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1
Schultz, Frank. "Petrologie der Ayopaya-Alkaligesteinsprovinz, Ostanden, Bolivien." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=971836981.
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Mélançon, Simon. "La guerre de l'eau de Cochabamba, Bolivie : un problème géopolitique et de territoralité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22869/22869.pdf.
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Dans un contexte de prise de conscience de la communauté internationale des enjeux de l’accessibilité à l’eau potable dans les pays en voie de développement, la Banque mondiale recommande aux États de privatiser leur gestion de l’eau. En 1999, le gouvernement néolibéral d’Hugo Banzer favorise la privatisation des services de distribution de l’eau de Cochabamba, qu’il justifie par le manque de capitaux nécessaires à la réalisation d’un projet de barrage (Misicuni). Les populations rurale, périurbaine et urbaine, qui avaient jusque-là une relation conflictuelle dans la gestion de l’eau à l’échelle régionale, s’unissent pour revendiquer l’annulation du contrat de concession du consortium international et la modification de la loi encadrant les droits de propriété et de gestion de l’eau. Les manifestations accompagnant ces revendications ont d’abord été réprimées par l’armée avant que le gouvernement accepte de re-nationaliser la gestion de l’eau et d’amender la loi.
Quelles ont été les interactions économiques et politiques entre les différentes échelles géographiques représentées par les acteurs de ce conflit socio-territorial ? Quelles ont été les représentations géopolitiques de ces acteurs lors de la guerre de l’eau ? Quelle a été l’évolution des rapports de pouvoir territoriaux lors de ce conflit ? À travers une revue de sept journaux boliviens (1997-2004), nous avons analysé le discours des acteurs afin de comprendre les redéfinitions successives de la territorialité avant, pendant et après ce conflit sur la gestion de l’eau.
Ce faisant, cette recherche démontre que les représentations entourant le projet Misicuni ont joué un rôle important dans la genèse du conflit. De plus, les us et coutumes paysannes et la nouvelle tarification de l’eau urbaine ont été les « rapports au territoire » à la base de la guerre de l’eau. Finalement, la plus grande importance des relations « locale-internationale » et « nationale-internationale » font en sorte que l’évolution de la construction locale du territoire est de plus en plus dépendante des acteurs internationaux.En un contexto de una nueva conciensia de la comunidad internacionale de los enfoques de la accesibilidad del agua potable en los países subdesarrollados, el Banco Mundial recomanda a los Estados de privatizar su gestión del agua. En 1999, el gobierno neoliberal de Hugo Banzer ha favorisado la privatización de los servicios de distribución del agua de Cochabamba. Banzer ha justificado esta decisión con la falta de plata que necesitaba la realización del Proyecto Múltiple Misicuni. Las poblaciones campesina, periurbana y urbana, quien tenía una relación conflictual con la gestión del agua, se han unificado para revendicar la anulación del contrato de concesión del consortio international Aguas del Tunari y para modificar la ley de agua (2029). Las manifestaciones acompañiendo estas revencidaciones han sido reprimadas por la armada antes que el gobierno acepta de re-nacionalizar la gestión del agua y de cambiar la ley. ¿Cuales estaba las interacciones económica y política entre las diferentes escalas geograficas representadas por los actores de este conflicto socio-territorial? ¿Cuales han sido las representaciones geopolíticas de los actores durante la guerra del agua? ¿Cual ha sido la evolución de la relación de poder territorial durante este conflicto? A través de siete poriódicos bolivianos (1997-2004), analisamos el discurso de los actores para entender las redifiniciones de la territorialidad antes, durante y después de la guerra del agua. Entonces, esta investigación demuestra que las representaciones del proyecto Misicuni han jugado una función muy importante en el desarrollo del conflicto. Además, los usos y costumbres campesinos y la nueva tarificación del agua urbana han sido la “relación al territorio” en la base de la guerra del agua. Finalmente, la importancia de las relaciones “locale-internacionale” y “nacionale-internacionale” hacen que el dessarrollo de la construcción locale del territorio es de más en más dependiente de los actores internacionales.
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Coen, Stephanie E. "Economic and social dimensions of neighbourhood trade-stores in Cochabamba, Bolivia." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99362.
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Neighbourhood trade-stores, or small scale retail outlets specialising in domestic provisions sold in small quantities, are common features of residential landscapes in developing countries. While these shops are fixtures in the everyday micro-geographies of urban places, little is known as to how they are economically and socially bound up with the neighbourhoods in which they are situated and, in turn, how these linkages influence the day-to-day life circumstances of local people. Through such a local-level investigation utilising multiple qualitative methods, I examine the intra-neighbourhood economic and social roles of small trade-stores in an urban neighbourhood in Cochabamba, Bolivia. My analysis reveals that trade-stores were a key influence on the welfare of neighbourhood residents. Economically, these shops functioned as safeguards for family economies by providing multidimensional material support. Socially, trade-stores acted as mechanisms for informal social control, nodes of local information exchange, and sources of local social opportunities and social support.
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Döllerer, Christoph [Verfasser]. "Siedlungsarchäologie von Cochabamba, Bolivien / Christoph Döllerer." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1042964963/34.
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Mercado, Lazarte Johnny Adhemar. "Awkigemeinschaft oder Paradigmen des "Wohl-Lebens" (allin kawsay) Religion und Politik in Gemeinden der Hochanden von Cochabamba (Bolivien) /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972570861.
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Moreau, Sophie. "The detection and delineation of saline/alkali soils in Cochabamba department Bolivia : a comparison of field survey methods with remote sensing using landsat MSS data." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61929.
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Mejía, Méndez Rubén Alejandro. "Toponimia de la Comunidad Campesina de Cochabamba." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/5356.
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Estudia los nombres de lugares, o topónimos de la Comunidad Campesina de Cochabamba, perteneciente a la provincia de Huaraz, región Ancash. Registra tales topónimos, especificando su representación fonética, fonológica, morfológica y semántica e identificando su filiación lingüística. Además, reconoce las palabras, frases y oraciones que constituyen estos topónimos.Tesis
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Jones, Eric. "In-between Music: The Musical Creation of Cholo Identity in Cochabamba, Bolivia." Thesis, connect to online resource, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3957.
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Pfrimer, Matheus Hoffmann. "A Guerra da Água em Cochabamba, Bolívia: desmistificando os conflitos por água à luz da geopolítica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-08022011-153835/.
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A geopolítica vem apresentando várias contribuições ao estudo da relação entre recursos naturais e conflito. Entre esses recursos, a água é um dos que mais vem sendo apontado como suscetível de desencadear conflitos. Na visão geopolítica, a relação entre tensões e recursos hídricos é estruturada a partir da multicausalidade, e, portanto, há inúmeros fatores de diferentes escalas geográficas que se coadunam com a gestão dos recursos hídricos engendrando conflitos. Nesse contexto, a Guerra da Água, em Cochabamba, Bolívia, constitui um evento bastante estudado pela comunidade acadêmica, sendo retratado como a vitória da sociedade civil local sobre a empresa multinacional Aguas del Tunari, responsável pelo abastecimento de água naquela cidade boliviana. Entretanto, outros fatores nas escalas nacional, sulamericana e global influenciaram a deflagração das tensões, tendo seus efeitos repercutido em escalas mais amplas que apenas a local. No presente estudo, visamos avaliar a atuação das diferentes territorialidades na área metropolitana de Cochabamba, bem como os fatores estruturantes e estruturados desse conflito nos âmbitos nacional, sul-americano e global. Esta pesquisa consistiu em um estudo de caso de características analítica, descritiva e qualitativa. A pesquisa analítica se desenvolveu a partir de três dimensões: 1) a caracterização do objeto de pesquisa; 2) a dimensão espacial; 3) a dimensão temporal. O processo descritivo baseou-se em entrevistas com os líderes dos movimentos sociais atuantes durante a Guerra da Água, além de abranger estudos avaliativos de documentos, dados estatísticos e bibliográficos. Já o caráter qualitativo desenvolveu-se por meio da coleta de dados e observação longa e extensiva in loco. Concluímos que a caracterização da Guerra da Água apenas como um conflito relacionado aos recursos hídricos é incompleta e reducionista, já que diferentes tensões de várias escalas se materializam na região.Geopolitics has presented many contributions to study the relation between natural resources and conflicts. Among these resources, water has been pointed out as the most susceptible to motivate conflicts. According to the geopolitical perspective, the relationship between tensions and water resources is structured on the multicausality, and, therefore, there are countless factors from different scales that together with the management of water resources can engender conflicts. In this context, the Water War in Cochabamba, Bolivia, is an event which is highly investigated by the academic community and is portrayed as the victory of local civil society over the multinational company Aguas del Tunari, responsible for the water supply in that Bolivian city. However, other agents in the national, south-American, and global spheres influenced the factors that triggered tensions and had their effects reflecting on broader scales than the local one. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the action of different territorialities in the metropolitan area of Cochabamba, as well as the structuring and structured factors of the Water War in the national, south-American, and global spheres. This research consisted of a case study with analytical, descriptive, and qualitative characteristics. The analytical research was developed taking into account three dimensions: 1) the characterization of the research object; 2) the spatial dimension; 3) the temporal dimension. The descriptive process was based on interviews with the social movements leaders that acted during the Water War, and also included the evaluation of documents, statistical and bibliographic data. The qualitative characteristic of this study was developed by means of data collection and long and extensive observations in loco. After analyzing the facts, data, and context of the Water War, we concluded that the characterizing this conflict as related only to water resources is incomplete and reductionist, since different tensions of many scales influence that region.
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Marston, Andrea Janet. "Post-neoliberal nature? community water governance in peri-urban Cochabamba, Bolivia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42962.
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Since the turn of the century, Bolivia has been undergoing a leftward political shift that many scholars have described as “post-neoliberal.” This shift is inflected with communitarian and ecological sensibilities, and politicians frequently depict “community” and “nature” as two axes around which a new, post-neoliberal world order can be imagined. The overarching purpose of this thesis is to explore the friction between the country’s putatively post-neoliberal politics and existing community water governance in Cochabamba, Bolivia. This is pursued through two sub-themes: a comparison of the government’s post-neoliberal rhetoric to its resource management policies; and a comparison of celebratory conceptualizations of community governance to the governance strategies of community-run water systems in La Maica, a region of peri-urban Cochabamba. The thesis argues that, while the Morales government rhetorically celebrates “community” and “nature” as essential pillars of post-neoliberal governance paradigm, reality differs from rhetoric in two ways. First, the Bolivian government’s natural resource agenda has involved a shift towards centralized, state-led management, rather than community governance. Second, actually existing examples of community resource governance are intertwined with non-community institutions and multiple scales of governance, implying that communities are contextually embedded and hybridized structures. The progressive (post-neoliberal) potential of community resource governance therefore depends on both its context-specific manifestation and the support that it receives from the state. Primary data for this thesis was gathered during four months of fieldwork in Cochabamba (June to October 2011), and the four methods employed were expert interviews, interviews with community leaders in La Maica, water user surveys in La Maica, and document analysis.
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Loma, Mercado Karem Khaterine. "Caraterizacion nutricional del algarrobo (Prosopis spp.) en el Departamento de Cochabamba." Cochabamba, Bolivia, 1997. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/Benson/image/24.pdf.
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Prado, Laura Rocha. "Taxonomia e análise cladística de Cochabamba Bechyné, 1955 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-15122010-143004/.
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O gênero Cochabamba Bechyné, 1955 é estritamente neotropical, com registros de ocorrência confirmados apenas para a América Central e América do Sul. O gênero faz parte do grupo dos Galerucinae diabroticinos, o qual inclui táxons muito estudados por sua importância econômica, mas que, apesar disso, tem a sistemática pouco resolvida. Realizou-se a revisão taxonômica e a análise cladística do gênero, uma vez que não existia nenhum estudo desta natureza para o grupo que incluía, até o presente trabalho,10 espécies. O estudo morfológico foi executado segundo protocolo tradicional, que inclui dissecção e ilustração dos espécimes (pelo menos um macho e uma fêmea de cada espécie, quando disponível). A análise cladística baseou-se em 15 terminais e 58 caracteres morfológicos (sendo 5 referentes à coloração, e 13 à genitália). Considerando a inexistência de informações filogenéticas para o gênero, os terminais do grupo externo foram selecionados dentre representanes da subfamília Galerucinae. A busca exaustiva com pesos iguais dos caracteres encontrou 13 árvores mais parcimoniosas (C=102), cujo consenso teve comprimento igual a 108 passos. A análise com pesagem sucessiva dos caracteres encontrou 3 árvores mais parcimoniosas (C= 102), cujo consenso teve comprimento igual a 103 passos (IC= 74, IR= 60). As topologias encontradas indicam que o gênero Cochabamba como configurado até o presente trabalho era merofilético. A monofilia de Cochabamba é recuperada com a transferência de C. volxemi para o gênero Paranapiacaba Bechyné, 1955 (combinação revalidada) e a inclusão de Diabrotica rufolimbata (nova combinação). Apresenta-se uma chave de identificação para as espécies de Cochabamba, além da redescrição de todas as espécies incluídas, bem como a descrição de uma espécie nova, o que resulta em 11 espécies. Apresentam-se, ainda, mapas indicando a distribuição geográfica do gênero, os quais foram confeccionados a partir de informações de localidade presentes nas etiquetas de cada exemplar examinado, além dos dados obtidos na literatura.Cochabamba Bechyné, 1955 is a strictly neotropical genus, recorded only from Central and South America. This genus belongs to the Galerucinae diabroticines, a group which includes well studied taxa of economic importance, but has a poorly understood systematics. The present study provides the first revisional and cladistic treatment of this group, up to now composed by 10 species. The morphological study of all specimens followed the traditional methods of dissection and illustration of specimens (at least one male and female of every species, if available). The cladistic analysis was based on 15 terminal taxa and 58 morphological characters (including 5 referring to coloration and 13 to genitalia). Since there were no previous phylogenetic hypothesis for the relationships of this genus, the outgroups were selected among the representatives of the subfamily Galerucinae. The analysis using equally weighted characters produced 13 equally most-parcimonious trees (L=102), which resulted in a consensus diagram 108 steps long. The analysis conducted after sucessive weighting of characters found 3 most-parcimonious trees, which resulted in a consensus diagram 103 steps long (CI= 74; RI= 60). According to the observed topologies, Cochabamba as previously defined is a merophyletic group. To recover its monophyly, the taxon C. volxemi must be transferred back to genus Paranapiacaba Bechyné, 1955 (reinstated combination) and Diabrotica rufolimbata (new combination) included into the genus. An identification key to species is presented, as well as the redescription of all 11 Cochabamba species, including the description of a new species. Maps showing the geographic distribution of the species are also presented, based on the labels of studied material and data collected from literature.
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Wagner, Christopher. "Regression Model to Project and Mitigate Vehicular Emissions in Cochabamba, Bolivia." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1501719312999566.
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Garcia, Willy Ivan Anzaldo. "Elaboracion de una mezcla cereal - leguminosa, con similares caracteristicas nutricionales a un producto de consumo local (cerelac) y su respectivo estudio de factibilidad económica /." Cochabamba, Bolivia, 2001. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cgi-bin/docviewer.exe?CISOROOT=/Benson&CISOPTR=4172.
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Kuiper, John R. "The Role of Rainfed Farm Ponds in Sustaining Agriculture and Soil Conservation in the Dry High Valley Region of Cochabamba, Bolivia: Design Considerations and Post Impoundment Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501015/.
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Lack of sufficient water for irrigation is a major problem in and around the valleys surrounding the town of Aiquile, Cochabamba Bolivia. In addition, much of the region is undergoing desertification compounded by drought, deforestation, bad traditional agricultural practices, over grazing and a "torrential" rainfall pattern leading to severe soil erosion and low agricultural production. Between 1992 and 1994, the author constructed a network of 24 small, mostly rainfed farm ponds to increase agricultural production and alleviate soil erosion and land-use problems by improving cover conditions. A 5-year post-impoundment analysis was carried out in 1998. The analysis examined current pond conditions, design criteria, irrigation water / crop production increases and the alleviation of land-use problems. Current pond conditions fell into four distinct categories with only 25 percent of the ponds being deemed as "functioning well." The project increased irrigation in the region and improved cover conditions in 66 percent of the pond sites.
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Loma, Mercado Karem Khaterine. "The Nutritional Characterization of the Carob Tree in the Department of Cochabamba." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1997. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5385.
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The nutritional value for the following species have been determined: P.pallida, P.laevigata var. andicola, P.flexuosa, P.nigra, P.alba of the genus Proposis. To obtain this purpose surveys were done about the use and consumption of the Carob Tree in the High and Central Valleys of the Cochabamba Department. As a result of the surveys it was determined that the consumption of the pods made up for 54% of human nourishment. The species that were consumed the most were P.pallida and P.laevigata var. andicola. Within the uses of these leguminous pods, the pods are directly consumed in their raw form and on a lesser scale in their cooked form. It was also observed that a minority use it as flour which is then ingested principally in the form of pito and api. Afterwards a chemical bromatologic analysis was done and it was determined that there was a high content of carbohydrates and fiber, a relatively good percentage of protein and a low ethereal extract, standing out more than the minerals calcium and iron. It was also determined that the highest content of protein and ethereal extract show P.laevigata var. andicola and P.nigra, the fiber P.laevigata var. andicola, and P.pallida calories. The species with the most concentration of the minerals phosphorus, iron, and calcium were P.pallida and P.nigra. The biological tests for the protein quality performed for the two species that were the most consumed show poor results of Real Digestibility (Dr), Net Use of Real Protein (UNPr), Real Biological Value (VBr), and the Relation of the Efficiency of Protein (PER). These are considerably becoming better through a thermic process (toasted 10min). The leguminous cereal complementation (corn-carob tree), favorably increased all of the biological indexes. The species P.pallida showed superiority compared to the results obtained for P.leavigata var. andicola. In the meantime these species can be considered a good energy source and with the combination of cereals can effectively cover caloric protein deficiencies.
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Pease, García Yrigoyen Franklin. "Historia Boliviana. Revista semestral. Responsable josep M. Barnadas. I/1,Cochabamba 1981." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/121602.
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Este primer número de Historia Boliviana incluye artículos de diversa temática. O.G. Hurtado informa "Sobre el estado actual de las investigaciones arqueológicas en el Beni", partiendo de la preocupación por fijar un esquema de las labores realizadas en el área por distintos arqueólogos.
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Mamani-Ortiz, Yercin. "Cardiovascular risk factors in Cochabamba, Bolivia : estimating its distribution and assessing social inequalities." Licentiate thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-164923.
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Background: The increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) is considered one of the most important public health problems worldwide and especially in Latin American (LA) countries. Although the systematic surveillance of chronic diseases and their risk factors has been recommended, Bolivia has not yet implemented a national strategy to collect and monitor CVRF information. Evidence from previous studies in Bolivia and other Latin American countries has suggested that CVRFs affect women more than men and mestizos more than indigenous people. However, a more accurate and comprehensive picture of the CVRF situation and how ethnicity and gender intersect to affect CVRFs is dearly needed to support the development of health policies to improve population health and reduce inequalities. Objective: to estimate the distribution of CVRFs and to examine intersectional in equalities in Cochabamba – Bolivia in order to provide useful information for public health practice and decision making. The specific objectives are: i) to estimate the prevalence of preventable risk factors associated with CVDs and ii) to assess and explain obesity inequalities in the intersectional spaces of ethnicity and gender. Methods: The data collection procedure was based on the Pan-American version (V2.0) of the WHO STEPS approach adapted to the Bolivian context. Between 2015 and 2016, 10,754 individuals aged over 18 years old were surveyed. The two first stages of the STEPS approach were conducted: a) Step 1 consisted of the application of a questionnaire to collect demographic and lifestyle data; b) Step 2 involved taking measurements of height, weight, blood pressure, and waist circumference of the participants. To achieve objective 1, the prevalence of relevant behavioural risk factors and anthropometric measures were calculated, and then odds ratios/prevalence ratios were estimated for each CVRF, both with crude and adjusted regression models. Regarding objective 2, an intersectionality approach based on the method suggested by Jackson et al. (67) was used to analyse the ethnic and gender inequalities in obesity. Gender and ethnicity information were combined to form four mutually exclusive intersectional positions: i) the dually disadvantaged group of indigenous women; ii) the dually advantaged group of mestizo men; and the singly disadvantaged groups of iii) indigenous men and iv) mestizo women. Joint and excess intersectional disparities in abdominal obesity were estimated as absolute prevalence differences between binary groups, using binomial regression models. The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition was applied to estimate the contributions of explanatory factors underlying the observed intersectional disparities. Main findings: Our findings revealed that Cochabamba had a high prevalence of CVRFs, with significant variations among the different socio-demographic groups. Indigenous populations and those living in the Andean region showed, in general, a lower prevalence for most of the risk factors evaluated. The prevalence of behavioural risk factors were: current smoking (11.6%); current alcohol consumption (42.76%); low consumption of fruits and vegetables (76.73%); and low level of physical activity (64.77%). The prevalence of metabolic risk factors evaluated were: being overweight (35.84%); obesity (20.49%); abdominal obesity (54.13%); and raised blood pressure (17.5%). It is important to highlight that 40.7% of participants had four or more CVRFs simultaneously. Dually and singly disadvantaged groups (indigenous women, indigenous men, and mestizo women) were less obese than the dually advantaged group (mestizomen). The joint disparity showed that the obesity prevalence was 7.26 percentage points higher in the doubly advantaged mestizo men (MM) than in the doubly disadvantaged indigenous women (IW). Mestizo men (MM) had an obesity prevalence of 4.30 percentage points higher than mestizo women (MW) and 9.18 percentage points higher than indigenous men (IM). The resulting excess intersectional disparity was 6.22 percentage points, representing -86 percentage points of the joint disparity. The lower prevalence of obesity in the doubly disadvantaged group of indigenous women (7.26 percentage points) was mainly due to ethnic differences alone. However, they had higher obesity than expected when considering both genders alone and ethnicity alone. Health behaviours were important factors in explaining the intersectional inequalities, while differences in socioeconomic and demographic factors played less important roles. Conclusion: The prevalence of all CVRFs in Cochabamba was high, and nearly two-thirds of the population reported two or more risk factors simultaneously. The intersectional disparities illustrate that abdominal obesity is not distributed according to expected patterns of structural disadvantages in the intersectional spaces of ethnicity and gender in Bolivia. A high social advantage was related to higher rates of abdominal obesity, with health behaviours as the most important factors explaining the observed inequalities. The information generated by this study provides evidence for health policymakers at the regional level and a baseline data for department-wide action plans to carry out specific interventionsin the population and on individual levels.
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Myrland, Johanna. "Two-dimensional hydraulic modeling for flood assessment of the Rio Rocha, Cochabamba, Bolivia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-229921.
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Historically humans have settled in river valleys, which has made flooding a natural hazard for human communities. This is also the situation in the valley of Cochabamba, which is frequently affected by floods. Therefore it is of high relevance to assess and manage the flood risk in order to reduce the impact in the affected areas. For this purpose hydraulic simulations were performed with the two-dimensional model Iber. The study area includes 17 kilometers of the main river, Rio Rocha, and its tributaries. The data used in the project was elevation data of high resolution and computed hydrographs. Field work and sensitivity analysis were performed to evaluate the result. The model was used to describe the dynamics of the Rio Rocha and its tributaries during flooding, such as flow path and water levels. The simulations showed that flooding mainly occurs in the tributaries and at eleven other sites without a clear riverbank. Most of the area affected by flooding is agricultural land, but also residential areas and infrastructure were also at risk. The flood duration shown to be longest for agricultural land, which can lead to major crop damage due to anoxic condition. Even though a smaller part of the affected area is residential land, the urbanization in this area is predicted to increase and more land may be settled in the near future.This thesis, along with other studies, highlights the importance of high resolution mesh to perform a hydraulic simulation with a two-dimensional model and the need of data to validate the result.
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Crespo, Carlos. "Water privatisation policies and conflicts in Bolivia the water war in Cochabamba (1999-2000) /." Thesis, Online version, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.289146.
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Wutich, Amber Yoder. "The effects of urban water scarcity on sociabilty [sic] and reciprocity in Cochabamba, Bolivia." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0013898.
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West, Madeline. "Community Water and Sanitation Alternatives in Peri-Urban Cochabamba: Progressive Politics or Neoliberal Utopia?" Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31600.
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This thesis is about the tensions faced by communitarian water service providers in peri-urban Cochabamba, Bolivia, in their continued dependence on private water vending businesses, despite efforts to socialize service delivery. Based on fieldwork conducted in Cochabamba from May-July, 2013, this thesis argues that due in part to a lack of government intervention and regulation, many communitarian water associations in Cochabamba are being held captive by private water vendors who exploit the city’s unequal distribution of water resources for profit. It makes this argument by exploring two main points: that communitarian water associations leverage progressive forms of organization to improve service delivery, but are hindered by barriers which lie outside their control; and that small-scale water businesses are able to exploit the failures of the formal state/public and informal communitarian systems by positioning themselves as a necessary operation, in a way which limits the state’s ability to regulate their activities.
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Higueras, Alvaro. "El Periodo Intermedio (Horizonte Medio) en los valles de Cochabamba: una perspectiva del análisis de asentamientos humanos y uso de tierras." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113622.
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The Early Intermediate Period (Middle Horizon) at Cochabamba Valleys: A Perspective of the Analysis of Human Settlements and Land UseKnowledge of regional interaction during the Intemediate Period (AD 500-1000) in the South Central Andes (corresponding to the Middle Horizon of the Central Andes) is essential for understanding the territorial expansion of Prehispanic Andean states. This study analyzes settlement and land use patterns in Cochabamba during the transition from the Early Intermediate Period (200 BC-AC 500) to the Middle Horizon. It has been suggested that during this latter period Cochabamba was colonized by the Tiwanaku polity to obtain agricultural resources. Archaeology of the Middle Horizon in Cochabamba is characterized by the presence of Tiwanaku style pottery, but presence of ceramics alone does not document colonization or administration from the Altiplano. In this study I analyze human occupation during the Middle Horizon in two survey areas, examining settlement and land use (agricultural capacity). The absence of changes in land use strategies and only minor variations in settlement patterns during the Middle Horizon do not correspond with changes accompanying territorial expansion by the Tiwanaku polity. I suggest a model of independent local populations to understand the occupation of Cochabamba durign the Middle Horizon. Consequently, this study offers a new example of variation in regional interaction during the Tiwanaku times in the southern Andes.La interacción regional durante el Periodo Intermedio (500-1000 d.C) en los Andes centro-sur (correspondiente al Horizonte Medio en los Andes Centrales) es esencial para la comprensión de la expansión territorial de estados prehispánicos en los Andes. En esta investigación se han estudiado cambios en los patrones de asentamiento y el uso de tierras en Cochabamba en la transición del Periodo Intermedio Temprano (200-500 d.C.) al Periodo Intermedio. Se ha sugerido que, en este último periodo, Cochabamba es colonizada por la sociedad Tiwanaku para explotar recursos agrícolas. En efecto, el Periodo Intermedio se caracteriza por la presencia de cerámica de estilo Tiwanaku, pero ello no se puede asumir como presencia de poblaciones altiplánicas. En este estudio se analiza cómo se organiza la ocupación humana y el uso de tierras en el Periodo Intermedio usando datos de la capacidad agrícola de las zonas prospectadas. La ausencia de cambios en las estrategias de uso de tierras y variaciones menores en los patrones de asentamiento del Periodo Intermedio no corresponden a una expresión de expansión territorial de Tiwanaku. Se postula el modelo de independencia de las poblaciones locales para entender la ocupación del Periodo Intermedio. Este estudio sugiere así una nueva forma de interacción regional que amplía los conocimientos de las relaciones territoriales de la sociedad Tiwanaku y de sociedades expansionistas de los Andes.
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Schafer, Cynthia Anne. "Impact of Tank Material on Water Quality in Household Water Storage Systems in Cochabamba, Bolivia." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3596.
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The importance of water as a mechanism for the spread of disease is well recognized. This study conducted household surveys and measured several physical, chemical, and microbial water quality indicators in 37 elevated storage tanks constructed of different materials (polyethylene, fiberglass, cement) located in a peri-urban community near Cochabamba, Bolivia. Results show that although there is no significant difference in physical and chemical water quality between polyethylene, fiberglass and cement water storage tanks there is a difference in microbial contamination as measured by E. Coli counts (p = 0.082). Evidence points toward elevated water temperatures that increase along the distribution system (from 10.6°C leaving the treatment plant) to within the black polyethylene storage tank (temperatures as high as 33.7°C) as the most significant factor in promoting bacterial growth. Results indicate that cleaning frequency may also contribute to microbial water quality (p = 0.102).
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Lind, Sara. "Child work: empowerment or violation of rights? : Stories from former Child Workers in Cochabamba, Bolivia." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Jönköping University, HLK, Globala studier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49272.
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Many international conventions concern child labour and child work and this practice tend to often be viewed as a violation of child rights. However, the discourse has changed and a tension among universalistic and relativistic scholars risen. The former tends to condemn child work under the age of 14 and the latter claims that culture needs to be taken into account arguing that child work, is not necessarily a violation of rights. This study analyses narratives from former child workers in Cochabamba, Bolivia. It aims to increase the understanding of experiences from child workers and how it relates to Child Rights from a universalistic and relativistic perspective and to identify reasons for child work. The findings demonstrate that the experiences vary a lot and that there is a complexity in the practice of child work. The respondents have experienced violation of rights at their work, but on the other hand, has the income enabled them to fulfil other rights. The relativistic and universalistic perspective both serve to gain a deeper understanding of child work and its complex relationship of Child Rights. This argue for that one should strive to use both perspectives rather than embrace one and condemn the other. Economic need was identified as the main reason to why children were working.
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Salimi, Kate. "Gender Dimensions of Community-managed Water Systems: Gender-water Realities in Peri-urban Cochabamba, Bolivia." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32250.
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This thesis examines women’s participation in community-managed water systems in peri-urban Cochabamba, Bolivia based on fieldwork conducted from June-August 2013. Informed by a Feminist political ecology framework, this thesis demonstrates that there are key gendered differences in experiences with water because women are the primary managers of water in the home, and their labour, time and livelihoods are significantly impacted by the lack of safe water. By unearthing women’s experiences and opinions from a number of water committees, networked systems of water should be considered part of a ‘feminist agenda’ as having access to networked water systems decreases women’s physical workloads and the costs of household water. However, while networked water systems are not perfect from a gendered perspective as male community members hold most of the decision-making positions, alliances with progressive NGOs play an important role within Cochabamba’s waterscape as they promote a politics of equity and encourage women to see themselves as vocal subjects, able to define and defend their gender interests.
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Razavi, Nasya S. "Uses and Customs in Bolivia: Impacts of the Irrigation Law on Access to Water in the Cochabamba Valley." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22890.
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Networks of indigenous irrigating farmers played an influential role in the Cochabamba Water War of 2000 that succeeded in ousting the major water company Bechtel from Bolivia and securing changes to the national legislation to recognize indigenous water rights. In their mobilization against privatization, the irrigators used a narrative grounded in the defense of their water rights and traditional uses and customs or usos y costumbres. Following the Water War, the irrigators effectively organized to have their traditional water rights recognized in the new Irrigation Law no. 2878, which was signed into law in 2004, and the Regulations, which came into effect in 2006. This paper critically examines the impacts of the Irrigation Law on access to water in the heavily farmed region of the Cochabamba Valley. It asks whether the social inequalities amongst farming communities, often exacerbated by usos y costumbres, are being reinforced through the law’s implementation. An analysis of the political processes of institutional change and the power dynamics in the rural water sector reveals that the configuration of power asymmetries formalized in the Irrigation Law maintains unequal access to water resources.
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Meneses, Garcia Julieta. "La question de l'eau dans la conurbation de Cochachamba." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT3019.
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En adoptant une approche pluridisciplinaire par l'examen des données climatiques, historiques, juridiques et économiques-imbriquées dans les modes de gestion locaux-notre thèse s'est proposée d'identifier les problèmes ayant trait à la ressource en eau dans la conurbation de Cochabamba. Cette identification a révélé un manque flagrant de données globales sur l'espace du bassin versant du Rio Rocha, dans le respect du caractère essentiel de l'eau : son unicité. Hormis l'absence d'une véritable volonté politique pour résoudre rapidement les maux qui accablent la population, l'émergence de nouveaux acteurs de la société civile et de mouvements de défense de l'environnement semble avoir fait de al conurbation un laboratoire à ciel ouvert. D'autant que la résistance sociale (guerre de l'eau) contre une gestion privée a fait que la population ne se résigne plus à quémander des solutions et qu'elle se rende capable d'élaborer des projets de loi, de résoudre les problèmes, de se battre pour la revitalasation de la Vision andine de l'eau et pour que la loi de participation populaire prenne tout son sens dans la pratique. Elle a ainsi promu l'accès à l'eau comme un droit de l'Homme, ce qui a été concrétisé le 28 juillet 2012, par l'ONU. Néanmoins, dans une conjoncture de « métropolisation », la question fondamentale concernant la lutte contra al pollution de l'eau et les mesures pou réduire les incidences du changement climatique demeurent sans réponse politique concrète, alors qu'elles nécessitent une attention prioritaire.
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Sage, Colin Leslie. "Petty producers, potatoes and land : a case study of agrarian change in the Cochabamba Serranla, Bolivia." Thesis, Durham University, 1990. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6249/.
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The thesis comprises a study of agrarian change in one highland, ex-hacienda locality in the Cochabamba region of Bolivia and documents a process of agricultural intensification and crop specialisation amongst small producers. The thesis demonstrates that. Since the Agrarian Reform, a process of commoditization has transformed the locality, leading to its incorporation into the regional economy as a major producer of potatoes. It examines the role played by a dynamic sector of truck operators and commercial intermediaries in stimulating this process. The thesis reconstructs the emergence of the hacienda, and the forms of production which co-existed on the estate. It documents the implementation of the Agrarian Reform and the distribution of land titles to ex-labour-rent tenants which consolidated the pattern of usufruct holdings and consequently formalised inequality between households. The contemporary situation is characterised by an intensive farming system which places considerable demands upon local environmental resources. The thesis conducts a detailed analysis of the existing pattern of land ownership, labour relationships and the distribution of other productive resources, to demonstrate that access to the means of production, control over the production process and disposal of the fruits of labour are highly uneven between households. However, inequality in the control over agricultural operations, besides the movement of labour from poor to rich households, do not by themselves provide sufficient evidence of differentiation between units. The thesis examines other dimensions which play a vital role in determining the social and economic trajectory of households. These include the role played by non-agricultural economic activities and the organisational structure of households. The thesis demonstrates the value of moving beyond the boundaries that conventionally define the analysis of household production, in order to examine dynamics within the domestic unit. Case studies are used to illustrate this approach.
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Breña, Vásquez Christian Hernán. "Estabilidad de taludes de la carretera longitudinal de la sierra; tramo Cochabamba-Cutervo-Chiple, Cajamarca-Perú." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/11386.
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Manifiesta que los factores que influyen en la interacción roca-suelo en los taludes de la carretera Longitudinal de la sierra tramo Cochabamba-Cutervo-Chiple, Cajamarca, Perú son; meteorización, humedad, y parámetros geotécnicos (peso unitario, cohesión, ángulo de fricción interna, límites de Atterberg). La investigación es en base a Geología, Geotecnia, Geomecánica rocasuelo, agua y Geofísica, que aplicados buscó conseguir la estabilidad de los taludes. La carretera evaluada por su clima, presenta dos sectores; (1) Clima seco Cochabamba-Cutervo a progresiva 61; (2) Clima caluroso húmedo Progresiva Chiple a progresiva 61. La cohesión del suelo a lo largo del sector de la carretera es diferente, que favorece que repten y colapsen proceso que interrumpe el normal del transporte de insumos y personas. El procesamiento de datos se hizo en tiempo real, información o datos que se acopio para determinas los parámetros geotécnicos insitu como; factor de seguridad estático, factor de seguridad pseudoestáticos, cálculos de carga admisible, carga única e hidrogeología. Las obras de arte se hicieron para canalizar las aguas y evitar que se filtren y proporciona los factores de corrección en diferentes ambientes para conseguir la estabilidad de los taludes.Tesis
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Pierrard, Alexis. "Dialectologie sociale quechua ˸ approche variationnelle du réseau dialectal sud bolivien : focus sur le Valle Alto de Cochabamba." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA111/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur le quechua bolivien méridional et ses aspects linguistiques, historiques et sociolinguistiques. Au niveau historique, j’y défends un modèle de diffusion centrifuge hiérarchique urbaine relativement tardive (17ème et 18ème siècles) et d’une hispanisation précoce de cette variété de quechua 2C, avec pour centre principal de diffusion la ville impériale minière de Potosí. L’articulation entre une approche émique (dialectologie perceptive) et étique (sociolinguistique variationniste) m’a par ailleurs mené à proposer une hiérarchisation sociolectale entre deux variétés de quechua bolivien reposant largement sur la perception d’une plus ou moins grande hispanisation. Deux variables linguistiques particulièrement saillantes de cette structuration ont été retenues pour l’étude de la région du Valle Alto de Cochabamba. Les variantes à voyelles basses du morphème du pluriel inclusif Chik, [čeχ], [čaχ], autrefois prestigieuses et en passe de s’imposer sur la variante haute [čis], associée à la ruralité, connaissent aujourd’hui un fort recul suite aux bouleversements socioéconomiques et migratoires des 80 dernières années. Dans le même temps, en production, la distribution des variantes rurales [ʃa] et des variantes urbaines [sqa], [sa] du morphème du progressif Chka, demeure globalement stable. L’interprétation proposée est le manque de saillance de la variable dû à l’absence d’opposition entre sibilantes alvéolaire et post-alvéolaire en quechua 2C et à un phénomène de quasi fusion des allomorphes en perceptionThis dissertation deals with southern Bolivian Quechua and its linguistic, historical, and sociolinguistic aspects. At a historical level, I advance a model of relatively late (17th and 18th centuries) urban hierarchical centrifugal diffusion and an early Castilianization of the 2C Quechua variety, holding as the main center of diffusion the imperial mining city of Potosí. At the same time, the intersection betwen an emic (perceptive dialectology) and etic (variational sociolinguistic) approach results in the proposal of a sociolectal hierarchy between two varieties of Bolivian Quechua based largely on the perceived strength of Castillianization. As a result, this study of the Cochabamba Valle Alto involves two linguistic variables that are of particular relevance to the proposed structuring. The variants with low vowels from the plural inclusive morpheme Chik, [čeχ], [čaχ], formerly considered prestigious and once on the verge of imposing themselves on the high vowel variant [čis], traditionally linked to rurality, are now experiencing a strong setback as a result of the profound socioeconomic and migratory transformation of the last eighty years. At the same time, in production, the distribution of the rural [ʃa] and urban [sqa], [sa] variants of the morpheme of the progressive Chka remains globally stable. The proposed interpretation is that the lack of prominence of the variable stems from the lack of oposition between the alveolar and post-alveolar sibilants in Quechua 2C, as well as a phenomenon of near merger between the allomorphs in perception
Esta tesis trata del quechua boliviano meridional y de sus aspectos lingüísticos, históricos y sociolingüísticos. A nivel histórico, se defiende un modelo de difusión centrífuga jerárquica urbana relativamente tardía (siglos 17 y 18) y una castellanización temprana de esta variedad de quechua 2C, teniendo como centro principal de difusión la ciudad imperial minera de Potosí. Por otra parte, la articulación entre une acercamiento émico (dialectología perceptiva) y ético (sociolingüística variacionista) me lleva a proponer la existencia de una jerarquización sociolectal entre dos variedades de quechua boliviano, basada ampliamente sobre la percepción de una castellanización más o menos fuerte. Dos variables lingüísticas particularmente relevantes en torno a esta estructuración han sido escogidas para el estudio del Valle Alto de Cochabamba. Las variantes con vocales bajas del morfema del plural inclusivo CHIK, [čeχ], [čaχ], antiguamente prestigiosas y alguna vez a punto de imponerse sobre la variante de vocal alta [čis], vinculada con la ruralidad, conocen hoy en día un fuerte retroceso debido a las profundas transformaciones socioeconómicas y migratorias de los últimos 80 años. Al mismo tiempo, en producción, la distribución de las variantes rurales [ʃa] y de las variantes urbanas [sqa], [sa] del morfema del progresivo CHKA, se mantiene globalmente estable. La interpretación propuesta es la falta de prominencia de la variable debida a la ausencia de oposición entre sibilantes alveolar y post-alveolar en quechua 2C y a un fenómeno de quasi fusión de los alomorfos en percepción
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Walnycki, Anna Maria. "Rights on the edge : the right to water and the peri-urban drinking water committees of Cochabamba." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/47224/.
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This thesis examines how constitutional reforms relating to the right to water in Bolivia have affected water provision in peri-urban Cochabamba. This multi-sited ethnography explores how the right to water has framed reforms to the Bolivian water sector, how and why the right to water has been contested in Bolivia, the impact of reforms to the water sector on peri-urban water committees and emerging challenges and opportunities for sustainable water provision in peri-urban Bolivia. It demonstrates that despite the high profile role played by Bolivia in advancing the right to water at the international and national level, in practice the right to water continues to be a fairly nebulous concept. There is a disconnect between Bolivia's international stance on the human right to water and national reforms around the right to water. This thesis contends that the right to water is a banner under which the water sector has been reformed since the election of Evo Morales in 2006. Even though the constitution states that everyone has the right to water, in practice water often continues to be provided through community providers such as drinking water committees (DWCs), largely due to the failure of municipal water provision. Reforms and policy have focussed on (re)nationalising the sector and establishing new institutions to regulate and develop diverse water providers such as peri-urban DWCs. Through detailed ethnographic examination of peri-urban Cochabamba, the thesis demonstrates that activists and community-water providers in rural and peri-urban areas have contested reforms linked to the right to water. They have contended that reforms have the potential to undermine community water systems, and furthermore, that the state has failed to guarantee basic human rights and service provision. To date, the state and non-state initiatives to enhance the sustainability of DWCs have focussed on certain elements of sustainability, specifically protecting the aquifer and enhancing institutional sustainability of DWCs. By drawing on the experience and development of one DWC, this thesis also explores further elements that present challenges and opportunities to enhance sustainable water provision in peri-urban areas, namely building equitable access, and the reconciling of local power relations.
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Candia, Barrientos Alicia Gabriela. "Restauración del Convento Santa Teresa de Carmelitas Descalzas: proyecto para la Escuela Superior de artes – Cochabamba / Bolívia." Faculdade de Arquitetura - FAUFBA, 2016. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/21136.
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Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN); Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB)
El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo desarrollar y elaborar un proyecto arquitectónico, buscando la mejor solución para su restauración, para el conjunto arquitectónico del Convento Santa Teresa de Carmelitas Descalzas, edificio que comenzó su construcción en el año 1760, y que actualmente se encuentra dentro los límites del área de protección del Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de Cochabamba. Se trata de un edificio con grandes características históricas, artísticas y sobre todo arquitectónicas, lo que después de un gran período de abandono finalmente el año 2012 fue declarado monumento nacional. Para tener una mejor comprensión y subsidios suficientes para la elaboración de un proyecto de restauro coherente; se realizaron profundas investigaciones históricas tanto del edificio como de las condicionantes externas. El trabajo de relevamiento catastral está basado en un estudio elaborado por la Fundación Imagen, quien nos cedió gentilmente sus planos catastrales sobre los cuales realizamos un trabajo de verificación de datos. El diagnostico fue elaborado en base a los planos catastrales y sobre todo las visita de inspección realizada en junio el año 2014, esta visita técnica nos ayudo a identificar aquellas patologías que el edificio presenta. Finalmente la propuesta para el proyecto de restaura no hubiera podido ser realizado sin la conclusión de las etapas previas. Este proyecto busca a la vez de subsanar las patologías detectadas en el diagnostico, con la aplicación de técnicas contemporáneas compatibles con las existentes en el edificio. Pero creemos que la mayor contribución de este trabajo radica en la posibilidad de experimentar con la inserción de edificios contemporáneos con la finalidad de buscar la recuperación de una unidad fragmentada. Buscar el tan ansiado diálogo de lo nuevo con lo antiguo. Para esto se propuso un nuevo programa arquitectónico que a la vez que restaurara el edificio le diera un nuevo uso, generándose así la “Escuela Superior de Artes Santa Teresa”.
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Cajusol, Vallejos Carlos Enrique. "Diseño de la carretera Huayrabamba – Chiple Bajo, distrito de Cochabamba, provincia de Chota, departamento de Cajamarca, 2018." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/3628.
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El presente proyecto se trata en elaborar el diseño vial, presupuesto y cronograma del Diseño de la carretera Huayrabamba – Chiple Bajo, del Distrito de Cochabamba, Provincia de Chota, Departamento de Cajamarca 2018. La carretera tiene 7 + 090 KM y un espesor de afirmado de 20 cm que será tratado con Terrazyme, el tramo de cunetas es de 7100.1 m y en el drenaje transversal cuenta con 6 alcantarillas de pase, que serán diseñadas Tipo Cajón y 23 de alivio TMC con diámetro de 36”. Este proyecto se desarrollará en 4 fases: FASE I: Recorrer toda la zona donde se realizará la información adecuada para diseñar la carretera. FASE II: Estudios Básicos FASE III: Diseño de la carretera FASE IV: Elaboración de cada parte del poryecto. Para la elaboración del Expediente Técnico se tendrá en cuenta la normativa nacional del Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones (M.T.C.), y a la vez su ámbito de aplicación, y también se utilizará bibliografía relacionada con el diseño de carreteras.
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Miranda, Fernandez Saul Victor. "Procesamiento y conservación del choclo pequeño (Zea mays L) en la provincia Aiquile Departamento de Cochabamba : uso de antioxidantes, evaluación organoléptica y factibilidad industrial /." Diss., Cochabamba, Bolivia, 1997. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cgi-bin/docviewer.exe?CISOROOT=/Benson&CISOPTR=5649.
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Tesis de grado para obtener el titulo de Ingeniero Agrónomo, Universidad Mayor de San Simon, Facultad de ciencias agricolas, pecuarias, forestales y veterinarias "Martin Cardenas."Abstract in Spanish and English.
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Uhel, Mathieu. "Eau et pouvoir : les échelles des mouvements altermondialistes et révolutionnaires en Bolivie et au Venezuela." Caen, 2013. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952142.
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L’appropriation des mécanismes de production et de distribution de l’eau constitue un enjeu de pouvoir pour le contrôle des conditions de la vie, tant individuelle que collective. Suite à l’appropriation publique nationale puis privée transnationale des services de l’eau, des mouvements contestataires et révolutionnaires ont milité pour une organisation démocratique de l’exercice du pouvoir. Quels sont les acteurs et les mécanismes responsables des inégalités d’accès à l’eau ? A quelle(s) échelle(s) doivent être réparties les ressources et les compétences en matière de services de l’eau ? Plus globalement, dans quel projet politique de transformation sociale s’insèrent ces revendications sectorielles ? Afin de répondre à ces questions, la recherche a été organisée en deux grands moments, l’un théorique et l’autre empirique. Il s’est avéré tout d’abord nécessaire de construire un cadre d’analyse des échelles de la domination et de l’émancipation, à l’aide d’une articulation des systèmes de pensée marxien et foucaldien. Il s’est agi ensuite d’analyser la dimension scalaire du mouvement altermondialiste et des révolutions socialistes en Bolivie et au Venezuela, processus qui défendent une démocratisation de la prestation des services pour l’universalisation de l’accès à l’eau. « Prendre au mot » ces mouvements contestataires et révolutionnaires a impliqué de s’intéresser à la production discursive et juridique (analyse critique du discours) ainsi qu’aux effets de l’action collective sur la réalité sociale (observations et entretiens) des acteurs engagés dans ces processus sociopolitiquesThe appropriation of water production and supply mechanisms constitutes a strategic power issue for the control of the basic living conditions that have an impact both individual and collective. From a former national public sector to a private transnational appropriation, water services are now subject to contentious and revolutionaries movements who militate for a democratic organization of the power exercise. Who are the actors and what are the mechanisms responsible for the inequalities of access to water? At what scale(s) must be distributed resources and skills regarding the water services? Overall, in which political project of social transformation those claims fit into?In order to answer these questions, the research is divided in two parts: one is theoretical, while the other one takes a more empirical look. First of all, an analytic frame using an articulation of the marxian and foucaldian systems of thoughts has been made up to study domination and emancipation scales. Then, the question of analyzing the scalar dimension of the antiglobalization movement and the socialist revolutions in Bolivia and in Venezuela as emerged, considering that they both defend a democratization of the services and further the universalization of the access to water. Taking these contentious and revolutionaries movements “at their word” has implied studying the laws and discourses they produce (using a critical discourse analysis) and the collective action effects on the social reality (by making observations and conducting interviews) of actors involved in these socio-political processes
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Vallejos, Arnez Magali. "Evaluation of the seed production of tall grasses tolerant to drought and salinity in the Tamborada region - Cochabamba." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5447.
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This study was conducted on plots established by the Benson Institute in the Tamborada region of Cochabamba, Bolivia. The objective of the study was to evaluate the seed production of tall grasses that are tolerant to drought and salinity. A design of randomized blocks in divided plots with and without fertilizer was used. The results showed that the species with the greatest number of stems and inflorescence was Bromus inermis with 10.9 and 88.67 respectively. It was determined that fertilization has an effect on plant height. Furthermore, the species with the greatest seed yield was Festuca arundinacea with 30.4 kg/ha.
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Ajhuacho, Jorge Marcial Choque. "Condições Operacionais para o Desenvolvimento do Mercado de Eficiência Energética no Setor Residencial: O Caso de Cochabamba, Bolívia." Universidade de São Paulo, 1998. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-19012012-162125/.
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A próxima década oferece ao mundo um verdadeiro desafio em relação à conservação de várias formas de energia. Para isso, torna-se necessário a cooperação de vários agentes envolvidos no desenvolvimento de um mercado de eficiência energética, tais como, o governo, a agência reguladora, as empresas geradoras de eletricidade, os vendedores de equipamentos, as empresas distribuidoras de eletricidade e os consumidores. O setor residencial da cidade de Cochabamba é responsável por 44% do consumo de energia elétrica, abrange 86.88% dos consumidores do sistema elétrico de Cochabamba e tem uma taxa média de crescimento da demanda de energia elétrica de 8.S% ao ano. Este setor é muito importante e apresenta um grande potencial de conservação de energia elétrica nos três usos finais que apresentam o maior consumo (79%) em Cochabamba: refrigeração, iluminação e aquecimento da água. No presente trabalho, realiza-se a caracterização da demanda de eletricidade por usos finais em um estudo-piloto, com uma metodologia desenvolvida a partir da realização de uma pesquisa de hábitos de consumo e posse de eletrodomésticos. São analisadas as oportunidades que apresentam-se atualmente na Bolívia para viabilizar o desenvolvimento do mercado de tecnologia ecientes em razão da recente restruturação do setor elétrico boliviano que oferece sinais econômicos de mercado para atingir a eficiência econômica no fornecimento elétrico a custo mínimo. Também são analisadas as barreiras que existem na Bolívia para a introdução de tecnologias eficientes no mercado e propõem-se diversas condições que devem estabelecer-se para desenvolver um mercado de eciência energética. Analisam-se as condições operacionais associando ações do agente regulador, dos vendedores de equipamentos das empresas de energia elétrica e dos consumidores para a aceleração da penetração de tecnologias eficientes de uso final disponíveis em outros mercados.The next decade introduces a real challenge for energy conservation. This will require the cooperation of many actors involved in an energy efficiency market as the government, the regulatory body, the electric power generating companies, the equipment vendors, the electricity distribution companies and the consumers. In the city of Cochabamba, the residential sector uses 44 percent of the total electrical energy consumption and corresponds to 86,88 percent of the electricity users. As the average demand growth rate is 8.5 percent per year, the residential sector has a large potential for electricity conservation because the three most important end-uses (lighting, refrigeration and water heating) consume 79 percent of total electricity in Cochabamba. The present work assesses the electricity end-uses through a pilot study, applying a methodology using a survey on electrical appliances and consumption. The opportunities for development of an energy efficient tecnologies market in Bolivia are also analized as the recent electricy reform is providing economic signals to achieve economic efficiency at the least-cost electricity supply. The barriers to the introduction of energy efficient tecnologies in Bolivia are also considered with the required conditions for development of a market for energy efficiency. For that purpose, the operational conditions includes the role of the regulatory agency, the equipment vendors, the electricity companies and the consumers in order to accelerate the introduction of efficient tecnologies for end uses available in other markets.
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Hernández, Alberto. "Xavier Albo, Los mil rostros del quechua. Sociolingüística de Cochabamba, Lima (Instituto de Estudios Peruanos) 1974, 268 pp•." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101016.
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Aljovín, de Losada Cristóbal. "Larson, Brooke. Colonialism and Agrarian Transformation in Bolivia. Cochabamba 1550-1900. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1988." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122045.
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Cortes, Geneviève. "La migration : survie et mutations des sociétés paysannes andines : deux exemples dans le Valle Alto de Cochabamba (Bolivie)." Toulouse 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU20009.
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Face aux pressions externes et a la deterioration croissante des conditions de production (secheresse, pression fonciere , politiques nationales. . . ), les paysans boliviens en particulier ceux des vallees inter-andines de cochabamba, cherchen t a diversifier leur economie familiale et elargir leur espace de vie. A partir de trois exemples de communautes paysannes quechuas, cette etude montre le role que jouent actuellement la migration vers les zones de production de coca du chapare, ou encore la migration a l'etranger (argentine, etats-unis, israel. . . ), dans les logiques de subsistance paysannes, aussi bien du point de vue de la reproduction du groupe familial que communautaire. L'objectif principal de l'etude est de mettre en lumiere les mutations economiques et socioculturelles qu'engendre cette mobilite spatiale dans les zones de depart. Trois niveaux d'analyse sont developpes. La premiere partie traite des facteurs economiques, politiques et socioculturel s qui conduisent ces populations a diversifier leur economie par le biais de la migration. La deuxieme partie se place du point de vue de la logique spatiale familiale et tente de situer ces strategies migratoires dans le contexte national et international (economie de la coca-cocaine, traditions d'emigration). La troisieme partie cherche a identifier les r etombees de la migration sur le devenier de la societe paysanne a partir d'enquetes micro-economiques (analyse des syste mes de production, provenance des revenus familiaux, niveaux et modes de consommation, satisfaction des besoins alimenta ires et nutritionnels)Faced with external pressures and deterioration of the production conditions (land partitionning, national policy), the bolivian peasants, especially those of the interandean valleys of cochabamba, are diversifying their familial economy and extending thir living space. The study of three quechua peasant communities underlines the role played by the migration, either to coca producing lands (chapare) or abroad (argentina, united states, israel. . . ), in peasant subsiste nce, both in terms of family or community growth. The major objective is to point out the economical and sociocultural mutations induced by this spacial mobility in the andean peasant society. Three levels of analysis have been developped; the first part deals with economical, political and socio-cultural factors that lead these people to diversify their economy through migration. The second part analyses the family spatial logistics and attempts to situate the migratory strategies in the national and international context (coca-cocain econo my, emigration traditions). The aim of the third part is to identify the impacts of migration on the peasant society using micro-economical surveys (analysis of production systems, sources of family incomes, levels and types of consommation, fullfillment of alimentary and nutritional needs)
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Balderrama, Guzman Alvaro Eduardo. "La historia como sistema estructural para la conservación y uso social de patrimonio urbano y arquitectónico; el caso de la ciudad de Cochabamba." Universidad Mayor de San Andrés. Programa Cybertesis BOLIVIA, 2008. http://www.cybertesis.umsa.bo:8080/umsa/2008/balderrama_ga/html/index-frames.html.
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Este trabajo destaca la importancia que tiene la conservación de viviendas, edificios o espacios públicos con tradición histórica, por pequeños o grandes que sean, los que a su vez forman conjuntos homogéneos -Centros históricos- de alto valor cultural para sus habitantes por ser elementos que refuerzan su identidad a través de la memoria colectiva. Los centros son áreas urbanizadas que cuentan con todos los servicios de infraestructura, donde es posible contar con calidad medioambiental, ahorrar energía y bajar costos de trasporte debido al menor desplazamiento de la población a sitios alejados, a su vez los Centros Históricos son generadores de ingresos por la afluencia de actividades culturales y turismo. El patrimonio construido es un componente vital de la sociedad que sirve para afirmar día a día identidades colectivas, para lograr desarrollos culturales auténticos y para fortalecer una sociedad que se mire a sí misma, que sepa mejorar sus condiciones de vida y asimilar los cambios tecnológicos sin necesidad de disfrazar su realidad al adoptar formas extrañas a la esencia de sus habitantes. En este entendido se hace necesario replantear el enfoque sobre la conservación del patrimonio y darle un nuevo rumbo hacia el uso social, donde el Estado y la sociedad civil tengan relación directa con el patrimonio arquitectónico y urbanístico. Como tema central, este trabajo aborda el caso de la ciudad de Cochabamba, atípico debido a la existencia de dos realidades urbanas al interior de un mismo perímetro construido. Establecidas ambas tradiciones culturales, se puede estudiar el valor patrimonial con que cuentan ambas tradiciones, que por su utilidad o su simbolismo han modelado a través del tiempo el imaginario de la ciudad y por tanto de sus habitantes. El cruce de las dos variables: ESPACIO (ciudad) y TIEMPO (historia), determinan físicamente el emplazamiento de sitios patrimoniales que, debido a la acción depredadora del tiempo, la política, la especulación inmobiliaria y otros agentes destructivos muestran conjuntos patrimoniales discontinuos. Como resultado de ello se propone hablar de “áreas históricas de Cochabamba”, en lugar de “Centro Histórico de Cochabamba”.
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Green, Elizabeth Tremont. "An evaluation of camelid skeletal frequencies, patterning, deposition, and food utility at the site of Pirque Alto, Cochabamba, Bolivia." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Sánchez, Canedo Walter. "Inkas, “flecheros” y mitmaqkuna : Cambio social y paisajes culturales en los Valles y en los Yungas de Inkachaca/Paracti y Tablas Monte (Cochabamba-Bolivia, siglos XV-XVI)." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9207.
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The research work addresses the changes that occurred in the valley and the Yungas of Cochabamba during the Inka Horizon (1400-1538 AC) while introducing in an exploratory way, the Late Intermediate (1100-1400 AC) and the Middle Horizon (400-1100 AC) periods. In theoretical terms, we emphasize the local human agency (individual and social) as important elements in order to understand the processes of social change. We assume that the complex relational webs generated by the Inka presence in the valleys and the Yungas appear as "traces" in the space (as constructed landscapes: social, agro-hydrological, sacral, administrative, war landscapes etc.) that can be seized from two sources, archaeological and historical, that are seen as complementing each other.
We carried out two case studies in the Yungas of Tablas Monte and Inkachaca /Paracti. In both areas, previously unknown to Bolivian archaeology, we examined the impact of the Inka. Based upon material evidence, such as the sophisticated agro-hydrological system sustained by an intensive use of the stone as well as documentary data, we discuss the presence of warrior groups, i.e. that the arrival of the Inka had a relative impact in this area.
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Menéndez, Monzonís Laura. "La Calidad de Vida Urbana medida a través del tipo de acceso al agua potable. el caso de Cochabamba, Bolivia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/323086.
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La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la calidad de vida de una población a partir su tipo de acceso al agua potable, especialmente en las zonas donde no existe cobertura de la red pública. Para ello se diseña un Índice de Calidad de Vida Urbana (ICVU) en el que el acceso al agua potable es un factor determinante. Esta herramienta da respuesta a los estudios internacionales que demuestran que el agua es un factor esencial en la calidad de vida de una sociedad y por tanto no debe considerarse tan sólo como una variable más dentro de la dimensión del hábitat (como hasta el momento se ha considerado en los métodos existentes para el cálculo de la calidad de vida).
Por otro lado, el estudio del caso se ha realizado en el área sin cobertura de agua potable de la ciudad de Cochabamba (Bolivia). Por lo que, además del objetivo principal mencionado, ha contribuido a dar solución al problema de la carencia de información de la zona. La obtención de estos datos actualizados y representativos es de gran importancia ya que permite hacer un diagnóstico adecuado de la zona más vulnerable de la ciudad y por tanto será de gran utilidad a la hora de proyectar futuras intervenciones, especialmente en aquellas relacionadas con la mejora del acceso al agua y la calidad de vida de los habitantes.
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Delgadillo, Barriga Sandra Carola. "Creation of three nutritional mixes based on amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus) and other Andean crops for school-aged children (Cochabamba-Bolivia)." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2002. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5356.
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In Bolivia we have three very valuable Andean grains: amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus), quinoa (Chenopodium quinua), and canihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule), which combined with cereals and legumes can become a complete and balanced food in order to combat the malnutrition that is so widespread in our region. In this study, various nutritional mixes were formulated, based on amaranth and other Andean crops, and the three best were chosen according to nutrition, palatability, and cost. They were: Andean Baby Food, Mixicereal, and Amaranth Cookie, which have an amino acid complement between 79% and 100% and give satisfactory amounts of protein, energy, and minerals for school-aged children. Afterward, the biological quality of the three foods was determined through biological evaluation studies, determining weight gain to be between 64.26 and 87.28, digestibility between 60% and 78%, and PER between 1.75 and 2.36. The cost of the three final products was less than 0.08 cents of an American dollar for every 100 grams of mix. Finally, sensory analyses were performed on the three products with 90 children, from 5 to 9 years old, from two rural schools in Quillacollo province, Cochabamba, and a preference for Mixicereal was observed. Based on these results, we conclude that the three mixes studied are excellent nutritional complements, with high biological value, sensory acceptability, and within the means of a population with scarce economic resources.
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Godoy, Claudia Gicela Maldonado. "Análise espacial das aglomerações de comércio e prestação de serviços a varejo no sistema urbano : caso: município Cercado, Cochabamba - Bolívia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/29129.
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O comércio e a prestação de serviços a varejo, nos últimos anos sofreram um crescimento considerável dentro dos sistemas urbanos, manifestando-se espacialmente no território, ocupando e transformando espaços, gerando vários impactos segundo suas características. A atividade econômica a varejo dentro dos sistemas urbanos tem esquemas particulares segundo características sócio-culturais do território em que se desenvolvem. No entanto de maneira geral a concentração e conformação de aglomerações desta atividade em certos lugares do sistema urbano é um padrão comum. A tendência de agrupação desta atividade está relacionada com o poder de atração que podem gerar nos consumidores, pela variedade e economias oferecidas. O presente trabalho pretende analisar e entender as aglomerações de comércio e prestação de serviços a varejo no sistema urbano num caso de estudo o Município de Cercado, em Cochabamba – Bolívia, aplicando-se indicadores de análise espacial e software de simulação. O trabalho encontra-se estruturado em 4 partes: na primeira se realiza uma revisão conceitual de teorias relacionadas com a análise de economia espacial; numa segunda parte, contextualiza-se a área de estudo e se analisa em maior profundidade a atividade comercial e a prestação de serviços a varejo, identificando-se tipologias; na terceira parte se determinam as variáveis de análises, para desenvolver o indicador espacial “Convergência”, o qual nos permitirá identificar os pontos mais convergentes no sistema urbano, em situações concretas, para o qual foram definidos três contextos de análises, determinados pelas características de consumo. Numa última parte, são analisados os resultados de convergência obtidos e avaliados os possíveis contextos e a importância da utilização de ferramentas de simulação e indicadores de análise espacial no estudo dos sistemas urbanos.In the last years, retail services and trade have experienced a considerable increase into the urban systems, making evident on the territory, occupying and transforming spaces, generating different impacts according to their characteristics. The retail businesses into the urban systems have particular plans according to socio-cultural characteristics of the territory in which they develop. However, in general, the concentration and formation of clusters of activity in certain parts of the urban system is a pattern of clustering common. The tendency trend of this activity is directly related to the power of attraction that can lead to consumers, both by the variety and savings offered.This work aims to analyze and understand these agglomerations of trade and services retail in the urban system, this will analyze a real case study "The municipality of Cercado, Cochabamba – Bolivia”, applied spatial analysis and indicators simulation software. The work is structured in 4 parts: the first is a conceptual review of theories related to the analysis of spatial economics, then in a second, it contextualizes the study area and discussed deeply the commercial characteristic and the provision for retail services (identifying typologies); third party in determining the variables of analysis, to develop the indicator space convergence, which will enable us to identify the most convergent the urban system, in specific situations, for which three scenarios were defined for analysis, characterized by certain consumption of the system. In a last part, the results are analyzed in order to identify possible scenarios for this activity within the urban system, and also assess the importance of using simulation tools and indicators spatial analysis in the study of urban systems.
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Fiestas, Urbina Hugo Martin. "Aillu: sistema de botiquín comunitario de atención primaria para la promoción y prevención sanitaria en la población de Cochabamba, Áncash." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/19571.
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La Atención Primaria de Salud ofrece tratamiento y medicación básica a la población,
asimismo, promueve el cuidado de su salud al brindarles información sobre cómo
prevenir afecciones. Sin embargo, su acceso en comunidades rurales como Cochabamba, en
el departamento de Áncash, es limitado y genera ineficacia en la promoción de la salud y
prevención de enfermedades. En este contexto, el botiquín representa una herramienta
fundamental de primeros auxilios, cuyo estudio guio esta investigación con un enfoque de
Diseño Social, Emocional y Participativo. Su diseño actual se orienta a innovaciones
técnicas y funcionales con productos de similar morfología, donde la organización de
medicamentos e insumos de primeros auxilios es primordial. No obstante, se limitan casi
exclusivamente al tratamiento de emergencia y solo apoyan la atención primaria
superficialmente. Este estudio plantea el diseño del Sistema de Botiquín Comunitario
Aillu, que brinda atención primaria accesible, y facilita la promoción sanitaria y
prevención de enfermedades respiratorias y digestivas. Para validarlo, se realizó una serie
de entrevistas a distancia bajo la metodología del Diseño Centrado en el Humano,
apoyada por enfoques sociales y emocionales. Asimismo, se planteó una validación a
distancia con métodos etnográficos y netnográficos. La información recopilada se
organizó por medio de tablas de registro y se analizó a través de mapas de empatía y un
diagrama de afinidad. Estos brindaron parámetros de diseño y mostraron el interés local de
participar en la salud comunitaria, donde Aillu les brinda las herramientas para
involucrarse en la Atención Primaria de Salud, les permite ser protagonistas de la
promoción sanitaria e incentiva su participación activa. Por ello, se espera que el Sistema
Aillu cree un vínculo de cooperación con el centro médico que permita desarrollar la
autogestión comunitaria de su salud básica.Primary Health Care offers treatment and basic medication to the population, likewise, it promotes their health care by providing them with information on how to prevent diseases. However, its access in rural communities such as Cochabamba, in the department of Ancash, is limited and generates ineffectiveness in health promotion and disease prevention. In this context, the first aid kit represents a fundamental first aid tool, and its study guided this research with a Social, Emotional and Participatory Design approach. Its current design is oriented towards technical and functional innovations with products of similar morphology, where the organization of medicines and first aid supplies is essential. However, they are almost exclusively limited to emergency treatment and only superficially support primary care. This study proposes the design of the Aillu Community Health Kit System, which provides accessible primary care, and facilitates health promotion and prevention of respiratory and digestive diseases. To validate it, a series of distance interviews was carried out under the Human Centered Design methodology, supported by social and emotional approaches. Likewise, a remote validation with ethnographic and netnographic methods was proposed. The information collected was organized through registration tables and analyzed through empathy maps and an affinity diagram. These provided design parameters and showed local interest in participating in community health, where Aillu provides them with the tools to get involved in Primary Health Care, allows them to be protagonists of health promotion and encourages their active participation. For this reason, it is expected that the Aillu System will create a cooperative link with the medical center that will allow them to develop community self-management of their basic health.
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Amaya, Urquieta Nadezda Rosa. "Effects of access to information on farmer's market channel choice: The Case of Potato in Tiraque Sub-watershed (Cochabamba - Bolivia)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36340.
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In Bolivia, potato production and marketing is important for farmersâ livelihoods and anecdotal information shows that cell phones and women are extremely important in the potato marketing chain. Efforts to improve incomes of poor highland potato producers should recognize roles of different actors within the chain and access to market information. This study explores the effects of access to information and gender relations within the potato chain; on farmersâ market channel choice in the Tiraque Watershed (Bolivia). The analysis of qualitative information was useful to deepen the understanding of the subject and complement quantitative analysis outcomes. The main source of data comes from a survey of 400 households from the watershed. Additionally, Rapid Market Appraisal and Case Studies were used to collect qualitative data. These data was used to estimate two econometric models (Logit and MNL) to evaluate the importance of farmers and marketing characteristics on market choices. This analysis demonstrates that the determinants that affect market channel choice include marketing (time to reach the markets and the nearest paved road), production (number of plots owned by farmers) and household related variables (access to loan, cell phone ownership, location and age of the head of the household). On the other hand, some results were different than expected, that is the case of motorized transport ownership, and literacy. Another unexpected result is that even though the qualitative analysis shows that gender plays an important role in marketing activities; the econometric analysis shows that gender has no effect on farmerâ s market choices.Master of Science
LTRA-3 (Watershed-based NRM for Small-scale Agriculture)
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Crickmay, Lindsey. "Space, time and harmony : symbolic aspects of language in Andean textiles with special reference to those from Bolivar Province (Cochabamba, Bolivia)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2876.
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The thesis investigates how the designs woven in Andean textiles make up a symbolic language which both communicates information about those who wear them and demonstrates their desire to balance the opposing forces which are believed to govern their world. All textile elements share this communicative function and the thesis examines the significance of spin, colour and layout in the textile as a whole and in the individual designs. Textile terminology is drawn from fieldwork, the literature and from early Aymara and Quechua lexicons. The contemporary designs examined were personally observed in Bolivar in 1982/3 and 1986; the thesis suggests their derivation from colonial designs and discusses their possible iconographic content. Part one shows the significance of clothing as a statement of identity and describes briefly the weaving techniques and figures typical of the Bolivar area. Part two shows how cloth is seen as a vital, three-dimensional object and how in weaving as in the other plastic arts designs are encoded with abstract concepts fundamental to the traditions of a social group. Part three examines how certain colour combinations represent social, political or cosmic tensions and how their arrangement attempts to manipulate and control the energy generated by them. In particular it investigates how colour represents the circulation of suerte, or fortune, many of the names of which are also terms for colour combinations similar to those used in textiles. It also shows how specific elements such as stripes and figured designs act as metaphors through which the textile becomes a map or record of social, ritual and cosmic space.