Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cockle response to heavy metal

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'Cockle response to heavy metal'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cockle response to heavy metal"

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Nguyen, Tuan Anh, Tan Phat Le, and Thanh Khoa Phung. "Removal of Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Acid-Activated Cockle Shell Powder." Materials Science Forum 987 (April 2020): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.987.129.

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In Vietnam, heavy metal removal from aqueous solution has been the subject of great attention in the last few years. There are several methods have been developed to reduce heavy metal pollution problems and adsorption technique has been widely used due to the versatility and effectiveness. Cockles are marine bivalve mollusks, whose shell are discharged as wastes by many marine product manufacturers and restaurants. Cockle shell can be economically used as adsorbent for the wastewater treatment. In this study, acid-activated cockle shell was used as an adsorbent material for divalent cadmium ion removal from waste water. The experiments in this work used batch mode adsorption. Experiments were designed by response surface methodology (RSM) and a quadratic model was used to predict the removal efficiency of cadmium. The input to the model was varied as initial cadmium ion concentration from 600 to 1000 mg/L, contact time from 30 to 90 minutes, adsorbent dosage from 0.5 g/L to 1.5 g/L. Analysis of variance was incorporated to judge the adequacy of the models. The predictions of the model were in good agreement with experimental results and the optimal condition is then estimated from the model. Other properties of obtained materials were also investigated using XRD, BET, TGA, SEM analysis methods. The results show that the simple acid-activated cockle shell can be used as a low cost and effective adsorbent for cadmium ion removal.
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Islam, Mohammad Nazrul, Golam Taki, Xuan Phuc Nguyen, Young-Tae Jo, Jun Kim, and Jeong-Hun Park. "Heavy metal stabilization in contaminated soil by treatment with calcined cockle shell." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, no. 8 (January 17, 2017): 7177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8330-5.

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Sudarmawan, Wisnu Satriyo, Jusup Suprijanto, and Ita Riniatsih. "Abu Cangkang Kerang Anadara granosa, Linnaeus 1758 (Bivalvia: Arcidae) sebagai Adsorben Logam Berat dalam Air Laut." Journal of Marine Research 9, no. 3 (July 16, 2020): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v9i3.26539.

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Kerang Darah merupakan komoditi ekonomis yang tersebar di seluruh wilayah perairan Indonesia, salah satunya adalah Perairan Demak. Adanya permintaan yang tinggi pada daerah demak dari hasil survey DKP Kabupaten Demak pada tahun 2018 dapat menimbulkan terjadinya limbah cangkang yang cukup banyak. Melalui pendekatan teknologi yang tepat, limbah cangkang kerang tersebut dapat diolah menjadi abu cangkang. Berdasarkan komposisi senyawa kimia abu cangkang mengandung CaO cukup tinggi sehingga abu cangkang berpotensi untuk menjerap logam berat. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah abu cangkang hasil olahan dari limbah cangkang sisa produksi kerang darah. Metode eksperimental laboratoris dilakukandalam penelitian yaitu dengan mengontakkan secara langsung logam dan abu cangkang kerang dara (Anadara granosa) dengan pengaruh variasi jenis logam berat dengan analisis spektroskopi serapan atom (SSA). Penyerapan yang optimal terjadi pada logam berat Mangan (Mn) konsentrasi awal 0,103 mg/L menjadi <0,001 dan kontak waktu 24 jam daya serap sebesar 100%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada abu cangkang cukup baik dalam penyerapan logam berat Besi (Fe), Mangan (Mn), Seng (Zn) di air laut perairan Morosari Demak karena dalam proses menghilangkan logam berat dengan struktur CaO disebut pertukaran ion dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor jenis adsorben yang digunakan, luas permukaan adsorben, dan konsentrasi zat yang di penjerapan. Blood cockle are economic commodities that are spread throughout the territorial waters of Indonesia, one of which is the Demak waters. The high demand in the Demak area from the results of DKP survey in 2018 can causing a lot of cockle shell waste. Through the right technological approach, the waste is processed into blood cockle shell ash. Based on the chemical composition of shell ash containing CaO in the shell is high enough so the ash has potential to absorb heavy metals. The material used is the blood cockle shell ash that processed from waste shell from the production of blood cockle. The experimental laboratory method was carried out in this research, by directly contacting metal and blood cockle shell ash (Anadara granosa) with the influence of variations in heavy metal types by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) analysis. Optimal absorption occurs in the heavy metal Manganese (Mn) initial concentration of 0.103 mg / L to <0.001 and 24-hour contact time absorption of 100%. It can be concluded that the shell of the product itself has not been efficient in carrying out all the absorption of heavy metals in the sea water samples of Morosari Demak waters because in the process of removing heavy metals with CaO structures is influenced by the type of adsorbent used, the surface area of the adsorbent, and the concentration of in absorption.
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Kivnick, Helen Q. "Response: Heavy metal kids arekids." Child & Youth Care Forum 21, no. 1 (February 1992): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00757345.

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Batley, GE. "Heavy metal speciation in waters, sediments and biota from Lake Macquarie, New South Wales." Marine and Freshwater Research 38, no. 5 (1987): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9870591.

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The distribution and bioavailability of heavy metals in waters and sediments from Lake Macquarie (N.S.W.) have been examined. Elevated concentrations of zinc, lead, cadmium and copper detected in surface sediments and waters from the northern end of the lake are attributable to discharges from a lead-zinc smelter on Cockle Creek. The majority of the metals are in bioavailable forms and are shown to be accumulated in seagrasses, seaweeds and bivalves. Calculations indicate that, at the current rates of discharge, the concentrations of bioavailable metals in newly-deposited sediments should not be deleterious. Elutriate tests showed that there will be no significant mobilization of metals during dredging operations to remove the contaminated sediments.
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Hinojosa, M. Belén, José A. Carreira, Roberto García-Ruíz, and Richard P. Dick. "Microbial Response to Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils." Journal of Environmental Quality 34, no. 5 (September 2005): 1789–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.0470.

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Yen, James L., Ning-Yuan Su, and Peter Kaiser. "The Yeast Ubiquitin Ligase SCFMet30Regulates Heavy Metal Response." Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, no. 4 (April 2005): 1872–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-12-1130.

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Cells have developed a variety of mechanisms to respond to heavy metal exposure. Here, we show that the yeast ubiquitin ligase SCFMet30plays a central role in the response to two of the most toxic environmental heavy metal contaminants, namely, cadmium and arsenic. SCFMet30inactivates the transcription factor Met4 by proteolysis-independent polyubiquitination. Exposure of yeast cells to heavy metals led to activation of Met4 as indicated by a complete loss of ubiquitinated Met4 species. The association of Met30 with Skp1 but not with its substrate Met4 was inhibited in cells treated with cadmium. Cadmium-activated Met4 induced glutathione biosynthesis as well as genes involved in sulfuramino acid synthesis. Met4 activation was important for the cellular response to cadmium because mutations in various components of the Met4-transcription complex were hypersensitive to cadmium. In addition, cell cycle analyses revealed that cadmium induced a delay in the transition from G1to S phase of the cell cycle and slow progression through S phase. Both cadmium and arsenic induced phosphorylation of the cell cycle checkpoint protein Rad53. Genetic analyses demonstrated a complex effect of cadmium on cell cycle regulation that might be important to safeguard cellular and genetic integrity when cells are exposed to heavy metals.
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Murata, Mie, Pengfei Gong, Kaoru Suzuki, and Shinji Koizumi. "Differential metal response and regulation of human heavy metal-inducible genes." Journal of Cellular Physiology 180, no. 1 (July 1999): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4652(199907)180:1<105::aid-jcp12>3.0.co;2-5.

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SAVARI, A., A. P. M. LOCKWOOD, and M. SHEADER. "EFFECTS OF SEASON AND SIZE (AGE) ON HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS OF THE COMMON COCKLE (CERASTODERMA EDULE (L.)) FROM SOUTHAMPTON WATER." Journal of Molluscan Studies 57, no. 1 (1991): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/57.1.45.

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DING, Yan-Fei, Cheng ZHU, Shan-Shan WANG, and Hai-Li LIU. "Regulation of Heavy Metal Stress Response by Plant microRNAs*." PROGRESS IN BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS 38, no. 12 (January 3, 2012): 1106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1206.2011.00354.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cockle response to heavy metal"

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Naylor, G. P. L. "The responses of cockles to heavy metal pollution and their use in the study of metal to metal uptake interactions." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383153.

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The effects of the four metals, copper, zinc, cadmium and manganese on the common cockle, Cerastoderma edule L., were investigated. With regard to both the inhibition of filtering rate and mortality of cockles, copper was the most toxic metal, followed by zinc then cadmium. Manganese was the least toxic and appeared to have no adverse effect on the animals. The accumulation of the metals by the cockles from a range of added concentrations was studied by analysing their soft tissues using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Copper, zinc and cadmium were all accumulated markedly, but the relationships between accumulation, added metal concentration and duration of exposure were complex. Manganese accumulation was almost undetectable. A major aim of the study was to investigate the effect of one metal on the accumulation of another. The inherent variability in these stable metal experiments made this very difficult. A technique was devised where the uptake of radioisotopes of the metals by excised and isolated cockle gills was measured. This reduced variability and was used in all further investigations. Unlike the uptake of zinc, cadmium and manganese, where uptake was proportionately less at higher added concentrations, the uptake of copper by the gills was proportionately greater at higher added levels. Uptake of manganese was much lower than that of the other metals. Experiments were performed where the amount of metal that was surface-bound to the gills and that which was internally bound was determined. With all the metals tested, the proportion of metal taken up that was bound internally increased with time. These findings are discussed in terms of the involvement of metal-binding ligands and the responses of whole animals to the metals. The excised gill method was used to examine interactions between the metals and it was found that zinc and copper generally reduced the uptake of cadmium and manganese. The latter two metals also inhibited each other's uptake. Severity of metal to metal interactions increased with time, emphasising their intracellular nature. The results are discussed with reference to the importance of metal interactions in polluted field situations and the desirability of setting flexible emission standards. These results, along with those from experiments on metal loss from gills and those from further experiments on interactions were used to produce a simplified model of metal uptake. It is proposed that at least two types of intracellular metal-binding ligands are involved, which have different affinities for the metals. Such ligands may be part of a metal detoxification mechanism on which metal resistance depends. The final part of the study involved comparing the responses to metals of cockles from two localities. It was shown that animals from the more polluted site displayed some tolerance of copper and zinc.
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Koduru, Rupa. "Study of Cellular Activities in Response to Metal-Induced Apoptosis in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae using FTIR." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_theses/30.

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibits an apoptotic response upon exposure to toxic metals such as cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu). Preliminary findings indicate that this response is dependent –to some extent- on the presence of a fermentable carbon source, glucose. To investigate this dependency we monitored the apoptotic response to both metals in the presence and absence of glucose and have shown that glucose is absolutely necessary in order to induce apoptosis in yeast at least during the exposure to metal. We have also looked at the biochemical changes that are taking place in yeast when treated with Cd using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy. Our results suggest that there are definitive changes in cellular activities that are discernable at 1660-1640cm-1 (amide I), 1540-1510cm-1 (amide II) and 1140-1080cm-1(DNA absorption bands).
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Roode, Enrico Carlo. "The effect of exogenous DIM on Brassica napus and its role in response to heavy metal stress." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6242.

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Magister Scientiae - MSc (Biotechnology)
Brassica napus is a plant that is used for human and animal consumption. This plant is also used for phytoremediation due to its relatively higher level of heavy metal tolerance. In South Africa, mining is one of the main drivers of the economy. One of the major negative environmental impacts of mining is heavy metal contamination. Soil metal content can rise to levels that are quite high and can even have a negative impact on the yields of B. napus crop. The glucosinolate-myrosinase system of B. napus is a system that is used as defence against biotic stressors. Indole glucosinolate breakdown products have been proven to enhance the antioxidant capacity of plants. Some have also shown growth promoting properties in plants. We studied the effect of exogenous DIM on B. napus and it role in Zr induced heavy metal stress. Germination percentages revealed that DIM increased germination, Zr application decreased germination and the DIMZr treatment reversed the negative impact of Zr application on B. napus. The effect of treatments on the biomass of B. napus was assessed by determining the dry weights. Results show that exogenous DIM improves biomass. Zr application decreased biomass and DIM-Zr treatment ameliorated the effect of Zr application.
2020-08-31
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Untersteiner, Hubert. "Aquatic invertebrates as indicators to pollution-induced stress validation of the locomotory behaviour of freshwater and marine crustaceans as response to sublethal heavy metal stress." Saarbrücken Suedwestdeutscher Verlag fuer Hochschulschriften, 2009. http://www.svh-verlag.de.

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Boehnert, Sandy [Verfasser], Dierk [Akademischer Betreuer] Hebbeln, Dierk [Gutachter] Hebbeln, and Martin [Gutachter] Frank. "Historical Development of Heavy Metal Input into Near-Coastal Areas : Reconstruction, Assessment & Ecological Response / Sandy Boehnert ; Gutachter: Dierk Hebbeln, Martin Frank ; Betreuer: Dierk Hebbeln." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1194156800/34.

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GUNN, SHAYLA. "Induction of Stress Response, Cell Wall Damage, and Cell Death in Determination of Silver Nanoparticle Toxicity Threshold of the Heavy-metal Accumulating Fern Azolla caroliniana." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2333.

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The field of nanoecotoxicology has been pioneered in recent years as concern grows in response to the potential environmental hazards of engineered nanoparticle release. Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) release through induction into commercial products as an antimicrobiont is of particular interest. Plausible routes of AgNPs to reach aquatic systems and their biological impacts have been investigated, but none have addressed the potential remediation of these waters using the heavy metal accumulating fern Azolla caroliniana. This study employed biological staining techniques and fluorescence microscopy to identify oxidative stress, wounding responses of cell wall and membrane, and cell death of A. caroliniana roots to assess the capability of this plant to withstand AgNP exposure. Two concentrations series were applied, 0-1.0ppm and 0-10.0ppm for 1, 3, 5 days after transfer (DAT), 0ppm being a control. Oxidative stress, measured in production of non-specific ROS, increased in a dose-dependent manner with increasing AgNP concentration. Callose (1,3-β-glucan) was deposited in response to potential cell wall damage and was also observed to be elevated in a dose-dependent manner. Cell vitality appeared from a general decline in fluorescence of nucleic content to visual nuclei lysis. Statistically significant and severe responses to AgNPs was observed at 1 DAT but recovery could be seen at 3~5 DAT. In sum, these data suggest a toxicity threshold of 1.0ppm at which A. caroliniana roots can mediate exposure.
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Moffo, Nathan. "Differential Analysis of Unique Genes Expressed in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Strain OR02 in Response to Selenite." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu15663177454459.

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Tsednee, Munkhtsetseg, and 紀孟希. "Functional studies of root-secreted metabolites in response to heavy metal stress." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36813245322076128184.

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博士
國立中興大學
生物科技學研究所
101
Abstract Abundances of mineral nutrients and toxic heavy metals in rhizosphere cause metal stress in plants and further defect the plant growth and development. To maintain a proper metal homeostasis, higher plants utilize various mechanisms, which involve the metal uptake, distribution and compartmentalization. However, current understandings of plant primary regulations on the bioavailability of metal nutrients through root-secreted metabolites are limited. In current dissertation, we aimed to investigate the functional root released compounds from plants with use of barley and Zn/Cd hyperaccumulating plant Arabidopsis halleri in response to low iron (Fe) nutrition and excess zinc (Zn) stress. For a need of analytical method to analyse the secreted metabolites from plant roots, we first developed a simple and highly sensitive method using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight- mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). The developed method further allows us to identify novel phytosiderophores (PSs), avenic acid and hydroxyavenic acid, in barley in addition to previously known PSs. With this advantage of direct metal speciation analysis in the samples, we further studied the possible functions of different PSs for Fe acquisitions and translocations in barley under low Fe nutrition. Our further studies on root-secreted metabolites from A. halleri shows a potential role of the secreted metal chelating compound, nicotianamine (NA), for Zn hypertolerance through regulating the excess availability of Zn in rhizosphere by forming unavailable NA-Zn (II) complex. This rhizospheric regulation by secreted NA could further facilitate Fe availability in A. halleri under excess Zn conditions. In addition, root-secreted metabolite profiling data have also revealed the secretion of unknown compounds from A. halleri in response to low Fe nutrition. Together, we provide insights into plant adaptation to soil environments through plant-rhizospheric interactions using root-secreted metabolites.
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Sandborgh, Sean C. "Transcriptional and physiological response of Nitrosomonas europaea to inhibition by chlorinated aromatics and heavy metals." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/20676.

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This research investigates the physiological and transcriptional responses of Nitrosomonas europaea when exposed to chlorinated aromatic compounds and heavy metals under varying environmental conditions. It was found that transcriptional responses of identified sentinel genes correlate well with nitrification inhibition. Sorption of metals to biomass was also investigated and found not to correlate well with N. europaea inhibition. Whole genome microarray experiments were performed to define the transcriptional response of N. europaea when exposed to chlorobenzene. 13 out of 2460 N. europaea genes were significantly up-regulated after a 1-hour exposure to 4 μM chlorobenzene. HPLC analysis revealed that chlorobenzene was being oxidized primarily into 4-chlorophenol, and further physiological studies revealed that the presence of 4-chlorophenol could account for the inhibitory responses observed. RT-qPCR analysis of several differentially regulated genes verified that similar transcriptional responses were occurring for both chlorobenzene and 4-chlorophenol. 50% inhibitory concentrations of chlorobenzene and 4-chlorophenol resulted in moderate up-regulation of studied genes, however, increasing the concentration of 4-chlorophenol to achieve nitrification inhibition of 93% or more dramatically increased the fold regulation of several of the identified up- and down- regulated genes of interest. Increasing the 4-chlorophenol exposure time to 3 hours at the higher inhibition levels led to a general decrease in amplitude of transcriptional response for all genes tested. Cultures of N. europaea were exposed to various amounts of cadmium in aqueous solution containing EDTA, a strong metal-chelating organic, to control free ionic cadmium²⁺ (Cd²⁺) concentrations. Inhibition of ammonia oxidation as well as transcriptional up-regulation of merA, an identified sentinel gene for exposure to cadmium was found to correlate well with the concentration of Cd²⁺. The concentration of Cd²⁺ required to significantly affect N. europaea cells was found to be in the nanomolar range, which is several orders of magnitude lower than values reported in the literature for cadmium inhibition to mixed-culture activated sludge systems. The sorption of cadmium to the cells was found to be proportional to both the concentration of total cadmium and the concentration of Cd²⁺. At the concentration of metals required to cause approximately 50% nitrification inhibition, specific oxygen uptake results indicate the inhibition is specific to AMO with HAO and downstream energy-generation processes intact. To investigate more closely the inhibitory interactions between heavy metals and AMO, N. europaea inhibition by cadmium, zinc and silver was studied under substrate-limiting conditions. Unlike incubation in oxic environments, 1 hour incubations of N. europaea with cadmium and silver under anoxic conditions did not cause inhibition of nitrification activity after re-suspension in oxic media. In contrast, zinc, which is normally considered an analogue of cadmium in terms of toxic effect and transport mechanisms, was non-inhibitory to N. europaea when exposed in media lacking ammonia. Transcriptional response of merA closely followed the inhibition patterns, with samples which were inhibited after the removal of the metal having significant up-regulation of the gene, and those samples which were uninhibited showing no significant change in merA transcript levels compared to controls. Although sorbed metal concentrations were not found to be predictive of either extent of inhibition or transcriptional response, significantly more cadmium, zinc and silver were sorbed to biomass when incubated in aerobic media compared to anoxic media. Sorption in oxic media was found to be independent of AMO activity and similar results were obtained using Deinococcus radiodurans, a non-nitrifying gram-positive extremophile. The results indicate that greater heavy metal sorption to biomass in oxic environments may be due to general membrane chemistry effects.
Graduation date: 2011
Access restricted to the OSU Community at author's request from March 31, 2011 - March 31, 2012
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Thanaphum, Sujinda. "Genetic and molecular basis of heavy metal tolerance and the heat shock response in the Mediterranean fruit fly : Ceratitis capitata." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9403.

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Books on the topic "Cockle response to heavy metal"

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Frew, Anthony. Air pollution. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0341.

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Any public debate about air pollution starts with the premise that air pollution cannot be good for you, so we should have less of it. However, it is much more difficult to determine how much is dangerous, and even more difficult to decide how much we are willing to pay for improvements in measured air pollution. Recent UK estimates suggest that fine particulate pollution causes about 6500 deaths per year, although it is not clear how many years of life are lost as a result. Some deaths may just be brought forward by a few days or weeks, while others may be truly premature. Globally, household pollution from cooking fuels may cause up to two million premature deaths per year in the developing world. The hazards of black smoke air pollution have been known since antiquity. The first descriptions of deaths caused by air pollution are those recorded after the eruption of Vesuvius in ad 79. In modern times, the infamous smogs of the early twentieth century in Belgium and London were clearly shown to trigger deaths in people with chronic bronchitis and heart disease. In mechanistic terms, black smoke and sulphur dioxide generated from industrial processes and domestic coal burning cause airway inflammation, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, and consequent heart failure. Epidemiological analysis has confirmed that the deaths included both those who were likely to have died soon anyway and those who might well have survived for months or years if the pollution event had not occurred. Clean air legislation has dramatically reduced the levels of these traditional pollutants in the West, although these pollutants are still important in China, and smoke from solid cooking fuel continues to take a heavy toll amongst women in less developed parts of the world. New forms of air pollution have emerged, principally due to the increase in motor vehicle traffic since the 1950s. The combination of fine particulates and ground-level ozone causes ‘summer smogs’ which intensify over cities during summer periods of high barometric pressure. In Los Angeles and Mexico City, ozone concentrations commonly reach levels which are associated with adverse respiratory effects in normal and asthmatic subjects. Ozone directly affects the airways, causing reduced inspiratory capacity. This effect is more marked in patients with asthma and is clinically important, since epidemiological studies have found linear associations between ozone concentrations and admission rates for asthma and related respiratory diseases. Ozone induces an acute neutrophilic inflammatory response in both human and animal airways, together with release of chemokines (e.g. interleukin 8 and growth-related oncogene-alpha). Nitrogen oxides have less direct effect on human airways, but they increase the response to allergen challenge in patients with atopic asthma. Nitrogen oxide exposure also increases the risk of becoming ill after exposure to influenza. Alveolar macrophages are less able to inactivate influenza viruses and this leads to an increased probability of infection after experimental exposure to influenza. In the last two decades, major concerns have been raised about the effects of fine particulates. An association between fine particulate levels and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality and morbidity was first reported in 1993 and has since been confirmed in several other countries. Globally, about 90% of airborne particles are formed naturally, from sea spray, dust storms, volcanoes, and burning grass and forests. Human activity accounts for about 10% of aerosols (in terms of mass). This comes from transport, power stations, and various industrial processes. Diesel exhaust is the principal source of fine particulate pollution in Europe, while sea spray is the principal source in California, and agricultural activity is a major contributor in inland areas of the US. Dust storms are important sources in the Sahara, the Middle East, and parts of China. The mechanism of adverse health effects remains unclear but, unlike the case for ozone and nitrogen oxides, there is no safe threshold for the health effects of particulates. Since the 1990s, tax measures aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions have led to a rapid rise in the proportion of new cars with diesel engines. In the UK, this rose from 4% in 1990 to one-third of new cars in 2004 while, in France, over half of new vehicles have diesel engines. Diesel exhaust particles may increase the risk of sensitization to airborne allergens and cause airways inflammation both in vitro and in vivo. Extensive epidemiological work has confirmed that there is an association between increased exposure to environmental fine particulates and death from cardiovascular causes. Various mechanisms have been proposed: cardiac rhythm disturbance seems the most likely at present. It has also been proposed that high numbers of ultrafine particles may cause alveolar inflammation which then exacerbates preexisting cardiac and pulmonary disease. In support of this hypothesis, the metal content of ultrafine particles induces oxidative stress when alveolar macrophages are exposed to particles in vitro. While this is a plausible mechanism, in epidemiological studies it is difficult to separate the effects of ultrafine particles from those of other traffic-related pollutants.
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Book chapters on the topic "Cockle response to heavy metal"

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Roy, Raj Narayan, and Bidyut Saha. "Plants Response to Heavy Metal Stress." In Stress Physiology of Woody Plants, 203–58. Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429190476-10.

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Gube, Matthias. "4 Fungal Molecular Response to Heavy Metal Stress." In Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27790-5_4.

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Salemaa, Maija, Ilkka Vanha-Majamaa, Antti Reinikainen, and Hannu Nousiainen. "Response of understorey vegetation to heavy metal loading." In Forest Condition in a Changing Environment, 266–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9373-1_31.

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Nieminen, Tiina, John Derome, Heljä-Sisko Helmisaari, Sari Janhunen, Mikko Kukkola, and Anna Saarsalmi. "Response of tree stands to heavy metal loading." In Forest Condition in a Changing Environment, 278–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9373-1_33.

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Sharma, Anket, Vinod Kumar, Neha Handa, Shagun Bali, Ravdeep Kaur, Kanika Khanna, Ashwani Kumar Thukral, and Renu Bhardwaj. "Potential of Endophytic Bacteria in Heavy Metal and Pesticide Detoxification." In Plant Microbiome: Stress Response, 307–36. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5514-0_14.

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Joshi, Rohit, Jeremy Dkhar, Sneh L. Singla-Pareek, and Ashwani Pareek. "Molecular Mechanism and Signaling Response of Heavy Metal Stress Tolerance in Plants." In Plant-Metal Interactions, 29–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20732-8_2.

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Ishtiyaq, Shumailah, Harsh Kumar, Mayank Varun, Bhumesh Kumar, and Manoj S. Paul. "Heavy Metal Toxicity and Antioxidative Response in Plants: An Overview." In Plants Under Metal and Metalloid Stress, 77–106. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2242-6_3.

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Panda, Sanjib Kumar, Shuvasish Choudhury, and Hemanta Kumar Patra. "Heavy-Metal-Induced Oxidative Stress in Plants: Physiological and Molecular Perspectives." In Abiotic Stress Response in Plants, 221–36. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527694570.ch11.

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Shukla, Devesh, Prabodh K. Trivedi, Pravendra Nath, and Narendra Tuteja. "Metallothioneins and Phytochelatins: Role and Perspectives in Heavy Metal(loid)s Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants." In Abiotic Stress Response in Plants, 237–64. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527694570.ch12.

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Štolfa, Ivna, Tanja Žuna Pfeiffer, Dubravka Špoljarić, Tihana Teklić, and Zdenko Lončarić. "Heavy Metal-Induced Oxidative Stress in Plants: Response of the Antioxidative System." In Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Damage in Plants Under Stress, 127–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20421-5_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cockle response to heavy metal"

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Sawicka-Kapusta, K., M. Zakrzewska, G. Bydłoń, and A. Sowińska. "Response of lichens to heavy metal and SO2pollution in Poland – an overview." In AIR POLLUTION 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air080571.

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Coccoluto, G., P. Gaggini, V. Labanti, M. Tarantino, W. Ambrosini, N. Forgione, A. Napoli, and F. Oriolo. "Heavy Liquid Metal Natural Circulation in a One-Dimensional Loop." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75813.

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The ENEA Brasimone Research Centre since 1999 is strongly involved in the national and European research programmes performed in the field of heavy liquid metal technology aiming at the development of critical (LFR) and subcritical (ADS) nuclear systems. In particular, in the frame of the IP-EUROTRANS, (6th Framework Program EU), ENEA assumed the commitment to perform an integral experiment with the aim to reproduce the primary flow path of a HLM pool-type nuclear reactor, cooled by Lead Bismuth Eutectics (LBE). This new experimental activity, named ICE “Integral Circulation Experiment”, will be performed by an appropriate test section designed to be installed in the CIRCE facility. In order to support the ICE activity, as well as characterise the natural and gas enhanced circulation flow regimes in a HLM loop, qualify test procedures, components nuclear relevant, a new facility was designed and built up by Brasimone Research Centre, named NACIE “NAtural CIrculation Experiment”. The paper reports a detailed description of the loop and the main experimental results carried out from the natural circulation tests already performed on the NACIE loop. Numerical simulations have been performed in collaboration with the University of Pisa, adopting the RELAP5/Mod3.3 system code modified to allow for LBE as a cooling fluid. The aim of the performed post-test calculations is to compare the code response with the experimental results under the natural circulation flow regime, allowing to qualify the adopted nodalisation as well as the performance of the code when employed on HLM loop.
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Sauliutė, Gintarė, Milda Stankevičiūtė, Gintaras Svecevičius, Janina Baršienė, and Roberta Valskienė. "Assessment of heavy metals bioconcentration factor (BCF) and genotoxicity response induced by metal mixture in Salmo salar tissues." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.043.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate metals bioconcentration factor (BCF) in gills, liver, kidneys and muscle in relation with genotoxicity effects of metal mixture in peripheral blood, kidneys, gills and liver erythrocytes of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Fish were exposed to maximum-permissible waterborne concentrations of Zn – 0.1, Cu – 0.01, Ni – 0.01, Cr – 0.01, Pb – 0.005 and Cd – 0.005 mg/L, respectively for 7 and 14 days. Genotoxicity was studied using the micronucleus test. In addition, erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENAs) were analysed. Our study indicates that metal BCF in Atlantic salmon is tissue-dependent. Based on the BCF classification scale, the relatively low values of metals bioconcentration were assessed, except for Zn (gills) and Cu (liver) (359.6 and 594.0, respectively). Zn intensively concentrated in fish tissues, while Pb – least of all. Overall, metals were concentrated mostly in the liver, least – in the muscle. Significant differences among BCF values of Pb in gills and muscle and Cd in gills were measured between 7 and 14 d exposure groups. Treatment with metal mixture significantly increased micronucleus frequencies after 7 d of exposure in liver and peripheral blood erythrocytes. Significant genotoxicity response was not observed after 14 d treatment. The erythrocytic nuclei abnormalities determined in S. salar blood were nuclear bud on filament (NBf), nuclear bud (NB), blebbed (BL), kidney shaped, vacuolated (VacNuc), 8-shaped nuclei and fragmented-apoptotic (FA) erythrocytes. Significant elevation in total ENAs level was detected in kidneys and liver erythrocytes after 7 d treatment, while after 14 d – in gills and kidneys erythrocytes. No significant differences among analysed responses were measured between 7 and 14 d exposure groups, except total ENAs level in liver erythrocytes.
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Yakhnenko, Alena, Nikita Yushin, Ivan Nebesnykh, Igor Khanaev, Inga Zinicovscaia, and Elena Kravchenko. "Molecular markers development for studying of the heavy metal response gene expression levels in endemic sponges of Lake Baikal." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE OF YOUNG SCIENTISTS AND SPECIALISTS (AYSS-2020). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0063872.

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Tarantino, Mariano, Davide Bernardi, Giovanni Coccoluto, Piero Gaggini, Valerio Labanti, Nicola Forgione, and Andrea Napoli. "Natural and Gas Enhanced Circulation Tests in the NACIE Heavy Liquid Metal Loop." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29968.

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The paper reports on the results carried out from the natural circulation and gas-injection enhanced circulation tests performed on a heavy liquid metal loop, named NACIE, and located by the Brasimone ENEA Research Centre. The work is aimed at providing information on the characterization and interpretation of the basic mechanisms proposed in the design of future reactor relying on these circulation mechanisms. The results discussed in the present work concern the experiments performed using Lead Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) as coolant. Both natural circulation and gas-injection enhanced have been addressed, drawing conclusions about the observed phenomena. Numerical simulations have been performed in collaboration with the University of Pisa, adopting the RELAP5/Mod3.3 system code modified to allow for LBE as a cooling fluid. Post-test calculations have been performed to compare the code response with the experimental results under the natural circulation and gas enhanced circulation flow regime, allowing to qualify the adopted nodalisation as well as the performance of the code when employed on HLM loop. The available data will allow to validate and qualify numerical tools for engineering application, establishing a reference experiment for the benchmark of commercial codes when employed in HLM loop.
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Son, K. H., C. W. Ji, Y. M. Park, Y. Cui, H. Z. Wang, T. S. Chon, and E. Y. Cha. "Recurrent Self-Organizing Map implemented to detection of temporal line-movement patterns of Lumbriculus variegatus (Oligochaeta: Lumbriculidae) in response to the treatments of heavy metal." In ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/etox060091.

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Langenbrunner, Nisrene, Matt Weaver, Michael G. Dunn, Corso Padova, and Jeffery Barton. "Dynamic Response of a Metal and a CMC Turbine Blade During a Controlled Rub Event Using a Segmented Shroud." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-27156.

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Ceramic Matrix Composites, CMCs, provide several benefits over metal blades including weight and increased temperature capability, and have the potential for increased engine performance by reduction of the cooling flow bled from the compressor and by allowing engines to run at higher turbine inlet temperatures. These CMC blades must be capable of surviving fatigue (high cycle and low cycle), creep, impact, and any tip rub events due to the engine missions or maneuvers that temporarily close blade tip/shroud clearances. As part of a co-operative research program between GE Aviation and the Ohio State University Gas Turbine Laboratory, OSU GTL, the response of a CMC stage 1 low-pressure turbine blade has been compared with the response of an equivalent metal turbine blade using the OSU GTL large spin-pit facility (LSPF) as the test vehicle. Load cells mounted on the casing wall, strain gages mounted on the airfoils, and other instrumentation are used to assess blade tip rub interactions with a 120-degree sector of a representative turbine stationary casing. The intent of this paper is to present the dynamic response of both the CMC and the metal blades with the turbine disk operating at design speed and with representative incursion rates and depths. Casing wear and blade tip wear are both characterized for several types of rub conditions including a light, medium, and heavy rub at room temperature. For each condition, the rub primary dynamic modes have been evaluated, and the corresponding blade tip loads have been calculated. The preliminary results suggest that a CMC blade has similar abilities to a metal blade during a rub event.
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Markham, J. R., H. M. Latvakoski, S. L. F. Frank, and M. Lüdtke. "Simultaneous Short and Long Wavelength Infrared Pyrometer Measurements in a Heavy Duty Gas Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0026.

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Advanced thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are increasingly being used in high performance turbine engines. For optimized use of the coatings, accurate surface temperature measurements are required in the combustion environment. Current on-engine pyrometers, which use short infrared wavelengths to accurately measure the temperatures of metal surfaces, show increased uncertainties when used on TBCs. Studies have suggested that long infrared wavelengths are a suitable alternative. Therefore, to evaluate the response of both wavelength regions, simultaneous measurements with short and long wavelength infrared pyrometers have been accomplished in the first stage turbine of a Siemens V84.3A 60Hz 180MW engine at the Berlin Gas Turbine Development and Manufacturing Center.
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Schindler, Rob, Sean Comber, and Andrew Manning. "METAL POLLUTANT PATHWAYS IN COHESIVE COASTAL CATCHMENTS: INFLUENCE OF FLOCCULATION ON PARTITIONING AND FLUX." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/09.

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Potentially toxic metals (PTMs) dispersed within catchments from land-based sources pose serious, long-term threats to aquatic ecology and human health. Their chemical state or form affects the potential for transportation and bioavailability and ultimate environmental fate. PTMs are transported either as (1) particulates adsorbed onto sediments, or 2) solutes in groundwater and open channel flow. Cohesive sediment occupies a major part of the world’s coastlines. PTMs are readily sorbed onto clay/silt and consequently particulate-borne PTMs dominate in estuaries and coastal waters. Sediments also represent a considerable ‘sink’ of contaminants which can be periodically remobilized. The role of suspended particulates in the uptake, release, and transport of heavy metals is thus a crucial link in understanding PTM dispersion in these environments. Cohesive sediment is subject to flocculation which dictates the behaviour of suspended sediment. PTM partitioning, flocculation and particulate-borne PTM dynamics are spatially and temporally variable in response to a complex array of inter-related physical and chemical factors exhibited within tidal catchments. However, knowledge of the dispersion and accumulation of both particulate and soluble forms of PTMs within cohesive coastal catchments is limited by little understanding of the association of PTMs with flocculated sediments and their subsequent deposition. This study investigates the influence of changing hydrodynamics and salinities to reveal the partitioning coefficients (Kp) and PTM settling flux (PTMSF) for different spatial and temporal locations within an idealized mesotidal catchment. The data show that the ratio of soluble and particulate-borne PTMs are dependent on salinity and flocculation, and that PTMSF is dependent upon partitioning and flocculation dynamics. Kp is largely dictated by salinity, but floc size and suspended particulate matter concentration (SPMC) are also influential, particular for PTMs with low chloride complexation and in freshwater. PTMSF is a function of Kp, floc size and settling velocity and varies by up to 3 orders of magnitude in response to changing environmental conditions. Findings will improve our ability to predict and monitor contaminant transport for PTMs generated by industries such as agriculture, mining, fisheries, aquaculture & marine engineers. They can be incorporated in existing decision making tools, and help improve numerical modelling parameteristion, to maintain environmental quality standards and limit the impacts of bioavailability of metals in aquatic environment.
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Dascaliuc, Alexandru. "Hormesis, screening and practical use of biostimulators in agriculture." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.44.

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The term hormesis describes the biphasic response of any biological system to increasing the dose of the stress factor of a different nature, characterized in that low doses have stimulating, beneficial effects. In contrast, high doses cause harmful, inhibitory effects. The hormonal response is practically universal, being stimulated by the action of toxic substances, heavy metal ions, hormones, including physical factors. The standard type of response to different factors suggests installing these evolving mechanisms, so they are of particular interest in elucidating plant adaptation mechanisms to various stressors, including developing screening methods and practical use of biostimulators. The practical use of hormesis principles was the theoretical basis for elaboration and rational use of the biostimulator Reglalg in agriculture.
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Reports on the topic "Cockle response to heavy metal"

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Smets, B. F. Horizontal gene transfer as adaptive response to heavy metal stress in subsurface microbial communities. Final report for period October 15, 1997 - October 15, 2000. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/799245.

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