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Journal articles on the topic 'Cochlear microphonics potential'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Nishida, Hiroaki, Mayumi Okada, Yasuo Tanaka, and Yoshie Inoue. "Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions and Electrocochleography in a Patient with Multiple Sclerosis." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 104, no. 6 (1995): 456–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949510400608.

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A 24-year-old woman with multiple sclerosis had right-sided hearing impairment with tinnitus. She underwent electrocochleography (ECochG) and examination of evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAEs) to assess cochlear function. An acoustic probe to measure EOAEs was inserted into the external ear canal. The ECochG action potential and cochlear microphonics were recorded by a transtympanic needle electrode technique. Both fast and slow components of EOAEs appeared in either the period of deteriorated hearing acuity or when it was improved. They showed normal detection thresholds and input-output cur

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2

Bouman, Henk, John C. M. J. de Groot, Sjaak F. L. Klis, Guido F. Smoorenburg, Frits Meeuwsen, and Jan E. Veldman. "Experimental Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease: An Electrocochleographic and Histophysiologic Study." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 109, no. 5 (2000): 457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940010900504.

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Systemic immunization with swine inner ear antigens in complete Freund's adjuvant induces functional disturbances in the cochlea. Morphometric data indicate that an endolymphatic hydrops develops within 2 weeks. It diminishes 6 weeks after immunization. A progressive decrease in the compound action potential amplitude is observed from 2 to 6 weeks after immunization. Enhancement of the amplitude of the summating potential is present without a clear overall correlation to the presence of endolymphatic hydrops. The amplitude of the cochlear microphonics shows no significant changes after immuniz

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3

Yamada, Katsushi, Kimitaka Kaga, Akira Uno, Hideaki Sakata, and Toshihero Tsuzuku. "Auditory Evoked Responses under Total Spinal Anesthesia in Rats." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 106, no. 12 (1997): 1087–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949710601214.

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In order to investigate the function of the auditory pathway from the cochlea to the brain stem under total spinal anesthesia, the auditory brain stem response (ABR), compound action potential of the cochlear nerve (CAP), and cochlear microphonics (CM) were simultaneously recorded in rats. Total spinal anesthesia was induced by infusion of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride at a constant rate of 0.10 mL/min into the cerebrospinal fluid through the rats' skulls. The ABR completely disappeared within 1.5 to 4 minutes. After cessation of the injection, the ABR reappeared, starting from wave I and progres

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4

Yamamura, K., N. Yamamoto, A. Kohyama, Y. Sawada, H. Ohno, and Y. Saitoh. "Effect of intense sound exposure on cochlear microphonics and whole nerve action potential." Journal of Sound and Vibration 131, no. 2 (1989): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-460x(89)90493-8.

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5

Komune, Shizuo, and Tamotsu Morimitsu. "Dissociation of the cochlear microphonics and endocochlear potential after injection of ethacrynic acid." Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 241, no. 2 (1985): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00454348.

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6

Zidanic, M., and W. E. Brownell. "Fine structure of the intracochlear potential field. II. Tone-evoked waveforms and cochlear microphonics." Journal of Neurophysiology 67, no. 1 (1992): 108–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1992.67.1.108.

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1. Extracellular evoked potentials to low-frequency pure-tone stimuli were recorded in the second cochlear turn of the anesthetized guinea pig. Spatial variations of the field potentials were characterized by advancing and withdrawing micropipettes along radial tracks in scala tympani (ST) and scala vestibuli (SV). Compound action potentials (CAPs) and cochlear microphonics (CM) are the major components of the evoked responses to 50- to 1,600- Hz stimuli. The relative contribution of CM and CAP to the evoked potentials varies with cochlear scala and location within the scala as well as with st

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7

Skinner, Liam J., Véronique Enée, Maryline Beurg, et al. "Contribution of BK Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels to Auditory Neurotransmission in the Guinea Pig Cochlea." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 1 (2003): 320–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01155.2002.

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Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels are known to play a prominent role in the hair cell function of lower vertebrates where these channels determine electrical tuning and regulation of neurotransmitter release. Very little is known, by contrast, about the role of BK channels in the mammalian cochlea. In the current study, we perfused specific toxins in the guinea pig cochlea to characterize the role of BK channels in cochlear neurotransmission. Intracochlear perfusion of charybdotoxin (ChTX) or iberiotoxin (IbTX) reversibly reduced the compound action potential (CAP) of

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8

Kobayashi, Toshimitsu, Daniel C. Marcus, You Rong, Kenji Ohyama, Toshihiko Chiba, and Tomonori Takasaka. "Ototoxic Effect of Erythromycin on Cochlear Potentials in the Guinea Pig." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 106, no. 7 (1997): 599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949710600713.

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The mechanism of hearing loss due to the administration of intravenous erythromycin was investigated in the albino guinea pig, and it was found for the first time that this drug causes cochlear dysfunction. The endocochlear potential (EP) and the cochlear microphonics (CM) recorded at the first cochlear turn transiently decreased when erythromycin was administered intravenously at dosages of 100 and 150 mg/kg. The averaged maximum decrease in EP was 16 mV (n = 5) and 33 mV (n = 5) for 100 and 150 mg/kg, respectively. The maximum decrease in the CM was about 25% when the EP reached its lowest v

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9

HANDA, TORU. "EFFECTS OF HEAVY METAL IONS IN ENDOCOCHLEAR DC POTENTIAL AND COCHLEAR MICROPHONICS IN THE GUINEA PIG." Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 94, no. 9 (1991): 1127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3950/jibiinkoka.94.9_1127.

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10

Ruggero, M. A., and N. C. Rich. "Timing of spike initiation in cochlear afferents: dependence on site of innervation." Journal of Neurophysiology 58, no. 2 (1987): 379–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1987.58.2.379.

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1. The phase of excitation of inner hair cells (IHCs) relative to basilar membrane motion has been estimated as a function of best frequency (BF) (or, equivalently, cochlear location) by recording responses to tones (100–1,000 Hz) from chinchilla cochlear afferent axons at their central exit from the internal auditory meatus. 2. The time of IHC excitation (i.e., the time of chemical transmitter release) was derived from the neural recordings at near-threshold levels by applying a correction for the latency of synaptic processes and the propagation time of action potentials. 3. The phase of bas

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11

Kössl, M., E. Foeller, M. Drexl, et al. "Postnatal Development of Cochlear Function in the Mustached Bat, Pteronotus parnellii." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 4 (2003): 2261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00100.2003.

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Postnatal development of the mustached bat's cochlea was studied by measuring cochlear microphonic and compound action potentials. In adults, a cochlear resonance is involved in enhanced tuning to the second harmonic constant frequency component (CF2) of their echolocation calls at ∼61 kHz This resonance is present immediately after birth in bats that do not yet echolocate. Its frequency is lower (46 kHz) and the corresponding threshold minimum of cochlear microphonic potentials is broader than in adults. Long-lasting ringing of the cochlear microphonic potential after tone stimulus offset tha

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12

Campbell, Luke, Christofer Bester, Claire Iseli, et al. "Electrophysiological Evidence of the Basilar-Membrane Travelling Wave and Frequency Place Coding of Sound in Cochlear Implant Recipients." Audiology and Neurotology 22, no. 3 (2017): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000478692.

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Aim: To obtain direct evidence for the cochlear travelling wave in humans by performing electrocochleography from within the cochlea in subjects implanted with an auditory prosthesis. Background: Sound induces a travelling wave that propagates along the basilar membrane, exhibiting cochleotopic tuning with a frequency-dependent phase delay. To date, evoked potentials and psychophysical experiments have supported the presence of the travelling wave in humans, but direct measurements have not been made. Methods: Electrical potentials in response to rarefaction and condensation acoustic tone burs

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13

El Afia, Fahd, Fabrice Giraudet, Laurent Gilain, Thierry Mom, and Paul Avan. "Resistance of Gerbil Auditory Function to Reversible Decrease in Cochlear Blood Flow." Audiology and Neurotology 22, no. 2 (2017): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000478650.

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The objective was to design in gerbils a model of reversible decrease in cochlear blood flow (CBF) and analyze its influence on cochlear function. In Mongolian gerbils injected with ferromagnetic microbeads, a magnet placed near the porus acusticus allowed CBF to be manipulated. The cochlear microphonic potential (CM) from the basal cochlea was monitored by a round-window electrode. In 13 of the 20 successfully injected gerbils, stable CBF reduction was obtained for 11.5 min on average. The CM was affected only when CBF fell to less than 60% of its baseline, yet remained >40% of its initial

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14

Fu, Mingyu, Mengzi Chen, Xiao Yan, Xueying Yang, Jinfang Xiao, and Jie Tang. "The Effects of Urethane on Rat Outer Hair Cells." Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3512098.

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The cochlea converts sound vibration into electrical impulses and amplifies the low-level sound signal. Urethane, a widely used anesthetic in animal research, has been shown to reduce the neural responses to auditory stimuli. However, the effects of urethane on cochlea, especially on the function of outer hair cells, remain largely unknown. In the present study, we compared the cochlear microphonic responses between awake and urethane-anesthetized rats. The results revealed that the amplitude of the cochlear microphonic was decreased by urethane, resulting in an increase in the threshold at al

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15

Sugisawa, T., R. Nemoto, N. Inada, K. Yamamura, and A. Ishida. "Effect of 4 kHz Tone Exposure on the Guinea Pig Inner Ear: Relation in the Change of Cochlear Microphonics, Action Potential, Electrochemical Potential and K⁺ Ion Concentration Induced by Noise Exposure." ORL 56, no. 5 (1994): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000276670.

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16

Meenderink, Sebastiaan W. F., and Marcel van der Heijden. "Reverse Cochlear Propagation in the Intact Cochlea of the Gerbil: Evidence for Slow Traveling Waves." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 3 (2010): 1448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00899.2009.

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The inner ear can produce sounds, but how these otoacoustic emissions back-propagate through the cochlea is currently debated. Two opposing views exist: fast pressure waves in the cochlear fluids and slow traveling waves involving the basilar membrane. Resolving this issue requires measuring the travel times of emissions from their cochlear origin to the ear canal. This is problematic because the exact intracochlear location of emission generation is unknown and because the cochlea is vulnerable to invasive measurements. We employed a multi-tone stimulus optimized to measure reverse travel tim

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17

Zheng, Jiefu, Chunfu Dai, Peter S. Steyger, et al. "Vanilloid Receptors in Hearing: Altered Cochlear Sensitivity by Vanilloids and Expression of TRPV1 in the Organ of Corti." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 1 (2003): 444–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00919.2002.

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Capsaicin, the vanilloid that selectively activates vanilloid receptors (VRs) on sensory neurons for noxious perception, has been reported to increase cochlear blood flow (CBF). VR-related receptors have also been found in the inner ear. This study aims to address the question as to whether VRs exist in the organ of Corti and play a role in cochlear physiology. Capsaicin or the more potent VR agonist, resiniferatoxin (RTX), was infused into the scala tympani of guinea pig cochlea, and their effects on cochlear sensitivity were investigated. Capsaicin (20 μM) elevated the threshold of auditory

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18

Seidman, Michael D., Bhagylakshmi G. Shivapuja, and Wayne S. Quirk. "The Protective Effects of Allopurinol and Superoxide Dismutase on Noise-Induced Cochlear Damage." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 109, no. 6 (1993): 1052–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989310900613.

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Several studies have demonstrated that noise exposure may result in local vasoconstriction of cochlear vessels. The subsequent decrease in cochlear blood flow may lead to hypoxia and predispose to the formation of free oxygen radicals (FORs). If hypoxia occurs in response to noise exposure, then drugs that scavenge or block the formation of FORs should protect the cochlea from damage resulting from hypoxic or ischemic events as well as noise trauma. Rats were exposed to 60 hours of continuous broad-band noise (90 dB SPL) and treated with superoxide dismutase — Polyethylene glycol (SOD-PEG), al

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19

Bonfils, Pierre, Marie-Claude Remond, and Rèmy Pujol. "Variations of cochlear microphonic potential after sectioning efferent fibers to the cochlea." Hearing Research 30, no. 2-3 (1987): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5955(87)90142-0.

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20

Fridberger, Anders, Jiefu Zheng, Anand Parthasarathi, Tianying Ren, and Alfred Nuttall. "Loud Sound-Induced Changes in Cochlear Mechanics." Journal of Neurophysiology 88, no. 5 (2002): 2341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00192.2002.

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To investigate the inner ear response to intense sound and the mechanisms behind temporary threshold shifts, anesthetized guinea pigs were exposed to tones at 100–112 dB SPL. Basilar membrane vibration was measured using laser velocimetry, and the cochlear microphonic potential, compound action potential of the auditory nerve, and local electric AC potentials in the organ of Corti were used as additional indicators of cochlear function. After exposure to a 12-kHz intense tone, basilar membrane vibrations in response to probe tones at the characteristic frequency of the recording location (17 k

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21

Carricondo, Francisco, Julio Sanjuán-Juaristi, Pablo Gil-Loyzaga, and Joaquín Poch-Broto. "Cochlear Microphonic Potentials: A New Recording Technique." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 110, no. 6 (2001): 565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940111000612.

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22

Groff, J. Alan, and M. Charles Liberman. "Modulation of Cochlear Afferent Response by the Lateral Olivocochlear System: Activation Via Electrical Stimulation of the Inferior Colliculus." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 5 (2003): 3178–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00537.2003.

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The olivocochlear (OC) efferent innervation of the mammalian inner ear consists of two subdivisions, medial (MOC) and lateral (LOC), with different peripheral terminations on outer hair cells and cochlear afferent terminals, respectively. The cochlear effects of electrically activating MOC efferents are well known, i.e., response suppression effected by reducing outer hair cells' contribution to cochlear amplification. LOC peripheral effects are unknown, because their unmyelinated axons are difficult to electrically stimulate. Here, stimulating electrodes are placed in the inferior colliculus

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23

Lataye, Robert, Katy Maguin, and Pierre Campo. "Increase in cochlear microphonic potential after toluene administration." Hearing Research 230, no. 1-2 (2007): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2007.04.002.

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24

Noguchi, Yoshihiro, Atsushi Komatsuzaki, and Hiroaki Nishida. "Cochlear Microphonic Potentials in Patients with Vestibular Schwannomas." ORL 60, no. 5 (1998): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000027611.

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25

Soares, Ilka do Amaral, Pedro de Lemos Menezes, Aline Tenório Lins Carnaúba, Kelly Cristina Lira de Andrade, and Otávio Gomes Lins. "Study of cochlear microphonic potentials in auditory neuropathy." Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 82, no. 6 (2016): 722–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.11.022.

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26

NISHIDA, HIROAKI, ATSUNOBU TSUNODA, YOSHIHIRO NOGUCHI, ATSUSHI KOMATSUZAKI, KAZUNORI YOKOYAMA, and YUKINORI OGAWA. "COCHLEAR MICROPHONIC POTENTIAL (CM) RECORDABLE AT NON-SHIELDED BEDSIDE." Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 98, no. 5 (1995): 825–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3950/jibiinkoka.98.825.

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27

Sanjuán Juaristi, Julio. "A procedure to Obtain the Recruitment Using Cochlear Microphonic Potentials." Acta Otorrinolaringologica (English Edition) 59, no. 3 (2008): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2173-5735(08)70203-5.

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28

Marangos, N. "Hearing loss in multiple sclerosis: localization of the auditory pathway lesion according to electrocochleographic findings." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 110, no. 3 (1996): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221510013333x.

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AbstractMultiple sclerosis is known to affect the myelin of the auditory pathway resulting in acute hearing loss. Two cases of sudden deafness due to multiple sclerosis have been evaluated by conventional audiometry, brainstem auditory evoked response audiometry and transtympanic electrocochleography. The abnormalities of the compound action potential in both patients (enhanced latency, abnormal adaptation using fast stimulus rate) and the normal receptor potentials (cochlear microphonic, summating potential), as well as the absence of brainstem responses suggest a disturbance of synchronizati

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29

Butinar, Dušan, Arnold Starr, and Jagoda Vatovec. "Brainstem auditory evoked potentials and cochlear microphonics in the HMSN family with auditory neuropathy." Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology 439, S1 (2000): r204—r205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240000146.

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30

Butinar, Dušan, Arnold Starr, and Jagoda Vatovec. "Brainstem auditory evoked potentials and cochlear microphonics in the HMSN family with auditory neuropathy." Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology 439, no. 7 (2000): R204—R205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03376572.

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31

Kim, Young S., Timothy A. Jones, Mark E. Chertoff, and William C. Nunnally. "Columella footplate motion and the cochlear microphonic potential in the embryo and hatchling chicken." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 120, no. 6 (2006): 3811–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2359236.

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32

Woolf, N. K., A. F. Ryan, and J. P. Harris. "Development of mammalian endocochlear potential: normal ontogeny and effects of anoxia." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 250, no. 3 (1986): R493—R498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1986.250.3.r493.

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The development of the positive endocochlear potential (EP), the negative anoxic EP, and the organ of Corti potential were measured at various postnatal ages in the Mongolian gerbil, beginning at 8 days after birth (DAB). The organ of Corti potential (OCP) was present at 8 DAB but averaged 21% less than the adult value. OCP increased regularly with age, reaching adult values of -90 mV by 14 DAB. The positive EP was first observed at 10 DAB, at which age it averaged only 2-3 mV. This potential increased monotonically between 10 and 20 DAB, by which time it had reached the adult value of 75 mV.

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33

Edoardo Arslan, Rosamaria Santarell. "Compound Action Potential and Cochlear Microphonic Extracted from Electrocochleographic Responses to Condensation or Rarefaction Clicks." Acta Oto-Laryngologica 120, no. 2 (2000): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/000164800750000892.

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34

Fechter, Laurence D., and Ye Liu. "Trimethyltin disrupts N1 sensitivity, but has limited effects on the summating potential and cochlear microphonic." Hearing Research 78, no. 2 (1994): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5955(94)90025-6.

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35

Jones, Heath G., Kanthaiah Koka, and Daniel J. Tollin. "Postnatal development of cochlear microphonic and compound action potentials in a precocious species, Chinchilla lanigera." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 130, no. 1 (2011): EL38—EL43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3601881.

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36

He, Wenxuan, Edward Porsov, David Kemp, Alfred L. Nuttall, and Tianying Ren. "The Group Delay and Suppression Pattern of the Cochlear Microphonic Potential Recorded at the Round Window." PLoS ONE 7, no. 3 (2012): e34356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034356.

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37

Starr, A., Y. Sininger, T. Nguyen, H. J. Michalewski, S. Oba, and C. Abdala. "Cochlear Receptor (Microphonic and Summating Potentials, Otoacoustic Emissions) and Auditory Pathway (Auditory Brain Stem Potentials) Activity in Auditory Neuropathy." Ear and Hearing 22, no. 2 (2001): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003446-200104000-00002.

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38

Hunter, Lisa L., Chelsea M. Blankenship, Rebekah G. Gunter, et al. "Cochlear Microphonic and Summating Potential Responses from Click-Evoked Auditory Brain Stem Responses in High-Risk and Normal Infants." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 29, no. 05 (2018): 427–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.17085.

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AbstractExamination of cochlear and neural potentials is necessary to assess sensory and neural status in infants, especially those cared for in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) who have high rates of hyperbilirubinemia and thus are at risk for auditory neuropathy (AN).The purpose of this study was to determine whether recording parameters commonly used in click-evoked auditory brain stem response (ABR) are useful for recording cochlear microphonic (CM) and Wave I in infants at risk for AN. Specifically, we analyzed CM, summating potential (SP), and Waves I, III, and V. The overall aim was

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Minoda, Ryosei, Takafumi Toriya, Keisuke Masuyama, and Eiji Yumoto. "The effects of histamine and its antagonists on the cochlear microphonic and the compound action potential of the guinea pig." Auris Nasus Larynx 28, no. 3 (2001): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0385-8146(01)00051-7.

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40

Sente, Marko. "The history of audiology." Medical review 57, no. 11-12 (2004): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0412611s.

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Introduction The paper presents historical data on development of audiology as a medical specialty. It gives the chronological overview of the most significant discoveries which have contributed to the progress and constant development of the science of hearing. The insights and discoveries encompass the ancient, medieval and contemporary medical science. The term "audiology" and first associations of audiologists The paper reviews the origin of the term ?audiology? and the time of its occurrence. The First World Congress of Audiologists was held in 1948, and the Conference of Audiologists and

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41

Freeman, S., S. Zaaroura, and H. Sohmer. "Concomitant changes in the acoustic impedance and the cochlear microphonic potentials during twitch contractions of the middle ear muscles in cats." Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 245, no. 5 (1988): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00464639.

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42

Jamos, Abdullah M., Blair Hosier, Shelby Davis, and Thomas C. Franklin. "The Role of the Medial Olivocochlear Reflex in Acceptable Noise Level in Adults." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 32, no. 03 (2021): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1718705.

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Abstract Background The acceptable noise level (ANL) is a measurement used to quantify how much noise a person is willing to accept while listening to speech. ANL has been used to predict success with hearing aid use. However, physiological correlates of the ANL are poorly understood. One potential physiological correlate is the medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR), which decreases the output of the cochlea and is thereby expected to increase noise tolerance. Purpose This study investigates the relationship between contralateral activation of the MOCR and tolerance of background noise. Research

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43

He, David Z. Z., and Peter Dallos. "Development of Acetylcholine-Induced Responses in Neonatal Gerbil Outer Hair Cells." Journal of Neurophysiology 81, no. 3 (1999): 1162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.81.3.1162.

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Development of acetylcholine-induced responses in neonatal gerbil outer hair cells. Cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) are dominantly innervated by efferents, with acetylcholine (ACh) being their principal neurotransmitter. ACh activation of the cholinergic receptors on isolated OHCs induces calcium influx through the ionotropic receptors, followed by a large outward K+ current through nearby Ca2+-activated K+ channels. The outward K+ current hyperpolarizes the cell, resulting in the fast inhibitory effects of efferent action. Although the ACh receptors (AChRs) in adult OHCs have been identified

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44

Ruggero, Mario A., Luis Robles, and Nola C. Rich. "Cochlear microphonics and the initiation of spikes in the auditory nerve: Correlation of single‐unit data with neural and receptor potentials recorded from the round window." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 79, no. 5 (1986): 1491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.393763.

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45

Kawasaki, M., D. Margoliash, and N. Suga. "Delay-tuned combination-sensitive neurons in the auditory cortex of the vocalizing mustached bat." Journal of Neurophysiology 59, no. 2 (1988): 623–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1988.59.2.623.

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1. FM-FM neurons in the auditory cortex of the mustached bat are sensitive to a pair of frequency-modulated (FM) sounds that simulates an FM component of the orientation sound and an FM component of the echo. These neurons are tuned to particular delays between the two FM components, suggesting an encoding of target range information. The response properties of these FM-FM neurons, however, have previously been studied only with synthesized orientation sounds and echoes delivered from a loud-speaker as substitutes for the bat's own orientation sounds and corresponding echoes. In this study, th

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Chen, Jin, Yan Zhu, Chun Liang, Jing Chen, and Hong-Bo Zhao. "Pannexin1 channels dominate ATP release in the cochlea ensuring endocochlear potential and auditory receptor potential generation and hearing." Scientific Reports 5, no. 1 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep10762.

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Abstract Pannexin1 (Panx1) is a gap junction gene in vertebrates whose proteins mainly function as non-junctional channels on the cell surface. Panx1 channels can release ATP under physiological conditions and play critical roles in many physiological and pathological processes. Here, we report that Panx1 deficiency can reduce ATP release and endocochlear potential (EP) generation in the cochlea inducing hearing loss. Panx1 extensively expresses in the cochlea, including the cochlear lateral wall. We found that deletion of Panx1 in the cochlear lateral wall almost abolished ATP release under p

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Lukashkina, Victoria A., Snezana Levic, Andrei N. Lukashkin, Nicola Strenzke, and Ian J. Russell. "A connexin30 mutation rescues hearing and reveals roles for gap junctions in cochlear amplification and micromechanics." Nature Communications 8, no. 1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14530.

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Abstract Accelerated age-related hearing loss disrupts high-frequency hearing in inbred CD-1 mice. The p.Ala88Val (A88V) mutation in the gene coding for the gap-junction protein connexin30 (Cx30) protects the cochlear basal turn of adult CD-1Cx30 A88V/A88V mice from degeneration and rescues hearing. Here we report that the passive compliance of the cochlear partition and active frequency tuning of the basilar membrane are enhanced in the cochleae of CD-1Cx30 A88V/A88V compared to CBA/J mice with sensitive high-frequency hearing, suggesting that gap junctions contribute to passive cochlear mech

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Curthoys, Ian S., John Wally Grant, Christopher J. Pastras, Laura Fröhlich, and Daniel J. Brown. "Similarities and Differences Between Vestibular and Cochlear Systems – A Review of Clinical and Physiological Evidence." Frontiers in Neuroscience 15 (August 12, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.695179.

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The evoked response to repeated brief stimuli, such as clicks or short tone bursts, is used for clinical evaluation of the function of both the auditory and vestibular systems. One auditory response is a neural potential — the Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) — recorded by surface electrodes on the head. The clinical analogue for testing the otolithic response to abrupt sounds and vibration is the myogenic potential recorded from tensed muscles — the vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP). VEMPs have provided clinicians with a long sought-after tool — a simple, clinically realistic indic

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Li, Yi, Huizhan Liu, Xiaochang Zhao, and David Z. He. "Endolymphatic Potential Measured From Developing and Adult Mouse Inner Ear." Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 14 (December 7, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2020.584928.

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The mammalian inner ear has two major parts, the cochlea is responsible for hearing and the vestibular organ is responsible for balance. The cochlea and vestibular organs are connected by a series of canals in the temporal bone and two distinct extracellular fluids, endolymph and perilymph, fill different compartments of the inner ear. Stereocilia of mechanosensitive hair cells in the cochlea and vestibular end organs are bathed in the endolymph, which contains high K+ ions and possesses a positive potential termed endolymphatic potential (ELP). Compartmentalization of the fluids provides an e

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Sugisawa, T., A. Ishida, S. Hotta, and K. Yamamura. "The effect of 6 kHz tone exposure on inner ear function of the guinea pig: relation to changes in cochlear microphonics, action potential, endocochlear potential and chemical potentials of K+-ions and Na+-ions, using a double-barrel glass electrode." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 251, no. 3 (1994). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00181827.

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