Academic literature on the topic 'Cochabamba (Bolivia) – Social conditions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cochabamba (Bolivia) – Social conditions"
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Leah, Jessica, Willy Pradel, Donald C. Cole, Gordon Prain, Hilary Creed-Kanashiro, and Miluska V. Carrasco. "Determinants of household food access among small farmers in the Andes: examining the path." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 1 (February 21, 2012): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012000183.
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AbstractObjectiveHousehold food access remains a concern among primarily agricultural households in lower- and middle-income countries. We examined the associations among domains representing livelihood assets (human capital, social capital, natural capital, physical capital and financial capital) and household food access.DesignCross-sectional survey (two questionnaires) on livelihood assets.SettingMetropolitan Pillaro, Ecuador; Cochabamba, Bolivia; and Huancayo, Peru.SubjectsHouseholds (n570) involved in small-scale agricultural production in 2008.ResultsFood access, defined as the number of months of adequate food provisioning in the previous year, was relatively good; 41 % of the respondents indicated to have had no difficulty in obtaining food for their household in the past year. Using bivariate analysis, key livelihood assets indicators associated with better household food access were identified as: age of household survey respondent (P= 0·05), participation in agricultural associations (P= 0·09), church membership (P= 0·08), area of irrigated land (P= 0·08), housing material (P= 0·06), space within the household residence (P= 0·02) and satisfaction with health status (P= 0·02). In path models both direct and indirect effects were observed, underscoring the complexity of the relationships between livelihood assets and household food access. Paths significantly associated with better household food access included: better housing conditions (P= 0·01), more space within the household residence (P= 0·001) and greater satisfaction with health status (P= 0·001).ConclusionsMultiple factors were associated with household food access in these peri-urban agricultural households. Food security intervention programmes focusing on food access need to deal with both agricultural factors and determinants of health to bolster household food security in challenging lower- and middle-income country contexts.
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Razavi, Nasya S. "‘Social Control’ and the Politics of Public Participation in Water Remunicipalization, Cochabamba, Bolivia." Water 11, no. 7 (July 14, 2019): 1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071455.
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During the Water War in 2000, residents of Cochabamba, Bolivia, famously mobilized against water privatization and gained back public control of the city’s water utility. Nearly two decades later, the water movement’s vision of democratic water provision under the participatory management of ‘social control’ remains largely unfulfilled. This paper points to the difficulties in rebuilding a strong public water service in Cochabamba, focusing on the different—and often incompatible—understandings and interpretations of public participation. Addressing the concept’s malleability to a spectrum of ideologies, this paper builds a typology of different kinds of participation according to their intentionality, outcomes, tools, and practices. Applying this framework to the water politics in Bolivia serves to untangle competing perspectives of participation, uncover whose interests are served, and which groups are included or excluded from access to water and decision-making. This analysis reveals how transformative participation has failed to take hold within the municipal service provider in Cochabamba.
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Oporto Sánchez, Jhohan Braxton. "Desarrollo, planificación territorial y soportes materiales en Bolivia." Observatorio del Desarrollo. Investigación, Reflexión y Análisis 2, no. 8 (December 6, 2013): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35533/od.0208.jbos.
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El siguiente texto caracteriza brevemente la relación entre los proyectos de desarrollo del Estado nación boliviano, la planificación territorial y el sistema de soportes materiales de la vida social en Cochabamba, particularmente a partir de tres procesos: 1) la Revolución Nacional, 1952-1984; 2) el régimen neoliberal, 1985-2005; y 3) el “proceso de cambio” impulsado por Evo Morales y su partido, el Movimiento Al Socialismo (MAS), de 2006 al presente.
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Torres López, Teresa Margarita, Carolina Reynaldos Quinteros, Aldo Favio Lozano González, and Jazmín Aranzazú Munguía Cortés. "Concepciones culturales del VIH/Sida de adolescentes de Bolivia, Chile y México." Revista de Saúde Pública 44, no. 5 (October 2010): 820–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102010000500007.
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OBJETIVO: Comprender las dimensiones culturales del VIH/Sida de estudiantes adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Estudio antropológico cognitivo. Realizado en Cochabamba (Bolivia), Talca (Chile) y Guadalajara (México) entre 2007 y 2008. Un total de 184 jóvenes (de 14 y 19 años de edad) fueron seleccionados por muestreo propositivo en centros de estudios de educación media superior de cada país. Fueron utilizadas las técnicas de listados libres y el sorteo de montones. Se indagaron términos asociados al concepto VIH/Sida y grupos de dimensiones conceptuales. Posteriormente se aplicó análisis de consenso mediante factorización de componentes principales y análisis dimensional mediante conglomerados jerárquicos y escalas multidimensionales. RESULTADOS: Las diferencias entre los contextos fueron en el grado de consenso en relación al término de VIH/Sida, ya que fue mayor en Cochabamba. En Talca y Guadalajara los jóvenes mencionaron metáforas de lucha frente a la enfermedad, mientras en Cochabamba se refirieron a la ayuda, apoyo y amor que las personas infectadas deberían recibir. Las coincidencias entre las conceptualizaciones de los jóvenes de los tres países fueron: los riesgos (las prácticas sexuales desprotegidas y el contacto con algunos grupos poblacionales específicos), las consecuencias (muerte física y social, entendida ésta última como el rechazo de la sociedad hacia los enfermos) y la prevención de la enfermedad (con base en la información así como uso del condón). CONCLUSIONES: Para los estudiantes adolescentes el VIH/Sida es una enfermedad causada por prácticas sexuales y consumo de drogas que implica daño, dolor y muerte. Los programas preventivos del VIH/Sida para los adolescentes deben promover la búsqueda de información sobre el tema con bases científicas, y no centrarse en las consecuencias emocionales y sociales de la enfermedad.
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Zimmerer, Karl S. "Soil Erosion and Social (Dis)Courses in Cochabamba, Bolivia: Perceiving the Nature of Environmental Degradation." Economic Geography 69, no. 3 (July 1993): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/143453.
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Cabrera Quispe, Juan Edson. "Fragmentación urbana por medio de redes de agua: el caso de Cochabamba, Bolivia." Territorios, no. 39 (July 1, 2018): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/territorios/a.6313.
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Ante la limitada capacidad del sector público en Bolivia para dotar de servicios básicos e infraestructuras al interior del área metropolitana de Cochabamba, decenas de organizaciones vecinales desarrollan prácticas y estrategias dirigidas a la autogestión de diferentes servicios, entre ellos el agua para consumo humano. estas estrategias alrededor de la autogestión del servicio de agua son desarrolladas por una serie de operadores locales de pequeña escala, pequeñas organizaciones barriales cuyo fin principal es garantizar el acceso a servicios de agua mediante la administración de pequeños sistemas y redes de servicio de agua. Su acción permite el equitativo y permanente acceso al recurso; sin embargo, sus estrategias devienen en escenarios de fragmentación urbana donde cunden fuertes procesos de dislocación social, con pérdida de solidaridad entre vecinos y la división de la ciudad en centenares de fragmentos.
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McGoldrick, Terence A. "El agua como derecho humano." Estudios: filosofía, historia, letras 17, no. 130 (2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5347/01856383.0130.000295791.
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Las guerras de agua en Bolivia en el año 2000 por los contratos de Bechtel para privatizar su suministro en la ciudad de Cochabamba impulsaron a la Conferencia Episcopal Boliviana a responder con dos importantes aplicaciones teológicas del pensamiento social católico a las cuestiones del agua como un derecho humano y a la administración ambiental. El carácter sacramental del agua, así como su importancia para la vida misma, se aplican de manera única en estas declaraciones que sostienen con argumentos teológicos que nunca se puede permitir que el agua sea una mercancía. La nueva constitución de Bolivia y las leyes de la madre tierra buscan aplicar aún más el principio del agua como un derecho humano a los derechos colectivos de los pueblos indígenas del país a poseer sus tierras ancestrales e incluso a otorgar personalidad jurídica a la naturaleza misma. La conexión de sus pueblos indígenas con la madre tierra, Pachamama, en armonía con sus ecosistemas, tiene una dimensión sagrada que está detrás de la nueva constitución de Bolivia, donde estos ideales han sido consagrados y, en última instancia, una visión social en desacuerdo con el neoliberalismo que tiene beneficios y peligros para la Bolivia moderna
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Jimeno, I., N. Mendoza, F. Zapana, L. de la Torre, F. Torrico, D. Lozano, C. Billot, and M. J. Pinazo. "Social determinants in the access to health care for Chagas disease: A qualitative research on family life in the “Valle Alto” of Cochabamba, Bolivia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): e0255226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255226.
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Introduction Chagas disease is caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi infection. It is a neglected tropical disease with considerable impact on the physical, psychological, familiar, and social spheres. The Valle Alto of Cochabamba is a hyperendemic region of Bolivia where efforts to control the transmission of the disease have progressed over the years. However, many challenges remain, above all, timely detection and health-care access. Methods Following the Science Shop process, this bottom-up research emerged with the participation of the civil society from Valle Alto and representatives of the Association of Corazones Unidos por el Chagas from Cochabamba. The aim of this study is to explore the social determinants in the living realities of those affected by Chagas disease or the silent infection and how families in the Valle Alto of Cochabamba cope with it. An interdisciplinary research team conducted a case study of the life stories of three families using information from in-depth interviews and performed a descriptive qualitative content analysis and triangulation processes. Findings Findings provide insights into social circumstances of the research subjects’ lives; particularly, on how exposure to Trypanosoma cruzi infection affects their daily lives in terms of seeking comprehensive health care. Research subjects revealed needs and shared their experiences, thus providing an understanding of the complexity of Chagas disease from the socioeconomic, sociocultural, political, and biomedical perspectives. Results enlighten on three dimensions: structural, psychosocial, and plural health system. The diverse perceptions and attitudes toward Chagas within families, including the denial of its existence, are remarkable as gender and ethnocultural aspects. Findings support recommendations to various stakeholders and translation materials. Conclusions Intersectional disease management and community involvement are essential for deciding the most appropriate and effective actions. Education, detection, health care, and social programs engaging family units ought to be the pillars of a promising approach.
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Sanz Galindo, Camilo. "Una fallida privatización del agua en Bolivia: El estado, la corrupción y el efecto neoliberal." Revista Colombiana de Antropología 42 (January 30, 2006): 317–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22380/2539472x.1192.
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En 1999, el gobierno boliviano vendió la empresa de agua de Cochabamba a un grupo de inversionistas nacionales y extranjeros. Sólo tres meses después se produjo un levantamiento popular sin precedentes en respuesta a los dramáticos incrementos en las tarifas del servicio, las relaciones íntimas, y subterráneas, entre el estado y el nuevo consorcio, y las formas de riqueza que están sujetas a las apropiaciones del estado y las firmas privadas. Este artículo analiza la intersección del estado, el mercado y la corrupción bajo las nuevas contradicciones de jurisdicción producidas bajo las condiciones neoliberales. Aborda al neoliberalismo como un proceso que borra la frontera entre el estado y el mercado y genera un simulacro de orden social, en el cual la corrupción y el robo no van en contra del estado, sino que, por el contrario, hacen parte del mismo.
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Imhof, S., J. H. May, H. Veit, C. Kull, and M. Grosjean. "Temperature reduction and local last glaciation maximum (LLGM) : the example of the east-Andean Cordillera around Cochabamba, Bolivia (17°S)." Geographica Helvetica 61, no. 2 (June 30, 2006): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-61-91-2006.
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Abstract. This study presents results from a glacier-climate model that reconstructed glacio-climatological conditions during the last local glaciation maximum (LLGM) in the Cordillera to the north of Cochabamba (17°15'S, 66°15'W), Bolivia. Results emphasize the temperature-sensitivity of glaciers on the eastern slope of the Cordillera Oriental. Maximum glacier advances appear to have been caused by a massive cooling of about 6.5°C while annual preeipitation was about 300 mm higher than today (850 mm/yr). Modeling results indicate maximum glacial advances during cold phases such as MIS 2 (25–18 kyr B.P.) and minor advances during late glacial cool events (12–10 kyr B.P.). This chronology is supported by exposure age dating results. Further evidence may be found in the low AAR-values (accumulation area ratio) which indicate low mass balance gradients and therefore cold climate conditions. Modeled basal shear stresses smaller than 1 bar exelude extremely «cold-dry» or «warm-wet» conditions. The spatial pattern of regional paleo-ELA's (equilibrium line altitude). with higher ELAs in the western part of the study area, reflects a strong east-west gradient in paleoprecipitation. Easterly summer preeipitation is suggested to be the reason for this phenomenon. These results are in agreement with other studies of the east-Andean slope, indicating temperature as the driving factor for maximum glacier advances in northwestern Argentina.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cochabamba (Bolivia) – Social conditions"
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Coen, Stephanie E. "Economic and social dimensions of neighbourhood trade-stores in Cochabamba, Bolivia." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99362.
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Neighbourhood trade-stores, or small scale retail outlets specialising in domestic provisions sold in small quantities, are common features of residential landscapes in developing countries. While these shops are fixtures in the everyday micro-geographies of urban places, little is known as to how they are economically and socially bound up with the neighbourhoods in which they are situated and, in turn, how these linkages influence the day-to-day life circumstances of local people. Through such a local-level investigation utilising multiple qualitative methods, I examine the intra-neighbourhood economic and social roles of small trade-stores in an urban neighbourhood in Cochabamba, Bolivia. My analysis reveals that trade-stores were a key influence on the welfare of neighbourhood residents. Economically, these shops functioned as safeguards for family economies by providing multidimensional material support. Socially, trade-stores acted as mechanisms for informal social control, nodes of local information exchange, and sources of local social opportunities and social support.
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Mamani-Ortiz, Yercin. "Cardiovascular risk factors in Cochabamba, Bolivia : estimating its distribution and assessing social inequalities." Licentiate thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-164923.
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Background: The increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) is considered one of the most important public health problems worldwide and especially in Latin American (LA) countries. Although the systematic surveillance of chronic diseases and their risk factors has been recommended, Bolivia has not yet implemented a national strategy to collect and monitor CVRF information. Evidence from previous studies in Bolivia and other Latin American countries has suggested that CVRFs affect women more than men and mestizos more than indigenous people. However, a more accurate and comprehensive picture of the CVRF situation and how ethnicity and gender intersect to affect CVRFs is dearly needed to support the development of health policies to improve population health and reduce inequalities. Objective: to estimate the distribution of CVRFs and to examine intersectional in equalities in Cochabamba – Bolivia in order to provide useful information for public health practice and decision making. The specific objectives are: i) to estimate the prevalence of preventable risk factors associated with CVDs and ii) to assess and explain obesity inequalities in the intersectional spaces of ethnicity and gender. Methods: The data collection procedure was based on the Pan-American version (V2.0) of the WHO STEPS approach adapted to the Bolivian context. Between 2015 and 2016, 10,754 individuals aged over 18 years old were surveyed. The two first stages of the STEPS approach were conducted: a) Step 1 consisted of the application of a questionnaire to collect demographic and lifestyle data; b) Step 2 involved taking measurements of height, weight, blood pressure, and waist circumference of the participants. To achieve objective 1, the prevalence of relevant behavioural risk factors and anthropometric measures were calculated, and then odds ratios/prevalence ratios were estimated for each CVRF, both with crude and adjusted regression models. Regarding objective 2, an intersectionality approach based on the method suggested by Jackson et al. (67) was used to analyse the ethnic and gender inequalities in obesity. Gender and ethnicity information were combined to form four mutually exclusive intersectional positions: i) the dually disadvantaged group of indigenous women; ii) the dually advantaged group of mestizo men; and the singly disadvantaged groups of iii) indigenous men and iv) mestizo women. Joint and excess intersectional disparities in abdominal obesity were estimated as absolute prevalence differences between binary groups, using binomial regression models. The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition was applied to estimate the contributions of explanatory factors underlying the observed intersectional disparities. Main findings: Our findings revealed that Cochabamba had a high prevalence of CVRFs, with significant variations among the different socio-demographic groups. Indigenous populations and those living in the Andean region showed, in general, a lower prevalence for most of the risk factors evaluated. The prevalence of behavioural risk factors were: current smoking (11.6%); current alcohol consumption (42.76%); low consumption of fruits and vegetables (76.73%); and low level of physical activity (64.77%). The prevalence of metabolic risk factors evaluated were: being overweight (35.84%); obesity (20.49%); abdominal obesity (54.13%); and raised blood pressure (17.5%). It is important to highlight that 40.7% of participants had four or more CVRFs simultaneously. Dually and singly disadvantaged groups (indigenous women, indigenous men, and mestizo women) were less obese than the dually advantaged group (mestizomen). The joint disparity showed that the obesity prevalence was 7.26 percentage points higher in the doubly advantaged mestizo men (MM) than in the doubly disadvantaged indigenous women (IW). Mestizo men (MM) had an obesity prevalence of 4.30 percentage points higher than mestizo women (MW) and 9.18 percentage points higher than indigenous men (IM). The resulting excess intersectional disparity was 6.22 percentage points, representing -86 percentage points of the joint disparity. The lower prevalence of obesity in the doubly disadvantaged group of indigenous women (7.26 percentage points) was mainly due to ethnic differences alone. However, they had higher obesity than expected when considering both genders alone and ethnicity alone. Health behaviours were important factors in explaining the intersectional inequalities, while differences in socioeconomic and demographic factors played less important roles. Conclusion: The prevalence of all CVRFs in Cochabamba was high, and nearly two-thirds of the population reported two or more risk factors simultaneously. The intersectional disparities illustrate that abdominal obesity is not distributed according to expected patterns of structural disadvantages in the intersectional spaces of ethnicity and gender in Bolivia. A high social advantage was related to higher rates of abdominal obesity, with health behaviours as the most important factors explaining the observed inequalities. The information generated by this study provides evidence for health policymakers at the regional level and a baseline data for department-wide action plans to carry out specific interventionsin the population and on individual levels.
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Crespo, Carlos. "Water privatisation policies and conflicts in Bolivia the water war in Cochabamba (1999-2000) /." Thesis, Online version, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.289146.
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Espinoza, Revollo Patricia. "The emergence of indigenous middle classes in highly stratified societies : the case of Bolivia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3b89c28e-2f6f-4648-b360-03e5d8209c70.
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This thesis investigates the emergence of an indigenous middle class between 1975 and 2010 in Bolivia - a country characterized by poor and unstable long-term economic growth, high inequality, and enduring ethnic and class cleavages. The study takes a two-tiered approach. It focuses first on tracing the emergence of the middle class by highlighting the main drivers of socio-economic improvement for individuals. Based on a longitudinal examination of a Socio-Economic Index (SEI) - upon which the middle class is operationally defined in this thesis - I explain the emergence of the middle class as the result of two distinct but interconnected processes: (i) a massive urbanization process that reached a peak in the mid-1980s, which brought individuals closer to areas favoured by state policies; and (ii) an institutional change in the mid-1990s, consisting of a new national framework that allocated resources more efficiently throughout the country. In addition, my analysis uncovers the different occupational trajectories that middle-class individuals followed to gain access to the new structure of opportunities and to prosper and become part of the middle class. Based on inter- and intra-generational analyses of occupational mobility, I find that in a context of an over supply of labour and with limited skills and economic capital, migrants found the means to thrive socially and economically in commerce, transport, and construction activities. Secondly, I explore the extent to which the emergence of the new middle class has opened-up opportunities for indigenous peoples. I conduct a periodic headcount of indigeneity based on spoken languages (indigenous and/or Spanish) and self-ascription to indigenous groups. Two messages emerge from this exercise. First, the new middle class has provided opportunities for individuals who are monolingual in indigenous languages, whether they ascribe themselves or not to an indigenous group. Second, individuals' ethnic identities become fuzzier as they move into the middle class. This is revealed by indigenous language loss and a significant decrease in self-ascription that happened in a markedly stratified manner over just ten years. I tackle the intricacies of middle-class ethnic identity by drawing on a social identity conceptual framework that allows me to integrate synergistically the discussions on class, ethnicity, and modernization. By approaching social identities through the analysis of differentiated lifestyles, I find that new middle-class individuals have hybrid and segmented identities. That is, individuals combine indigenous/traditional and modern forms of living that vary according to their socio-economic level, but do not necessarily move towards cultural assimilation. I contend that the creation of new status symbols and forms of recognition based on indigenous idiosyncrasies in the new middle class constitutes a categorical break with historical, ethnic-based forms of social, economic, and cultural exclusion and discrimination. In summary, this thesis advances the conceptualization and understanding of the middle class, contributing to the burgeoning literature on emerging middle classes in developing countries by offering a more complex picture of its expansion and identity construction.
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Dorado-Banacloche, Silvia. "Social entrepreneurship : the process of creation of microfinance organisations in Bolivia." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36916.
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This dissertation studies the origin of new organisational forms. It focuses on organisations that challenge existing institutional boundaries, specifically the boundaries between for profit and not for profit providers of financial services. It builds on research on the origins of the microfinance industry in Bolivia; and particularly on the creation and development of BancoSol and Los Andes, the two pioneering organisations. This research involved in-depth interviews and analysis of industry-specific documents and newspaper files.The study builds on three research streams: collective strategy, institutional theory, and evolutionary entrepreneurship. It proposes an overarching process-model that bridges these three bodies of work and advances our understanding of three key dynamics in the creation of new organisational forms: (1) the combination of hitherto unconnected principles and practices; (2) the leverage of support and acceptance for new organisational forms; and (3) the development of endurance for the new form.
The study argues that these three dynamics occur within a nonlinear process that includes three overlying stages. The first stage involves the creation of an entrepreneurial team to launch the organisations. This team includes individuals from fields with divergent principles and practices (e.g. for profit and not for profit). The second stage involves negotiations with institutional actors to leverage support and acceptance for the novel organisational form. The third stage involves decisions, actions, and interactions that promote internal coalescence and defend the organisations from external challenges. I have labeled this process-model social entrepreneurship. The process is predominantly social as the three dynamics are defined by the social assets and relations of actors. It is predominantly entrepreneurial as it destroys existing boundaries across fields and generates an enduring combination of principles and practices previously unconnected.
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Benavides, Jean-Paul. "Syndicalisme et pouvoir local : les planteurs de coca du Chapare (Bolivie) : (1980-2005)." Lille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL12016.
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Depuis leur apparition dans les années 1950, les syndicats paysans boliviens sont des acteurs politiques importants. A partir des années 1980 les syndicats de producteurs de feuilles de coca du Chapare sont les plus mobilisés d'entre eux. Pour comprendre leur pouvoir de mobilisation, et l'émergence d'une élite syndicale cocalera, il faut prendre en compte le fait que les producteurs constituent une population captive qui ne peut se soustraire aux services des syndicats. Cette dépendance accentue le corporatisme de l'organisation et renforce le pouvoir des dirigeants. Mais bien entendu il faut aussi restituer les syndicats dans le contexte politique et économique de l'époque, et analyser leurs interactions avec les appareils d'état, les autres forces syndicales, notamment ouvrières, les partis politiques de gauche et les organisations non gouvernementales nationales et internationales
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Larsson, Jenny. "Bolivian women in politics and organizational life, - a minor field study." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25752.
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This thesis investigates women’s political and organizational participation in the changing process and new political context in Bolivia. Different levels of women’s positioning are examined through interviews with actors in Cochabamba, complete with observations, literature and local text-documents. The discourse of women's participation versus the actual practice of women’s decision making is taken under account. The struggle of Bolivian feminists indicates challenges of dominant patriarchal ideologies and has been named ‘postcolonial feminism’. Struggles are directed against the postcolonial state as well as against the western interests that contributes to its postcolonial status. Women’s experienced participation is shown to be very diverse, depending on their identities of class and ethnicity as well as their different location in the rural areas and in the city of the department of Cochabamba. There have been important advances achieved by women’s movements and organizations in order to stress equality between men and women, but much of the advances are still rhetorical, yet not facing legitimate implementation. There is a lack of implementation of gender issues in the government and institutions. Social movements and critics from civil society are therefore crucial in its attempt to visualize and stress the plurality of social conditions. The challenge of different women's organizations is to create and build consensus from the recognition of this diversity. In the process towards welfare and harmony in Bolivia the women and their strength constitutes a fundamental part. They have introduced new human qualities in the public sphere, raising the values associated to ‘motherhood’ as central for shaping the wider order of political community.
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Sánchez, Canedo Walter. "Inkas, “flecheros” y mitmaqkuna : Cambio social y paisajes culturales en los Valles y en los Yungas de Inkachaca/Paracti y Tablas Monte (Cochabamba-Bolivia, siglos XV-XVI)." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9207.
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The research work addresses the changes that occurred in the valley and the Yungas of Cochabamba during the Inka Horizon (1400-1538 AC) while introducing in an exploratory way, the Late Intermediate (1100-1400 AC) and the Middle Horizon (400-1100 AC) periods. In theoretical terms, we emphasize the local human agency (individual and social) as important elements in order to understand the processes of social change. We assume that the complex relational webs generated by the Inka presence in the valleys and the Yungas appear as "traces" in the space (as constructed landscapes: social, agro-hydrological, sacral, administrative, war landscapes etc.) that can be seized from two sources, archaeological and historical, that are seen as complementing each other.
We carried out two case studies in the Yungas of Tablas Monte and Inkachaca /Paracti. In both areas, previously unknown to Bolivian archaeology, we examined the impact of the Inka. Based upon material evidence, such as the sophisticated agro-hydrological system sustained by an intensive use of the stone as well as documentary data, we discuss the presence of warrior groups, i.e. that the arrival of the Inka had a relative impact in this area.
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Durand-Ochoa, Ursula. "Coca, contention and identity : the political empowerment of the Cocaleros of Bolivia and Peru." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/560/.
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In April 2003, Peru’s cocaleros broke into the national spotlight by mobilising a six thousandstrong March of Sacrifice from their coca-producing valleys to the capital city of Lima. In 2006, cocalero leaders ascended to several political positions at the municipal and national level. However, their political impact has been limited and divisions amongst coca-producing valleys have prevented cocaleros from articulating a unified agenda on the coca issue itself, let alone on wider issues. The experience of Bolivia’s cocaleros presents a very different picture. In 2005, cocalero leader Evo Morales was elected president with the highest margin of victory in the country’s electoral history. He was re-elected in 2009 by a greater margin. Morales and his political party mobilised a broad coalition as they developed an identity of ‘excluded’ that challenged Bolivia’s unrepresentative democracy, neoliberal economic model and relationship with the United States. How do we explain the political ascent of these unprecedented actors that stand on the border of illegality? Why has the empowerment and impact of these actors on their national political landscapes varied so significantly? This work aims to explain the different experiences of the Bolivian and Peruvian cocaleros in gaining political empowerment through contentious action that originated in defence of coca—an issue that is both de-legitimising and divisive. This work presents the political ascent of these actors as cases of identity-formation. It argues that their ability to construct identities that deterred disunity, legitimised their struggle and broadened their appeal determined their degree of political empowerment. Furthermore, it reveals how contentious interactions—bound by the context in which they unfolded—distinctly shaped each case’s identity-formation processes. In Peru, the imposed identity of ‘illegitimate’ weakened the identity of ‘cocalero’ and generated disunity, isolation and a limited political impact. In Bolivia, the identities of ‘syndicalist’ and ‘excluded’ strengthened the identity of ‘cocalero’ and engendered unity, alliance formation and a significant political impact.
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Devisscher, Tahia. "Wildfire under a changing climate in the Bolivian Chiquitania : a social-ecological systems analysis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:29ed95d5-d36d-4916-b51b-c8ab4f7951a3.
Full textAbstract:
With the same force that human activities accelerate and amplify change in the biosphere, human agency can play a critical role in influencing future trajectories. However, managing increasingly complex problems is becoming ever more challenging. Among other things, it requires a systemic thinking about the future to anticipate how intertwined drivers may respond to rapid change. This thesis addresses such challenge in the context of contemporary wildfires, which are becoming increasingly complex to manage and a growing global concern. The study adopted a novel approach (Chapter 3) to study wildfire as a complex social-ecological system. The overarching aim is to generate insights into wildfire causes, effects and feedbacks to anticipate future wildfire risk and inform management strategies that can prevent potential impacts. I combine different disciplinary lenses, multiple spatial scales of analysis and participatory methods to analyse wildfire dynamics in the Chiquitania region, located in the Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia, at the southern edge of Amazonia. This region has a unique tropical dry forest that is susceptible to changes in climate and fire regimes, and a rapidly expanding agricultural frontier. During the recent 2010 drought, large wildfires affected this region intensifying public concern about potential 'mega-fires', particularly given predictions of more extreme seasonality in the future. The first research paper of this thesis (Chapter 4) evaluates the effects of wildfire recurrence on the forests of the Chiquitania using ecological surveys. In addition to significant biomass loss, the observed patterns in species abundance and dominance suggest that the forests respond to recurrent fires through a shift in tree species composition, with fire-tolerant species becoming more dominant. The second research paper (Chapter 5) analyses future wildfire risk in the Chiquitania region using fuzzy cognitive mapping. This conceptual modelling approach engaged different actor groups in the region to integrate their perspectives of the regional wildfire dynamics. Semi-structured interviews informed the scenario assumptions which considered failure to respond in time to wildfire risk, as well as implementation of alternative management strategies. Unexpectedly, the fire management strategy showed less trade-offs between wildfire risk reduction and production compared to the fire suppression strategy. The high vulnerability of the agricultural production to wildfire risk has implications for local communities that largely depend on agriculture for subsistence if future climatic conditions become drier. The third research chapter (Chapter 6) uses interviews and focus group discussions to analyse how different forms of knowledge and perceptions of fire relate to prevalent wildfire risk strategies in the Chiquitania. The analysis reveals that strategies are in tension between two conflicting narratives and understandings of fire. On this basis, a deliberation process is proposed with the potential to integrate opposing views into more inclusive and collective solutions to manage wildfire risk within a reflexive governance framework. The fourth research paper (Chapter 7) complements the above ground-based studies with a regional assessment of wildfire risk based on remotely sensed land cover, anthropogenic and climatic data. Maximum entropy was used as a probabilistic modelling approach to simulate future wildfire risk scenarios driven by different development trajectories, and assuming changing climatic conditions. Important determinants of wildfire risk were climate, road development, deforestation and density of human settlements. Positive feedbacks between rapid frontier expansion and drought conditions almost doubled potential biomass loss compared to estimates in the 2010 drought. Land used for agriculture and cattle ranching showed particularly high levels of wildfire risk, with serious implications for the subsistence and economy in the Chiquitania if the agricultural frontier is expanded at an accelerated rate. The combination of new findings and modelling tools developed in this thesis are relevant to inform wildfire risk management decisions in the Chiquitania. The timing is fitting as the regional government of Santa Cruz is developing a ten-year programme to address increased wildfire risk at the time of thesis submission, and the recently launched Regional Fire Platform promotes dialogue about possible solutions. More broadly, the approach to study wildfire as a social-ecological system has proven extremely useful to generate insights into different facets of a complex problem that is becoming a major concern in most of Amazonia and globally. This thesis generates important theoretical and practical contributions to the study of social-ecological systems, and provides a concrete example of how increasingly complex problems can be anticipated and managed under climate change and rapidly changing conditions with a more integrated and socially inclusive approach that can inform adaptation decisions for more sustainable futures.
Books on the topic "Cochabamba (Bolivia) – Social conditions"
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Regional markets and agrarian transformation in Bolivia: Cochabamba, 1539-1960. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1994.
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Elizabeth, Peredo, Fuentes Carmen Rosa, and Comunidad Sudamericana de Naciones, eds. Memoria: Cumbre Social por la Integración de los Pueblos : 6 al 9 de diciembre de 2006, Cochabamba, Bolivia. La Paz?]: Fundación Solón, 2007.
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Llena, Claude. Cochabamba, quand l'informel chasse la misère: Du secteur informel à l'économie populaire en Bolivie. Lyon: Le Pédalo ivre, 2012.
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B, Freddy Delgado. Estrategias de autodesarrollo y gestión sostenible en ecosistemas de montaña: Complementariedad ecosimbiótica en el ayllu Majasaya Mujlli, Departamento de Cochabamba, Bolivia. La Paz, Bolivia: AGRUCO, 2002.
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Komadina, Céline Geffroy. La invención de la comunidad: Migración de retorno y economía solidaria en Huancarani. La Paz: Embajada de Francia en Bolivia, 2008.
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Komadina, Céline Geffroy. La invención de la comunidad: Economía de solidaridad en Huancarani. La Paz: Programa de Investigación Estratégica en Bolivia, 2002.
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Gonzalo, Siles Navia, and Soto María del Carmen, eds. La invención de la comunidad: Migración de retorno y economía solidaria en Huancarani. La Paz: Embajada de Francia en Bolivia, 2008.
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Strassenkinder in Bolivien: Darstellung und Problematisierung vorhandener Betreuungsangebote unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Lebensbedingungen der Strassenkinder in Cochabamba. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1994.
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Laserna, Roberto, and Jean Paul Benavides. Nueve estudios sobre Cochabamba. Cochabamba: Centro de Estudios de la Realidad Social, CERES, 2013.
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Brooke, Larson, ed. Cochabamba, 1550-1900: Colonialism and agrarian transformation in Bolivia. Durham: Duke University Press, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Cochabamba (Bolivia) – Social conditions"
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Bastia, Tanja, Claudia Calsina Valenzuela, and María Esther Pozo. "Entrepreneurial Grannies: Migration and ‘Older Left-Behind’ in Cochabamba, Bolivia." In Life Course Research and Social Policies, 29–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71442-0_3.
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Williams, Dana M. "Anti-state political opportunities." In Black Flags and Social Movements. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526105547.003.0005.
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The anarchist movement utilizes non-statist and anti-statist strategies for radical social transformation, thus indicating the limits of political opportunity theory and its emphasis upon the state. Using historical narratives from present-day anarchist movement literature, I note various events and phenomena in the last two centuries and their relevance to the mobilization and demobilization of anarchist movements throughout the world (Bolivia, Czech Republic, Great Britain, Greece, Japan, and Venezuela). Labor movement allies, failing state socialism, and punk subculture have provided conditions conducive to anarchism, while state repression and Bolshevik triumph in the Soviet Union constrained success. This variation suggests that future work should attend more closely to the role of national context, and the interrelationship of political and non-political factors. Additionally, the key question of what constitutes movement “success” for revolutionary movements that “move forward”, yet do not achieve revolutionary transformation (indeed, who conceive of a final, complete transformation to be theoretically impossible), seems to be a problem faced uniquely by anarchist movements. Instead, thinking of opportunity as being global, non-politically-based, and unattached to “ultimate objectives” like revolution, help to make these ideas more useful for understanding anarchist mobilization.