Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cochineal scale insect

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Academic literature on the topic 'Cochineal scale insect'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 25 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Cochineal scale insect"

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Abadi, Assefa, Tsehaye Brhane, and Abrhaley Shelema. "Efficacy of Botanical Insecticides for Controlling Cochineal Scale (Dactylopius opuntiae) Insect on Cactus (Dactylcompound sopius opuntiae) Plant at Southern Tigray, Ethiopia." Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry 10, no. 4 (2024): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajraf/2024/v10i4318.

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Cochineal scale insects, scientifically known as D. opuntiae, are small insects that feed on the sap of cacti plants. These insects are notorious for their ability to rapidly reproduce and spread, causing significant damage to cactus populations. Tigray region, located in northern Ethiopia, has been particularly affected by the relentless attack of cochineal scale insects on its cacti. The aim of this study was to evaluate botanical insecticide to control cochineal scale insect of cacti plant in southern Tigray, Ethiopia. Field experiment was conducted during 2024 in off-season at Raya-azobo district. A total of five treatments; leave extract (Neem, Lantana camara and Pepper tree and liquid soap), salt+liquid soup, liquid soup, water and control (no sprayed)) were used in the field experiment. The experiment was laid out randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The mortality rate of cochineal scale insect had a significant difference at (p<0.001) among the treatments. The highest rate of mortality (free of cochineal scale insect) was calculated from the leave extract (100%) extracted from leaves. However, the increasing number of cochineal scale insect was observed from untreated (control) (+9.9%) followed by cladodes treated with water (45.29%). The current research findings provide strong evidence that botanical insecticide derived from plant leaves could be an effective solution for controlling cochineal scale insect infestations on cacti. These eco-friendly alternatives offer several advantages over synthetic pesticides in terms of reduced toxicity to non-target organisms. Beside; it should be promoted to further demonstration and popularization at farmer level in the coming off-season.
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Bustamante-Brito, Rafael, Arturo Vera-Ponce de León, Mónica Rosenblueth, Julio Martínez-Romero, and Esperanza Martínez-Romero. "Metatranscriptomic Analysis of the Bacterial Symbiont Dactylopiibacterium carminicum from the Carmine Cochineal Dactylopius coccus (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Dactylopiidae)." Life 9, no. 1 (2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life9010004.

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The scale insect Dactylopius coccus produces high amounts of carminic acid, which has historically been used as a pigment by pre-Hispanic American cultures. Nowadays carmine is found in food, cosmetics, and textiles. Metagenomic approaches revealed that Dactylopius spp. cochineals contain two Wolbachia strains, a betaproteobacterium named Candidatus Dactylopiibacterium carminicum and Spiroplasma, in addition to different fungi. We describe here a transcriptomic analysis indicating that Dactylopiibacterium is metabolically active inside the insect host, and estimate that there are over twice as many Dactylopiibacterium cells in the hemolymph than in the gut, with even fewer in the ovary. Albeit scarce, the transcripts in the ovaries support the presence of Dactylopiibacterium in this tissue and a vertical mode of transmission. In the cochineal, Dactylopiibacterium may catabolize plant polysaccharides, and be active in carbon and nitrogen provisioning through its degradative activity and by fixing nitrogen. In most insects, nitrogen-fixing bacteria are found in the gut, but in this study they are shown to occur in the hemolymph, probably delivering essential amino acids and riboflavin to the host from nitrogen substrates derived from nitrogen fixation.
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Ramírez-Cruz, A., C. Llanderal-Cázares, and R. Racotta. "Ovariole Structure of the Cochineal Scale Insect,Dactylophis coccus." Journal of Insect Science 8, no. 20 (2008): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1673/031.008.2001.

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4

El-Housa, waleed, Abdel Nabi Basheer, and Zakaria Al nasser. "Study of the Biology of the Cochineal Scale Insect, Dactylopius opuntiae." Arab Journal for Plant Protection 42, no. 2 (2024): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-001240.

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Alhousa, W., A.N. Basheer and Z. El-Naser. 2024. Study of the Biology of the Cochineal Scale Insect, Dactylopius opuntiae. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 42(2): 143-148. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-001240 Prickly pear cochineal Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) is one of the most important pests of prickly pear Opuntia ficus-indica in different regions of the world. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the biology of the insect on the Indian prickly pear plant. The work was carried out during the 2021 season, using a random design. Samples were collected from Qatana, Syria, and the biology of the insect was studied within a rearing room under controlled conditions (temperature 25±1°C, relative humidity 45±10%). The incubation period was evaluated in a cohort of 100 eggs and the life cycle was described from a cohort of 150 individuals. Individual females were used as experimental unit (n=40 females) to determine insect fecundity. The average egg laying period was 20.76±0.77 minutes, and the average period of the first nymph was 12.66±0.53 days in females, and 14.03±0.62 days in males, and the second nymph was 25.16±2.42 days for females, and 8.72±1.67 days for males. The average period for pre-pupal and pupal stage of males was 12.9±1.63 days, and the average period of one generation from egg laying until the appearance of the adult insect was 85.85±2.09 days for females, and 56.68±0.98 days for males. Average Fertility was 226.75 eggs/female, with daily egg laying average of 17.9±0.63 eggs/female. The maximum daily fertility average was 16.6±0.35 eggs, and the average hatching rate was 87.86±3.92%. Whereas, the average egg mortality rate ranged between 21.05 and 22.05% in the reptilian stage. Keywords: Biology, prickly pear, egg incubation, nymph, fertility.
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5

Kenney, Donald S. "DeVine®—The Way It Was Developed—An Industrialist's View." Weed Science 34, S1 (1986): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500068302.

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The use of biological control agents for the control of noxious pests is not new conceptual research. There are examples that predate by centuries the modern use of both herbicides and insecticides. For example, the successful control of insects by biological control was shown in 1762 by the introduction of the Mynah bird (Gracula religiosa Linnaeus) from India to Mauritius (4). In 1888, the Vedalia beetle (Rodolia cardinalis Muslant) was introduced to control the cottony-cushion scale (Icerya purchasi Maskell) of citrus (3). An example of biological control of weeds was reported in 1863 when it was observed that an infestation of prickly pear cactus (Opuntia humifusa Raf. # OPUHU) was decimated by the imported cochineal insect (Dactylopius tomentosus Lam.) (5).
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Oliveira, L. G., Rosineide S. Lopes, Venézio Felipe dos Santos, Elza Aurea Luna-Alves Lima, Elizabeth A. A. Maranhão, and Antonio F. da Costa. "Efficacy of Biocontrol Agents Beauveria bassiana and Plant Extracts on Dactylopius opuntiae Cockerell (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae)." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 1 (2019): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n1p171.

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Opuntia ficus-indica is a cactus used as fodder for animals in arid areas worldwide. However, the palm is parasitized by the carmine cochineal scale insect (Dactylopius opuntiae) causing great damage to cactus plantations in the semi-arid region of Brazil. Leaf extracts aqueous and hydro-ethanolic of neem and citronella at concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 mg/mL, and strains suspensions of Beauveria bassiana (1 × 108 conidia/mL); were applied on cladodes infested by D. opuntiae, in the laboratory. After 10 days of treatment, the percentages of mortality were obtained on the adult females. Then, the most efficient extracts were selected in the laboratory tests for control tests in palm plantation, where 100 mL of the extracts were applied in the 100 mg/mL concentration on cladodes of palms. The results show that B. bassiana strains were not pathogenic to D. opuntiae. Only the aqueous and hydro-ethanolic neem extracts were effective in controlling the cochineal. We conclude that neem extracts are effective against D. opuntiae and can be used to control carmine scale in Opuntia ficus-indica in the field.
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Tsehaye, Kidus Ebuy, and Ayimut Kiros–Meles. "Propagation of cochineal scale insect free cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) by in vitro regeneration culture technique in Tigray, Ethiopia." African Journal of Biotechnology 22, no. 7 (2023): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb2022.17529.

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8

Akroud, Hayat, Mustapha El-Bouhssini, Rachid Bouharroud, et al. "Genetic relations among Moroccan Opuntia genotypes with different degrees of resistance to Dactylopius opuntiae." Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development 24 (August 17, 2022): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.56890/jpacd.v24i.480.

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Genetic diversity and relationship among a set of 18 cactus pear genotypes, with different degrees of resistance to cochineal scale insect (Dactylopius opuntiae), was estimated using eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The genotypes used belong to four Opuntia species (O. engelmanii, O. ficus indica, O. robusta, and o. dillenii). The analysis revealed a total number of 56 alleles (Mean = 7) and an average genetic diversity index of 0.76 with genetic distances ranging from 0.00 to 1.00 at eight microsatellite loci in 18 Moroccan cactus pear genotypes. All microsatellites used were found to be highly informative, with mean polymorphic information content (PIC) estimated at 0.72. Genetic relationship estimated using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method and the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), showed that the 18 genotypes were successfully assigned to four clusters, separated according to their taxonomy distribution and their levels of resistance to D. opuntiae. The results of this study demonstrated that the Moroccan cactus pear genotypes evaluated are highly divergent and that these genotypes will be useful for future crossing programs to improve the genetic diversity in Opuntia for resistance to D. opuntiae.
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Korn, Agnes. "Arménienkarmir, sogdienkrmʾyret hébreukarmīl« rouge »". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 79, № 1 (2016): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x15000968.

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AbstractArmeniankarmir“red” has often been considered as deriving from East Iranian, thus speaking in favour of relations between Armenian and Sogdian, a Middle Iranian language spoken at considerable distance from Armenia. For the origin of Hebrewkarmīl, on the other hand, a Middle Persian “karmīr” has been suggested. In either case, the etymology would be Proto-Indo-European*ku̯ṛ́mi-“worm” (be it directly or as a borrowing from Sanskritkṛ́mi-) from which the colour term would be derived in a way parallel to Frenchvermeil“scarlet” fromver“worm”, thus a term referring to a red dye obtained from scale insects (cochineals). I argue thatkarmīris not a Middle Persian word for “red”, that Sogdian is unlikely to be the source of the Armenian and Hebrew words, and that an Indian origin is not probable either because of the specific features of the Indian scale insect dye. Conversely, Armenian scarlet was widely known and appreciated already in antiquity, so that, for historical as well as linguistic reasons, the origin of the word is likely to be an Iranian language within the region where Armenian was spoken.
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10

El Baz, O., M. Ait Ichou, H. Laarabi, and M. Rachik. "Stability analysis of a fractional model for the transmission of the cochineal." Mathematical Modeling and Computing 10, no. 2 (2023): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/mmc2023.02.379.

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Scale insects are parasitic insects that attack many indoor and outdoor plants, including cacti and succulents. These insects are among the frequent causes of diseases in cacti: for the reason that they are tough, multiply in record time and could be destructive to these plants, although they are considered resistant. Mealybugs feed on the sap of plants, drying them out and discoloring them. In this research, we propose and investigate a fractional model for the transmission of the Cochineal. In the first place, we prove the positivity and boundedness of solutions in order to ensure the well-posedness of the proposed model. The local stability of the disease-free equilibrium and the chronic infection equilibrium is established. Numerical simulations are presented in order to validate our theoretical results.
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Book chapters on the topic "Cochineal scale insect"

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"Human Uses." In The Chemistry of Plants and Insects: Plants, Bugs, and Molecules. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781782624486-00139.

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Many plant–insect interactions crucially affect human lives, like pollination of crops or insect infestations of useful plants. Some directly benefit our lives. Honey bees produce honey from floral nectars. The composition of honey is discussed. Adulteration of honey can be detected by H-NMR techniques. The chemical composition of beeswax is described and compared with fats and oils and paraffin wax from crude oil. Silk is produced by silk moths whose larvae are raised on a diet of mulberry leaves. Silk, the strongest natural fiber, consists of two main proteins: fibroin and sericin. Several secondary plant metabolites in mulberry leaves make them attractive to silk moth caterpillars. Kermes, a red dye, is derived from the kermes scale insect Kermes vermilio that feeds on kermes oaks. Cochineal is a red dye obtained from the cochineal scale insect (Dactylopius coccus) that lives on cactus pads of the genus Opuntia. Both are anthraquinone dyes. Plant compounds that repel or kill herbivorous insects have diverse chemical structures. Azadirachtin from the neem tree and pyrethrins from the pyrethrum plant are examples of strong insect repellents from plants. Pyrethroids are synthetically derived from pyrethrins. Rotenone from the roots of Derris sp. is a broad-spectrum pesticide. Nicotine is a potent and highly toxic broad-spectrum insecticide. The natural compounds inspired the development of synthetic products.
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