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Journal articles on the topic 'Cocoa exports'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Trisanti Saragih, Maria, Harianto Harianto, and Heny Kuswanti. "Pengaruh Penerapan Bea Keluar Biji Kakao Terhadap Daya Saing Serta Ekspor Produk Kakao Indonesia ke Negara Tujuan Utama." Forum Agribisnis 11, no. 2 (2021): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/fagb.11.2.133-152.

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The development of Indonesia's cocoa beans before the export duty policy shows that almost 90 per cent of cocoa beans exports were exported from total production, therefore makes Indonesia as known as one of the biggest cocoa beans exporters in the world. Cocoa exports to destination countries cause the domestic stock of raw materials for cocoa beans Domestic stock has decreased. Afterwards, the Indonesian government implemented a cocoa bean export duty policy. This research aimed to analyze the effect of export duties policy for the competitiveness and exports of Indonesian cocoa products to

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2

Agung Prasetyo and Mahananto. "PENGARUH VOLATILITAS HARGA COCOA DUNIA TERHADAP EKSPOR COCOA INDONESIA." JURNAL ILMIAH AGRINECA 20, no. 1 (2020): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36728/afp.v20i1.993.

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Cocoa was one of the commodities, which are crucial to the economy of Indonesia. Cocoaserve as a source of income, driving the development of the region, a provider of employment and agro-industry and foreign exchange earnings, The purpose of this study to analyze the influence of the world cocoa price volatility against Indonesian cocoa exports. This study used ordinary least squares (OLS) to analyze the data. The time interval used was 2013-2017 with monthly data. The results showed that independent variables such as world cocoa prices, consumption and world stocks of cocoa have a significan

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Abukari, Alhassan, and Tan Cunfeng. "The Export Competitiveness of Ghana’s Cocoa Industry in West Africa." Journal of Agricultural Science 13, no. 3 (2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n3p80.

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Ghana in the year 1911 became the world&rsquo;s largest exporter of cocoa. However, cocoa export in Ghana nearly came to standstill in the 1970s as a result of the outbreak of swollen shoot disease of cocoa. Ghana since then has not been able to rejuvenate its cocoa export as expected. The years 1999 to 2018 have witnessed a downward trend in the export of cocoa in Ghana. This raises questions of whether the phrase &ldquo;Ghana is cocoa, and cocoa is Ghana&rdquo; is still valid. The study attempts to analyze the competitiveness of Ghana&rsquo;s cocoa sector vis-&agrave;-vis

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Nisa, Dwi Putri Jeng Ivo Nurun, and Ernoiz Antriyandarti. "The Determinant of Indonesian Cocoa Export Growth to the Main Export Destination Countries." Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Komputer dan Informatika 9, no. 4 (2023): 1035–44. https://doi.org/10.26555/jiteki.v9i4.27232.

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Indonesia remains the sixth largest cocoa producer globally, with exports predominantly comprising cocoa beans (60%). As global cocoa demand and consumption increase, it is imperative that leading cocoa-producing countries, including Indonesia, capitalize on this trend. To facilitate informed future decisions, Indonesia must identify the key drivers of growth for its cocoa bean exports. This study analyses the factors influencing the growth of Indonesia's cocoa bean exports to five key export destinations, namely Malaysia, America, India, China, and the Netherlands, using panel data analysis.

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Nuraini, Candra, Aldianti Nurwansyah, and Dwi Apriyani. "Daya Saing Ekspor Lemak Kakao Indonesia Di Pasar Internasional." Forum Agribisnis 14, no. 1 (2024): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/fagb.14.1.50-58.

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International trade can be defined as trade transaction activities, carried out by citizens of a country and foreign nationals based on mutual agreement. Cocoa is one of the leading commodities struggling for export. Indonesian cocoa exports have changed in composition, cocoa butter contributes the largest export when compared to exports of other Indonesian processed cocoa products. The increasing world cocoa consumption will be an opportunity for Indonesia to increase cocoa butter exports. This study aims to: (1) Analyse the competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa butter exports in the internatio

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Meidrieswida, Adrine Gladia. "Pengaruh Jumlah Produksi Kakao, Harga Kakao Dunia, Nilai Tukar, dan Harga Ekspor Kakao terhadap Ekspor Kakao di Indonesia." Jurnal Dinamika Ekonomi Pembangunan 1, no. 2 (2024): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/jdep.v1i2.416.

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This study aims to analyze the development of cocoa commodity exports in Indonesia. This study uses time series data from 2002 to 2016 and processed using SPSS. The independent variables in this study are the Total Cocoa Production, World Cocoa Prices, Exchange Rates, and Cocoa Export Prices with the dependent variable namely Indonesian Cocoa Exports. Simultaneous test results show that Cocoa Production Amount, World Cocoa Prices, Exchange Rates, and Cocoa Export Prices simultaneously have a significant effect on Cocoa Exports in Indonesia. While the partial test results indicate that the vari

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Meidrieswida, Adrine Gladia. "EFFECT OF NUMBER OF COCOA PRODUCTION, WORLD COCOA PRICE, EXCHANGE RATE, AND COCOA EXPORT PRICES ON COCOA EXPORTS IN INDONESIA." Jurnal Dinamika Ekonomi Pembangunan 1, no. 2 (2018): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/jdep.v1i2.73.

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This study aims to analyze the development of cocoa commodity exports in Indonesia. This study uses time series data from 2002 to 2016 and processed using SPSS. The independent variables in this study are the Total Cocoa Production, World Cocoa Prices, Exchange Rates, and Cocoa Export Prices with the dependent variable namely Indonesian Cocoa Exports. Simultaneous test results show that Cocoa Production Amount, World Cocoa Prices, Exchange Rates, and Cocoa Export Prices simultaneously have a significant effect on Cocoa Exports in Indonesia. While the partial test results indicate that the vari

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8

Prasetyo, A., Suswadi, and A. F. Aziez. "Deteminant factors to improve Indonesian cocoa performance." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 892, no. 1 (2021): 012073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/892/1/012073.

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Abstract Encouraging the growth of Indonesia’s agricultural sector is important for improving the export performance of Indonesia’s leading commodities. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the IDR exchange rate and the shock of the determinants of cocoa exports on the growth of Indonesian cocoa exports. The research was conducted using time series data from 1969-2017. This study uses the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The analysis showed that the data is stationary at the first difference. The causality test shows that cocoa production, IDR exchange rate, GDP affect

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Rheavanya, Sabrina Izzah, M. Taufiq, and Anisa Fitria Utami. "Analysis of the Impact of Export Duty Policy, Total Production of Cocoa Beans, and Imports of Cocoa Beans on Cocoa Butter Exports in Indonesia." International Journal of Economics (IJEC) 3, no. 2 (2024): 763–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.55299/ijec.v3i2.880.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of export duty policies, the amount of cocoa bean production and imports of cocoa beans on the volume of cocoa butter exports in the short and long term. This research uses a descriptive approach with quantitative methods, the focus is testing theories using number-based analysis and statistical analysis. The data used is a time series from 1993 to 2022. In this research, the model used is the Error Correction Model (ECM). The ECM method aims to identify the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable in both the short a

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10

Andriani, Devi, and Mutiah Septiani Tanjung. "KEY FACTORS ANALYSIS IN OPTIMIZING INDONESIAN COCOA EXPORTS." Proceedings of International Conference on Finance Economics and Business (ICOFEB) 1 (December 30, 2023): 0020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/icofeb.v1i-.595.

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Cocoa is one of Indonesia's essential export commodities and is the highest foreign exchange contributor in the plantation sector. Increasing export performance is crucial because it reflects increased competitiveness and the business sector. The increase in cocoa exports is ideally supported by increased domestic cocoa production. However, an increase in cocoa production is not necessarily meaningful if other factors, such as inflation and exchange rate stability, do not complement it. However, inflation and exchange rates in Indonesia are highly volatile. This study aims to analyze the role

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Seran, Ermina Anita, Werenfridus Taena, Achmad Subchiandi Maulana, and Boanerges Putra Sipayung. "DAYA SAING EKSPOR PRODUK OLAHAN KAKAO INDONESIA DI NEGARA MALAYSIA PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19." Agriprimatech 6, no. 2 (2023): 16–24. https://doi.org/10.34012/agriprimatech.v7i1.4182.

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Processed cocoa products were a source of foreign exchange for Indonesia both before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the pandemic. Malaysia is a neighboring country and Indonesia's strategic trading partner in cocoa and processed exports. This study analyzes export competitiveness and competitiveness factors of Indonesian processed cocoa products in Malaysia. This study uses annual time series data from 2005-2022. This research method uses descriptive quantitative analysis and gravity model analysis. The research results show that there has been a decline in the competitiveness of Indonesian

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Adiyadnya, Ni Made Adinda Maha, and Putu Krisna Adwitya Sanjaya. "The Influence of Production Quantity, World Cocoa Prices, and Exchange Rates on Indonesian Cocoa Export Volume for the 2008-2023 Period." JETISH: Journal of Education Technology Information Social Sciences and Health 3, no. 2 (2024): 1528–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.57235/jetish.v3i2.3418.

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Indonesia's cocoa export volume has fluctuated significantly over the period 2008 to 2023, with an increase in cocoa plantation area dominated by the smallholder sector. However, despite the growth in cocoa production, the proportion of contribution from large private and state-owned plantations remains relatively small, indicating challenges in diversifying cocoa production sources to support export stability. This study aims to determine the effect of total production, world cocoa prices, and exchange rates on the volume of Indonesian cocoa exports for the 2008-2023 period. This research is

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13

Effendi, Yuventus. "Impacts of export tax of cocoa beans on Indonesian economy." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 32, no. 1 (2016): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v32i1.212.

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In recent years, there is a significant decline of cocoa beans in terms of exports value and share after 2010. Several studies claimed that this downward trend was caused by the introduction of an export tax on cocoa beans in 2010. Nevertheless, there are limited studies on the impacts of decreasing cocoa beans exports to the Indonesian economy. Therefore, this study aimed to simulate the impacts of the imposition of export tax on cocoa beans to the economy as well as unemployment. Methodology of this study utilised the Input-Output Table. In particular, this study calculated the impacts of ex

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14

Nugraha, Dewa Andika. "PENGARUH JUMLAH PRODUKSI, HARGA KAKAO INTERNASIONAL DAN NILAI TUKAR KURS TERHADAP EKSPOR KAKAO INDONESIA KE PASAR INTERNASIONAL." E-Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Universitas Udayana 11, no. 5 (2022): 1647. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/eep.2022.v11.i05.p02.

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Cocoa is one of the important trading commodities in the world to generate foreign exchange. Indonesia's cocoa export activities each year always fluctuate so that the foreign exchange to be achieved is not in accordance with the set targets. The purpose of this study was to analyze empirical evidence of the effect of total production, international cocoa prices and exchange rates on Indonesian cocoa exports. This study uses secondary data with non-behavioral observation data collection methods. The analysis technique used is panel data regression analysis with a total sample of 55 observation

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15

Agbolosoo, John, Dick Midamba, Ibrahim Massaquoi, and Ratna Sari. "Influential Factors of Indonesian Cocoa Export: Evidence from FMOLS and DOLS Approaches." International Journal of Agricultural Economics 9, no. 6 (2024): 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20240906.12.

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The study investigated the determinants of cocoa exports using both FMOLS and DOLS approaches. The time series data were obtained from FAOSTAT and ICCO websites from the year 1990 to 2022. ADF and PP stationary unit roots were conducted to examine the stationarity of the variables while Johansen cointegration was used to verify the cointegrating among the variables. The outcome of the Johansen cointegration analysis suggests the existence of a cointegration relationship among the eight variables, indicating the presence of long-run relationships among the variables. The estimated results revea

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16

Suryana, Anggita Tresliyana, Rizka Amalia Nugrahapsari, and Abdul Muis Hasibuan. "TINJAUAN KRITIS TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN HILIRISASI KAKAO DI INDONESIA." Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi 40, no. 1 (2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/fae.v40n1.2022.13-24.

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<p>The Indonesian government has implemented a policy of exporting cocoa beans through the Minister of Finance Regulation No. 67/PMK.011/2010 to stimulate the growth of the processing industry. This article examines the policy's effectiveness and impact on the cocoa industry. This study uses a literature review method from various secondary data sources. The results revealed that the implementation of the export duty policy had achieved its goal of developing the national cocoa industry and increasing exports. The policy impacts are the decline in cocoa bean exports, the growing cocoa pr

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Hapsari, Tyas Titi, and Aisyah Fitri Yuniasih. "The determinant factors of Indonesian competitiveness of cocoa exports to Germany." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 18, no. 1 (2020): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29259/jep.v18i1.9978.

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Cocoa is one of the leading commodities from the plantation sub-sector in Indonesia. At the world level, Indonesia is the third-largest producer of cocoa beans after Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana (FAO, 2017). However, Indonesia still exports cocoa in the form of (raw) beans which results in the loss of added value and not developing the domestic cocoa industry. For this reason, the government issued No. 67/PMK.011/ 2010 concerning the imposition of Export Levy and Export Levy Tariffs to suppress the export of cocoa beans and then increase the competitiveness of processed cocoa exports. The purpose o

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Beri Artana, I. Kadek Pandi, Made Antara, and Widhianthini Widhianthini. "Competitiveness of Bali Province’s Cocoa Exports in the International Market." JURNAL MANAJEMEN AGRIBISNIS (Journal Of Agribusiness Management) 12, no. 1 (2024): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/10.24843/jma.2024.v12.i01.p11.

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International trade greatly influences a country's economic growth. If a country exports more than it imports, that country's national income will increase, thus having a positive effect on economic growth. Indonesia has various products that are traded on the international market, one of which is cocoa produced by Bali Province. This research aims to analyze the competitiveness of Bali Province's cocoa exports in the international market along with the factors that influence the cocoa commodity exports. This research is quantitative descriptive research with the data used is annual data on th

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Beri Artana, I. Kadek Pandi, Made Antara, and Widhianthini Widhianthini. "Competitiveness of Bali Province’s Cocoa Exports in the International Market." JURNAL MANAJEMEN AGRIBISNIS (Journal Of Agribusiness Management) 12, no. 1 (2024): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jma.2024.v12.i01.p11.

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International trade greatly influences a country's economic growth. If a country exports more than it imports, that country's national income will increase, thus having a positive effect on economic growth. Indonesia has various products that are traded on the international market, one of which is cocoa produced by Bali Province. This research aims to analyze the competitiveness of Bali Province's cocoa exports in the international market along with the factors that influence the cocoa commodity exports. This research is quantitative descriptive research with the data used is annual data on th

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20

Vanzza Aji, Rizki, Zulkarnain Ishak, and Mukhlis Mukhlis. "Analisis komparatif daya saing ekspor biji kakao antara Indonesia, Pantai Gading dan Ghana: Pendekatan RCA dan CMS." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 15, no. 2 (2019): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29259/jep.v15i2.8832.

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This study aim is to compare the competitiveness of Indonesia cocoa exports with the main ecporting countries of world cocoa beans such as Ivory Coast and Ghana from 2001 to 2016. The comparable of cocoa commodities are raw cocoa or cocoa beans. This research uses descriptive analysis using Revelaved Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Constant Market Share (CMS) approach. The analysis of Revelaved Comparative Advantage is used to determine the competitiveness level of Indonesian cocoa beans, Ivort Coast and Ghana, while Costant Market Share is used to decompose the export growth of Indonesia coco

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Dago, Dogo Armand, and Yu Pei. "Evaluating the Position of Côte d’Ivoire’s Cocoa Industry on the Global Production Chain and the Influencing Factors." Sustainability 17, no. 3 (2025): 1013. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031013.

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This study investigates the position of Côte d’Ivoire’s cocoa industry within the global production chain and identifies key influencing factors from 1960 to 2024. Using a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), the research evaluates the effects of economic and climate variables—cocoa bean production, global cocoa prices, GDP contributions, domestic cocoa grindings, rainfall, and temperature—on cocoa exports. The findings reveal that a 1% increase in global cocoa prices decreases exports by 0.45%, indicating significant price sensitivity. Cocoa bean production accounts for 42.39% of export vari

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Bq. Nining Riskya Ramdhani and Ni Putu Martini Dewi. "Analysis Of Factors Influencing The Volume Of Cocoa Bean Exports In Indonesia." International Journal of Management Research and Economics 3, no. 1 (2024): 269–90. https://doi.org/10.54066/ijmre-itb.v3i1.2728.

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Cocoa is one of the plantation commodities that plays an important role in economic activities in Indonesia. Cocoa commodities have export market opportunities, so they can increase foreign exchange. This study aims to analyze the amount of production, international prices and land area that affect the volume of cocoa bean exports in Indonesia. The data used in this study are time series data from 1990 to 2022. The data analysis techniques used in the study are multiple linear regression analysis, classical assumption test, F test and T test. The results of the study found that simultaneously

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Arianda, Muhammad Eza, Agus Nugroho, and Anwar Deli. "Analisis Perdagangan Intra Industri Komoditas Kakao Indonesia dan Malaysia." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 7, no. 1 (2022): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v7i1.18975.

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The situation of the international market has entered the era of globalization which has resulted in changes in international trade. If a country can export as well as import a commodity, then that country will specialize in producing a product so as to increase its productivity by reducing the cost of production per unit. This will involve the exchange of products from the same industrial sector, known as Intra-Industrial Trade. As the third highest cocoa exporting country in the world, Indonesia's cocoa exports, Indonesia's cocoa exports are still dominated by cocoa beans, so that Indonesia

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Lintang, Khesita Lail, and Mahrus Lutfi Adi Kurniawan. "Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Analysis of Cocoa Export in Indonesia." Journal of Economics Research and Social Sciences 7, no. 2 (2023): 192–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jerss.v7i2.17083.

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This study aimed to determine the value of cocoa exports in Indonesia to shocks from cocoa production, international cocoa prices, rupiah exchange rate, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The data used is time series data from 1989-2020. The analysis used is Vector Autoregressive (VAR). Based on the results of the Impulse Response Function (IRF) test cocoa exports responded positively to a shock of the cocoa amount it means that an increase in the amount of cocoa production will impact increasing cocoa exports in Indonesia. The value of cocoa exports responded n

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Augustin, Nabilla Pratya, Edy Prasetyo, and Siswanto Imam Santoso. "ANALYSIS OF COMPETITIVENESS AND EXPORT TRENDS OF INDONESIAN COCOA TO THE FIVE DESTINATION COUNTRIES FOR 2010-2019." Agricultural Social Economic Journal 21, no. 3 (2021): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.agrise.2021.021.3.6.

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This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa exports to five destination countries, namely China, Germany, Malaysia, Singapore, and USA and to analyze the trend of Indonesian cocoa exports for the forecasting of the next 5 years. The data source used is secondary data in the form of export value and volume from 2010-2019 which is sourced from uncomtrade. Data analysis methods used are RCA, EPD, and linear trend analysis. The results showed that the comparative analysis of the RCA method for the commodities of Indonesian cocoa beans, cocoa butter, cocoa paste, cocoa powder

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Satrio, Refin, and Andi Kurniawan. "External Efforts to Increase Cocoa Exports to the European Market: A Comparison between Ghana and Indonesia." JISPO Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik 12, no. 1 (2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jispo.v12i1.14324.

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Cocoa is one of the essential commodities that contribute significantly to the Indonesian economy. As the third largest cocoa-producing country in the world, Indonesia is facing competition from Ghana, a global cocoa-producing country which is relatively similar to Indonesia in terms of politics, economy, and the cocoa industry. Ghana has a competitive advantage that makes its cocoa products appear superior to Indonesia in terms of quality, productivity figures, and cocoa export value. Especially, this is seen in terms of cocoa export to the European Union market. This article aims to study th

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NGOUWOUO, Younchawou, Zenabou TOURERE, and Samuel Honoré NTAVOUA. "Does the Export of Agricultural Products Lead to Economic Growth in Cameroon?" IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 16, no. 4 (2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v16.n4.p2.

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The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of agricultural exports such as coffee, cotton and cocoa on economic growth in Cameroon. The main results obtained by the Generalized Moments Method show that the impact of cocoa and coffee exports is negative and that of cotton on economic growth is positive. The export of cocoa, the exchange rate and the stability of agricultural exports are respectively significant. To this end, farmers should be encouraged to form more cooperatives in order to have easy access to finance which permit to increase their production, the government should fu

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Darhyati, Andi Tenri, Suharno Suharno, and Amzul Rifin. "Impact of Non Tariff Measure on Indonesian Cacao Exports." International Journal of Agriculture System 5, no. 2 (2017): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v5i2.1191.

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Increased awareness of food safety issues has resulted in non-tariff measure in the form of sanitary and phytosanitary, technical barrier to trade applied to various importing countries. The policy is widely applied by various countries on agricultural commodities, especially Cocoa. Cocoa is Indonesia's flagship commodity exported to many countries. The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation and impact of non tariff measure on Indonesian cocoa exports. The model used in this research is to estimate the result of inventory approach in gravity model. The results show that Sani

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Taco-Lambert, Luis Eduardo, and Kelvin Howard Pizarro-Romero. "Comparative analysis of shrimp, cocoa and banana exports from Ecuador for the years 2018 - 2022 and their impact on the trade balance." Revista Metropolitana de Ciencias Aplicadas 6, no. 2 (2023): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.62452/s1hgg124.

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In the present work, exports from Ecuador are analyzed, mainly products such as shrimp, cocoa and bananas. The objective of this study is the following: Carry out a comparative analysis of shrimp, cocoa and banana exports from Ecuador in the period 2018 - 2022 and the incidence that this has on the trade balance. The investigative approach used has been mixed, from the qualitative point of view, the characteristics and qualities of the market were studied in terms of the oil and non-oil part. In relation to the quantitative, data representing figures related to: oil exports, non-oil exports, i

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Abhilash, Satishkumar M, Amrutha T. Joshi, Manoj Kumar G, and B. S. Reddy. "An Application of Markov Chain Analysis to Study the Indian Cocoa Products Export Performance." Advances in Research 25, no. 3 (2024): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/air/2024/v25i31070.

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The paper attempts to quantify the changing structure of Indian cocoa product exports. Data for analysis was considered for a period of 10 years from 2013-14 to 2022-23. The growth rates of exports of Indian cocoa products to Nigeria, Indonesia, USA, UAE, The Netherlands and other countries have shown a positive trend. The Markov chain analysis was attempted through the linear programming method to assess the transition probabilities for the major cocoa markets. The results revealed that Nigeria, Nepal, UAE and other countries were stable markets for Indian cocoa export products. Whereas, Indo

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Noble, Mark D. "Chocolate and The Consumption of Forests: A Cross-National Examination of Ecologically Unequal Exchange in Cocoa Exports." Journal of World-Systems Research 23, no. 2 (2017): 236–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2017.731.

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This study explores the potential links between specialization in cocoa exports and deforestation in developing nations through the lens of ecologically unequal exchange. Although chocolate production was once considered to have only minimal impacts on forests, recent reports suggest damaging trends due to increased demand and changing cultivation strategies. I use two sets of regression analyses to show the increased impact of cocoa export concentration on deforestation over time for less-developed nations. Overall, the results confirm that cocoa exports are associated with deforestation in t

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Septia, Elda. "Comparative Analysisi Of Export Competitiveness Of Indonesia Cocoa Beans To Malaysia Before And After The Export Duty Policy." Inovbiz: Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis Seri Manajemen, Investasi dan Kewirausahaan 3, no. 1 (2023): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.35314/inovbizmik.v3i1.3315.

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The purpose of this study is to determine the comparative analysis of the competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa bean exports to Malaysia before and after the export duty policy. The research method used is descriptive quantitative method. The period studied is 2001 - 2020 or for twenty years. The data used for analysis in this study were obtained from the official website of the Central Bureau of Statistics, the United Nation Commodity Trade Statistics, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the Directorate General of Horticulture, and the Ministry of Trade of the Republic

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Ramadhani, Rifqi Aulia, Amzul Rifin, and Tanti Novianti. "ANALISIS DAYA SAING DAN KEBIJAKAN BEA KELUAR PADA KOMODITAS KAKAO (Theobroma cacao) INDONESIA." Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian 21, no. 2 (2024): 171–86. https://doi.org/10.21082/akp.v21i2.171-186.

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The export duty policy implemented in 2010 caused Indonesian cocoa bean exports to experience a decline in both quantity and value, while expoprt of cocoa bean derivative products (butter, powder, and paste) increased in term of quantity and value. However, imports of Indonesian cocoa beans were on the rise. This research aims to analyze the export duty policy for Indonesian cocoa beans based on the competitiveness of cocoa beans and their derivative products in the international market. Data were analyzed using the Porter's Diamond Model method with Indonesian cocoa commodity stakeholders as

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Mas’ud, Anis Anshari, Wahyu Maulid Adha, and Erwin Erwin. "Determinants of Cocoa Competitiveness in West Sulawesi Province." Journal of International Conference Proceedings 7, no. 2 (2024): 403–16. https://doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v7i2.3450.

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This study aims to analyze the export competitiveness of processed cocoa beans from West Sulawesi Province to the Malaysian and Singaporean markets. Two analyses were conducted using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Export Product Dynamic (EPD) methods. The results show that processed cocoa beans from West Sulawesi Province have a strong comparative advantage in the Malaysian market but are less competitive in the Singaporean market. Key success factors include the high quality of processed cocoa beans produced, consistent supply, and supportive international import policies. Addit

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Borja Abad, Katheryn Lissette, Harry Vite Cevallos, Víctor Javier Garzón Montealegre, and Héctor Carvajal Romero. "Análisis de las exportaciones del cacao ecuatoriano en grano en el periodo 2008 al 2018." Revista Metropolitana de Ciencias Aplicadas 4, Suplemento 1 (2021): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.62452/kqjprc07.

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The objective of this research is to analyze cocoa bean exports from Ecuador from 2008 to 2018, as well as its importance in the national economy. In recent years, cocoa exports have become a source of foreign currency income, generating employment, contributing to the trade balance and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The scope of the research is descriptive, non-experimental documentary type with the use of secondary sources and the collection of historical statistical data of Ecuador. The results obtained are that the changes experienced by the economy of Ecuador in the last 10 years have

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Obi-Egbedi, Ogheneruemu, Jamiu Hussayn, and Isaac Oluwatayo. "Trade Liberalization Policy and Competitiveness of Cocoa Beans Exports in Nigeria (1961-2017)." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 21(36), no. 1 (2021): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2021.21.1.1.

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The cocoa sector in Nigeria has experienced decline in production, yield, exports coupled with its inability to attain global standards and targets and, gradual loss of competitiveness at the world market. Trade liberalization was government’s panacea to the sector’s problem although, cocoa competitiveness remains an issue since liberalization. Therefore, the relationship between trade liberalization policy and competitiveness of Nigeria’s cocoa exports was examined in this study using data for the period 1961-2017. Cocoa market share was used to measure competitiveness while analytical tools

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Verter, Nahanga. "The Heckscher‑Ohlin Model and the Performance of Cocoa Products in Nigeria." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 6 (2016): 2161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664062161.

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The Heckscher‑Ohlin model based on Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage maintains that countries should specialize in the production and exportation of products that they have relative factor endowments. Therefore, Nigeria has taken advantage of its favourable climatic condition to become among the largest producers and exporters of cocoa products in the world. Given that cocoa is also the topmost non-oil export product and earnings in Nigeria, this paper assesses its performance and determines the effects of external factors on production in the country. Nigeria’s performance in the glob

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Sari, Sinta Dewi Kumala, and Niniek Imaningsih. "Effect of Production, Price, and Rupiah Exchange Rate on the Export Value of Cocoa Beans (HS 1801) in Indonesia." Journal of Business Management and Economic Development 2, no. 02 (2024): 501–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.59653/jbmed.v2i02.591.

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Among Indonesia's many plantation exports, cocoa beans play a starring role. In general, the trends in the export value of cocoa beans is inseparable from external changes including prices, production, and exchange rates. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the independent variables cocoa bean price (X1), rupiah exchange rate (X2), and cocoa bean production (X3) on the dependent variable Indonesian cocoa bean export value (Y). This research uses a quantitative approach in the form of a time series. the data used is secondary data sourced from the Badan Pusat Statistik, Bank

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Hermawan, Rudi. "Analisis pengaruh kebijakan bea keluar biji kakao, impor biji kakao, ekspor biji kakao dan harga cocoa butter terhadap ekspor cocoa butter." Indonesian Treasury Review Jurnal Perbendaharaan Keuangan Negara dan Kebijakan Publik 4, no. 3 (2019): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33105/itrev.v4i3.128.

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The export duty policy was initially intended to increase the value added of cocoa beans. On the other hand, in the past few years there has been a significant increase in imports of cocoa beans to meet the needs of domestic industrial in order to keep running optimally and can create added value. To assess how much influence the export duty policy for cocoa beans, the import of cocoa beans, the export of cocoa beans and the price of cocoa butter on the development of exports of cocoa butter, this study uses a quantitative approach using secondary data from various sources. The results of the

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Alori, Alaba David, and Adebayo Augustine Kutu. "Export Function of Cocoa Production, Exchange Rate Volatility and Prices in Nigeria." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 11, no. 2(J) (2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v11i2(j).2813.

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This study examined the export function of cocoa production and determined the impact of exchange rates and price volatility on the exportation of cocoa in Nigeria. The Phillips-Perron (PP) and Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root tests, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) methodologies were employed to analyse the time series data that spanning from 1970:01 to 2016:12. The PP and ADF unit root tests findings indicated that none of the variables was stationary at levels (I (0)) however, after the first difference I (1) they became stationary. At 5%, the O

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Wardhany, Medha, and Fauzul Adzim. "Determinant of Cocoa Export in Indonesia." Economics Development Analysis Journal 7, no. 3 (2018): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v7i3.25262.

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International Trade is one of the activities that plays an important role for the economy. Indonesia is one of the countries whose depends on exports. One of the agricultural commodities that become the leading commodity is cocoa. Although it is a main flag export commodity, cocoa farming still has many challenges. The export volume of cocoa beans in the period 1987-2016 increase slightly, but in the last six years the export tend to decrease. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that affect the export of cocoa beans. The analytical method used is Multiple Linear Regression with

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Sofyan, Agus, and Tria Apriliana. "Comparative Study Analysis of the Effect of Protectionism Policy on Indonesian Cocoa Exports to Destination Countries: India, United States, Malaysia, China, Australia." Ekonomis: Journal of Economics and Business 9, no. 1 (2025): 333. https://doi.org/10.33087/ekonomis.v9i1.2401.

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Protectionist policies are taken by some countries such as Indonesia with the aim of protecting and improving the quality of domestic products. Indonesia is one of the largest cocoa producers in the world and plays an important role in the global supply chain. This study aims to analyze the effect of protectionist policies implemented by the Indonesian government on the volume of cocoa exports to five main destination countries, namely India, the United States, Malaysia, China, and Australia, during the 2019-2023 period. Protectionist policies such as export duty tariffs and non-tariff regulat

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Anggoro, Raditya, and Widyastutik Widyastutik. "Non-Tariff Barriers and Factors that influence The Indonesian Cocoa Export to Europe." Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi 5, no. 1 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v5i1.3131.

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The aim of this study are: first, to analyse the competitiveness of Indonesian cocoa in the European Unio market; second, to analyse the competitiveness and the factors that influence the Indonesian cocoa exports to the EU market; third, to calculate the non-tariff barriers imposed by the European Union market for Indonesian cocoa. Methods used are the RCA index and gravity models. The differences between actual and potential trade flows are indicated as non-tariff barriers. Results of the calculation RCA is showed that all destinations of a cocoa export have a high competitiveness (RCA> 1)

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Neno, Sundari Retno Andani, Rafiqa Dewi Rafiqa, and Solikhun Lihun. "MODEL ALGORITMA RESILIENT BACKPROPAGATION DALAM MEMPREDIKSI EKSPOR BIJIH COKLAT MENURUT NEGARA TUJUAN UTAMA DALAM MENDORONG LAJU PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI." Jurnal RESISTOR (Rekayasa Sistem Komputer) 2, no. 2 (2019): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31598/jurnalresistor.v2i2.383.

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The purpose of this study predicts the export of brown ore according to the country the main objective in driving the pace of economic growth. Cocoa beans including plantation products are exported and are very profitable for Indonesia. However, the quality of cocoa beans exported by Indonesia is known to be low. The low quality of Indonesian cocoa is due to several reasons, including rare Indonesian cocoa beans which are fermented first. Indonesia is an exporter of cocoa beans. The government must be able to predict brown ore exports in the future so that the government can take steps or poli

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Putri, Annisa, and Reza Juanda. "PENGARUH NILAI TUKAR RUPIAH, HARGA INTERNASIONAL DAN JUMLAH PRODUKSI KAKAO TERHADAP VOLUME EKSPOR KAKAO INDONESIA." Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian Unimal 7, no. 1 (2024): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/jepu.v7i1.14764.

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This research aims to determine the effect of the rupiah exchange rate, international prices, and the amount of cocoa production on the volume of Indonesian cocoa exports from 1990-2022. This research uses secondary data and time series data from 1990-2022 obtained from the World Bank, Badan Pusat Statistic (BPS), and International Cocoa Organizations. The data analysis method uses the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. The results of this research show that the rupiah exchange rate variable in both the short and long term has a positive and insignificant effect on the volume of I

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Ninin Eva Andika Rada and I Wayan Sukadana. "Factors Affecting the Competitiveness of Indonesian Cocoa Exports." International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences 1, no. 4 (2024): 419–38. https://doi.org/10.61132/ijems.v1i4.375.

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Competitiveness is the economic ability of a country to innovate, increase productivity, and maintain its position in the global market. Competitiveness is one of the most important activities for the development of the Indonesian economy, high competitiveness helps countries to adapt to global changes, improve the welfare of their people, and achieve sustainable economic growth. International trade is a trading activity carried out by the people of a country with the people of another country on the basis of mutual agreement. Trading activities are activities related to transactions of goods

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Rosita, Ilma Yuni, Lilis Imamah Ichdayati, and Rizki Adi Puspita Sari. "ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI VOLUME EKSPOR BIJI KAKAO INDONESIA KE MALAYSIA." AGRIBUSINESS JOURNAL 11, no. 2 (2019): 161–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/aj.v11i2.11842.

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This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the volume of Indonesian cocoa exports to Malaysia. Multiple linear regression and ordinary least squares (OLS) were employed to analyze time series of data from 2005 until 2013. Based on the analysis, it is obtained that factors that significantly effect the volume of Indonesian cocoa exports to Malaysia with a significance level (α) five percent are the real prices of Indonesian cocoa exports to Malaysia and the real prices of cocoa beans the international market.

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Rosita, Ilma Yuni, Lilis Imamah Ichdayati, and Rizki Adi Puspita Sari. "ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI VOLUME EKSPOR BIJI KAKAO INDONESIA KE MALAYSIA." AGRIBUSINESS JOURNAL 13, no. 1 (2019): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/aj.v13i1.11871.

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This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the volume of Indonesian cocoa exports to Malaysia. Multiple linear regression and ordinary least squares (OLS) were employed to analyze time series of data from 2005 until 2013. Based on the analysis, it is obtained that factors that significantly effect the volume of Indonesian cocoa exports to Malaysia with a significance level (α) five percent are the real prices of Indonesian cocoa exports to Malaysia and the real prices of cocoa beans the international market.

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Suryana, Anggita Tresliyana, Anna Fariyanti, and Amzul Rifin. "Analisis Perdagangan Kakao Indonesia di Pasar Internasional." Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar 1, no. 1 (2014): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jtidp.v1n1.2014.p29-40.

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<p>pertumbuhan konsumsi dunia. Sejak pemerintah Indonesia menerapkan kebijakan pajak ekspor kakao biji dalam rangka untuk mengembangkan industri pengolahan kakao, ada perubahan dalam komposisi ekspor kakao. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perdagangan kakao Indonesia di pasar internasional. Pengukuran menggunakan Gravity Model menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ekspor kakao biji Indonesia adalah GDP riil per kapita negara tujuan, nilai tukar, dan bea keluar kakao biji. Variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap

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Hakiki, Suci Indah, and Asnawi Asnawi. "PENGARUH LUAS LAHAN, PRODUKSI, HARGA KAKAO INTERNASIONAL TERHADAP EKSPOR KAKAO INDONESIA." Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian Unimal 2, no. 1 (2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/jepu.v2i1.1794.

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This study aims to examine the effect of land area, production, international cocoa prices on Indonesian cocoa exports. The data used is the time series data for the period 1991-2017. This study uses two methods of analysis multiple linear regression analysis, the second is the Auto Regressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL). The test results using multiple linear regression analysis showed that as together of land area, production, international cocoa prices effected on Indonesian cocoa exports. Partially large areas, production and prices of international cocoa each have a positive and significant

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