas ou terapêuticas previstas nesse projeto foram desenvolvidos utilizando LCMS/ MS com limites de quantificação (LOQ) em acordo com os propósitos de aplicação das metodologias. Além disso, métodos específicos para a análise dos compostos individuais nas amostras de plasma foram desenvolvidos para a determinação dos perfis farmacocinéticos em plasma. Conclusões: com base nos dados gerados foi possível implementar novas metodologias para o controle de resíduos de medicamentos veterinários relevantes na produção de aves de corte, bem como o estudo dos perfis farmacocinéticos e depleção tecidual permitiram o delineamento correto das etapas de planejamento e predição de valores encontrados em amostras experimentais. De forma complementar, os dados gerados permitirão a produção de amostras naturalmente contaminadas contendo os fármacos em questão para a produção de materiais de referência com o objetivo de serem utilizados para controle de qualidade analítico.<br>Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile for compounds enrofloxacin (ENRO) and its major metabolite, ciprofloxacin (CIPRO), and chloramphenicol (CAP) in broilers in order to support the actions taken to vet drugs residues control in animal products and production of reference materials for purposes of analytical quality control. Methods: Cobb- Vantress male broilers were used in experiments to determine the plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue levels to ENRO / CIPRO (10 mg / kg) and CAP (100 mg / kg) after single oral dose administration and continuous administration compounds through drinking water simulating the production conditions. Plasma and tissue concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using inhouse developed and validated methods. The non-compartmental and compartmental pharmacokinetic data modeling was performed using WinNonlin software and NONMEM v.6, respectively. For determination of tissue concentrations, animals were sacrificed at predefined times and plasma, muscle and liver samples collected for ENRO/ CIPRO and plasma and muscle samples to CAP. Results and Discussion: Three mutiresidue methods for determination of veterinary drugs including compounds belonging to same chemical and therapeutic classes in this project were developed using LCMS/ MS with limits of quantification (LOQ) in accordance with the purposes of application of methodologies. Furthermore, specific for analyzing individual compounds in the plasma samples methods have been developed for determination of plasma pharmacokinetic profiles. Conclusions: Based on the data generated was possible to implement new methodologies for control of veterinary drug residues relevant in broiler production, as well as the study of pharmacokinetic profiles and tissue depletion allowed the correct delineation of planning and predicting values found in experimental samples. As a complement, the data generated will enable the production incurred samples containing the drugs for production of reference materials for analytical quality control purposes.
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Gustafsson, Erik. "Broiler producers´ perspectives on bacterial resilience; evaluating a potential of hops." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388656.
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An interview study was undertaken to explore Swedish broiler producers´ views for the potential of hops (H. lupulus L.) to reduce reliance on ionophorous coccidiostats in broiler production. The design was a mixed methodology between grounded theory and case study with a semi structured interview method. Nine producers, four using ionophorous coccidiostats and five without reliance in production accepted interview. During interviews participants were presented to research conducted with hops in production and consequences from ionophores in production. All participants thought the risk from pathogen pressure was too great to cut reliance in intensive production owed to the lower efficacy of hops. Therefore owed to how actors in the Swedish food system behave only small producers with enough economical freedom for reduced stocking densities were regarded to be able to uphold animal health with hops. Six parameters within food systems were regarded as leverage points for a potential of hops in production on a larger societal scale if encouraging a more extensive nationwide production system. Those were: purchase will, small local production, increased responsibility within trade, law, elevated consumers and research. Law was seen as a necessity to enforce all other denominators since economical in food systems tend to override social and ecological dimensions. Consequences from power struggle in food systems disfavoring producers has although resulted in a great distrust towards other system actors such as consumers, legal institutions or wholesalers. That has created a reluctance to interact with other system actors even for common goals. A stronger position to other actors in food systems was regarded as increasing a meaningful outcome from interaction. Four parameters emerged as impacting power relations in a system the most: Purchase will, contracts, own designed production and law. Favorable purchase will and law would contribute the most for increasing adaptivity for alternatives in production by impacting on power relations. No producers had observed indicators of bacterial resistance from ionophorous coccidiostat usage. Lack of research for many years in the field was troublesome for how to develop the enterprise according to participants. Especially in relation to Norway that has abolished the static use of ionophorous coccidiostats in production. About half of the participants although regarded a shift in research towards consequences from intensive production as equally important as focusing on alternative antimicrobials.
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Marquês, Nuno André da Silva Perdigão. "Contaminação cruzada por resíduos de substâncias farmacologicamente ativas no fabrico de alimentos compostos para animais." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13262.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária<br>A contaminação cruzada é inevitável no fabrico de alimentos compostos para animais e pode ocorrer ao longo de todo o circuito de fabrico. O seu controlo é essencial, especialmente em fábricas que produzem alimentos para diversas espécies e que recorrem a substâncias farmacologicamente ativas sujeitas a restrições de utilização na alimentação animal, como é o caso dos coccidiostáticos e dos medicamentos veterinários.
Neste trabalho pretendeu-se caracterizar o processo de fabrico de alimentos compostos para animais em Portugal e avaliar as medidas técnicas implementadas pelos fabricantes para prevenir e reduzir as contaminações cruzadas. Nos procedimentos de autocontrolo de contaminação cruzada e homogeneidade, essenciais para garantir a segurança e qualidade dos alimentos produzidos, foram identificadas 238 falhas, correspondendo a uma taxa de incumprimento de 31%.
Dados obtidos sobre alimentos compostos com incorporação de coccidiostáticos, moléculas utilizadas e respetivas espécies alvo de destino permitiram uma caraterização inédita da sua produção em Portugal. Em 2014 foram produzidas 911 074 toneladas destes alimentos, destinados essencialmente a frangos de engorda e coelhos. Entre 2012 e 2014, do total de alimentos compostos produzidos para frangos de engorda e coelhos, respetivamente, 87,6% e 92,3% continham coccidiostáticos o que se traduz numa utilização massiva na produção destes animais.<br>ABSTRACT - CROSS-CONTAMINATION BY RESIDUES OF PHARMACOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN COMPOUND FEED PRODUCTION - Cross-contamination is unavoidable in compound feed production and may occur at several steps during the whole production process. Their control is essential, in particular in plants that produce feed for multiple species and use pharmacologically active substances under restrictions of use in animal feed, such as coccidiostats and veterinary drugs.
This study characterises the manufacturing process of compound feed in Portugal and evaluates the technical measures implemented by the manufacturers to prevent and reduce cross-contamination. In the cross-contamination and homogeneity auto-control procedures, which are essential to guarantee the safety and quality of the feed produced, 238 faults were identified, corresponding to a non-compliance rate of 31%.
Data obtained on compound feed containing coccidiostats, molecules used and respective target species allowed for an unprecedented characterisation of their production in Portugal. In 2014, 911 074 tonnes of these types of feed were produced, mainly for chickens for fattening and rabbits. Between 2012 and 2014, of the total compound feed produced for chickens for fattening and rabbits, respectively, 87,6% and 92,3% contained coccidiostats which translates into a massive use in the production of these animals.<br>N/A
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Bodi, Dorina. "LC-MS/MS-Bestimmung von Kokzidiostatika in Futtermittel und Ei." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16982.
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Kokzidiostatika werden in der Kleintiermast als Futtermittelzusatzstoffe zur Vorbeugung der Kokzidiose eingesetzt. Die Verwendung der Wirkstoffe ist in der Europäischen Union gesetzlich geregelt und unterliegt der amtlichen Lebens- und Futtermittelkontrolle. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Methoden zur flüssigchromatographisch tandem-massen¬spektro¬metrischen (LC-MS/MS-) Bestimmung von Kokzidiostatika in Futtermitteln und in Ei entwickelt. Durch Bestandteile des Probenmaterials traten Störungen des Analytsignals auf. Die Untersuchung solcher Matrixeffekte ist in der pharmazeutischen und der Pestizidanalytik üblich. Zu Matrixeffekten bei der LC-MS/MS-Analytik in Futtermitteln gibt es kaum Daten. Ein Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit war daher die Untersuchung der Einflussfaktoren auf Matrixeffekte bei der Analyse von Kokzidiostatika. Aufgrund der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse wurde eine Methode zur Bestimmung von Verschleppungen von Kokzidiostatika in Futtermittel für Nichtzieltierarten entwickelt und validiert. Weitere LC-MS/MS-Methoden wurden zur Bestimmung Maduramicins in Futtermittel, Eiweiß und Eigelb optimiert. Diese wurden zur wurden zur Untersuchung des Übergangs des Kokzidiostatikums aus dem Futtermittel in das Ei benötigt. Dazu wurde eine Fütterungsstudie mit Legehennen durchgeführt. Futtermittel mit drei Konzentrationen von Maduramicin bis zum Höchstgehalt in Futtermittel für Nichtzieltierarten wurden hergestellt und je einer Gruppe von Legehennen verabreicht. Das aufgenommene Maduramicin ging ausschließlich ins Eigelb über, es ergab sich eine Carry-over-Rate von 8 %. Der für Eier festgelegte Höchstgehalt von 2 µg/kg wurde überschritten, obwohl die Konzentrationen Maduramicins in den verfütterten Futtermitteln unterhalb des Höchstgehaltes für Futtermittel lagen. Als Folge dieser Ergebnisse wurde der Maduramicin-Höchstgehalt in Ei auf 12 µg/kg angepasst. Der in Verordnung (EG) Nr. 124/2009 festgelegte Höchstgehalt wurde durch die Verordnung (EU) 610/2012 geändert.<br>Prevention of coccidosis by anticoccidial feed additives is of great economic importance in poultry farming. Application of these substances is regulated by European law and is a matter of official feed and food control requiring appropriate determination methods for coccidiostats. In this study, liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS-) methods for the quantification of coccidiostats in feed and eggs were developed. The influence of the sample material resulted in poor method performance. These matrix effects are intensively investigated in other analytical fields like drug or pesticide analysis. In contrast, there are limited data concerning matrix effects in LC-MS/MS analysis in feedingstuffs. This study therefore focussed on the systematic investigation of factors influencing matrix effects during analysis of coccidiostats. The findings were implemented in the development and validation of a method for the determination of cross-contamination levels of authorized coccidiostats in feed for non-target animals. This method was optimized for the determination of the anticoccidial feed additive maduramicin in feed, egg white, and egg yolk for a carry-over study. By means of the conducted feeding trial with laying hens the carry-over of maduramicin from feed into eggs was comprehensively characterized. Three feedingstuffs containing different levels of maduramicin up to the maximum tolerable level in non-target animal feed were prepared and fed to groups of ten laying hens. Maduramicin is exclusively transferred into egg yolk, and a carry-over rate into whole eggs of 8 % was calculated. Although the applied diets were in compliance with the maximum level in feed, resulting concentrations in whole eggs exceeded the maximum level in eggs. As a consequence of these findings, the maximum permitted level of maduramicin in eggs was adapted to 12 µg/kg. The maximum level assigned by Regulation (EC) No. 124/2009 was amended in Regulation (EU) 610/2012.
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羅友廷. "Determination of coccidiostat using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49168678051499686884.
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Almeida, Márcia Catarina Fernandes de. "Comparação de dois métodos de controlo de coccidiose em broilers: Vacinação vs Coccidiostáticos." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/33358.
Full textAbstract:
A coccidiose é uma das doenças mais importantes e prevalentes na produção avícola devido ao grande impacto económico associado à subperformance dos animais e interação com a saúde intestinal. Pela pressão da Comissão Europeia para a não utilização de substâncias químicas, a indústria tem necessidade de avaliar possíveis estratégias com vista à redução de contaminantes nos alimentos.
O presente estudo teve como objetivos a comparação de duas medidas de controlo: a utilização de coccidiostáticos no alimento (nicarbazina e narasina no alimento de primeira fase e narasina no alimento de segunda fase) e a vacinação utilizando uma vacina viva atenuada administrada por pulverização no primeiro dia de vida conferindo proteção contra Eimeria acervulina, E.maxima, E.mitis, E.praecox e E.tenella.
Foram estudados 837 226 broilers da estirpe Cobb500®, distribuídos por nove explorações, divididos em dois grupos de bandos: vacinados (VAC) e não vacinados (NVAC). Semanalmente foram registados os dados produtivos, estado/qualidade das camas e recolheram-se 10 amostras fecais para contagem de oocistos pelo método de McMaster. Aos 21 e 28 dias recolheram-se segmentos intestinais para posterior pesagem; no momento de cada abate dos bandos, a carcaça foi avaliada em termos de qualidade/pigmentação.
Neste estudo, não se verificou efeito da qualidade da cama em nenhum parâmetro independentemente da medida de controlo. A medida de controlo influenciou os pesos em todas as idades (P<0,01), exceto aos 14 dias (P>0,10). Foram contabilizados menos oocistos nas fezes dos NVAC que nas fezes de VAC. A quantidade de oocistos influenciou negativamente os pesos aos 21 e 28 dias de idade. Verificou-se que a espessura do Intestino aumentou com a idade. O peso médio total (PMT) e índice de conversão (IC) obtiveram melhores resultados em VAC que NVAC (P>0,01). A mortalidade (MT) foi superior nos VAC do que NVAV (P>0,01). O valor do índice de eficiência produtiva (IEP) foi superior em VAC (P<0,05). Como conclusões do estudo, deve ser referido que, para melhorar a eficácia de qualquer medida de controlo, os produtores devem ser incentivados a praticar boas práticas de maneio. Do ponto de vista zootécnico, os resultados sugerem que é vantajoso vacinar broilers em relação à utilização dos coccidiostáticos, indicando que a vacinação permitirá alcançar melhor performance. Para além disso, estimativas de custos preliminares sugerem que a vacinação poderá ser economicamente vantajosa em relação aos coccidiostáticos. Face à escassez de estudos semelhantes, seria importante realizar estudos adicionais.<br>Coccidiosis is one of the most important and prevalent diseases in poultry production, due to the considerable economic impact related to animal subperformance and interaction with intestinal health. Given the pressure that is made by the European Commission regarding the non-use of chemical substances, the industry has a necessity to evaluate possible strategies in order to reduce food contaminants.
The present study was aimed to compare two control measures: the use of coccidiostats in the food (nicarbazin and narasin in the starter diet and narasin in the grower diets) and vaccinated using a live attenuated vaccine administered by spray on the first day of life providing protection against Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima, E. mitis, E. praecox and E. tenella.
837 226 Cobb500™ broilers were studied, distributed over nine farms, divided in two groups of flocks: vaccinated (VAC) and non-vaccinated (NVAC). Production data, litter quality and 10 fecal samples were collected for counting oocysts by the MacMaster method. At 21 and 28 days, intestinal segments were collected and weighed. At the time of each slaughter of the flocks, carcass quality/ pigmentation was evaluated.
In this study, there was no effect of litter quality on any parameter regardless of the control measure. The control measure influenced the weights at all ages (P<0.01), except at 14 days (P>0.10). Fewer oocysts were counted in the stools of NVAC than VAC. The number of oocysts had a negative influence on weights at 21 and 28 days of age. It was found that the thickness of the intestine increased with age. The total average weight (PMT) and convertion ratio (IC) obtained better results in VAC than NVAC (P>0.01). Mortality (MT) was higher in VAC than NVAC (P>0.01). The value of the productive efficiency ratio (IEP) was higher in VAC (P<0.05).
As conclusions of the study, it should be noted that in order to improve the effectiveness of any control, producers should be encouraged to implement good management practices. From a zootecnical point of view, results suggest that it is advantageous to vaccinate broilers in relation to the use of coccidiostats, indicating that vaccination allow better performance. Furthermore, preliminary cost estimates suggest that vaccination may be economically advantageous in relation to coccidiostats. Due to data scarcity of similar studies, additional studies would be important.
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Lee, Wei-Chun, and 李瑋群. "Inhibition of Eimeria tenella invasion on epithelial cells by edible Asteraceae herb – in comparison with coccidiostat ionophore salinomycin." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53751738983611960953.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>獸醫學系暨研究所<br>103<br>Coccidiosis is a disease caused by parasites of the genus Eimeria belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa with a complex life cycle, affecting mainly the intestinal tract of many species of mammals and birds. Anticoccidial drugs are widely used for the control of coccidiosis in the fowl which has inevitably led to the development of drug resistance. Using phytomedicine as a supplementation in feed to treat or control the coccidiosis in chickens is taken. The anticoccidial effect of an Asteraceae plant (AP) contained feed has been demonstrated in our laboratory, for example, lower fecal E. tenella oocysts excretion of chickens. To further determine the anticoccidial mechanism of the AP in chick, we use single-sporocyst infection to produce a pure strain of E. tenella and purify sterile sporozoites by the ion exchange chromatography. Results showed that in vitro the AP extract-treated sporozoites have significant lower invasion rates 8% in comparison with control group 27%. Meanwhile, we demonstrated AP extract has low toxicity to sporozoites in contrast to the ionophore salinomycin. Survival rate of AP extract-treated sporozoites is 99% and salinomycin-treated group is 55% by propidium iodide (P.I.) staining. The results indicated that AP of a new anticoccidial mechanism has a great potential on field application without causing drug resistance and residue problems.
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Chang, Kai-Chun, and 張凱鈞. "Development of online sample pretreatment technique coupled liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry for analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and ionophore coccidiostat residues." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79742336298028922076.
Full textAbstract:
博士<br>中原大學<br>化學研究所<br>105<br>This project focuses on two major research topics which concern the development of sample preparation method for veterinary drug residues with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. One of the topics was a novel online eluent switching for one single anion exchange column to perform the online extraction, separation and analysis of nine non–steroidal anti–inflammatory drugs in pig serum. The successful extraction and separation of nine non–steroidal anti–inflammatory drugs(carprofen, diclofenac, flunixin, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, meclofenamic acid, mefenamic acid, niflumic acid, and tolfenamic acid)were through their different degree of dissociation by their different pKa values at different pHs plus different intermolecular π–π interactions and dipole–dipole forces with the anion–exchanger on the stationary phase. The limit of detection of the analysis was in the range of 0.2–2.5 ng/mL. The intraday and interday precision were in the range of 2.1–14.5% and 2.8–6.5%, respectively. The analysis accuracy were in the range of 87.2–99.8%. These data show excellent analytical sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. Real pig serum sample analysis showed a greatest concentraction of 3480 ± 36 ng/mL and 431 ± 13 ng/mL for flunixin and tolfenamic acid, respectively, after one hour injection of one flunixin and tolfenamic acid dosage. Both residues were reduced to about 20 ng/mL at the time of 24 h later after injection and were less than the regulated maximum allowed residue level.
The second topic was the development of a two dimensional chromatography–mass spectrometric system by coupling a cation–exchange solid phase microextraction column to a reversed–phase liquid chromatography column for extracting, separating, and analyzing five ionophore coccidiostats in eggs. The first chromatographic dimension performs the online solid–phase extraction by the cation–exchange mechanism between sodium bearing coccidiostats cations and the cation–exchamger stationary phase. The second chromatographic dimension was for the separation of five ionophore coccidiostats(lasalocid, maduramicin, monensin, narasin, and salinomycin)by the C18 reversed–phase column. The limit of detection of the mass spectrometry was in the range of 0.15–0.19 ng/mL. The intraday and interday precision were in the range of 3.2–9.7% and 3.0–4.9%, respectively. The analysis accuracy were in the range of 90.0–99.6%. These data show excellent analytical sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. The real egg samples were collected from hens fed either with or without maduramicin containing feed for one week. The results indicated a greatest maduramicin concentration of 100.1 ng/mL at the second day of drug withdrawal. After seven days of drug withdrawal, the maduramicin residue concentration was 12.2 ng/mL which disobeys the regulated maximum allowed residue level of not detection.
Books on the topic "Coccidiostat"
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Conway, Donald P., and M. Elizabeth McKenzie. Poultry Coccidiosis: Diagnostic and Testing Procedures. 3rd ed. Wiley-Blackwell, 2007.
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(Editor), José-Luis Avila, and J. Robin Harris (Editor), eds. Intracellular Parasites (Subcellular Biochemistry). Springer, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Coccidiostat"
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Tuomola, M., and T. LoÈvgren. "The rapid detection of coccidiostat drug residues in farm animals." In Pesticide, veterinary and other residues in food. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439823378.ch11.
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Tuomola, M., and T. Lövgren. "The rapid detection of coccidiostat drug residues in farm animals." In Pesticide, Veterinary and Other Residues in Food. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781855739109.2.262.
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CROSBY, NEIL T. "Coccidiostats." In Determination of Veterinary Residues in Food. Elsevier, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845698171.123.
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Anadón, A., and MR Martínez-Larrañaga. "Veterinary Drugs Residues: Coccidiostats." In Encyclopedia of Food Safety. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-378612-8.00246-8.
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Herrick, John B. "Coccidiostats for Stressed Cattle." In Beef Cattle Science Handbook. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429045189-70.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Coccidiostat"
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Roussel, P., V. Arnaiz, V. Rodríguez, JM García, C. Honorio Javes, and P. Chicoteau. "Replacing the coccidiostats: defining cost-effective surrogates." In GA 2017 – Book of Abstracts. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608291.
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