Academic literature on the topic 'COCOMO MODEL'

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Journal articles on the topic "COCOMO MODEL"

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Chhabra, Sonia, and Harvir Singh. "Optimizing Design of Fuzzy Model for Software Cost Estimation Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm." International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications 19, no. 01 (2020): 2050005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1469026820500054.

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Estimation of software cost and effort is of prime importance in software development process. Accurate and reliable estimation plays a vital role in successful completion of the project. To estimate software cost, various techniques have been used. Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) is amongst most prominent algorithmic model used for cost estimation. Different versions of COCOMO consider different types of parameters affecting overall cost. Parameters involved in estimation using COCOMO possess vagueness which introduces some degree of uncertainty in algorithmic modelling. The concept of fuzzy
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Manas Prasad Rout. "Advanced Machine Learning Software Cost Prediction Model using AdaBoost and COCOMO Cost Parameters." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 49s (2025): 1266–72. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i49s.10128.

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Playing a pivotal role in software development, the Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) offers a systematic and structured approach to cost estimation. It stands as a widely utilized model, aiding project managers in estimating the required effort, time, and cost for software development projects. COCOMO takes into consideration diverse factors, including the project's size, complexity, and the experience of the development team. The utilization of COCOMO empowers software development teams to make informed decisions related to resource allocation, project scheduling, and budgeting. Its applicati
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DANEVA, MAYA. "UNCERTAIN CONTEXT FACTORS IN ERP PROJECT ESTIMATION ARE AN ASSET: INSIGHTS FROM A SEMI-REPLICATION CASE STUDY IN A FINANCIAL SERVICES FIRM." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 21, no. 03 (2011): 389–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194011005335.

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This paper reports on the findings of a case study in a company in the financial services sector in which we replicated the use of a previously published approach to systematically balance the contextual uncertainties in the estimation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) projects. The approach is based on using three techniques, a parametric model, namely COCOMO II, a portfolio management model, and Monte Carlo simulations. We investigated (i) whether the adjustment of uncertain cost drivers in the COCOMO II model increases the chance of project success in a portfolio of ERP projects, (ii) w
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Brito, e. Abreu Fernando. "Modelo COCOMO: das origens à actualidade." Interface Abril 1998, no. 6 (1998): 10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6989103.

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<em>No primeiro de dois artigos sobre o modelo de estima&ccedil;&atilde;o COCOMO, analisam-se as motiva&ccedil;&otilde;es que levaram &agrave; sua proposta e apresentam-se os seus pressupostos, arquitectura global, equa&ccedil;&otilde;es b&aacute;sicas e tamb&eacute;m algumas das suas limita&ccedil;&otilde;es. Descreve-se resumidamente o conjunto de passos necess&aacute;rios para conceber um modelo de estima&ccedil;&atilde;o e d&aacute;-se conta de v&aacute;rios projectos patrocinados pela Comiss&atilde;o Europeia para suscitar a adop&ccedil;&atilde;o mais generalizada deste tipo de modelos. S
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Khuat, Thanh Tung, and My Hanh Le. "A Novel Technique of Optimization for the COCOMO II Model Parameters using Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization Algorithm." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2016.1.708.

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Software cost estimation is a critical activity in the development life cycle for controlling risks and planning project schedules. Accurate estimation of the cost before the start-up of a project is essential for both the developers and the customers. Therefore, many models were proposed to address this issue, in which COCOMO II has been being widely employed in actual software projects. Good estimation models, such as COCOMO II, can avoid insufficient resources being allocated to a project. However, parameters for estimation formula in this model have not been optimized yet, and so the estim
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Kholed, Langsari, Sarno Riyanarto, and Sholiq. "Optimizing Time and Effort Parameters of COCOMO II Using Fuzzy Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization." TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control 16, no. 5 (2018): 2199–207. https://doi.org/10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v16i5.9698.

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Estimating the efforts, costs, and schedules of software projects is a frequent challenge to software development projects. A bad estimation will result in bad management of a project. Various models of estimation have been defined to complete this estimate. The Constructive Cost Model II (COCOMO II) is one of the most famous models as a model for estimating efforts, costs, and schedules. To estimate the effort, cost, and schedule in project of software, the COCOMO II uses inputs: Effort Multiplier (EM), Scale Factor (SF), and Source Line of Code (SLOC). Evidently, this model is still lack in
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Ramadhan, As'ary. "Estimasi Pada Effort Perangkat Lunak dengan Pendekatan Feed Forward Neural Network Backpropagation (FFNN-BP)." Technologia: Jurnal Ilmiah 12, no. 2 (2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31602/tji.v12i2.4576.

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Estimasi biaya pengembangan proyek perangkat lunak merupakan salah satu masalah yang kritis dalam rekayasa perangkat lunak. Kegagalan dari proyek perangkat lunak diakibatkan ketidak akuratannya estimasi sumber daya yang dibutuhkan. Beberapa model telah dikembangkan dalam beberapa puluh tahun belakangan ini. Untuk meberikan keakuratan dalam estimasi biaya proyek perangkat lunak masih menjadi tantangan hingga saat ini. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini meningkatkan akurasi estimasi biaya proyek perangkat lunak dengan menerapkan algoritma genetika sebagai proses pelatihan pada Feed Forward Neura
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Kholed, Langsari, Sarno Riyanarto, and Sholiq. "Optimizing Effort Parameter of COCOMO II Using Particle Swarm Optimization Method." TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control 16, no. 5 (2018): 2208–16. https://doi.org/10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v16i5.9703.

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Estimating the effort and cost of software is an important activity for software project managers. A poor estimate (overestimates or underestimates) will result in poor software project management. To handle this problem, many researchers have proposed various models for estimating software cost. Constructive Cost Model II (COCOMO II) is one of the best known and widely used models for estimating software costs. To estimate the cost of a software project, the COCOMO II model uses software size, cost drivers, scale factors as inputs. However, this model is still lacking in terms of accuracy. To
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Attarzadeh, Iman, and Siew Hock Ow. "Proposing an Effective Artificial Neural Network Architecture to Improve the Precision of Software Cost Estimation Model." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 24, no. 06 (2014): 935–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194014500338.

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Software companies have to manage different software projects based on different time, cost, and manpower requirement, which is a very complex task in software project management. Accurate software estimates at the early phase of software development is one of the crucial objectives and a great challenge in software project management, in the last decades. Since software development attributes are vague and uncertain at the early phase of development, software estimates tend to a certain degree of estimation error. A software development cost estimation model incorporates soft computing techni
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Prabhanjali, B. "Optimizing Software Effort Estimation Models Using Enhancement of Firefly Algorithm." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 3 (2024): 2270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.59309.

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Abstract: Estimating the amount of work required in order to create software development is regarded as essential to the software development life cycle and to the control of project costs, schedules, and quality. As a result, precise estimation plays a critical role in project success and risk mitigation. Software effort estimation has drawn a lot of interest from scholars recently and presented a problem to the software business. Three COCOMO-based models' parameters are to be optimized using a metaheuristic method called improvement of Firefly Algorithm, which is proposed in this research.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "COCOMO MODEL"

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Hjalmarsson, Alexander. "Software Development Cost Estimation Using COCOMO II Based Meta Model." Thesis, KTH, Industriella informations- och styrsystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-123367.

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Large amounts of software are running on what is considered to be legacy platforms. These systems are often business critical and cannot be phased out without a proper replacement. The generations of developers that have developed, maintained and supported these systems are leaving the workforce leaving an estimated shortfall of developers in the near time. Migration of these legacy applications can be troublesome due poor documentation and estimating the sizes of the projects is nontrivial. Expert estimates are the most common method of estimation when it comes to software projects but the me
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Alshathry, Omar. "A regression-based model for optimising cost of software quality assurance." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4536.

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Chakraverti, Sugandha, Sheo Kumar, S. C. Agarwal, and Ashish Kumar Chakraverti. "Modified Cocomo Model For Maintenance cost Estimation of Real Time System Software." IJCSN, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219511.

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Software maintenance is an important activity in software engineering. Over the decades, software maintenance costs have been continually reported to account for a large majority of software costs [Zelkowitz 1979, Boehm 1981, McKee 1984, Boehm 1988, Erlikh 2000]. This fact is not surprising. On the one hand, software environments and requirements are constantly changing, which lead to new software system upgrades to keep pace with the changes. On the other hand, the economic benefits of software reuse have encouraged the software industry to reuse and enhance the existing systems ra
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Douglas, Michael Jay. "The impacts of the handoffs on software development : a cost estimation model." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001692.

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Lipkin, Ilya. "Testing Software Development Project Productivity Model." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1321593577.

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Fonseca, Filho José Raimundo dos Santos. "ESTIMAÇÃO DE MÉTRICAS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO AUXILIADA POR REDES NEURAIS ARTIFICIAIS." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2003. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/324.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T14:52:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Raimundo Fonseca.pdf: 3208998 bytes, checksum: 1d07c2f744a920df74b235bd4e1801f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-04-14<br>Several modeling approaches for the process of development in software engineering able of subsidizing decision making in the management of project are being searched. Metric of softwares, process modeling and estimation techniques have been independently considered either taking into consideration the intrinsic characteristic of softwares or their constructive process. This research propos
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Dufour, Partanen Bianca. "On the Valuation of Contingent Convertibles (CoCos): Analytically Tractable First Passage Time Model for Pricing AT1 CoCos." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188792.

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Contingent Convertibles (CoCos) are a new type of hybrid debt instrument characterized by forced equity conversion or write-down under a specified trigger event, usually indicating a state of near non-viability of the Additional Tier 1 capital category, giving them additional features such as possible coupon cancellation. In this thesis, the structure of CoCos is presented and different pricing approaches are introduced. A special focus is put on structural models with the Analytically Tractable First Passage Time(AT1P) Model and its extensions. Two models are applied on the write-down CoCo is
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FARIAS, Lourival Antonio Simões de. "Estudo da viabilidade de agroindustrialização do coco (cocos nucifera L.) em São Gonçalo, Sousa-PB." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2015. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/787.

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Submitted by Deyse Queiroz (deysequeirozz@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-23T14:52:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LOURIVAL ANTONIO SIMÕES DE FARIAS - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2015..pdf: 10079550 bytes, checksum: 58af2a33af68f236c4e05efeb4f7ee04 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-23T14:52:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LOURIVAL ANTONIO SIMÕES DE FARIAS - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2015..pdf: 10079550 bytes, checksum: 58af2a33af68f236c4e05efeb4f7ee04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03<br>O semiárido brasileiro é caracterizado por chuvas irregulares, alta evapotranspiração, elevadas temp
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Rankin, Erik. ""Önskar man hade två käftar och tre telefoner" : COCOM och kontroll inom flygledning." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-117603.

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Denna magisteruppsats redogör för en anpassning av COCOM (Contextual Control Model) till flygledningsdomänen. COCOM är en modell som kan användas för att beskriva och förutse kontroll hos operatörer i komplexa system. En central del av modellen är begreppet kontrollnivå vilket beskriver hur graden av kontroll hos ett JCS (Joint Cognitive System) beror av och påverkar de parametrar som beskriver dess prestation. Fokus i denna uppsats ligger på det JCS som omfattar flygledaren i sin arbetsposition. I uppsatsen anpassas Hollnagels generella beskrivning av kontrollnivåer i COCOM till flygledningsd
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González-Andrés, Cristina. "The role of marine offshore protected areas in protecting large pelagics. Practical case: Cocos Island National Park (Costa Rica)." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/115291.

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Books on the topic "COCOMO MODEL"

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Kouyaté-Ethui, Mamou. Optimal pricing model for primary commodities in developing countries: An application to the cocoa subsector in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Socio-economic Research and Planning Division, 1989.

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Njinkeu, Dominique. Supply response for cocoa in Cameroon. s.n., 1988.

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Penn, Alexandra. Integrating academic and vocational education: A model for secondary schools. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 1996.

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Gotsch, Nikolaus. Dynamic welfare effects of future biotechnical progress for perennial crops: A theoretical vintage model for different assumptions on supply shift and its application to Malaysian cocoa production. Wissenschaftsverlag Vauk, 1999.

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Trivedi, P. K. A model of cocoa replanting and new planting in Bahia, Brazil, 1966-85. International Economics Dept., World Bank, 1988.

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Panagariya, Arvind. Taxes versus quotas: The case of cocoa exports. Country Economics Dept., World Bank, 1991.

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Akiyama, T. Cocoa and coffee pricing policies in Côte d'Ivoire. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 1988.

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Titilola, Sunday O. An econometric model of Nigeria's agricultural sector with emphasis on the future of cocoa in the Nigerian economy (1970-1990). Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), 1997.

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A, Chuchel Bruce, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Principal facts, gravity profile, and interpreted geologic model for 128 gravity stations along a portion of a COCORP seismic profile on the Millett 1 by 2 degree quadrangle, Nevada. U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.

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A, Chuchel Bruce, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Principal facts, gravity profile, and interpreted geologic model for 128 gravity stations along a portion of a COCORP seismic profile on the Millett 1 by 2 degree quadrangle, Nevada. U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "COCOMO MODEL"

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Trendowicz, Adam, and Ross Jeffery. "Constructive Cost Model—COCOMO." In Software Project Effort Estimation. Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03629-8_9.

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Cooper, Ronnie E. "The Complete COCOMO Model: Basic, Intermediate, Detailed, and Incremental Versions for the Original, Enhanced, Ada, and Ada Process Models of COCOMO." In Cost Estimating and Analysis. Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2936-0_7.

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Idri, A., B. Griech, and A. El Iraki. "Towards an adaptation of the Cocomo cost model to the software measurement theory." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63531-9_37.

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Alshalif, Sarah Abdulkarem, Noraini Ibrahim, and Tutut Herawan. "Artificial Neural Network with Hyperbolic Tangent Activation Function to Improve the Accuracy of COCOMO II Model." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51281-5_9.

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Hussain, Sharraf, Shakeel A. Khoja, Nazish Hassan, and Parkash Lohana. "Effect of Schedule Compression on Project Effort in COCOMO II Model for Highly Compressed Schedule Ratings." In Wireless Networks, Information Processing and Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89853-5_22.

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Dalal, Surjeet, Neeraj Dahiya, and Vivek Jaglan. "Efficient Tuning of COCOMO Model Cost Drivers Through Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG) Nonlinear Optimization with Best-Fit Analysis." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6872-0_32.

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Pientka, Brigitte, and Ulrich Schöpp. "Semantical Analysis of Contextual Types." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45231-5_26.

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AbstractWe describe a category-theoretic semantics for a simply typed variant of Cocon, a contextual modal type theory where the box modality mediates between the weak function space that is used to represent higher-order abstract syntax (HOAS) trees and the strong function space that describes (recursive) computations about them. What makes Cocon different from standard type theories is the presence of first-class contexts and contextual objects to describe syntax trees that are closed with respect to a given context of assumptions. Following M. Hofmann’s work, we use a presheaf model to char
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De Spiegeleer, Jan, Ine Marquet, and Wim Schoutens. "Pricing Models for CoCos." In The Risk Management of Contingent Convertible (CoCo) Bonds. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01824-5_2.

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Boadi, Sylvester Afram, Aske Skovmand Bosselmann, Kwadwo Owusu, Richard Asare, and Mette Fog Olwig. "Household Economics of Cocoa Agroforestry: Costs and Benefits." In Agroforestry as Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45635-0_5.

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AbstractCurrent research suggests that cocoa agroforestry systems could offer stable yields, additional benefits and income from shade trees, despite potential added costs, such as from the purchase of insecticides. There is a paucity of profitability studies of different cocoa agroforestry systems. Only few of them go beyond a narrow focus on cocoa yields to model the entire agroforestry system and thus do not advance our understanding of the socio-economic value of other ecosystem goods. Based on survey data covering a thousand cocoa plots and group interviews with cocoa farmers, we explore
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Ren, Yongchang, and Zhe Li. "Cost Estimation of Software Projects Based on the COCOMOII Model." In Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-0211-7_20.

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Conference papers on the topic "COCOMO MODEL"

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Ge, Yate, Yi Dai, Run Shan, Kechun Li, Yuanda Hu, and Xiaohua Sun. "Cocobo: Exploring Large Language Models as the Engine for End-User Robot Programming." In 2024 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vl/hcc60511.2024.00020.

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Li, Jia-Rong, Teng-Wen Chang, Ching-Chih Chang, Hsin-Yi Huang, Cheng-Chun Hong, and Ya-Chen Chang. "CocoBot: Developing a Consent Communication Tool Based on Co-Evolutionary Model." In CAADRIA 2024: Accelerated Design. CAADRIA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2024.2.049.

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Rivera, José Antonio Menjivar, and Alicia María Reyes-Duke. "Convolutional Neural Network for the Detection of Cocoa Maturity with an Approach for the Analysis of Images Captured at Different Distances." In I Conferencia Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-jm3tgd.

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This study presents an approach to improve cocoa harvesting using image recognition technology. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) along with the help of the Roboflow platform were used to analyze images of cocoa fruits and determine their maturity stage in an uncontrolled environment. The study focused mainly on the effectiveness of taking pictures at different distances, dividing the images into three categories (0.10m-0.30m, 0.30m-1.00m and 1.00m-3.00m) each trained with 400 images in order to evaluate the performance of each one in terms of its mAP, precision and recall. Subsequently, a f
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Zambrano-Vega, Cristian, Darlyn Buenaño Vera, Washington Chiriboga Casanova, and Byron Oviedo. "Deep Learning-Based Computational Model for Disease Identification in Cocoa Pods." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Progress in Informatics and Computing (PIC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/pic62406.2024.10892748.

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Sharma R, Rajesh, Akey Sungheetha, Rajiv Gandhi K, Sasikala Rani, GGS Pradeep, and Ellappan V. "Segmentation of Medical Liver Image Diseases Using Improved Contextual Convolutional Neural Network (COCOn) Model." In 2024 First International Conference on Innovations in Communications, Electrical and Computer Engineering (ICICEC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icicec62498.2024.10809006.

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Srivastava, Prakhar. "Optimizing Cocoa Pod Harvest Timing Using the SIMPLE Model: Calibration and Performance Evaluation Across Colombian Regions." In 2025 Joint International Conference on Digital Arts, Media and Technology with ECTI Northern Section Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering (ECTI DAMT & NCON). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/ectidamtncon64748.2025.10962034.

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Thomas, Sania, and Jyothi Thomas. "Comparative Analysis of Non-Destructive Silkworm Cocoon Sex Classification using Machine Learning Models Based on X-Ray and Camera Images." In 2024 International Conference on Intelligent Algorithms for Computational Intelligence Systems (IACIS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iacis61494.2024.10721914.

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Verma, Aditya, and Preeti. "Calibrating Intermediate COCOMO Model Using Genetic Algorithm." In 2021 International Conference on Computing, Communication, and Intelligent Systems (ICCCIS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccis51004.2021.9397181.

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Sachan, Rohit Kumar, and Dharmender Singh Kushwaha. "Anti-Predatory NIA Based Approach for Optimizing Basic COCOMO Model." In 2020 10th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/confluence47617.2020.9058033.

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Thirumalai, Chandrasegar, R. R. Shridharshan, and L. Ranjith Reynold. "An assessment of halstead and COCOMO model for effort estimation." In 2017 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipact.2017.8245069.

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Reports on the topic "COCOMO MODEL"

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Boehm, Barry, and Walker Royce. Ada COCOMO and the Ada Process Model. Defense Technical Information Center, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada243476.

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Amanor, Kojo, Joseph Yaro, and Joseph Teye. Long-Term Patterns of Change in the Commercialisation of Cocoa in Ghana: Forest Frontiers and Technological Transformation. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.045.

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The commercialisation of cocoa production in Ghana has a long history dating back to the nineteenth century. The process of commercial development in cocoa is well documented and provides an alternative mode to contemporary models of commercialisation rooted in the adoption of modern technology and integration of farmers into markets. This working paper critically analyses frameworks for agricultural commercialisation in cocoa through intensification based on the uptake of synthetic inputs and hybrid seeds, by placing agricultural development within a broader framework of the historical develo
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Miller, Marcus, Antonia Maier, and Andrew Powell. Prudent Banks and Creative Mimics: Can We Tell the Difference? Inter-American Development Bank, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011374.

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The recent financial crisis has forced a rethink of banking regulation and supervision and the role of financial innovation. This paper develops a model where prudent banks may signal their type through high capital ratios. Capital regulation may ensure separation in equilibrium, but deposit insurance will tend to increase the level of capital required. If supervision detects risky behavior ex ante then it is complementary to capital regulation. However, financial innovation may erode supervisors' ability to detect risk and capital levels should then be higher. Regulators, however, may not be
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Phisalaphong, Muenduen. Development of cell carrier for improved productivity of continuous ethanol fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Chulalongkorn University, 2010. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2010.51.

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The production of a renewable energy from biomass, such as ethanol by fermentation, has received special attention as a consequence of the world energy crisis. Nowadays, gasohol E-10, a mixture of 10% ethanol and 90% gasoline has been widely used in vehicles in Thailand and there is an attempt to promote the use of E-20 or E-85 in the vehicles in the near future. Ethanol fermentation by conventional batch suffers from various constrains such as, low cell density and rather time consuming. Although continuous fermentation by suspended cell culture can be used to speed up the process, it is more
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