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1
Noah, J. Adam. "Detection of forces and body load in standing and walking in the American cockroach." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2003. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=345.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Marshall University, 2003.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains p. viii, 159 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 149-159).
2
Mallery, Christopher Sean. "Reproduction and Metabolic Responses to Acute and Chronic Hypoxia in Ovoviviparous Blaberid Cockroaches, with a Focus on Blaptica dubia." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011879/.
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The major components of the tracheal system of insects are an extension of the exoskeleton, and the size of the exoskeleton is fixed in the adult stage, so any increase in metabolic demand that may accompany reproduction must be met by a relatively unaltered tracheal system that the female set in place at ecdysis, when entering adulthood. Acute hypoxia tends to elicit an increase in ventilation in insects, and here, I observe increased interburst VCO2 release, and a tendency towards a more continuous gas exchange pattern being preferred over discontinuous gas exchange when Blaptica dubia and Eublaberus posticus are exposed to a descending regime of hypoxia. Additionally, higher temperatures appear to increase sensitivity to hypoxia in these species, an expected result because both species, like most ectothermic animals, display a Q10 effect, increasing metabolic rates as temperature increases. The reproductive mode of B. dubia is considered to be lecithotrophic pseudoviviparity (or type A ovoviviparity), and by the time the embryos are born, they have more than doubles in volume from the time of oviposition. This gain is apparent in the wet mass of the embryo, with no change occurring in dry mass. The egg mass that can be attributed to water begins at 39% at oviposition and increased to nearly 82% at hatching. The metabolic rates of females and embryos increase as embryonic development progresses, but bomb calorimetry reveals that energy content of the embryos does not change. It is possible that these embryos gain some nutrition from the mother during embryonic development, but direct evidence remains to be demonstrated. Blaptica dubia and Eublaberus posticusare both blaberid species that display the same reproductive mode, pseudoviviparity, with incubation occurring in a brood sac. Comparisons between the reproductive traits of B. dubia and E. posticus reveal that the two species have similar reproductive periods, interbirth periods, and clutch sizes to one another, and that both have reproductive cycles and incubation times intermediate to oviparous species and the one species of cockroach that some consider to be truly viviparous (Diploptera punctata). However, whereas adult female E. posticus are larger than female B. dubia (E. posticus non-gravid female mass: 2.91 +/- 0.42 g, 20; B. dubia non-gravid female mass: 2.60 +/- 0.40 g, 20), the offspring of B. dubia are larger than those of E. posticus at the time of birth (B. dubia neonate mass: 24.70 +/- 4.01 mg, 19; E. posticus neonate mass: 22.40 +/- 1.36 mg, 19). Both gravid and non-gravid female B. dubia respond similarly to acute hypoxia exposure, increasing mean total VCO2. However, the reproductive state does not appear to exacerbate, nor dull, the acute response to hypoxia. Gravid and non-gravid female B. dubia were exposed to chronic hypoxia for 30 days and 45 days. Relatively high mortality was observed in nearly all chronic hypoxic treatment groups as compared to controls at 21 kPa O2. Comparing treatment groups to controls maintained at 21 kPa O2, embryo mass was not decreased, nor was embryo VCO2 at day 30. Adult female B. dubia metabolic rates did not show a consistent change in response to chronic hypoxia, but decreased metabolic rate was observed in the non-gravid B. dubia exposed to chronic 4 kPa O2, an observation that is consistent with past studies in insects. Survival rates were lower for both gravid and non-gravid females in 4, 8, and 12 kPa O2, as well as in 15 kPa O2 in gravid females, as compared to 21 kPa O2. Gravid females experiences a decreased survival rate compared with non-gravid females at 12 and 15 kPa O2, but gravid and non-gravid females had similarly low survival rates at 4 and 8 kPa O2. This difference in survival rates suggests there is a cost associated with carrying an ootheca in a brood sac, resulting in an increased sensitivity to hypoxia, at least over a long period of time.
3
Noble, Stewart J. "Factors influencing the pinworm community (Oxyurida : Nematoda) parasitic in the hindgut of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30171.
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Large cockroaches, such as Periplaneta Americana, typically harbour in their hindgut two or more species of parasitic pinworm (Nematoda: Oxyurida). Our laboratory colony was infected with three, possibly four species. The mechanism(s) permitting the sympatry of these potentially competing species were investigated by: i) repeatedly sampling over time hosts of various size to determine the structure, if any, in the pinworm guild and ii) infecting uninfected hosts with known doses of infective eggs and monitoring population changes via daily host dissections. Results indicate that chemically-mediated intraspecific interference competition maintains pinworm populations at densities well below the apparent carrying capacity of the majority of hosts. The concomitant reduction of interspecific pressures thus permits the cohabitation of multiple pinworm species in what is essentially a single niche. This intraspecific population limitation is likely a response to pressures produced by the large size of the parasite in relation the hindgut of early instar hosts.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
4
Zhai, Jing. "Application of insecticides to control the German cockroach, Blattella germania (L.)." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06102009-063046/.
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Rippon, Gregory D. "An investigation of the structure and function of the peritrophic membrane of the American cockroach, PERIPLANETA AMERICANA, with special reference to the possible effects of tannins on water movement and permeability of dyes through the peritrophic membrane /." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr593.pdf.
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6
Tang, Kwok-hei Eric, and 鄧國曦. "The bacterial community in the guts of the oriental, Blaberidae cockroaches Opisthoplatia orientalis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197530.
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Microbial symbiosis in the guts of animals helps food digestion, nutrients assimilation and many other important aspects of physiology. Most of the guts in animals are colonized with a consortium of microbes which have been described as another vital organ to animals. Symbiosis is a dynamic interaction susceptible to both endogenous and exogenous factors, resulting in a shift of the microbial community structure together with host physiological responses. Although some studies have suggested that host phylogeny and environment would help to shape the host gut microbiota, their influence has not been extensively substantiated in different lab models.
Opisthoplatia orientalis (Order Blattodea, Family Blaberidae) are omnivorous and amphibious cockroaches that only reside in the wild. They feed on leaf litter, flowers as well as decaying materials. Recently, massive appearance of this species were found around Shirahama of Japan. Their unprecedented invasion may lead to a problem of pathogens transmission. Studying if host phylogeny and environment are factors to shape the insects' gut microbiota with O. orientalis as a model will be favorable.
Individuals of O. orientalis were collected in the Nature Reserves of Hong Kong for the study of the natural gut microbial community of this wild species. Large-scale phylogenetic analysis based on bacterial 16S rRNA gene showed that phylotypes in O. orientalis closely clustered with other cockroaches and termites species. Hence, this suggests that phylogenetically-relevant insects share similar gut microbiota.
Comparative study of the gut microbial community was performed between individuals of O. orientalis from invaded human habitats of Japan and also from forests of Hong Kong. Invasive species in Japan revealed increases in both microbial richness and diversity of the invasive species. Interestingly, we observed the disappearance of insect-core microbes for example Clostridium, Citrobacter and Pantoea in the guts of wild individuals which possibly impaired the digestion of cellulosic plant materials, nitrogen fixation and recycling of nitrogenous waste in hosts. Consequently, such disappearance can cause detrimental effect to the host adaptation to new habitats. However, human-associated microbes including Anaeroplasma, Anaerovorax and Parabacteroides were identified in the invasive species which were likely obtained from the human habitats. Such microbial acquisition possibly compensated for the lost functions and caused host adaptation to new habitats.
Collectively, this study demonstrated that 1) host phylogeny does play a role in shaping gut microbiota. 2) Environment is a factor in shaping the structure of insects' gut microbial community and helping hosts to survive in new habitats. Our findings allow us to better understand the insect-microbes symbiosis.published_or_final_version
Biological Sciences
Master
Master of Philosophy
7
Lembke, Hannah. "An investigation into the physiology of urate pellet excretion by Parcoblatta fulvescens (Saussure and Zehntner) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50047.
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Physiological parameters involved in formed urate pellet excretion by the wood cockroach, Parcoblatta fulvescens were investigated.
Uric acid excretion by last instar juvenile P. fulvescens was studied first. Food consumption, urate and non-urate pellet excretion patterns show a skewed distribution with peak feeding occurring on day six and peak voiding of both pellet types on day seven of a 17.0 ± 2.0 (SD) day ecdysial cycle. The amount of urates excreted is determined by the level of dietary protein (p<0.0001) and is linearly related to protein consumption.
Selective feeding on protein, carbohydrate and cellulose diets by reproductive female P. fulvescens was investigated. Separate consumption patterns exist for each diet. These females did not excrete uric acid.
Urate pellet consumption by reproductive female P. fulvescens was examined in relation to dietary protein and carbohydrate. Urate pellet consumption increases with decreasing protein and increasing carbohydrate levels. Females that consume urate pellets do not excrete uric acid. These results suggest that urate-containing pellets serve to transfer nitrogen reserves among individuals.
Urate spherules were enzymatically and histochemically identified in the middle and proximal regions of the Malpighian tubules of P. fulvescens, Shawella couloniana and Symploce hospes. These spherules are discharged into the hindgut in sufficient quantities to obscure the presence of food residues.
The significance of formed urate pellet excretion is discussed in relation to the nitrogen economy of Parcoblatta fulvescens.Master of Science
incomplete_metadata
8
Sieksmeyer, Thorben [Verfasser]. "Host-microbiome-pathogen interactions in cockroaches / Thorben Sieksmeyer." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1231276096/34.
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Zervos, S. "Population regulation of thelastomatid nematodes (Nematoda: Thelastomatidae) of cockroaches." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Zoology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4791.
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Populations of thelastomatid nematodes in cockroach hosts were
investigated.
The population biology, life history, habits. distribution, and
gross morphology of cockroaches involved are discussed.
New species of thelastomatid nematodes from cockroaches are
described and keys to species of Protrellus and Blatticola are given.
Evidence for population regulation in six species of
thelastomatids in eight species of cockroaches collected from the field
is presented. No host contained two adult males, infrapopulations with
two juvenile males were very rare, the number of adult females per host
was small. and monogamy was common. Juvenile males were rare while
juvenile females were relatively common, indicating that, compared to
females, males develop and are eliminated rapidly from hosts (leaving
one), or that males are less common to start with. Infection prevalence
varied markedly between the cockroach species.
Reproductive competition due to crowding, and cyclical egg
production were found in two species.
these phenomena are discussed.
Mechanisms which may control
The effects of density-independent climatic factors on seasonal
variation in incidence and infrapopulation structure of one thelastomatid
population were transient.
Evidence for population self-regulation in Protrellus dixoni
was obtained from laboratory studies. Infrapopulations were regulated
by a density-dependent and sex-dependent reduction in infection intensity
with infrapopulation age. This reduction was not equal in initial speed
or intensity between the sexes (reduction in number of males was faster)
and led to infrapopulations with never more than a single adult male. and
few adult females. In structure. these laboratory-produced infrapopulations
resembled those in field collected hosts.
Unmated females produced male progeny only (probably by
arrhenotokous parthenogenesis). Female offspring probably result
from amphimixis.
Possible methods of thelastomatid infrapopulation regulation are
discussed. It is concluded that regulation is parasite-mediated and due
to chemical interference competition. Regulation benefits the surviving
nematodes because per capita fecundity is greater in uncrowded infrapopulations.
Self-regulation may be common among thelastomatids and
other parasites.
10
Harley, Cynthia Marie. "Negotiation of Barriers by Intact and Brain-Lesioned Cockroaches." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1254949161.
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11
Chai, Songhai. "Characterization of left-right bias in wind responses of type-A thoracic interneurons in the cockroach." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1062522911.
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Gunnarsson, Karl Fannar. "USING MADAGASCAR HISSING COCKROACHES AS RESEARCH SUBJECTS IN BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1199.
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The current study investigated the effects of environmental cues on foraging behavior of Madagascar hissing cockroaches using a maze. By placing the subjects in the maze and have them freely roam around; familiarizing themselves with the maze they gradually spent more time where reinforcement was available. As a mean of measurement, the reinforcers were then removed and the maze was flipped 180 degrees. The results were that the subjects allocated majority of their time in the area of the maze where reinforcers were previously available, and when reinforcers had a different spatial location they went to the location where it had been previously. Implications and limitations are discussed.
13
Jex, Aaron Richard. "The thelastomatoidea (Nematoda: oxyurida) of Australian burrowing cockroaches (Blattodea: geoscapheinae, panesthiinae) /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19274.pdf.
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Ghanem, Iyad. "Regulation of corpus allatum activity in the female American cockroach (Periplaneta americana)." Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292656.
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15
Sherertz, Peter Chamness. "Catabolic substrate utilization patterns: varying humidity and dietary regimens in the American cockroach Periplaneta americana (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattidae)." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71182.
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Changes in metabolic substrate utilization patterns resulting from exposure to varying humidity and dietary regimens were examined in the adult, male American cockroach. A series of respirometric experiments were conducted to monitor changes in respiratory quotient (RQ), oxygen quotient (QO₂), food and water consumption and body weight. Also, a series of radiolabel experiments, utilizing injected ¹⁴C-glucose and ¹⁴C-palmitic acid, were conducted to determine radiolabel content (after exposure to varying humidity and dietary regimens) in whole body, feces, ¹⁴CO₂, hemolymph, fat body tissue and cuticle. The results of these two series of experiments were compared to determine the overall effects of humidity and diet on catabolic substrate utilization pattern changes in the American cockroach.
In these experiments, variation in dietary regimens appeared to play a more significant role than humidity variations with respect to significant differences observed in insect RQ, QO₂, body weight and radiolabel incorporation in whole body, ¹⁴CO₂ , hemolymph, and fat body tissue. However, humidity significantly affected radiolabel incorporation in fat body tissue in the glucose experiments and ¹⁴CO₂ in the palmitic acid experiments.
RQ and QO₂ data from the respirometric experiments and ¹⁴CO₂ data from the radiolabel experiments suggested that cockroaches deprived of food, but provided water to drink, change their metabolic substrate utilization pattern from initial catabolic substrates such as carbohydrates to lipid-based substrates. Also, cockroaches deprived of either water (FO) or food and water (OO) appeared to change metabolic substrate utilization patterns toward carbohydrates, but the final carbohydrate metabolic substrates are still unknown.
Cockroaches provided water, but no food, showed a change from initial RQ values (low humidity OW = 0.92 and medium humidity OW = 0.86) to terminal RQ values (low humidity OW = 0.71 and medium humidity OW = 0.68) representative of lipid-based substrate metabolism. There was also an unexplained decrease in QO₂ (initial low humidity OW = 0.45 ul/mg/hr and terminal low humidity OW = 0.28 ul/mg/hr; initial medium humidity OW = 0.35 ul/mg/hr and terminal medium humidity OW = 0. 30 ul/mg/hr). Also, cockroaches deprived of water (FO) or food and water (OO) showed an overall experimental rise in RQ values (initial low humidity FO = 0.87; and terminal low humidity FO = 0.87; initial medium humidity FO = 0.82 and terminal medium humidity FO = 0.85: initial low humidity OO = 0.79 and terminal low humidity OO = 0.88; initial medium humidity OO = 0. 75 and terminal medium humidity OO = 0.87). In addition, these same insects showed an overall experimental increase in QO₂ (initial low humidity FO = 0. 34 ul/mg/hr and terminal low humidity FO = 0.43 ul/mg/hr; initial medium humidity FO = 0.45 ul/mg/hr and terminal medium humidity FO = 0.49 ul/mg/hr: initial low humidity OO = 0.37 ul/mg/hr and terminal low humidity OO = 0.53 ul/mg/hr; initial medium humidity OO = 0.32 ul/mg/hr and terminal medium humidity OO = 0.45 ul/mg/hr), and in the radiolabelled glucose study OO insects showed an almost complete cessation of ¹⁴CO₂ release at 2 days (d). Terminal body weights differed significantly among cockroaches provided with both food and water (controls = FW), only water (OW), only food (FO) and no food or water (OO). Insects deprived of either water (FO) or food and water (OO) had significantly lower terminal body weights than those insects provided either water or food and water. Whole body water content increased and dry weight decreased in insects provided only water to drink.Ph. D.
16
Ross, Andrew J. "The Purbeck and Wealden cockroaches and their potential use in biostratigraphy." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341285.
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Guo, Peiyuan. "THE ROLE OF THE CENTRAL COMPLEX IN ADAPTIVE LOCOMOTOR BEHAVIOR IN COCKROACHES." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1381444649.
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18
Cheung, Chun, and 張俊. "Mechanism of action of Xinmailong, a proprietary Chinese medicine for the treatment of chronic heart failure." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208582.
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Chronic heart failure is one of the commonest fatal diseases in the world. Much work has been done to reveal its complicated pathogenesis and develop effective therapy. Xinmailong (XML), a compound extracted from Periplaneta americana, has been launched on the market in Mainland China as a proprietary medication for treating patients with chronic heart failure. Although it is highly effective, its mechanism of action is still not completely understood.
In this study, the results of calcium (〖Ca〗^(2+)) imaging demonstrated that XML increased electrical impulse-induced intracellular calcium ([〖Ca〗^(2+)]i), in H9c2 cells, an rat embryonic cardiomyocytes cell line. This effect was dependent on extracellular 〖Ca〗^(2+) but not the 〖Ca〗^(2+) store from sarcoplasmic reticulum because XML had no effect on thapsigargin -induced 〖Ca〗^(2+) release. The effect of XML was inhibited by ML218-HCl but not nimodipine, indicating that XML interacted with T-type 〖Ca〗^(2+) channels but not L-type 〖Ca〗^(2+) channels. Unlike KB-R7943, which is a sodium calcium exchanger inhibitor, XML did not affect [〖Ca〗^(2+)]i in the absence of electric stimulation, implying that XML did not work on sodium calcium exchanger. Ouabain, a sodium-potassium ATPase inhibitor, increased the electrical impulse-induced [〖Ca〗^(2+)]i and the effect of ouabain and XML were not additive, suggesting that the site of action of ouabain and XML was overlapped. Biochemical assay on phosphate concentration showed that XML was able to inhibit the activity of sodium-potassium ATPase. Our study also demonstrated that XML reduced the production of reactive oxygen species in H9c2 cells. Western blotting showed that such antioxidant properties mechanism might involve the increased expressions of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase 1, superoxide dismutase 2 and heme oxygenase 1. In conclusion, our study has provided evidence that XML increases [〖Ca〗^(2+)]i level by activating T-type 〖Ca〗^(2+) channels and inhibiting sodium-potassium ATPase. The antioxidant effect of XML may also contribute to the cardioprotective effect of XML but further investigation is required.published_or_final_version
Pharmacology and Pharmacy
Master
Master of Philosophy
19
Beasley-Hall, Perry Grace. "Digging deeper: phylogenetics and parallel evolution of Australian native cockroaches, their allies, and endosymbionts." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24289.
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Parallel evolution is an intriguing phenomenon that has implications for the predictability of evolution and how constrained evolutionary processes might be. In this thesis I make use of phylogenetic, biogeographic, and molecular evolution analysis methods to comprehensively characterise a recently discovered example of parallelism in Australian soil-burrowing cockroaches (Blaberidae: Geoscapheinae) which have repeatedly evolved burrowing behaviour in parallel from wood-feeding ancestors (Panesthiinae). Here, biogeographic analyses indicate the acquisition of burrowing behaviour in the Geoscapheinae is consistently associated abiotic factors associated with aridity, and that these cockroaches likely acquired burrowing behaviour in response to the aridification of the Australian continent during the Miocene. Phylogenetic chapters in this thesis resolve key clades in the evolutionary tree of both the Geoscapheinae and Panesthiinae, confirming the rampant non-monophyly of natural groups, and consolidate the morphological evolution and geographic distributions of these cockroaches with their phylogeny for the first time. I conclude these research chapters by focusing on how the parallel transition to subterranean habitats in the Geoscapheinae has affected its obligate, mutualistic endosymbiont Blattabacterium. Loss of genes involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids has occurred exclusively in strains derived from soil-burrowing hosts and in none of their wood-feeding counterparts, indicating the Geoscapheinae are able to obtain amino acids from a novel source. This final chapter represents the first instance, to my knowledge, of parallel evolution in an endosymbiont being influenced by parallelism in a host species. The research presented in this thesis demonstrates the utility of an integrative approach in investigating parallelism and has further clarified the evolutionary history of the Geoscapheinae and their Blattabacterium endosymbionts.
20
Morelos, M., Phillip R. Scheuerman, and G. Gist. "Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Isolated from German Cockroaches Collected from a Hospital Laundry Facility." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1989. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2887.
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Branscome, Deanna D. "Interactions of enteric bacteria with american cockroaches (periplaneta americana) and pharaoh ants (monomorium pharaonis)." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0006617.
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Baldwin, Rebecca Frances Williams. "Public perceptions of urban pest management and the toxicity of fatty acid salts to cockroaches." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0012931.
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23
Negus, Tracy L. "The response of German cockroaches to commercial toxic baits and their potential to develop resistance." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45080.
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Multiple strains of German cockroaches, Blattella germanica, were exposed to four different toxic baits. The baits used were Roach Ender, Whitmire gel bait (not commercially available), Stapleton’s Magnetic Roach Food and Baygon. For each bait, strains varied in respect to bait consumption, percent bait eaten and mortality. Selection experiments were carried out to determine the potential for the development of resistance. After three generations of selection, incipient development of behavioral resistance was found in the Jacksonville and Puerto Rico strains exposed to Roach Ender. All strains exposed to Stapleton’s Magnetic Roach Food developed strong behavioral resistance. Video recordings were carried out to study the behavior of the selected strain and the stock of some strains that had developed behavioral resistance. The results from these experiments were inconclusive.Master of Science
24
Harmon, James Dale. "The effects of three insecticides on oothecal-bearing German cockroach, Blattella germanica L., (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae), females." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71343.
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German cockroach, Blattella germanica L., females of resistant and non-resistant strains carrying oothecae were exposed to filter paper impregnated with propoxur, malathion, and diazinon. Premature oothecal drop was monitored during the exposure period and for 24 hours thereafter. Determinations of female mortality were also made 72 h post-exposure.
Oothecae from exposed females were observed for percentage egg hatch, time from exposure to hatch, percentage nymphal emergence, nymphal survival, and the percentage of nymphs able to move about freely 24 hours post-emergence. The comparisons of these factors were made not only on prematurely dropped oothecae but also on oothecae retained by females, and oothecae that were manually detached from females. Premature oothecae dropped and those manually detached were hatched on an insecticide treated surface.
Premature oothecal drop occurred in all experiments, but was delayed 24 h in experiments with organophosphates. The mortality of treated females which prematurely dropped their oothecae was higher than females retaining them (73% vs. 53%).
Percentage nymphal emergence and survival were reduced when oothecae were placed on an insecticide treated surface. The significantly higher survival of resistant strain nymphs (Carver, 60%, and Lynn Haven, 99%) in a comparison to nymphs of a susceptible strain (VPI, 45%) on insecticide treated surfaces provides evidence for resistance in first instar nymphs.
A procedure for the quantitative comparison of the effects of different insecticides on oothecal-bearing females has been developed. Insecticides which cause a higher percentage of premature oothecal drop may reduce regrowth of a cockroach population when compared to materials which do not, even if the insecticides cause similar mortality. The extent to which population regrowth occurs depends on whether oothecae hatch on a treated surface, oothecal age, and environmental conditions.Master of Science
25
Brooks, J. Mark. "Predictors of indoor dust mite and cockroach levels." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. http://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2007p/brooks.pdf.
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Köhler, Tim [Verfasser], and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Brune. "Diversity and evolutionary patterns in the bacterial gut microbiota of termites and cockroaches / Tim Köhler. Betreuer: Andreas Brune." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1027183808/34.
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Lampert, Niclas [Verfasser], and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Brune. "Microenvironment and bacterial community structure in the gut of wood- and litter-feeding cockroaches / Niclas Lampert ; Betreuer: Andreas Brune." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1153121700/34.
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Planas-Sitjà, Isaac. "Quantification and determination of the interindividual variability observed in a group of cockroaches and its implications at a collective level." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/249175.
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In this thesis, we used the American cockroach study the relationship between animal personality and collective behaviour. These questions do not only regard domiciliary cockroaches or insects; in fact, the questions we discuss here have a large scope and concern most of the known gregarious species distributed in several taxa. One of our aims is to develop general tools, methods and analyses that could be used for the study of collective behaviour.We show evidence of personality in several behavioural traits and different contexts in the American cockroach. These behavioural differences were observed in a context without social interactions during the daytime (isolated condition) and nighttime (solitary exploration behaviour) and in a social context (rate of joining a shelter and sheltering time). Based on the short-term experiments, this personality can be understood as differences in the probability of joining a shelter. We show that the behavioural variability existing in a population of domiciliary cockroaches is very high. The composition of personalities within a group can lead to group personality – consistent differences in group behaviour. For instance, groups composed of different behavioural profiles show different collective dynamics. Regarding the long-term experiments, our results show that the individuals that were aggregated at a site that was repeatedly disturbed by a lighting stimulus during their resting period showed slow migration to a new shelter, which allowed the initial aggregation site to remain the site of choice for a few days. Moreover, the disturbance regime did not influence the group's global activity rhythm. At the individual level, we observed interindividual differences (personalities) in terms of their position prior to the disturbance but not for the different steps of the fleeing behaviour itself. In addition, we show that thigmotaxis affects the reaction time to the disturbance: individuals near the walls of the shelter react more slowly thanindividuals in the centre. Finally, an approach coupling modelling and experimental data shows that behavioural variability plays a secondary role during migration dynamics, thus highlighting the plasticity of personality traits depending on the context.Un des comportements collectifs les plus répandus, qu’il s’agisse de vertébrés (mammifères, oiseaux, poissons), d’insectes ou encore de bactéries, est la tendance des individus à se regrouper. Les causes proximales de ces rassemblements ou agrégats, c'est-à-dire les mécanismes à leur origine, ont retenu moins d’attention que l’étude des causes ultimes. De plus, dans la plupart des études portant sur les processus d’agrégation, notamment chez notre organisme modèle, la blatte, la diversité des comportements individuels est souvent sous-estimée ou ignorée. L’objectif de cette thèse est l’étude du rôle des différences interindividuelles, également connues comme personnalité animale ou syndromes comportementales, dans les processus de prise de décision collective et notamment la formation des agrégats.Pour cela, nous avons utilisé des groupes de mâles de la blatte américaine Periplaneta americana. Ces insectes peuvent s’agréger dans un ou plusieurs abris et présenter des différences dans leur réponse au milieu, aux conspécifiques et dans le partage de l’information. Dans le cadre de prises de décisions collectives, nous avons mis en évidence une personnalité individuelle mais également au niveau du groupe. Celles-ci se manifestent dans la recherche d’un abri dont certains individus jouent un rôle clef. Nous avons montré que les groupes présentent une stabilité qui est observable au niveau de la dynamique d'agrégation et qui dépend de la distribution des personnalités au sein de ceux-ci. De plus, nous remarquons que ces différences de personnalités au sein des groupes affectent la prise de décision collective, notamment la vitesse du choix et le nombre total d’individus abrités. De manière surprenante, la composition des groupes n’affecte pas la probabilité que ceux-ci atteignent un consensus: la majorité des blattes étant agrégées sous le même abri.Concernant les influences croisées entre l’effet sociale et la personnalité des blattes, nous montrons que les effets sociaux tendent à supprimer les différences inter-individuelles et créent une corrélation entre le comportement de chaque individu et le comportement du groupe. De plus, nous observons que la présence de différentes personnalités dans un groupe augmente les amplifications sociales, celles-ci étant dues aux interactions entre les membres du groupe. Finalement, nous abordons la question du rôle de la personnalité sur le comportement de fuite lors des perturbations lumineuses et sur la dynamique d’émigration quand le site de repos est régulièrement perturbé. Nous avons montré l’existence de personnalités exprimées pendant la phase active nocturne et de différences interindividuelles au niveau du thigmotactisme pendant la journée (phase passive de repos et d’agrégation). Curieusement, ces différences inter-individuelles ne sont pas observées lors du comportement de fuite et au niveau de la dynamique global d’émigration. Dans la dernière partie de notre thèse, nous discutons, en particulier, des synergies et des conflits entre les différentes personnalités et les dynamiques collectives et avançons l’hypothèse que les phénomènes que nous avons mis en évidence sont partagés par de nombreuses espèces grégaires.
Doctorat en Sciences
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Souza, Pablo Waldeck Gon?alves de. "ISOLAMENTO DE Cryptococcus neoformans (SANFELICE) VUILLEMIN (1901) DE Periplaneta americana (LINNEU, 1758) RECOLHIDAS DE AMBIENTES P?BLICOS." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/872.
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The objective of this paper was determined the presence of Cryptococcus neoformans in cockroach (Periplaneta americana) collected in public places. The motivation for this research was based on the fact that this species of cockroach is synanthropic and vehicle of several pathogenic agents for man and animals. The insect were collected already dead and also collected alive using different traps, at all, were 150 samples. The research of the presence of the agents in the insects was made in Laboratory of Pathogenic and Environmental Yeasts, Department of Microbiology and Immunology Veterinary, Institute of Veterinary, UFRRJ, by the process of the exoskeleton and the internal content of then, sowing in cultivation medium containing dopamine. The confirmations of isolation were made by macromorfology and micromorfology test, realization of auxanographic method and complementally proofs. Was not obtained isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans of exoskeleton. Were obtained 5 isolated (3%), starting by the content of the insects that, after the serogrouping in CGB medium, show them self as belonging to AD serum group. Test show that 80% of the stumps are big producing of phospholipase and 100% big producing of protease. We considerate that the cockroaches of the species Periplaneta americana are,potentially, a vector for the studied yeast.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a presen?a de Cryptococcus neoformans em baratas (Periplaneta americana) recolhidas de ambientes p?blicos. A motiva??o para esta pesquisa deve-se ao fato desta esp?cie de barata ser sinantr?pica e veiculadora de v?rios agentes patog?nicos para o homem e animais. Os insetos foram recolhidos mortos e tamb?m capturados vivos por meio de duas diferentes armadilhas, totalizando 150 amostras. A pesquisa da presen?a do agente nos insetos foi feita no Laborat?rio de Leveduras Patog?nicas e Ambientais, Depto de Microbiologia e Imunologia Veterin?ria, Instituto de Veterin?ria, UFRRJ, por processamento do exoesqueleto e do conte?do interno dos mesmos, com semeadura em meio de cultivo contendo dopamina. As confirma??es de isolamento foram realizadas por meio de testes de macromorfologia, micromorfologia, realiza??o de auxanograma e provas complementares. N?o foi obtido isolamento de Cryptococcus neoformans de exoesqueleto. Foram obtidos 5 isolamentos (3%) a partir do conte?do interno dos insetos que, ap?s sorogrupagem em meio CGB revelaram-se como pertencentes ao sorogrupo AD. Testes evidenciaram que 80% das cepas s?o forte produtoras de fosfolipase e 100% forte produtoras de protease. Consideramos que as baratas da esp?cie Periplaneta americana s?o um potencial vetor para a levedura estudada.
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Siff, Sarah. "Atomic Roaches and Test-tube Babies: Bentley Glass and Science Communication." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1339001805.
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Lee, Jimmy Jing-Ming 1955. "Studies of Nitrogen-containing Compounds Having Pyrethroid-like Bioactivity." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332332/.
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During recent years most of the successful developments in pyrethroids have been primarily concerned with structural or compositional variations. As a part of our continuing interest in pyrethroid insecticides, nitrogen-containing compounds having pyrethroid-like structures were synthesized. Seven prolinate compounds, N-(substituted)-phenyl-prolinates and N-carbobenzoxy-prolinates were coupled with known pyrethroid alcohols. These structural variations which "locked in" a specific conformation between the nitrogen and chiral a-carbon in the acid moiety of fluvalinate were studied to determine the influence of certain conformations on insecticidal toxicity.
The toxicity data for the prolinate compounds showed intermediate mortality against nonresistant cockroaches. It was concluded that the conformation imposed by the proline ring portion of the esters was probably close to the favored conformation for interaction of fluvalinate-like pyrethroids with the insect receptor site.
A second series of nitrogen-containing compounds, twenty-five carbamate esters resulting from the condensation of N-isopropyl-(substituted)-anilines and N-alkyl-(substituted)-benzylamines with appropriate pyrethroid alcohols were studied for insecticidal activity. These studies were conducted on pyrethroid-susceptible houseflies. Some of the carbamate esters exhibited high toxicity when synergized by piperonyl butoxide. For example, the toxicity ( LD 50 ) of O-a-cyano-3-phenoxyfaenzyl-N-a,a-dimethyl-4-bromo-benzyl carbamate was 0.012 ug/g, which is significantly greater than that reported for the potent pyrethroid, fenvalerate.
Correlations of insecticidal activity with respect to structure and conformational factors of the carbamate esters have been made. The N-isopropyl substituent decreases insecticidal activity in the N-benzyl-derived compounds, while the N-isopropyl substituent enhances activity in the N-phenyl-derived compounds. Certain substituents on the phenyl ring of both analogs greatly affect insecticidal potency of the carbamate esters. Also, some alkyl substituents (especially, a,cx-dimethyl and a-cyclopropyl groups) on the benzylic carbon of the benzylamine series enhance toxicity. The a,a-dimethyl branching of the N-benzyl carbamate approximates the steric shape given by the gemdimethyl group for conventional cyclopropane ring-containing pyrethroids. The N-benzyl compounds are significantly synergized by piperonyl butoxide, particularly those in which the carbamate nitrogen atom is mono-substituted.
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Fowler, Jennifer. "Indoor Environmental Quality within an Elementary School Classroom: Measurements of Felis domesticus I, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus I, Dermatophagoides farinae I, and Blatella germanica in Carpeting." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002837.
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Thoms, Ellen Mary. "The ecology and management of the oriental cockroach Blatta orientalis L. (Orthoptera:Blattidae) in the urban environment." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76332.
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The oriental cockroach, Blatta orientalis L., was found to be an important seasonal household pest. Of 151 residents interviewed in two Roanoke apartment complexes in Virginia, 90% had seen oriental cockroaches, 60% considered one oriental cockroach indoors to be a problem, and 77% had taken steps to control these cockroaches. Monitoring oriental cockroach populations indicated when and where treatment would be necessary to reduce cockroach infestations. The adult cockroach population peaked in late June and July, and declined through August and September while the number of nymphs increased. Eighty percent of all cockroaches trapped at Roanoke apartment buildings were caught at porches, the primary cockroach harborage sites. In a mark-recapture study at four apartment buildings, 50% of the resighted oriental cockroaches remained at one porch, 36% moved along one side of a building, 13% moved between the front and back of a building, and 2% moved between two buildings. Only 1-5% of the oriental cockroaches marked outdoors were ever captured indoors.
One exterior perimeter and crawlspace application of encapsulated chlorpyrifos or diazinon in early June was the most effective insecticide treatment, reducing oriental cockroach populations by at least 85% for two months. Oriental cockroaches populations were reduced 78% and 50% two months after application of Dursban 4E (chlorpyrifos) and Combat bait trays (hydramethylnon), respectively. Structurally modifying buildings, to limit cockroach access to harborage in porch and wall voids, did not significantly (P < 0.05) reduce oriental cockroach populations, even one year after treatment. Structural modification was labor intensive, requiring at least eight times more man-hours per building compared to insecticide applications.
The evaniid wasp Prosevania punctata (Brullé) had been seen in apartments by 60% of the Roanoke residents interviewed. This wasp parasitizes and destroys the oothecae of oriental cockroaches. P. punctata exhibited a maximum parasitization rate of 51% for oothecae of oriental cockroaches in laboratory conditions. Three peaks of evaniid wasp field populations closely followed the rise, peak, and decline of adult oriental cockroach populations. A resident education program significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the percentage of residents in Roanoke apartment complexes who thought evaniid wasps were a problem or killed them. However, evaniid wasps parasitized only 15% of the field collected oriental cockroach oothecae, significantly fewer (P < 0.05) than the 36% parasitized by the eulophid wasp Tetrastich us hagenowii. In addition, 60% of the residents still killed evaniid wasps, despite the education program.Ph. D.
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POTENZA, MARCOS R. "Avaliacao de produtos naturais irradiados para o controle de Sitophilus zeamais Mots. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) e Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2004. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11146.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Jaime, Anthony Andrew. ""Cockroach centuries"| The cockroach image as the conduit for the marginalized beat woman and artist in Elise Cowen's cockroach poetry." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10260790.
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This project examines Beat poet Elise Cowen’s creative implementation and development of the cockroach image from culturally maligned pest to its symbolic representation of the marginalized Beat woman and artist. Set primarily against the backdrop of the cyclical gendered kitchen, the cockroach subject serves as the conduit from which Cowen underscores the Beats' relegation of women into the stifling roles of the caretaker, lover, and muse; roles that critically disable them of the time, freedom, and spontaneity of experience found outside of the home that informs the traditional Beat aesthetic. As a stand-in for her own oppressed subjectivity as a Beat artist, Cowen’s solitary cockroach affords her the ability to reflect on and articulate her silenced frustrations and critique against her androcentric Beat community, un-fixing her marginal existence as a Beat “other” in the process.
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Lifhjelm, Tobias. "A scalability evaluation on CockroachDB." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184587.
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Databases are a cornerstone in data storage since they store and organize large amounts of data while allowing users to access specific parts of data easily. Databases must however adapt to an increasing amount of users without negatively affect the end-users. CochroachDB (CRDB) is a distributed SQLdatabase that combines consistency related to relational database management systems, with scalability to handle more user requests simultaneously while still being consistent. This paper presents a study that evaluates the scalability properties of CRDB by measuring how latency is affected by the addition of more nodes to a CRDB cluster. The findings show that the latency can decrease with the addition of nodes to a cluster. However, there are cases when more nodes increase the latency.
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Doorly, Nicole C. "A Neuromechanical Model for Cockroach Locomotion." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1291140045.
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Håkansson, Kristina, and Andreas Rosenqvist. "Evaluation of CockroachDB in a cloud-native environment." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21671.
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The increased demand for using large databases that scale easily and stay consistent requires service providers to find new solutions for storing data in databases. One solution that has emerged is cloud-native databases. Service providers who effectively can transit to cloud-native databases will benefit from new enterprise applications, industrial automation, Internet of Things (IoT) as well as consumer services, such as gaming and AR/VR. This consequently changes the requirements on a database's architecture and infrastructure in terms of being compatible with the services deployed in a cloud-native environment - this is where CockroachDB comes into the picture. CockroachDB is relatively new and is built from the ground up to run in a cloud-native environment. It is built up with nodes that work as individual machines, and these nodes form a cluster. The authors of this report aim to evaluate the characteristics of the Cockroach database to get an understanding of what it offers to companies that are in a cloud-infrastructure transition phase. For the scope of characteristics, this report is focusing on performance, throughput, stress-test, version hot-swapping, horizontal-/vertical scaling, and node disruptions. To do this, a CockroachDB database was deployed on a Kubernetes cluster, in which simulated traffic was conducted. For the throughput measurement, the TPC-C transaction processing benchmark was used. For scaling, version hot-swapping, and node disruptions, an experimental method was performed. The result of the study confirms the expected outcome. CockroachDB does in fact scale easily, both horizontally and vertically, with minimal effort. It also shows that the throughput remains the same when the cluster is scaled up and out since CockroachDB does not have a master write-node, which is the case with some other databases. CockroachDB also has built-in functionality to handle configuration changes like version hot-swapping and node disruptions. This study concluded that CockroachDB lives up to its promises regarding the subjects handled in the report, and can be seen as a robust, easily scalable database that can be deployed in acloud-native environment.
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Lankford, William Timothy. "The toxicity and pharmacokinetics of pyrethroid microemulsions." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384861.
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Padley, A. J. "Ecdysteroids in ovaries and eggs of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233891.
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Evans, Anthony Mark. "Dopamine receptors of the cockroach salivary gland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27986.
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A study has been made of the secretory response and the electrical reponse (a hyperpolarization followed by a depolarization) mediated by dopamine receptors of the cockroach (Nauphoeta cinerea Olivier) salivary gland in-vitro. Although domperidone did not inhibit the electrical response to dopamine, three other actions were observed: one, post-synaptic, led to the potentiation of the hyperpolarization; this action was shared by (±)sulpiride. A separate post-synaptic action resulted in the inhibition of the depolarizing phase of the response. Finally a pre-synaptic action led to the abolition of the response to nerve stimulation.Effects of the calmodulin antagonists W7 and calmidazolium. In an attempt to investigate the role of calmodulin in stimulus-secretion coupling with the salivary gland, the actions of two calmodulin antagonists, W7 and calmidazolium, were studied. In high concentrations, but within the range in which they are known to inhibit calmodulin, W7 and calmidazolium were found to inhibit dopamine-induced secretion and hyperpolarize the acinar cells. The hyperpolarization was not inhibited by SGH23390, and resulted from an increase in cytosolic free calcium, released from the same source as that accessed by dopamine. Lower concentrations of these two antagonists caused submaximal secretion and potentiated dopamine-induced hyperpolarizations. An interpretation of these results is that calmodulin promotes secretion, and exerts a negative control on cytosolic free calcium by an independent process which can be selectively inhibited.
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Kingsley, Daniel A. "A COCKROACH INSPIRED ROBOT WITH ARTIFICIAL MUSCLES." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1094932214.
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Bret, Brian Louis. "Effects of an insecticide on German cockroach behavior." Diss., This resource online, 1985. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03042009-040616/.
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Randall, Joanna. "Endemic infection in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/17310/.
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Epidemic disease outbreaks pose a significant risk to the stability and survival of many populations on earth. Current methods to understand how epidemic diseases transmit are often confounded by heterogeneity in infection rates amongst host populations. Endemic parasites, which are often less severe compared to epidemic diseases, may contribute to that variation by impacting on host biology and therefore altering the transmission of epidemic diseases. The effects of an endemic, gastrointestinal infection on host fitness and host interactions with an epidemic parasite were explored in a novel invertebrate system developed for this study. The chosen host was the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, which was infected with an endemic protozoan parasite, Gregarina blattarum alone or in co-infection with an entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae, which causes epidemic outbreaks in host populations. There was evidence of density dependent regulation by the endemic parasite. Reductions in both host survival and fecundity during endemic infection both contributed to this regulation. The endemic parasite also had fitness costs for offspring from infected parents, who took longer to reach adulthood and were less likely to survive. Protozoan infected host populations had lower densities and showed less variance in population fluctuation compared to parasite free populations and the endemic parasite was generally found at high prevalence within the infected groups. When hosts infected with G. blattarum were exposed to S. carpocapsae, the resulting co-infection led to reduced host survival but also reduced emergence of nematode transmission stages. Hosts infected with G. blattarum also had differential immune responses to macro and microparasites which could alter host susceptibility to different types of infections. Infection with an endemic parasite caused substantial changes in the biology of the host, which may have important effects on host population ecology. Endemic parasites can also have considerable consequences for the transmission potential of more a virulent pathogen. These findings demonstrate the important of endemic infections which should be given greater consideration in future host-parasite studies.
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Choudhury, Udit. "Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Cockroach(Periplaneta americana) Resilin." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40869.
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Resilin is a cuticular protein found in a variety of insects. It can stretch up to 300% of its natural length without any creep or relaxation. Further, it operates across a wide frequency range from 5 Hz in locomotion to 13 kHz in sound production. Both the protein sequence and composition of natural resilin as well as the dynamic mechanical properties vary substantially across species. This suggests that mechanical properties may be evolutionarily tuned for specific functions within an insect. Here, samples of resilin obtained from the tibia-tarsal joint of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, were tested using a custom built dynamic mechanical analyzer. The material properties in compression are obtained from the rubbery to glassy domain with time-temperature superposition (-2C to 55C) and time-concentration superposition (0 % to 93% ethanol by volume in water). At low frequency the storage modulus was found to be 1.5 MPa increasing to about 5 MPa in the transition zone. The glass transition frequency at 23C in complete hydration was found to be 200 kHz. The data shows that cockroach resilin is less resilient than dragonfly resilin at low frequencies, returning about 79% of the elastic strain energy at 25 Hz compared to 97% for dragonfly resilin. However, at the glass transition (200 kHz) the material returns about 47% of the elastic strain energy compared to 30% in dragonfly (2MHz ). The resilin pad in cockroach is a composite structure, acting as a compressive spring to passively extend the tibia-tarsal joint during cockroach locomotion. Its mechanical properties are more similar to the composite locust pre-alar arm than to the pure resilin dragonfly tendon, suggesting that macroscopic structural influences may be as important as molecular sequence differences in setting properties.Master of Science
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Rubeo, Scott Edward. "Control of Simulated Cockroach Using Synthetic Nervous Systems." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1495555770825904.
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Beal, Dominic Richard. "Role of macrophages in cockroach allergen-induced asthma." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/10938.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityAsthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease representing a significant socio-economic burden, and the incidence is rising in both developed and developing countries. Our lab has previously developed a robustly reproducible cockroach allergen induced asthma model using outbred HSD:ICR mice which induces many of the same features as seen in other mouse models of human disease, including airway hyper-responsiveness, mucin production, and pulmonary inflammatory cell recruitment. The studies presented here focus on the role of macrophages, which are often overlooked in favor of other cell types that have more specifically identified functions in asthma. In fact, macrophages are the most prevalent immune cell type found in the lungs and are not only involved in innate barrier immune functions, but also play key roles in the development, direction, and maintenance of adaptive immune responses. There is currently a dearth of information regarding the macrophage in cockroach allergen (CRA)-induced asthma. Macrophages were found to be recruited to the lung in high numbers following CRA exposure. In addition, a distinct phenotypic difference between macrophages harvested from naïve versus exposed mice was noted, based on their surface expression levels of the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. Ex vivo culture showed that lung cells from exposed mice produced increased amounts of the TH2 cytokines IL-4 and -13, and had impaired production of TNFα, KC, and MIP2, as compared to naïve cells. The effect was not systemic, as peritoneal macrophages did not show any changes in number or phenotype following CRA exposures. To assess the role of macrophage phenotypes in asthma pathogenesis, we developed a protocol to transfer autologous peritoneal macrophages into the lungs. This resulted in a reduction in total inflammatory cell recruitment, with significant reduction in the number of eosinophils in the BAL, and reduced eosinophil peroxidase activity in the lung. In addition, the transfer resulted in significantly reduced levels of Eotaxins in the lung. Depletion of macrophages using clodronate containing liposomes also resulted in reduced eosinophil recruitment and Eotaxin production In conclusion, the studies presented here highlight the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of CRA-induced asthma, particularly with regard to eosinophil recruitment.
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Blanco, R. E. "Ultrastructural studies on peripheral nerve regeneration in the cockroach Periplaneta americana." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233669.
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This study was concerned with the ultrastructural changes that occur in axons and glial cells during peripheral nerve regeneration in the cockroach Periplaneta americana. Metathoracic nerve 5 was cut and regeneration of the proximal stump was studied using electron microscopy. Nerve 5 was surrounded by an acellular layer, the neural lamella. Underneath this structure was a layer of glial cells which formed the perineurium. Lanthanum penetration stopped between the perineurial cell processes, revealing them to be the site of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Underlying the perineurium were the axons, surrounded by the subperineurial glial cells. Extracellular matrix was present between subperineurial glial processes. After cutting nerve 5, the initial changes in the proximal stump were a result of the degeneration of sensory axons. Haemocytes accumulated outside the nerve and morphologically similar granule-containing (g-c) cells appeared inside the nerve. After the first week signs of regeneration were distinguishable. These included axonal sprouting, glial proliferation and extracellular matrix production. Many small axonal sprouts were formed by regrowing axons. These became grouped into bundles, surrounded by glial processes, as the nerve outgrowth elongated. Glial proliferation by cell division began after the first week, and reached a maximum rate between two and three weeks. It is possible that mitosis of glial cells may be triggered by contact with the sprouting axons. Freeze-fracture studies of the tip of the growing nerve showed that formation of gap and septate unctions took place between the glial cells. This junctional assembly was asynchronous. Reinnervation of the coxal muscles occurred 8 weeks after the nerve was cut. At this stage the nerve was composed of several axonal bundles, each containing large and small axons. The nerve did not completely resemble the control even after 16 to 20 weeks of regeneration. Lanthanum incubation showed that the tracer was again excluded by the perineurial cells, indicating that the BBB of the regrown nerve reappeared at 8 weeks. Glial repair was studied following selective glial disruption using localised application of ethidium bromide. This treatment killed the perineurial and subperineurial glial cells. The repair of the glial system involved the transitory appearance of g-c cells in the nerve. 11 days after ethidium bromide treatment, new glial cells were present and lanthanum was excluded by the perineurial cell layer. Preinjection of microspheres into the haemolymph, which were taken up by phagocytic haemocytes, reduced the numbers of g-c cells that appeared in the nerve after ethidium bromide treatment. This lengthened the time required for glial repair. Cell division of neuroglial cells was observed. Cells derived from haemocytes and glial cell division were probably involved in the replacement of the damaged glial cells after ethidium bromide treatment. This study shows that glial cells play an important role in peripheral nerve regeneration in insects, forming the environment through which the regenerating axons grow.
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Anthony, Nicola Mary. "Action of convulsants and insecticides on GABA receptors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240117.
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Terwilliger, Ami Renee. "Establishing immunization parameters in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1148267879.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Cincinnati, 2006.Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Aug. 4, 2006). Includes abstract. Keywords: Immunization; Cockroach; SDS-PAGE; Ouchterlony gel. Includes bibliographical references.