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Journal articles on the topic 'Cocoa diseases][Fungal disease control'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Delgado-Ospina, Johannes, Junior Bernardo Molina-Hernández, Clemencia Chaves-López, Gianfranco Romanazzi, and Antonello Paparella. "The Role of Fungi in the Cocoa Production Chain and the Challenge of Climate Change." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 3 (2021): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7030202.

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Background: The role of fungi in cocoa crops is mainly associated with plant diseases and contamination of harvest with unwanted metabolites such as mycotoxins that can reach the final consumer. However, in recent years there has been interest in discovering other existing interactions in the environment that may be beneficial, such as antagonism, commensalism, and the production of specific enzymes, among others. Scope and approach: This review summarizes the different fungi species involved in cocoa production and the cocoa supply chain. In particular, it examines the presence of fungal spec

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Villamizar-Gallardo, Raquel Amanda, Oscar Orlando Ortíz-Rodriguez, and Jhon Wilmer Escobar. "Symbiotic and endophytic fungi as biocontrols against cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) phytopathogens." Summa Phytopathologica 43, no. 2 (2017): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-5405/2175.

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ABSTRACT Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a tropical tree, seriously affected by fungal diseases. To control several pathogens, biological methods are prescribed since they are friendly to the environment and easy to use. The main objective of this study was to assess the biocontrol effect of two native strains, Trichoderma viride and Botryosphaeria quercum, on phytopathogens such as Phytophthora palmivora and Moniliophtora roreri, causal agents of black pod and frosty pod rot diseases, respectively. In addition, biocontrolers were faced on potential mycotoxigenic fungi such as Aspergills flavus

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Thacker, J. R. M., L. V. Laine, and R. D. McLean. "The Effects of a Fungal Biocontrol Agent and a Chemical Adjuvant on the Efficacy of Cuprous Oxide Sprays for Controlling Witches’ Broom Disease in Cocoa." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 5, no. 1 (2000): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol5iss1pp29-33.

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A Field experiment was carried out in a cocoa plantation in Brazil to evaluate whether a fungal biocontrol agent (Trichoderma spp.) and a chemical adjuvant could enhance the efficacy of cuprous oxide sprays that are applied to control witches’ broom disease. The experimental design was comprised of 16 plots containing approximately 50 mature cocoa trees each. Each plot measured approximately 1000 m2. Treatments were allocated to plots randomly. Treatments were: control (no spray), cuprous oxide, cuprous oxide plus adjuvant, and cuprous oxide plus adjuvant plus fungus. Sprays were applied month

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Sudiarta, I. Putu. "PERANAN PESTISIDA BOTANI DALAM MENDUKUNG PERTANIAN ORGANIK." AGRICA 3, no. 1 (2020): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37478/agr.v3i1.494.

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Until recently the use of synthetic pesticides to control pest and plant diseases proved effective, but on the other hand, the excessive use of synthetic pesticides cause many negative effects, such as the development of pest and disease resistance, second pest explosion, death of natural enemies and pesticide residues in food and environment. One alternative that can be done to solve this problem is the use of botanical pesticides. Botanical pesticides are compounds produced as a plant defence response to disturbances and stimulation. These compounds generally are of secondary metabolites tha

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SYAMSUDDIN, SYAMSUDDIN, MARLINA MARLINA, TJUT CHAMZURNI, and VINA MAULIDIA. "Indigenous Rhizobacteria treatment in controlling diseases Phytophthora palmivora and increasing the viability and growth of cocoa seedling." Jurnal Natural 21, no. 2 (2021): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jn.v21i2.21216.

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Rhizobacteria play a positive role as biocontrol agents as well as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) agents. The research objective was to obtain indigenous rhizobacteria isolates on cocoa plants that have the potential to inhibit the attack of P. palmivora fungal pathogens, and act as PGPR in vitro and in vivo. The results of the study concluded that isolates TRI 7/1, TRI 8/8, GM 7/9 and GM 7/10 had the highest ability to inhibit the growth of pathogen. The lowest disease severity (20%) was obtained in the seedlings treated using isolates TRI 7/1 and TRI 8/8. Rhizobacterial isolates

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Zepeda-Giraud, Luis Fernando, Dario Rafael Olicón-Hernández, Juan Pablo Pardo, Minerva Georgina Araiza Villanueva, and Guadalupe Guerra-Sánchez. "Biological Control of Thielaviopsis paradoxa and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides by the Extracellular Enzymes of Wickerhamomyces anomalus." Agriculture 10, no. 8 (2020): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10080325.

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An alternative to chemical fungicides in post-harvest diseases are the use of biocontrol agents and their extracellular products against phytopathogens. Two relevant agents in post-harvest infections are Thielaviopsis paradoxa and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, causing large economic losses in cacao, pineapple, and avocado during storage. In this work, we evaluated the effect of Wickerhamomyces anomalus, an effective biocontrol agent, against these filamentous fungi, focusing on the production of extracellular enzymes and their effect on fungal growth and germination. Moreover, we evaluated t

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7

Evans, H. C., and C. Prior. "Cocoa Pod Diseases: Causal Agents and Control." Outlook on Agriculture 16, no. 1 (1987): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708701600106.

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Crop losses due to disease are hard to quantify but a fair estimate of that caused in cocoa by pod diseases is around £1500 million per annum. There is, therefore, a strong incentive to control such diseases but the circumstances in which much of the crop is grown are such that effective chemical treatments may not be economically viable. For this reason, good management techniques also have an important part to play.

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8

Nur'aini, Febrilia. "Control of Vascular Streak Dieback Disease of Cocoa with Flutriafol Fungicides." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 30, no. 3 (2014): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v30i3.43.

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Vascular streak dieback caused by the fungus Oncobasidium theobromae is one of the important diseases in cocoa crop in Indonesia. One approach to control the disease is by using fungicides. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of class triazole fungicides to the intensity of the vascular streak dieback disease on cocoa seedling phase, immature and mature cocoa. Experiments were conducted in Kotta Blater, PTPN XII and Kaliwining, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute. Flutriafol 250 g/l with a concentration 0,05%, 0,1% and 0,15% foliar sprayed on cocoa seedlings, immatu

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9

Sudarma, I. Made, Ni Made Puspawati, and I. Ketut Suada. "The Potency of Endofit Fungi in Cocoa as Biological Agent to Control Cocoa Pod Disease Caused by Phytophthota Palmivora (Butler) Butler." Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 1, no. 1 (2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/atbes.2017.v01.i01.p02.

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Cocoa pod disease caused by the fungus Phytophthora palmivora has resulted in loss of cacao in Indonesia, especially in Bali. So far the disease control strategy is not fully understood. So there is a need to find an alternative by using endophytic fungi associated with cocoa plant. Endophytic fungi are needed to be explored in all parts of the cocoa plant such as stems, leaves and husks. The prevalence of fungal endophyte was determined by the size of its domination on the surface tissue for protection against pathogen. The exploration of the endophytic fungi benefits is aimed at finding biol

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10

Kouadio, Sara Georgina, Eric-Olivier Tienebo, Kouakou Théodore Kouadio, Koffi Badou Jérémie Kouamé, Louis Koko, and Kouabenan Abo. "Foliar Application of Boron during Flowering Promotes Tolerance to Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Swollen Shoot Viral Disease." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 21 (2017): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n21p387.

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Boron nutrition is known to reduce the effect of some viral and fungal diseases on plant fitness. This study investigated the potential of boron application to improve yield and tolerance of cacao trees naturally infected by virulent cocoa swollen shoot virus (CSSV) strains and determined the effective dose and time of application. Foliar sprays of a commercial product containing 20.5% of boron were performed either at the onset of flowering’s peak of the little milking (early in November) or four weeks later (early in December) with four doses of boron (0, 31.25, 41.67, and 83.27 g/ha) in a r

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Aini, Febrilia Nur, Teguh Iman Santoso, and Sudarsianto Sudarsianto. "Application of Copper Fungicide and Row Covers to Control Phytophthora Seedling Blight Disease on Cocoa." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 32, no. 2 (2016): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v32i2.221.

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Phytophthora seedling blight disease is one of the important diseases in cocoa. The disease is caused by the fungus of Phytophthora palmivora belongs to class Oomycetes. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the use of row covers and copper oxide fungicide applications to control seedling blight Phytophthora. Covering treatment was to place cocoa seedlings inside bamboo frame covered by transparent plastic in order to avoid from rainfall effect. The research was conducted in the Kaliwining Experimental Station at Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI).

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Alghuthaymi, Mousa A., Rajkuberan C., Rajiv P., et al. "Nanohybrid Antifungals for Control of Plant Diseases: Current Status and Future Perspectives." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 1 (2021): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7010048.

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The changing climatic conditions have led to the concurrent emergence of virulent microbial pathogens that attack crop plants and exhibit yield and quality deterring impacts on the affected crop. To counteract, the widespread infections of fungal pathogens and post-harvest diseases it is highly warranted to develop sustainable techniques and tools bypassing traditional agriculture practices. Nanotechnology offers a solution to the problems in disease management in a simple lucid way. These technologies are revolutionizing the scientific/industrial sectors. Likewise, in agriculture, the nano-ba

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Moreno-Gavíra, Alejandro, Fernando Diánez, Brenda Sánchez-Montesinos, and Mila Santos. "Biocontrol Effects of Paecilomyces variotii against Fungal Plant Diseases." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 6 (2021): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7060415.

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The genus Paecilomyces is known for its potential application in the control of pests and diseases; however, its use in agriculture is limited to few species. Research interest in new formulations based on microorganisms for the control of pathogens is growing exponentially; therefore, it is necessary to study new isolates, which may help control diseases effectively, and to examine their compatibility with established agricultural control methods. We analysed in vitro and in vivo the antagonistic capacity of Paecilomyces variotii against seven phytopathogens with a high incidence in different

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Ons, Lena, Dany Bylemans, Karin Thevissen, and Bruno P. A. Cammue. "Combining Biocontrol Agents with Chemical Fungicides for Integrated Plant Fungal Disease Control." Microorganisms 8, no. 12 (2020): 1930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8121930.

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Feeding a rising population of currently 7.8 billion people globally requires efficient agriculture, which is preferably sustainable. Today, farmers are largely dependent on synthetic fungicides to avoid food losses caused by fungal diseases. However, the extensive use of these has resulted in the emergence of fungicide-resistant pathogens and concerns have been raised over the residual effects on the environment and human health. In this regard, biocontrol agents (BCAs) have been proposed as an alternative to standard fungicides but their disease management capacity is usually incomplete and

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15

Taylor, Philip N. "Inducible Systemic Resistance to Bacterial and Fungal Diseases in Plants." Outlook on Agriculture 16, no. 4 (1987): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708701600408.

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Plants, like animals, have resistance mechanisms which are activated only by inoculation with a pathogen. The activated resistance mechanism, initiated by a local infection, can be active throughout the whole plant, protecting it from disease for the remainder of its life. The induction of such latent resistance mechanisms may provide a new strategy for disease control in the future.

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Brooker, N. L., J. H. Long, and S. M. Stephan. "Field assessment of plant derivative compounds for managing fungal soybean diseases." Biochemical Society Transactions 28, no. 6 (2000): 917–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0280917.

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Natural plant-derived compounds are currently being explored as alternatives for pest control in sustainable agriculture. This study explored the use of two compounds, sesamol and carbenoxolone, in the management of the fungal soybean disease charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina). Previous studies have determined that sesamol and carbenoxolone compounds significantly inhibited fungal pathogen growth and plant disease in vitro. In order to assess the field efficacy of these compounds for fungal disease control, 2 years of field testing of these compounds have been conducted in southeast Kansas

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Mekapogu, Manjulatha, Jae-A. Jung, Oh-Keun Kwon, Myung-Suk Ahn, Hyun-Young Song, and Seonghoe Jang. "Recent Progress in Enhancing Fungal Disease Resistance in Ornamental Plants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (2021): 7956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157956.

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Fungal diseases pose a major threat to ornamental plants, with an increasing percentage of pathogen-driven host losses. In ornamental plants, management of the majority of fungal diseases primarily depends upon chemical control methods that are often non-specific. Host basal resistance, which is deficient in many ornamental plants, plays a key role in combating diseases. Despite their economic importance, conventional and molecular breeding approaches in ornamental plants to facilitate disease resistance are lagging, and this is predominantly due to their complex genomes, limited availability

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Kotzabasis, Kiriakos, Eleni Navakoudis, and Demetrios J. Vakalounakis. "Photobiological Control of Crop Production and Plant Diseases." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 63, no. 1-2 (2008): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2008-1-221.

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Plants, as well as fungi, use ambient sunlight as information to regulate photomorphogenetic processes. The photobiological control of this information showed that the development of photobiological greenhouse plastic covers simulates a photonic information that leads to a physiological enhancement of plant productivity and fungal disease control, thus minimizing the need for the use of agrochemicals. The main characteristics of these photobiological greenhouse plastic covers are the high transmission of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400 − 700 nm) combined with an increase of the f

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Donne, Irene, Douglas S. Higgins, Elizabeth Brisco-McCann, and Mary K. Hausbeck. "Limiting Fungal Foliar Diseases on Carrots for Organic and Conventional Markets." Plant Health Progress 21, no. 3 (2020): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-12-19-0096-rs.

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Michigan ranks fourth in carrot production for the combined fresh and processing markets. Fungal foliar diseases caused by Alternaria dauci and Cercospora carotae occur annually in the state, causing blighted and weakened leaves and petioles. Our objective was to update current disease management strategies for both organic and conventional production by testing Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI)–approved and conventional fungicides against C. carotae and A. dauci. Field trials conducted in 2015 and 2016 found that the copper-based fungicides (copper hydroxide and copper hydroxide/coppe

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Goss, Maria, Paramu L. Mafongoya, Augustine Gubba, and Obert Jiri. "Farmer Perceptions on Vegetable Diseases and Their Control in Sub-Humid Areas in Zimbabwe." Change and Adaptation in Socio-Ecological Systems 5, no. 1 (2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cass-2019-0001.

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Abstract The monoculture vegetable production systems practiced by Zimbabwean farmers has resulted in major disease outbreaks, causing major production constraints. There is need to determine the intensity of pesticides usage and methods of alternative disease management strategies. This study was carried out using 250 randomly selected vegetable farmers by administering questionnaires. The study objectives were to determine farmers’ perceptions on vegetable disease incidence and severity in relation to prevailing weather conditions, and determine common control methods practiced to manage fun

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Onofre, Thiago Borba, Clyde W. Fraisse, Janise McNair, Jasmeet Judge,, Lincoln Zotarelli, and Natalia A. Peres. "Development of a Wireless Sensor Network for Field Level Strawberry Disease Alert Systems." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 37, no. 1 (2021): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13738.

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HighlightsFungal diseases are considered a major challenge for strawberry farmers.Disease risk monitoring systems can be improved with increased spatial coverage of environmental conditions.Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) with customized nodes can efficiently collect site-specific data inputs for disease risk models.WSN providing disease risk levels with increased spatial and temporal resolution opens the opportunity for site-specific control actions.Abstract. The United States is the world’s largest producer of strawberries, harvesting over 680 million metric tons in 2017, valued at approximat

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Johnson, W. Carroll, Albert K. Culbreath, and Xuelin Luo. "Interactive Effects of Cultivation, Insect Control, and Fungal Disease Control in Organic Peanut Production." Peanut Science 45, no. 1 (2018): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/ps17-14.1.

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ABSTRACT During previous organic peanut weed management trials, maintenance pesticides were not applied and it was observed that insect infestations and disease epidemics were not problematic. This was surprising considering that conventional peanut are routinely treated with insecticides and fungicides to control common pests. It was hypothesized that components of the organic peanut production system could be integrated into conventional peanut production to reduce inputs. Structured research trials were conducted from 2012 through 2014 to determine interactions among three levels of weed co

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Nasim, ASM, S. Hosen, and MA Bashar. "Incidence of diseases in germplasms Corchorus olitorius L. and control of fungal pathogens." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 26, no. 2 (2017): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v26i2.46401.

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Screening of 40 germplasms and two released varieties of Corchorus olitorius L. was made to determine the source of resistance in jute germplasm against various diseases under condition of natural infection in the field. The germplasm lines were classified on the basis of their per cent disease incidence according to the scale of Mayee and Datar with some modification. There were 12 germplasm lines of Acc. Numbers 1045, 1050, 1060, 1062, 1065, 1143, 1261, 1338, 3711, 3724, 4178, 5009 and variety O‐72, found resistant to jute diseases which can be utilized for developing disease resistant varie

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Rashid, AQM B., MB Meah, and A. Sultana. "Seed Borne Fungal Diseases of Fruits in Mymensingh District." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 8, no. 1 (2015): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v8i1.24690.

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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the major seed borne fungal diseases of fruits in Mymensingh. Being perishable crop the fruits were found easily prone to the attack of various disease causing organisms at almost all sphere of their production practices from orchard to the storage, transit and consumption. Fruit rot (Botryodiplodia theobromae) and anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloesporioides) were found as the most common and serious diseases in many fruits such as mango, guava, banana, papaya, pineapple etc. Prevalence of the diseases, losses incurred and probable control measures have b

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Bačelis, K., and E. Gruzdevienė. "DISEASE RESISTANT VARIETY – A WAY OF THE ECOLOGICAL FLAX PROTECTION IN LITHUANIA." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 26, 2006): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2003vol1.1974.

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Different methods to control flax diseases are admissible in the modern plant protection. It is advised to treat seeds and growing plants by fungicides to kill the pathogens of fungal diseases. Fertilisation by microelements and using of right means of agrotechnology (optimal sowing time, resistant varieties etc.) are preventing plants from physiological injures. However, one of the most effective means against diseases is development and growing of resistant varieties.Fibre flax breeding has been carried out in Lithuania since 1922 in Dotnuva Plant Breeding Station. Since 1965 this work is be

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Leonardi, Irina, and Iliyan Iliev. "3 MECHANSISMS OF INTESTINAL FUNGI RECOGNITION AND CONTROL." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 26, Supplement_1 (2020): S41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/zaa010.107.

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Abstract Background and Objectives Intestinal fungal communities are perturbed in several autoimmune diseases and have been shown to influence disease outcome. We have shown that intestinal resident CX3CR1+ mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) can sense gut fungi and are crucial for the initiation of immune responses both locally and at distant sites. These results suggest that recognition of fungi by gut phagocytes might be involved in the pathogenesis of immune-related diseases such as IBD. Despite the identification of a few molecules involved in the recognition and immunity to intestinal fungi th

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Szczerbanik, M., J. Jobling, S. Morris, and P. Holford. "Essential oil vapours control some common postharvest fungal pathogens." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 1 (2007): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05236.

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Diseases caused by fungal pathogens cause substantial postharvest losses to most perishable food crops. Fungal diseases are currently controlled with fungicides; however, reliance on this single control strategy leads to problems such as environmental damage and fungal resistance to fungicides. There is increasing pressure from consumers to find more natural methods of disease control. A possible alternative to fungicides may be essential oils, which have been shown to inhibit the growth of several fungi and are seen as natural compounds. The present study examined the effect of the vapour pha

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Zhang, Hui Li, Lin Chen, Wen Na Li, Li Li Wang, and Hong Yu Xie. "Plant MicroRNAs Responsive to Fungal Infection." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 1141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.1141.

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNAs transcribed from non-coding DNA, which have the capacity to base pair with the target mRNAs (messenger RNAs) to repress their translation or resulted in cleavage. We have paid much attention on the DNA and its coded proteins, the discovery of miRNAs as gene negatively regulators has led to a fundamental change in understanding of post-transcriptional gene regulation in plants. Fungal pathogens infection is the main cause of most economic crops diseases. Unlike humans, plants don’t evolved to have a adaptive immune system, they protect themselves wit

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Yang, D., F. Plante, L. Bernier, et al. "Evaluation of a fungal antagonist, Phaeotheca dimorphospora, for biological control of tree diseases." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 3 (1993): 426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-047.

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Phaeotheca dimorphospora, which was first isolated from elm wood and found to be antagonistic in vitro against the Dutch elm disease pathogen Ophiostoma ulmi, was tested for antifungal activity in vitro against other tree pathogens by a variation of the agar layer technique. Phaeotheca dimorphospora produced antifungal compounds that were strongly inhibitory against a wide range of tree pathogens in addition to O. ulmi, such as Gremmeniella spp., Armillaria spp., Septoria musiva, Verticillium albo-atrum, Cylindrocladium floridanum, Phytophthora sp., Nectria galligena, and Heterobasidion annosu

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Rehman, Fazal Ur, Muhammad Adnan, Maria Kalsoom, et al. "Seed-Borne Fungal Diseases of Maize (Zea mays L.): A Review." Agrinula : Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Perkebunan 4, no. 1 (2021): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36490/agri.v4i1.123.

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 Introduction: Maize (Zea mays) is one of the most important cereal crops. It is ranked as 3rd after wheat and rice. Due to its wide adaptability, diversified uses, and low production costs, it has great potential as a cereal crop. In the case of yield losses, various factors are involved. The fungal diseases of maize play a significant role in the reduction of both quantity as well as the quality of maize. Review Results: At the seedling stage, maize suffers from numerous diseases and many of them are seed-borne diseases. Anthracnose stalk rot (Colletotrichum graminicola), Charcoa

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Traversari, Silvia, Sonia Cacini, Angelica Galieni, Beatrice Nesi, Nicola Nicastro, and Catello Pane. "Precision Agriculture Digital Technologies for Sustainable Fungal Disease Management of Ornamental Plants." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (2021): 3707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073707.

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Ornamental plant production constitutes an important sector of the horticultural industry worldwide and fungal infections, that dramatically affect the aesthetic quality of plants, can cause serious economic and crop losses. The need to reduce the use of pesticides for controlling fungal outbreaks requires the development of new sustainable strategies for pathogen control. In particular, early and accurate large-scale detection of occurring symptoms is critical to face the ambitious challenge of an effective, energy-saving, and precise disease management. Here, the new trends in digital-based

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Pratama, Sakti Widyanta. "Application of lime and urea and its effect on development of Phythophthora palmivora." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 31, no. 1 (2015): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v31i1.70.

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Black pod rot disease (BPRD) which is caused by Phytophthora palmivora is one of the main diseases of cocoa cultivations particularly in plantations with wet climate. Black pod rot can develop rapidly under high humidity environments, particularly during rainy seasons. This disease can cause loss of harvest of up to 46.63% in East Java. The various control efforts attempted so far have not resulted in significant improvements. Urea, in addition to functioning as fertilizer, can also produce the ammonia gas which is believed to be able to suppress black pod rot. This research aims to determine

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Asaturova, Anzhela, Margarita Shternshis, Vera Tsvetkova, et al. "Biological control of important fungal diseases of potato and raspberry by two Bacillus velezensis strains." PeerJ 9 (June 14, 2021): e11578. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11578.

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Stem canker and black scurf caused by Rhizoctonia solani are the important diseases in potato, while spur blight caused by Didymella applanata is a major disease in red raspberry. In Western Siberia, both crops are grown predominantly in small-scale farming that requires maximal usage of biological products for plant protection instead of chemicals. We evaluated two promising Bacillus velezensis strains BZR 336 g and BZR 517 isolated in the south of Russia (45°1′N, 38°59′E) for their biological control potentials against the potato and red raspberry diseases under the more severe weather condi

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Shubitz, Lisa F., Daniel A. Powell, Christine D. Butkiewicz, et al. "A Chronic Murine Disease Model of Coccidioidomycosis Using Coccidioides posadasii, Strain 1038." Journal of Infectious Diseases 223, no. 1 (2020): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa419.

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Abstract Murine infections with most Coccidioides spp. strains are lethal by 3 weeks, limiting the study of immune responses. Coccidioides posadasii, strain 1038 (Cp1038), while slowly lethal, resulted in protracted survival of C57BL/6 (B6) mice. In resistant (B6D2)F1/J mice, lung fungal burdens stabilized by week 4 without progression through week 16, better modeling human coccidioidal infections after their immunologic control. Immunodeficient tumor necrosis factor (Tnf) α knockout (KO) and interferon (Ifn) γ receptor 1 (Ifn-γr1) KO mice survived a median of 22.5 and 34 days, compared with 7

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Chohan, Sobia, Rashida Perveen, Muhammad Abid, Atif H. Naqvi, and Safina Naz. "MANAGEMENT OF SEED BORNE FUNGAL DISEASES OF TOMATO: A REVIEW." Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology 29, no. 1 (2017): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.029.01.0274.

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Plant diseases caused by different kinds of microorganisms either carried through air, water or present in soil, seeds or propagative planting materials have adverse impact on agriculture production and economy worldwide. Apart from other crops vegetables are also subjected to several seed borne fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens, which cause substantial yield loss upto 10 percent in Pakistan. This article gives vast information regarding significance and prevalence of various kinds of seed borne mycoflora (Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Botrytis cineria, A. alternata, Ch

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King, Stephen R., Angela R. Davis, Wenge Liu, and Amnon Levi. "Grafting for Disease Resistance." HortScience 43, no. 6 (2008): 1673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.6.1673.

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The primary purpose of grafting vegetables worldwide has been to provide resistance to soilborne diseases. The potential loss of methyl bromide as a soil fumigant combined with pathogen resistance to commonly used pesticides will make resistance to soilborne pathogens even more important in the future. The major disease problems addressed by grafting include fusarium wilt, bacterial wilt, verticillium wilt, monosporascus root rot, and nematodes. Grafting has also been shown in some instances to increase tolerance to foliar fungal diseases, viruses, and insects. If the area devoted to grafting

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Gea, Francisco J., María J. Navarro, Milagrosa Santos, Fernando Diánez, and Jaime Carrasco. "Control of Fungal Diseases in Mushroom Crops while Dealing with Fungicide Resistance: A Review." Microorganisms 9, no. 3 (2021): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030585.

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Mycoparasites cause heavy losses in commercial mushroom farms worldwide. The negative impact of fungal diseases such as dry bubble (Lecanicillium fungicola), cobweb (Cladobotryum spp.), wet bubble (Mycogone perniciosa), and green mold (Trichoderma spp.) constrains yield and harvest quality while reducing the cropping surface or damaging basidiomes. Currently, in order to fight fungal diseases, preventive measurements consist of applying intensive cleaning during cropping and by the end of the crop cycle, together with the application of selective active substances with proved fungicidal action

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Lakoh, Sulaiman, Emma Orefuwa, Matilda N. Kamara, et al. "The burden of serious fungal infections in Sierra Leone: a national estimate." Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease 8 (January 2021): 204993612110279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20499361211027996.

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Sierra Leone is a small, resource-limited country that has a low national prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and a very high burden of tuberculosis (TB). Fungal diseases are probably common, but poorly documented. In this article, we reviewed the existing literature on fungal epidemiology in Sierra Leone using national, regional, and international data, identified knowledge gaps, and propose solutions to address the challenges on the prevention and control of fungal diseases in Sierra Leone and similar countries. In advanced HIV disease, we estimate 300 cryptococcal meningitis, 6

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Bahramian, Donya, Laleh Naraghi, and Asghar Heydari. "Effectiveness of the chemical stabilizers of Talaromyces flavus in biological control of tomato and greenhouse cucumber vascular wilt disease." Journal of Plant Protection Research 56, no. 3 (2016): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jppr-2016-0045.

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AbstractFungal antagonist,Talaromyces flavus, is one of the most important biological agents of soil-borne fungal diseases including Verticillium and Fusarium wilt. In this study, to increase the effectiveness ofT. flavusisolates obtained from greenhouse cucumbers and field grown tomatoes five chemical stabilizers were evaluated. Based on the results of previous studies, the most effective substrate for the growth, sporulation and stability ofT. flavusisolates related to the above-mentioned plants was a mix of rice bran and peatmoss. Different chemical stabilizers were mixed with the above-men

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Bienkowski, D., E. E. Hicks, and M. Braithwaite. "Wheat takeall lessons learned during a search for effective biological control." New Zealand Plant Protection 68 (January 8, 2015): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2015.68.5836.

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Takeall (causal agent Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici) is one of the most important soilborne diseases of wheat Greenhouse screening of microorganisms for disease suppression was conducted using a targeted approach that focused on the fungal genus Trichoderma In spite of indications of disease suppression in preliminary assays effective biocontrol was not observed in subsequent tests Explanations for this apparent loss of disease suppression could include insufficient numbers of potential biocontrol agents screened during the selection process or the issue of falsepositive (type 1 error) r

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Sharma, Nivedita, and Bhandari B.S. "Evaluation of Trichoderma harzianum as a potential bio-control option for fungal root disease of Seabuckthorn." Annals of Plant Sciences 7, no. 7 (2018): 2373. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2018.7.7.1.

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Biocontrol involves harnessing disease suppressive micro-organisms to improve plant health. Owing to the shortage of available fungicides for economic management of soil borne diseases, alternative techniques such as biological control are increasingly being sought for disease management. The present work was carried out to study the potential of Trichoderma harzianum isolate screened from the rhizospheric soil of seabuckthorn growing areas in Uttarakhand. Antagonistic activity of isolate was observed against Fusarium oxysporum causing damping off disease in seabuckthorn. Under in vitro condit

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Magee, J. B., B. J. Smith, and Agnes Rimando. "Resveratrol Content of Muscadine Berries is Affected by Disease Control Spray Program." HortScience 37, no. 2 (2002): 358–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.2.358.

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Control of muscadine diseases is necessary to minimize yield loss and is especially important for highest quality fresh-market berries. In a systematic disease control spray program, four fungicides registered for grapes were applied sequentially at 10- to 20-day intervals from early bloom until just before harvest to five muscadine cultivars. Objectives of the study were to: 1) determine the effects of the spray schedule on foliage and berry diseases; and 2) study the relationship between disease incidence and resveratrol content of the berries. Resveratrol, a phytoalexin, has shown potential

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Rajan, DR Jenifer Solomon. "SCREENING OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST Thielaviopsis spp-A DISEASE CAUSING PLANT FUNGUS." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN NATURAL SCIENCES 2, no. 1 (2015): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jns.v2i1.372.

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Medicinal plants have been used in the prevention, treatment and cure disorders and diseases in ancient times and they provide abundant resources of antimicrobial compounds, has been used for centuries to inhibit the microbial growth. Diseases of medicinal plants were caused by the pathogenic microbes: especially fungi are common throughout the world. Microbial diseases of plants cause malfunctions such as disturb normal functions by degrading enzymes, toxin and growth substances, reduce the yield, survival capacity and resulting to death. In recent times, the medicinal plants were affected by

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Mundy, D. C., and M. A. Manning. "Ecology and management of grapevine trunk diseases in New Zealand a review." New Zealand Plant Protection 63 (August 1, 2010): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2010.63.6558.

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Grapevine trunk diseases threaten the longevity of vineyard production in New Zealand This paper provides a summary of the knowledge of the most common fungal grapevine trunk diseases as well as identifying gaps that require further research Current knowledge of symptoms causal organisms etiology and disease control of botryosphaeria dieback esca eutypa dieback and Petri disease are discussed Additional information about how these diseases may be influenced by different vineyard practices common in New Zealand viticulture is provided

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Beresford, R. M. "Reducing the impact of fruit spoilage diseases on New Zealands fruit export industries." New Zealand Plant Protection 58 (August 1, 2005): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2005.58.4251.

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Fungal plant pathogens that cause fruit spoilage affect New Zealands fruit industries through direct losses disease control costs and market uncertainty costs Market access costs also occur related to the use of certain agrochemicals and to perceived biosecurity risks from the presence of specifi c organisms on exported fruit A small number of pathogens cause a diverse range of diseases affecting many different fruit crops Fruit rot diseases are often difficult to control difficult to understand and difficult to predict Recurring research issues include unclear taxonomy and cryptic fungal life

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Xia, Chao, Nana Li, Yawen Zhang, Chunjie Li, Xingxu Zhang, and Zhibiao Nan. "Role of Epichloë Endophytes in Defense Responses of Cool-Season Grasses to Pathogens: A Review." Plant Disease 102, no. 11 (2018): 2061–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-18-0762-fe.

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Various cool-season grasses are infected by Epichloë endophyte, and this symbiotic relationship is always of benefit to the host grass due to an increased resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Fungal diseases adversely affect the yield, quality, and economic benefits of rangelands, which affects the production of animal husbandry. Therefore, it is imperative to breed resistant cultivars and to better understand the role of fungal endophytes in order to protect grasses against pathogens. The present review introduces research regarding how these endophytes affect the growth of pathogens in

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Vivas, Marcelo, Silvaldo Felipe da Silveira, Carlos Eduardo Pessanha da Silva Terra, and Messias Gonzaga Pereira. "Testers for combining ability and selection of papaya hybrids resistant to fungal diseases." Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 11, no. 1 (2011): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-70332011000100005.

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Genetic resistance represents a sustainable alternative to disease control in papaya crop. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of testers to estimate combining ability and select hybrids resistant to black spot, phoma spot and chocolate spot. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with two replications and 20 plants per plot. The severity of phoma spot and black spot on leaves and the lesion area of black spot and chocolate spot on fruits were evaluated in two seasons. The combining ability of the following crosses is negative for all traits: tester 'JS 12' wit

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Zhang, Shuwu, Qi Zheng, Bingliang Xu, and Jia Liu. "Identification of the Fungal Pathogens of Postharvest Disease on Peach Fruits and the Control Mechanisms of Bacillus subtilis JK-14." Toxins 11, no. 6 (2019): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060322.

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Postharvest fungal disease is one of the significant factors that limits the storage period and marketing life of peaches, and even result in serious economic losses worldwide. Biological control using microbial antagonists has been explored as an alternative approach for the management of postharvest disease of fruits. However, there is little information available regarding to the identification the fungal pathogen species that cause the postharvest peach diseases and the potential and mechanisms of using the Bacillus subtilis JK-14 to control postharvest peach diseases. In the present study

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Traquair, James A. "Fungal biocontrol of root diseases: endomycorrhizal suppression of cylindrocarpon root rot." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (1995): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-230.

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Many reviews in the past decade outline the need to understand the complex interactions between fungal pathogens of roots, mycorrhizal fungi, mycorrhizosphere associates, and various climatic and edaphic factors to develop stable mycorrhizal biocontrol strategies. Cylindrocarpon root rot caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans is a good example of a replant disorder that is amenable to this type of control in nurseries and new or renovated orchard sites. Cylindrocarpon root rot was reduced by endomycorrhizal colonization of potted peach rootstocks with Glomus aggregatum under controlled environme

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Karami, S. M., M. R. Kavosi, G. Hajizadeh, and H. Jalilvand. "Biotechnical control of tar spot (Rhytisma acerinum) disease on velvet maple (Acer velutinum Boiss) in vitro." Journal of Forest Science 60, No. 8 (2014): 330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/50/2014-jfs.

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Several different fungi can cause tar leaf spot diseases in maple trees, including three fungi of the genus Rhytisma. Rhytisma acerinum (Pers.) Fries is an ascomycete that forms black stromata known as tar spot on the adaxial surface of the leaves of Acer species. The tar spot (R. acerinum) disease has been increasing in incidence and severity in maples of Hyrcanian forests, northern Iran, in recent years. One of the best ways to manage infestations by R. acerinum is through adequate biotechnical techniques. The isolation of fungal spore colonies was evaluated using different dosages of Oxywet

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