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Journal articles on the topic 'Cocoa tree'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 June 2025

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1

Andze, Laura, Oskars Bikovens, Marite Skute, et al. "Characterization of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) wood branches as a potential resource for paper production." BioResources 19, no. 4 (2024): 9660–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.4.9660-9672.

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For sustainable use of lignocellulosic resources, pruned tree branches of cocoa, one of the major evergreen tropical tree crops with significant economic importance worldwide, were investigated as a potential source of kraft pulp. This study determined the chemical composition, fiber dimensions, kraft pulp, and paper properties of the cocoa tree (Theobroma cacao L.) branches compared to the deciduous trees traditionally used in the paper industry. A handsheet of cocoa pulp showed promising results with narrow fiber length distribution, high paper density, and high mechanical strength. The yiel

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Suprapto, Muhamad Eza, Santi Rosniawaty, and Mira Ariyanti. "Pengaruh Pupuk Kompos Kulit Buah Kakao Dan Pupuk Tablet Terhadap Produksi Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)." Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 6, no. 1 (2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v6i1.76.

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Cocoa is one of the estate crop whose role is quite important for the national economy, particularly as a provider of employment, income and foreign exchange. The high export opportunities of cocoa beans has not been followed by the production of cocoa beans in Indonesian. The production of dried cacao beans in Indonesia is still low. The low productivity of seeds generally caused by Cherelle wilt of cacao. Wilting occurs due to inability of the cherelle to compete with the other cherelle in absorbing nutrients. Fertilization is an effort to maintain and fulfill the nutrients in the plants. Th

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3

Atangana, Alain R., Juvenal Zahoui Gnangoh, Allegra Kouassi Yao, Thomas d’Aquin Kouakou, Anatole Mian Ndri Nda, and Christophe Kouamé. "Rebuilding Tree Cover in Deforested Cocoa Landscapes in Côte d’Ivoire: Factors Affecting the Choice of Species Planted." Forests 12, no. 2 (2021): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12020198.

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Intensive cocoa production in Côte d’Ivoire, the world’s leading cocoa producer, has grown at the expense of forest cover. To reverse this trend, the country has adopted a “zero deforestation” agricultural policy and committed to rehabilitating its forest cover through the planting of high-value tree species in cocoa landscapes using a participatory approach. However, little is known regarding the factors influencing farmers’ introduction of high-value tree species to cocoa landscapes. We tested the hypothesis that ten previously reported factors to influence agroforestry system adoption to pr

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Fuentes, Sigfredo, Gabriela Chacon, Damir D. Torrico, Andrea Zarate, and Claudia Gonzalez Viejo. "Spatial Variability of Aroma Profiles of Cocoa Trees Obtained through Computer Vision and Machine Learning Modelling: A Cover Photography and High Spatial Remote Sensing Application." Sensors 19, no. 14 (2019): 3054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19143054.

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Cocoa is an important commodity crop, not only to produce chocolate, one of the most complex products from the sensory perspective, but one that commonly grows in developing countries close to the tropics. This paper presents novel techniques applied using cover photography and a novel computer application (VitiCanopy) to assess the canopy architecture of cocoa trees in a commercial plantation in Queensland, Australia. From the cocoa trees monitored, pod samples were collected, fermented, dried, and ground to obtain the aroma profile per tree using gas chromatography. The canopy architecture d

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Eso, Rosliana, La Ode Saifuddin, Sitti Kasmiati, et al. "Analisis Sifat Fisik dan Magnetik Tanah di Bawah Tegakkan Pohon Kakao, Pohon Kelapa dan Jambu Mete." BioWallacea : Jurnal Penelitian Biologi (Journal of Biological Research) 9, no. 2 (2022): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/biowallacea.v9i2.28544.

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This study aims to analyze the physical properties of soil, such as texture, color, temperature, moisture content, bulk density and permeability as well as the magnetic properties of the soil under a tree stand of cashew, coconut and cocoa. This research was conducted on mixed farms where there are cashew, coconut and cocoa trees close to each other. Samples were taken vertically from top soil to a depth of 100 cm. The results showed that the soil color and texture of the soil under cashew, coconut and cocoa trees tended to be the same considering the locations of these three trees were very c

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Ferreira, Diogo F., Alexandra Darling, Crinan Jarrett, et al. "Not all farms are created equal: Shady African cocoa farms promote a richer bat fauna." Biological Conservation 284 (June 7, 2023): 110191. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14818680.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Bats provide important pest suppression services with economic value to cocoa farmers, yet the impact of cocoa farm management on bat diversity metrics is still poorly understood. This is especially important if we consider that Afrotropical cocoa farms supply 68 % of the world's chocolate market, with expected increases in pro duction in the forthcoming decades. In this study, we investigated for the first time how bat abundance, richness and diversity varied between African cocoa farms with different levels of shade tree cover, shade tree c

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Adahé, Léontine N'guettia Abenan, Venance-Pâques Gniayou Kouadio, Emmanuel Joël N'gouan Abrou, et al. "Plant species diversity in cocoa and rubber tree landscapes in Côte d’Ivoire." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 17, no. 6 (2024): 2377–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v17i6.19.

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In Côte d’Ivoire, although slash and burn practice, particularly associated with cocoa and rubber farming, have greatly contributed to the degradation of forest cover and biodiversity loss. There is a dearth of studies documenting the latter. A study was conducted in the central-west and southern regions respectively with the objective to bridge this gap by assessing the diversity of trees species in cocoa and rubber landscapes. An inventory of tree species in eighteen cocoa and rubber plantations was conducted respectively in 45 plots of 400 m² each. Also, 15 plots of the same area were delim

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8

Numbisi, Frederick N., Dieudonne Alemagi, Ann Degrande, and Frieke Van Coillie. "Farm Rejuvenation-Induced Changes in Tree Spatial Pattern and Live Biomass Species of Cocoa Agroforests in Central Cameroon: Insights for Tree Conservation Incentives in Cocoa Landscapes." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (2021): 8483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158483.

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Cocoa agroforests sustain ecosystem services (ESs) to varying degrees. These services are otherwise mostly provided by other non-cocoa shade or companion trees. However, the density of shade trees is associated with services and/or disservices that drive farm-specific tree management successions. Considering the growing impacts of climate crisis on farm productivity and the need for adaptation strategies, the ESs are increasingly provisional and contingent on the prevailing vegetation, land tenure, and management successions, amongst others social and ecological factors. To assess the temporal

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9

Kouassi, Jean-Luc, Allegra Kouassi, Yeboi Bene, Dieudonné Konan, Ebagnerin J. Tondoh, and Christophe Kouame. "Exploring Barriers to Agroforestry Adoption by Cocoa Farmers in South-Western Côte d’Ivoire." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (2021): 13075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313075.

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Agroforestry is part of the package of good agricultural practices (GAPs) referred to as a reference to basic environmental and operational conditions necessary for the safe, healthy, and sustainable production of cocoa. Furthermore, cocoa agroforestry is one of the most effective nature-based solutions to address global change including land degradation, nutrient depletion, climate change, biodiversity loss, food and nutrition insecurity, and rural poverty and current cocoa supply chain issues. This study was carried out in South-Western Côte d’Ivoire through a household survey to assess the

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Jérémie, Gala Bi Trazié, Bohoussou N’Dri Yves, Akotto Odi Faustin, and Yao-Kouamé Albert. "Impact Des Arbres Associés Sur L’exploitation Cacaoyère Dans Les Zones De Transition ForêtSavane : Cas De M’Brimbo (Centre-Sud De La Côte d’Ivoire)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 1 (2017): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n1p164.

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Despite its status as the first world's cocoa producer, the cocoa production system in Côte d'Ivoire remains characterized by low yields. To solve this problem, a study was carried out on the cocoa farms of the Agricultural Society of Bandama, in southern center of Côte d'Ivoire, in the forest and savannah transition zone. It focused on determining the impact of associated forest species in cocoa farms on cocoa tree development. Thus, the associated tree species have been inventoried. The number of associated species per hectare allowed classification of the cocoa farm according to the degree

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Oliveira, Sandra, Jessica E. Raneri, and Stephan F. Weise. "Assessing Biodiversity Conditions in Cocoa Agroforests with a Rapid Assessment Method: Outcomes from a Large-Scale Application in Ghana." Diversity 15, no. 4 (2023): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15040503.

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Cocoa fields in West Africa traditionally kept other tree species to provide shade for cocoa trees and obtain food and other products. Measuring other trees is paramount to monitoring environmental conditions in cocoa agroforests, but it has been difficult to apply at a large scale. This study presents the results of a rapid assessment method applied in Ghana, developed to measure non-cocoa tree characteristics based on easily observed parameters using sample surveys and mapping tools. We collected data from over 8700 cocoa farms and evaluated their biodiversity performance based on 6 indicato

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12

Nurafiza, A., Y. K. Tee, M. Boney, L. S. Albert, O. Rozita, and I. Isa. "Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Content Partitioning of Cocoa Tree Parts in Serian, Sarawak." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 33, no. 3 (2017): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v33i3.292.

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Many claim that commodity plantations release carbon stock and thus contribute to climate change effects. Yet, studies on cocoa carbon stock and nutrients are limited, especially in Malaysia therefore, objective of this study was to determine if there were any significant differences of carbon stock in five different tree parts of cocoa, namely branches, main stem, main roots, fibrous roots, and leaves. Twenty cocoa trees (aged 10 years old) at Kpg Muara Ahi, Serian Sarawak were destructively sampled in March, 2016, and cut into five tree compartments prior to analysis by using CHN and AAS Ana

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13

Baidoo, Clement, Bob Offei Manteaw, and Yaw Agyeman Boafo. "Assessing the Potential Benefits and Challenges of Cocoa Agroforestry Adoption in Ghana’s Western-North Region." Journal of Sustainable Development 16, no. 5 (2023): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v16n5p47.

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This study explores the potential benefits and challenges of cocoa agroforestry adoption in five Theobroma cacao-growing communities in Ghana&rsquo;s Western-north region. Cocoa agroforestry is a farming practice that combines cocoa cultivation with tree planting. It is an essential approach to mitigate the effects of climate change, reduce forest loss, and alleviate poverty; however, its adoption is not widespread within Ghanaian farming communities. The study used a mixed-method approach, including a semi-structured questionnaire (n = 150), interviews, and focus group discussions to gath

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14

Bwambale Bisereko, Blasio, Godfrey Sseremba, and Julius Mwine. "Disease prevalence and shade tree diversity in smallholder cocoa (Theobroma cacao) farms: case of Bundibugyo District, Western Uganda." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 9, no. 02 (2021): 330–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v9i02.ah01.

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Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) growing systems in Uganda consists of shade systems with different tree species. Tree shade systems are the pure stand trees in the cocoa plantation which have been attributed towards reducing on pests and disease incidences, shade provision, boosting fertility, Agro biodiversity, fodder and improving production. The study was aimed at identifying potential shade tree species that can minimize disease threats on cocoa farms. Eighty-two cocoa farmers were reached out of 120 cocoa farmers in Bundibugyo that possessed at least five acres of the plantation in a purposive sa

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15

Delgado-Nuñez, Victor H., and J. Angel Saavedra. "SUNLIGHT ATTENUATION AND NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR COCOA PLANTATIONS." HortScience 28, no. 5 (1993): 560b—560. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.560b.

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Two levels of natural sunlight attenuation and three levels of fertilizer were evaluated on five-year-old cocoa trees growing under field conditions. Sunlight effect was evaluated by comparing two densities of shade trees, Gliricidia sepium: 4×4 m and 8×4 m, allowing aproximately 25% and 50% of full sunlight (2000 μmol-2 s-1), respectively. The amount of soil-applied, fertilizer was 0 (control), 700, and 1000 g tree-1 year-1 17-17-17 (N-P-K) applied twice a year. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a split-plot design.Shade density of 8×4 m yielded the best dry cocoa bean production per ha.

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Evizal, Rusdi, and Fembriarti Erry Prasmatiwi. "Struktur Agroforestri Kakao Muda dan Penerimaan Petani di Desa Sidomulyo Kecamatan Air Naningan, Tanggamus." JURNAL AGROTROPIKA 22, no. 2 (2023): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/ja.v22i2.7488.

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The successful adaptation of cocoa clones from Sulawesi in Lampung Province, especially since the release of the MCC clone in 2015, has increased farmers' interest in rehabilitating cocoa plantations, carrying out cloning and replanting using these superior clones. This study aims to study the structure of young cocoa agroforestry vegetation and farmer income in Air Naningan District, Tanggamus Regency.The research was conducted using a survey method. The sample agroforestry gardens selected purposively as models were young agroforests with complex vegetation structures and agroforests with si

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17

Molina, Misael, and Marina Mazon. "Agrolandscape structure and damage caused by red squirrels to cocoa pods." Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia 39, no. 4 (2022): e223951. http://dx.doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v39.n4.06.

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Cocoa is a strategic resource because it hosts high biodiversity, and it is a reliable source of foreign exchange. In Venezuela, fungi and red squirrels mainly affect its productivity. The objective was to evaluate the influence of the cocoa crop structure on the level of damage caused by red squirrels on the pods. The vegetation structure was defined in 15 farms assessing the cocoa tree biomass, the magnitude of shade tree cover, number of associated crops, presence of alternative fruit trees, and the type of ecological succession present in the surrounding. The % of damage was calculated, an

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18

Young, Allen M. "Habitat differences in cocoa tree flowering, fruit-set, and pollinator availability in Costa Rica." Journal of Tropical Ecology 2, no. 2 (1986): 163–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400000754.

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ABSTRACTPhenological patterns of flowering and fruit-set were studied in cocoa trees (Theobroma cacao) (Sterculiaceae) at monthly intervals in two contrasting habitats in Costa Rica for a one-year period. One of these habitats, a well-maintained plantation, had irregular and broken shade cover {Erythrinatrees in particular) while in the other habitat, a ‘cocoa forest’, cocoa trees were heavily shaded byHuara crepitans(Euphorbiaceae). ‘Matina’ variety cocoa trees of about the same age (50–60 years) were censused in both habitats. Cocoa-pollinating midge (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae and Cecidomyiid

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Atkins, Jane E., and Ivan Eastin. "Seeing the trees: Farmer perceptions of indigenous forest trees within the cultivated cocoa landscape." Forestry Chronicle 88, no. 05 (2012): 535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2012-102.

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Throughout Ghana’s high forest zone, cocoa farmers clear secondary or primary forest to establish new farms, capturing the capacity of nutrient-rich forest soils to increase cocoa yields. However, many cocoa farmers preserve remnant forest trees on existing farms as an integral and necessary component of the production landscape, making decisions about tree removal and tree retention based on a unique set of selection criteria. How they perceive trees plays a crucial role in daily management decisions made at the micro level, which in turn influence landscape patterns on the macro level. The c

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20

Sitohang, Ramces, Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra, and Cahyo Wulandari. "The improvement of microclimate and soil characteristics in cocoa-tree agroforestry patterns." Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science) 7, no. 1 (2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ipas.67292.

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Shade trees are used in agroforestry pattern for production and service aspects. Cocoa-tree agroforestry pattern is expected to improve atmospheric and rhizosphere zone in cacao plantations. However, the information related to this is still quite limited. This study was conducted using a nested design, with types of shade trees as nest. Shade trees used were Falcataria moluccana, Cocos nucifera, and Cassia spectabilis, and without shade was used as control. Variables observed were light, air temperature, humidity, soil temperature, soil texture, bulk density, permeability, and moisture content

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Edo-Taiwo, O., and M. S. O. Aisien. "Parasitic helminth fauna of tree frogs from cocoa plantations at Ugboke, Edo State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Life Sciences (ISSN: 2276-7029) 11, no. 1 (2021): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52417/njls.v11i1.13.

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Cocoa pods are vulnerable to pest and diseases which often cause huge financial losses to farmers. To address this challenge and improve yield, cocoa farmers often resort to pesticide application on the cocoa trees. This leads to deposition of pesticides residues on the cocoa trees, the undergrowth and plantations floor with devastating consequences for amphibians including tree frogs. Previous studies have reported the immune suppressive nature of pesticides on anurans thereby rendering them more susceptible to infection. This study is part of an on-going investigation of the effect of pestic

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Kotala, Sarmawaty, Indrayani Sima Sima, Nurainy Kaliky, and Salma Samputri. "Studi Keanekaragaman Lichen Pada Pohon Pala, Cengkeh, Dan Coklat Di Perkebunan Rakyat Desa Ureng Kecamatan Leihitu." Biosel Biology Science and Education 10, no. 2 (2021): 112–20. https://doi.org/10.33477/bs.v10i2.1801.

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Ureng village has the high biodiversity. One of which them are many groups of Lichen. This research aims was to determine the diversity of lichenes species and the diversity of thallus lichenes form in nutmeg, clove, and cocoa coffee plantation of Ureng Village. The research was done in clove, cocoa, and nutmeg of Ureng Village, Leihitu District, Maluku. The method this research was exploration method and sampling using purposive method. Lichen specimen founded was identification at MIPA IAIN Ambon Laboratory. The results this research were founded 53 species, including 19 familia. Twenty seve

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23

Goñas, Malluri, Nilton B. Rojas-Briceño, Cristian Culqui-Gaslac, et al. "Carbon Sequestration in Fine Aroma Cocoa Agroforestry Systems in Amazonas, Peru." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (2022): 9739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159739.

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One way to mitigate climate change is by reducing atmospheric CO2 levels with the establishment of agroforestry systems (AFSs) that can capture and store atmospheric CO2. This study therefore estimated the carbon sequestration in two components, aboveground (cocoa trees, other tree species, and leaf litter) and soil, in 15 fine aroma cocoa AFSs in Amazonas, Peru. These cocoa AFSs had a minimum area of 1.5 ha and were distributed into three age groups (each group consisted of five systems or farms): young cocoa trees between 8 and 15 years old, middle-aged cocoa trees between 16 and 29 years ol

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Assi, Evelyne Gévère Marise, Acka Jacques Alain Kotaix, Houphoue N’guessan Félix Djatti, Kouakou Stanislas Koffi, Boguinard Brigitte Guiraud, and Caudou Trébissou. "Soil fertility of cocoa trees (Theobroma cacao L.) under cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) shade in south central Côte d'Ivoire." Journal of Applied Biosciences 204 (January 31, 2025): 21650. https://doi.org/10.35759/jabs.205.5.

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Objective: To protect young cocoa trees in climate change context marked by drought and lack of arable land, and diversify shade trees for cocoa, cassava was proposed as shade. To enhance this association, a study was carried out to determine the influence of shade types on soil fertility under cocoa trees. Methodology and results: A physico-chemical analysis of soil samples from cocoa trees shaded by one line, two lines of cassava and one line of banana trees was carried out. In physical terms, results showed that soil texture is silty-clayey-sandy, whatever the type of shading. Organic matte

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Conceição, Eltamara Souza da, Terezinha Maria Castro Della Lucia, Antonio De Oliveira Costa Neto, Érica Dos Santos Araújo, Elmo Borges de A. Koch, and Jacques Hubert Charles Delabie. "Ant Community Evolution According to Aging in Brazilian Cocoa Tree Plantations." Sociobiology 66, no. 1 (2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v66i1.2705.

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Agriculture is frequently held accountable for the depletion of biotic diversity, although a few agroforestry systems support the conservation of a number of organisms. Cocoa farming is noteworthy as an example of an agricultural activity that benefits or maintains species richness. However, the mechanism by which the biodiversity persists throughout the entire process of plant development remains obscure. In Southeastern Bahia, Brazil, cacao tree plantations support the conservation of a large amount of organisms native to the Atlantic Forest, between them the ants. This study aims at recordi

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Oracz, Joanna, and Dorota Żyżelewicz. "Antioxidants in Cocoa." Antioxidants 9, no. 12 (2020): 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121230.

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Gopaulchan, David, Lambert A. Motilal, Rena K. Kalloo, et al. "Genetic diversity and ancestry of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in Dominica revealed by single nucleotide polymorphism markers." Genome 63, no. 12 (2020): 583–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2019-0214.

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Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), an introduced tree crop in Dominica, is important for foreign exchange earnings from fine or flavour cocoa. The genetic structure of farmed cacao in Dominica was examined to identify varieties for conservation, breeding, and propagation to improve their cocoa industry. Cacao trees (156) from 73 sites over seven geographical regions were genotyped at 192 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Identity, regional differentiation, phylogenetic, multi-variate, ancestry, and core collection analyses were performed. Farmed cacao germplasm had moderate gene diversity

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Jaimez, Ramón E., Luigy Barragan, Miguel Fernández-Niño, Oswaldo J. Larreal B, and Byron Flores. "Pod Production Dynamics and Pod Size Distribution of Theobroma cacao L. Clone CCN 51 in Full Sunlight." International Journal of Agronomy 2024 (February 13, 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/4242270.

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Cacao fruit production dynamics vary from one location to another and are conditioned by the number of pods produced per tree. During cocoa pod development, the strength of the carbon sink varies depending on the demand exerted by the pods, which is proportional to the size. The relationship between cocoa pod production dynamics and size distribution is still poorly understood. Dissecting this relationship is an important step toward further improving cocoa crop management. In this study, the annual yield dynamics and quantity of cocoa pods produced by popular, highly productive, and widesprea

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Yulianti, Tria, Soetanto Abdoellah, Didik Suprayogo, and Niken Puspita Sari. "Cocoa Production as Affected by Shade Tree Species and Soil Quality." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 34, no. 2 (2018): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v34i2.316.

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Cocoa is one of the agricultural commodities that have important role and are reliable in realizing agricultural development program of Indonesia. The cocoaproduction of Indonesia tends to decrease that caused by in appropriate farming. This research aimed to evaluate the shade management to cocoa productivity and evaluating the correlation between soil quality and the cocoa production with the different shade management. This research was conducted from October 2016 until June 2017 in Kaliwining Experimental Station and Soil Laboratory of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI)

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Kouassi, Affoué Tatiana, Adjoua Christiane Eunice Boko, Sika Hortense Blei, Djédoux Maxime Angaman, and Yao Sadaiou Sabas Barima. "Influence of Shade in Cocoa Agroforestry Systems on Physicochemical and Functional Characteristics of Cocoa Beans in Bonon, Central-West Côte d’Ivoire." International Journal of Food Science 2024 (March 6, 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/1543904.

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Côte d’Ivoire remains the world’s leading producer of cocoa beans. However, cocoa farming is now recognized as a primary cause of deforestation in the country. To combat deforestation, the Ivorian government recently advocates for agroforestry, a farming technique involving the cultivation of cocoa trees with fruit or forest trees. Yet, the impact of these associated trees and their shade on the quality of produced cocoa beans remains relatively unknown. This study is aimed at evaluating the influence of tree shade in cocoa farms on the quality of cocoa beans produced in the Bonon area. Morpho

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Lilis, Lilis, Rahmiana Rahmiana, Isnaeni Isnaeni, Virna Virna, Nurul Hikma, and Syahruni Thamrin. "SARUNGISASI BUAH KAKAO KLON MCC01 DAN MCC 02 DI KABUPATEN SOPPENG SULAWESI SELATAN." Agroplantae: Jurnal Ilmiah Terapan Budidaya dan Pengelolaan Tanaman Pertanian dan Perkebunan 11, no. 2 (2022): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.51978/agro.v11i2.460.

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Cocoa production in South Sulawesi decreases from year to year one of the causes due to the attack of cocoa borer pests. The observations aimed to find out the effect of condomizing on MCC 01 and MCC 02, and to see which clones were resistant and more susceptible to PBK pest attacks through condomizing. The method of determining respondents is done deliberately and the determination of samples by determining cocoa tree samples deliberately by choosing a healthy tree and then condomized and without condemned by marking each sample tree. The results showed that condomizing can reduce cocoa fruit

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Escobar-Garcia, Hector Alonso, Daniel Junior de Andrade, Jennifer J. Beard, and Ronald Ochoa. "Peacock mites on cocoa in Peru (Acari: Tuckerellidae: Tuckerella): their economic importance and a key to species." Systematic and Applied Acarology 26, no. 3 (2021): 519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.26.3.2.

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Seeds from the cocoa tree, Theobroma cacao L. (Malvaceae), make up the raw materials for cocoa which is used to produce chocolate. In Peru, cocoa is produced mainly by smallholder farmers under a small-scale agriculture model. During March and September 2020, surveys of organic smallholding farms were conducted in four Districts of the Department of Piura in northwestern Peru. Three species of the family Tuckerellidae (peacock mites) were collected and identified from this region in Peru: namely Tuckerella ornata (Tucker), Tu. pavoniformis (Ewing), and Tu. knorri Baker & Tuttle. In this ar

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Delgado-Nuñez, Victor H., and J. Angel Saavedra. "NATURAL RECYCLING OF NUTRIENTS vs. CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS ON SHADED COCOA PLANTATIONS." HortScience 28, no. 5 (1993): 505c—505. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.505c.

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Eight-year-old cocoa trees growing under shade of different tree species were treated during three years with foliar and soil fertilizers and compared to non fertilized trees. We hypothesize that non fertilized trees under shade condition recycle their own nutrients by using fallen foliage from the shade trees and, in a fertile soil, they do not need addition of chemical fertilizers. Eight treatments, selected from growers' technology were evaluated under a randomized complete block design with 4 replications and 12 trees per experimental unit. Fertilized treatments did not differ from the non

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Evizal, R., and F. E. Prasmatiwi. "Bananas Intercropping Effects on Cocoa Yield and Land Productivity." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1417, no. 1 (2024): 012004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1417/1/012004.

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Abstract Bananas are commonly used as intercrops to generate income and provide shade for cocoa plantation. In this study conducted from October 2023 to February 2024 in the Tanggamus District of Lampung Province, Indonesia, researchers analysed the impact of bananas intercropping on cocoa yield and land productivity (combined yield of cocoa and bananas). The study focused on three purposively selected sub-districts: Air Naningan, Pugung, and Pulau Panggung—key cocoa production areas. From each sub-district, a village (Sumberejo, Tangkit Serdang, and Way Ilahan) was chosen, and a farmer group

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Adjaloo, M. K., W. Oduro, and B. K. Banful. "Floral Phenology of Upper Amazon Cocoa Trees: Implications for Reproduction and Productivity of Cocoa." ISRN Agronomy 2012 (July 16, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/461674.

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A study of the floral phenology of cocoa trees was carried out between 2006 and 2008 at Kubease in the Ashanti Region of Ghana, using one hundred cocoa trees from ten farm plots. The objective was to assess the contribution of floral phenology to the productivity of cocoa. Cocoa like all tropical tree species exhibited seasonally-related phenological patterns involving overlapping cycles under both intrinsic and extrinsic controls. However, unlike most tropical plants, flowering was in the rainy season. The production of new pods or cherelles increased during the major rainy season (June, July

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Lubis, Sutan Tarmizi, Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra, and Budiastuti Kurniasih. "Anatomical characteristics of cocoa plant roots as affected by the levels of calcium fertilization." Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science) 7, no. 2 (2022): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ipas.69842.

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Cocoa plant (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of good annual crops grown in Indonesia. The disadvantages and advantages of Ca in plants can affect morphology and anatomy in plants. This research aimed to identify the effect of Ca on the anatomical performance of the roots of cocoa plants and determine the optimal dose of Ca for the anatomical characteristics of the roots of cocoa plant. The research was conducted at the cocoa plantation owned by PT. Pagilaran at North Segayung Production Unit, Tulis Subdistrict, Batang Regency, Central Java, in October 2019 – February 2021. The observation of root a

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Motilal, Lambert A., Dapeng Zhang, Pathmanathan Umaharan, Sue Mischke, Stephen Pinney, and Lyndel W. Meinhardt. "Microsatellite fingerprinting in the International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad: accession and plot homogeneity information for germplasm management." Plant Genetic Resources 9, no. 3 (2011): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147926211100058x.

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The International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad, is the largest field genebank collection of cacao (Theobroma cacaoL.) in the public domain and the correct identity of each tree is crucial for germplasm movement, evaluation and phenotypic characterization. Nine microsatellite loci were used to assess the identity of 1477 trees from 486 cacao accessions representing approximately 16.9% of the trees and 29.2% of the accessions within the genebank. Heterogeneous plots (plots containing more than one genotype group) averaged 25.1% in The International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad, with maximal admixture (3

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Ridwan, Andi, Ahdin Gassa, and Tamrin Abdullah. "APLIKASI Dolichoderus sp. UNTUK PENGENDALIAN Helopeltis spp. PADA TANAMAN KAKAO." Agroplantae: Jurnal Ilmiah Terapan Budidaya dan Pengelolaan Tanaman Pertanian dan Perkebunan 9, no. 1 (2020): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51978/agro.v9i1.99.

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ABSTRAK  An activity which aim to improve the Dolichoderus sp function in controlled Helopeltis spp which has been implemented in public cocoa garden. The activity is set two artificial nest each at two contrast side on cocoa branch. Result of study is show that cocoa tree after three months of the artificial nest installation the level of Helopeltis spp attack is run in to lower is being 8,86% by first time before artificial nest installation the level of Helopeltis attack is 46,6%. The artificial nest is very help to increase the Dolichoderus sp population. Which knowing as the predato

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Setyawan, Bayu, and Agung Wahyu Susilo. "Selection of Prospective Drought-Tolerant Cocoa Hybrids Based on Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction Analyses." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 33, no. 2 (2017): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v33i2.262.

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Global warming impact in increasing temperature and becomes threat for cocoa production because growth of cocoa depends on the amount of water available in the environment. The objective of this study was to describe cocoa hybrid that may potentially be developed as drought-resistant cocoa hybrid. The study used 14 types of cocoa hybrids and ICCRI 06H as control. Those plants were approximately 4 years old and the hybrids were planted in Sumber Asin Experimental Station and Kendeng Lembu Plantation. The variables being observed to evaluate 2015 El-Nino effect were percentage of growing plants,

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Mada DOUMBIA, Ollo SIB, Yao Anicet Gervais KOUAME, Senan SORO, N’Guessan Lucie YEBOUE, and Karidia TRAORE. "Importance, diversity and economic value of trees associated with cocoa trees in different agroforestry systems." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 24, no. 2 (2024): 2423–39. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.24.2.3482.

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The expansion of cocoa cultivation in Côte d'Ivoire, although crucial to the national economy, has been at the expense of forest cover, leading to massive deforestation, loss of biodiversity and degradation of essential ecosystem services. Cocoa-based agroforestry systems (SAFc), incorporating shade trees, are increasingly being promoted as a sustainable solution for reconciling agricultural productivity and environmental conservation. This study aimed to (1) characterise the floristic diversity of shade trees associated with cocoa trees in different SAFc in the Nawa region; (2) assess the str

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Mada, DOUMBIA, SIB Ollo, Anicet Gervais KOUAME Yao, SORO Senan, Lucie YEBOUE N'Guessan, and TRAORE Karidia. "Importance, diversity and economic value of trees associated with cocoa trees in different agroforestry systems." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 24, no. 2 (2024): 2423–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15124078.

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The expansion of cocoa cultivation in Côte d'Ivoire, although crucial to the national economy, has been at the expense of forest cover, leading to massive deforestation, loss of biodiversity and degradation of essential ecosystem services. Cocoa-based agroforestry systems (SAFc), incorporating shade trees, are increasingly being promoted as a sustainable solution for reconciling agricultural productivity and environmental conservation. This study aimed to (1) characterise the floristic diversity of shade trees associated with cocoa trees in different SAFc in the Nawa region; (2) assess t

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Horgli, Agbenyegah Kwami, Akwasi Mensah-Bonsu, and Samuel Adjei-Nsiah. "Optimal land resource allocation for tree crop enterprises among farmers in the eastern region of Ghana: A target MOTAD linear programming analysis." African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 19, no. 4 (2024): 353–68. https://doi.org/10.53936/afjare.2024.19(4).21.

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This paper examines the optimal land resource allocation for tree crop enterprises in the Eastern region of Ghana based on data collected from sampled cocoa, oil palm and rubber farmers. The estimated net present value (NPV) and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) revealed that cocoa production was the most profitable and rubber production the least profitable. The target MOTAD linear programming (LP) profit-maximising enterprise combination allocated 73.9% and 26.1% of the average land to cocoa and oil palm production, respectively, and nothing to rubber, with an NPV of USD 262.70/ha. However, sensitivi

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V, Jegadeeswari, K. R. Vijayalatha, K. Padmadevi, M. Mohanalakshmi, G. Sidhdharth, and J. Kalaivani. "Effect of Different Spacing Levels on Yield and Yield Contributing Characters in Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 30, no. 6 (2024): 671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62085.

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The experiment titled "Effect of different spacing levels on yield and yield contributing characters in cocoa" was conducted at the Coconut Farm of the Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Utilizing a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with eight treatments replicated three times, the study aimed to investigate the impact of spacing levels on cocoa yield traits. The treatments involved in the experiment included a double row of cocoa planted between two rows of coconut trees, with spacing configurations as follows: T1 (3m x 1.2m), T2 (3m x 2m

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C.Prabakaran. "PRESENT STATUS OF 'C' SEQUESTRATION IN COCOA PLANTATIONS- A MINI REVIEW." Multilogic in science XIII, no. XXXXVI (2023): 719–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7878907.

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The total area under agroforestry in the world is estimated as one billion ha. The Cocoa crop is cultivated in agroforestry systems together with many tree species and other crop plants on the same plot. Carbon stocks in shaded agroforestry systems with perennial crops—such as coffee, rubber, and cocoa—may vary between 12 and 228 Mg ha−1 and could help to mitigate climate change. The contribution of cocoa for sustainable production and the provision of ecosystem services (including carbon sequestration to abate climate change) at the landscape level has been explored in terms

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Karim, Harli A., and Haeruddin Haeruddin. "Peningkatan Pendapatan Petani Melalui Integrasi Kakao-Ternak Kambing di Desa Tapango Barat Kecamatan Tapango Kabupaten Polewali Mandar Provinsi Sulawesi Barat." Jurnal Indonesia Mengabdi 1, no. 1 (2019): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30599/jimi.v1i1.448.

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Efforts to increase the opinion of the people of Tapango Barat Village, especially partner communities, need attention. Increasing the ability of farmers to manage their land can be one way to improve the lives of partners. Integrated cocoa-goat livestock activities can increase farmers' income. Plant fertilizer needs can be obtained from the results of manure so that farmers do not need to pay for buying chemical fertilizers, besides being expensive, they are also less environmentally friendly. In addition, goats get feed from the results of cocoa leaf trimming and protective trees which are

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OGUNKUNLE, Clement O., and Olusegun O. AWOTOYE. "Soil Fertility Status under Different Tree Cropping System in a Southwestern Zone of Nigeria." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 3, no. 2 (2011): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb326050.

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Tree cropping has been known to bring about changes in edaphic component among other components of the ecosystem through their interactions with the soil and soil faunas. Premised on this, this study assessed the effects of sole cropping of teak and intercropping of cocoa and kola on the soil fertility status. The study was carried out using stratified-randomed sampling technique for the study plots in all the sampling sites. Three sampling sites consisting of four (4)-4oo m2 sampling plots each were established in which vegetation and some soil parameters were assessed. Results analysis showe

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Ghanem, Eman Moh’d Said. "Nature Voices in Herman Melville’s Typee: The Cocoa-Nut Trees." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 13, no. 8 (2023): 2107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1308.27.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the representation of cocoa-nut trees in Herman Melville’s Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life (1846). With the rise of adverse effects of environmental crisis and climate change, calls for action on environment due to its status quo have attracted scholarly attention including the study of literature in lights of environmental humanities. Furthermore, writers have used nature with its diverse elements to contribute into the thematic and narrative structure of their writing. In specific, this study attempts through a close reading of Typee to analyze the co

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Otsuka, Keijiro, Agnes R. Quisumbing, Ellen Payongayong, and J. B. Aidoo. "Land tenure and the management of land and trees: the case of customary land tenure areas of Ghana." Environment and Development Economics 8, no. 1 (2003): 77–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x03000056.

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This study explores the effects of land tenure institutions on land use and management using household date from cocoa growing areas of Ghana. Various land tenure institutions with different land rights coexist in our sites, such as allocated family land, inherited land, appropriated village land, and land received as gift. While tree planting and the decision to leave land fallow may be affected by land tenure status, there are no significant differences in labor allocation and revenue of both cocoa and food crops among parcels under different land tenure institutions. These results support t

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Linovskaya, N. V., and S. L. Beletskiy. "Application of microfocus radiography to assess the quality of cocoa beans." Tovaroved prodovolstvennykh tovarov (Commodity specialist of food products), no. 12 (December 5, 2024): 733–36. https://doi.org/10.33920/igt-01-2412-07.

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Manufacturers of cocoa products control the quality of cocoa beans purchased under a contract in accordance with GOST ISO 1114-2014 “Cocoa beans. Control by cutting”. The standardized method is quite labor intensive. In order to develop a project to simplify the system for assessing the quality of cocoa tree beans, the authors carried out a cluster sample from a retail chain. Cocoa beans were manually separated into groups according to their external defects. A non-destructive microfocus radiography method was used to assess the quality indicators of cocoa beans.

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Zakariyya, Fakhrusy, and Adi Prawoto. "Stomatal Conductance and Chlorophyll Characteristics and Their Relationship with Yield of Some Cocoa Clones Under Tectona grandis, Leucaena sp., and Cassia surattensis." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 31, no. 2 (2015): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v31i2.165.

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An optimum physiological condition will support high yield and quality of cocoa production. The research was aimed to study the effects of stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content related to cocoa production under three shade regimes.This research was conducted in Kaliwining Experimental Station, elevation of 45 m above sea level with D climate type based on Schmidt & Fergusson. Cocoa trees which were planted in 1994 at a spacing of 3 X 3 m were used in the study planted by using split plot design. The shade tree species were teak (Tectona grandis), krete (Cassiasurattensis), and lamto

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