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1
Indahyani, Titi. "Pemanfaatan Limbah Sabut Kelapa pada Perencanaan Interior dan Furniture yang Berdampak pada Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Miskin." Humaniora 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2011): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v2i1.2941.
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Coconut coir is one component of coconut that could be produced and decomposed into products needed by domestic or international market. Cocofiber and cocopeat are two derived products from coconut coir which through several researches could be produced into supporting material of interior and furniture, including matrass, bed sofa, and particle board like MDF, Coconut Fiber Board (CFB). Within this research, it is hoped to distribute the information about the functions and producing materials from coconut coir waste. This is supposed to be used by the government, minor industry, designer, and public to also apply and choose environment-friendly coconus coir material and sustain as a part of sustainable design, green design, social entrepreneurship and related programs. Therefore, coconut coir waste could be valued economically and has its positive effects to society who live around the coconut tree plantation area.
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CHRISTITA, MARGARETTA, and ADY SURYAWAN. "ECONOMICAL AND ECOLOGICAL FRIENDLY OF GROWTH MEDIA FOR EDIBLE MUSHROOM Pleurotus ostreatus MADE OF THE COCONUT WASTE." Jurnal Biologi Udayana 22, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jbiounud.2018.v22.i01.p05.
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The abundance of coconut waste in North Sulawesi has not been processed and used optimally, then it becomes waste for the environment. Coconut coir processing for planting medium is limited only for coconut peat (coconut husk powder). One drawback in processing coconut peat requires special equipment and the fuel is expensive. This study aimed to compare the use coconut peat and coconut coir as growing medium for white oyster mushroom. Coconut coir was cut 3cm x 2cm x 1cm in size, while the comparison medium uses a coconut peat. Compositions of both media are coconut coir / coconut peat 83%, 16% ricebran, 1% limestone, 60% water. The result showed that coconut coir more productive than coconut peat. Coconut coir media produces 120.62 grams while the coconut peat media weighing 116.11 grams on each harvesting. Based on the result it can be conclude the usage of coconut coir was better compare than coconut peat for cultivation of oyster mushroom.
Key words: Coconut waste, coconut coir, coconut peat, media, mushroom
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Ihwan, Khairul, and Roberta Zulfhi Surya. "Analisa Potensi Pengembangan Energi Alternative Berbasis Limbah Kelapa Di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir." JUTI UNISI 3, no. 2 (December 28, 2019): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32520/juti.v3i2.840.
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Indragiri Hilir Regency has the largest coconut plantation in Indonesia with coconut production reaching 390,924.28 tons per year and land area of 295,380.24 hectares (BPS Inhil Regency, 2012). According to Palunkun in Prananta (2004) the composition of coconuts consists of coir 35%, coconut shell 12%, fruit flesh 28% coconut water 25%. So the number of coir and coconut shell that has been burned is 47% of the production of coconut grains. So that coir and shell waste is 643,070,441 tons of waste. Based on research that has been done in the area of extranmigration in Pelangiran sub-district and Belengkong bay sub-district, the potential of coconut waste in the form of coconut fiber is 7,406,000 kg. if the coconut plantations are harvested at the same time. The duration of the harvest for 2.5 to 3 months each time. So that the potential of coconut waste (coconut husk) is 82.288.89 kg / day multiply the calorie value of coconut fiber at 4.004.8 k.cal is 329,546,982.40 K. Kal / kg. if converted into electrical energy with a conversion factor of every tonne of calories is 1.1628x 10-3 MWh (Energy Outlook Statistics, University of Indonesia, 2000) then the potential electrical energy from waste to be produced is 329,546.98 Ton K.Kal X 1 , 1628 x 10 -3 MWh. = 0.383263 Kwh.
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Mudiyono, R., and S. Sudarno. "The Influence of Coconut Fiber on the Compressive and Flexural Strength of Paving Blocks." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 5 (October 9, 2019): 4702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3008.
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The aim of this study is to determine the influence of coconut coir fiber on the compressive and flexural strength of paving blocks. The research was carried out using paving blocks with dimensions of 20cm×10cm×6cm, mixed with coir fiber by 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% by weight. The results showed that no addition of coconut coir fiber resulted in compressive strength of 24.49Mpa, while the addition of 0.1% coconut coir fiber resulted in compressive strength of 25.39Mpa after 7 days. A mixture with no coconut coir fiber resulted in flexural strength of 31.5Mpa while the addition of 0.1% coconut coir fiber gave a flexural strength of 33Mpa in the age of 14 days. The conclusion of this study is that the addition of 0.1% coconut coir fiber in a paving block mixture can increase its compressive and flexural strength.
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Bradley, Walter L., and Sean Conroy. "Using Agricultural Waste to Create More Environmentally Friendly and Affordable Products and Help Poor Coconut Farmers." E3S Web of Conferences 130 (2019): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913001034.
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Each year, 64 000 000 000 coconuts are harvested around the world. The coconut water, coconut milk and/are coconut oil are produced from the coconut, leaving behind the coconut shells and the coconut husks, which are not well utilized. Exciting new ways to utilized coconut shell powder as function filler in engineering plastic such as polypropylene or polyethylene and to utilize coir fiber from the husk with polypropylene in non-woven fabric composites. These application demonstrate that the resulting environmental friendly composite materials have enhanced mechanical properties at a reduced cost.
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P. Chandy Mathew. "RUBBERISED COIR INDUSTRY - AN INTRODUCTION." CORD 4, no. 01 (December 1, 1988): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v4i01.211.
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The coconut palm is one of the versatile products of nature. Almost all parts of the tree are put to use by man. The uses of coconut kernel, shell, husk, trunk, leaves, sap etc., are well known and are therefore not described here. In this paper only one aspect of utilisation of coconut namely coconut fibre or coir for production of rubberised fibre is discussed in some detail. In major coconut producing areas more attention is given to utilisation of coconut kernel as this represents the most valuable portion of the coconut tree. It is therefore quite natural that most people concemed with coconut production and processing are less familiar with the by‑products of coconut. One such by‑product is rubberised coir which is a relatively capital intensive industry. In terms of "value addition" the production of rubberised coir is one of the top industries in the coconut and by‑product industries. This paper is an introduction to some aspects of rubberised coir.
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MK Raghunadh, Yakkala, Neeluri Suresh, Mohd Mujtaba Ahmed, Konduru Ashok, and A. Indra reddy. "Investigation of Energy Values in Tender Coconut by Various Methods." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.5 (September 22, 2018): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.5.20049.
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Even in 2017 many rural areas the daily food preparation works on conventional furnaces and peat coal as the fuel. It releases lot of smoke and harmful gases. The village blacksmith work also depends on peat coal. One of the alternative fuels for conventional furnace is tender coconut fuel. The tender coconut having lot of mineral values in addition to that it having lot of fuel values. The availability of tender coconut is round the year. In most of the cases these coconuts after drinking simply dumping in the municipal waste or dumping at out cuts of the cities. By making simple process we can convert this tender coconut into good fuel. A special machine designed for process of tender coconut. A detailed analysis done on the tender coconut in two different ways. The total coconut analysis is done two ways, one is on direct coconut where as other is individual elements of the coconut analysis like shell, inner coir, outer coir and coconut husk. The calorific value of each one calculated by using the bomb calorimeter. The exhaust gases also analyzed y using exhaust gas analyzer.
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Zhia, Nurfajriah, Halim Mahfud, and Rudhy Ho Purabaya. "VALUE ADDED MODEL OF COCONUT PROCESSING INDUSTRY (CASE STUDY)." Journal of Industrial Engineering Management 6, no. 2 (August 20, 2021): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33536/jiem.v6i2.927.
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Coconut commodity has a strategic value because it has an important role in the economy, society and culture of Indonesian society. Coconut plant is a multipurpose plant where all parts of the plant have economic value, one of which is coconut husk. The potential of coconut coir is very large and has not been used optimally. Whereas coconut coir, when processed, will produce various products such as home industries, furniture, geotextiles, boards, and creative industries. This study is aimed at analyzing the potential development of the coconut coir processing industry and the added value that will be generated using the case study method and the location selection is done deliberately (purposive sampling). The business financial feasibility model obtained is a predictive model for analysis and planning of business financial feasibility through the NPV, IRR, PBP, BCR criteria with various scenarios of changes in prices, interest rates, and production scale.The business balance model obtained is a predictive model that can be used to analyze the price gap level to plan the price level that will provide proportional profit to produce coconut coir processing factory business. Based on the results of the verification of the model with input using the assumption of parameter values, it shows that the coconut coir processing industry is feasible to run.
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Das, D., M. Kadiruzzaman, SK Adhikary, MY Kabir, and M. Akhtaruzzaman. "Yield performance of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on different substrates." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 4 (May 25, 2014): 613–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i4.18946.
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An experiment was conducted at Mushroom Lab of Horticulture Centre under Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), Khairtala, Jessore to determine the performance of different substrates on the yield of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). Sugarcane bagasse, sawdust, and coconut coir individually and their combinations were used as substrates. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five replications. Data were taken from 1st and 2nd flush of different growth and yield attributes of mushroom. The maximum number of effective fruiting bodies was obtained from sawdust (40) and the lowest number (31.6) from combination of sawdust and coconut coir (1:1). In the 1st flush, the maximum weight of individual fruiting body was observed in coconut coir and minimum in sawdust. The highest biological (186.06 g) and economic yield (180.64 g) were obtained from coconut coir and the lowest from sugarcane bagasse. The maximum and minimum harvest index was found in 1st flush at coconut coir and combination of sawdust and sugarcane bagasse (1:1), respectively. Most yield attributes were found higher in coconut coir. Economic yield was positively correlated to number of effective fruiting bodies, pileus diameter, and biological yield. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i4.18946 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(4): 613-623, December 2013
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Ikhsan, Zahlul, Intan Sari, Suryadi Suryadi, and Dede Suhendra. "RESPON KOMBINASI PUPUK KCl DAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR (POC) SABUT KELAPA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays saccaharata Sturt) DI TANAH GAMBUT." JURNAL AGROPLASMA 7, no. 1 (May 31, 2020): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36987/agroplasma.v7i1.1757.
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This This study aims to determine the best dose of KCl Fertilizer and Liquid Organic Fertilizer of coconut coir on the growth of sweet corn (zea mays saccaharata Sturt) in peat soils. This study used a non factorial randomized block design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments used were 100 kg KCl fertilizer, POC Coconut Fiber 30 ml / liter, 100 kg KCl + POC coconut coir fertilizer, 75 kg KCl + POC coconut coir fertilizer, 50 kg KCl + POC coconut coir fertilizer, 25 kg KCl + POC fertilizer coconut fiber. The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves / plants, leaf area index, stem diameter, emergence, male and female flowers, observational data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with HSD tukey test at 5% confidence level. Based on the results of research that has been carried out, all treatments did not show a real effect on all parameters. Provision of coconut milk POC 30 ml / water gives the best results on the growth of sweet corn. Keywords: KCl fertilizer, liquid organic fertilizer, sweet corn
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Anix, A., Vivek Santhiya, S. Athithan, and B. Ahilan. "Comparison of Periphyton Biomass on Coconut Coir and Bamboo Poles as Natural Substrates in Earthen Lined Pond." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 11, no. 5 (October 31, 2020): 494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2020.2152c.
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As a first step in assessing the viability of periphyton-based shrimp production in lined pond aquaculture systems, the effects of natural substrates (split bamboo poles and coconut coir) on development of periphyton were evaluated. Experiments were conducted in outdoor earthen lined pond to study periphyton biomass on two types of natural substrates such as split bamboo pole and coconut coir which was placed inside the earthen lined pond filled with seawater for duration of 45 days. The periphyton biomass was recorded at 0–40 cm depth, 40–80 cm depth and 80–120 cm for all the substrates. The periphyton biomass, in terms of dry matter (DM) from coconut coir was comparatively higher (3.4995±0.3120 mg cm-2) than the split bamboo poles (3.2011±0.3044 mg cm-2) during the experiment. ‘T’ test has affirmed that significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in the dry matter content of the periphyton among the substrates. ‘T’ test analysis of the data relating to periphyton biomass for split bamboo pole and coconut coir recorded at different depths indicated that upper 0–40 cm depth had higher values than the other depths. Furthermore, among the two substrates, coconut coir (3.4995±0.31201 mg cm-2) was observed to be a better substrate than the split bamboo pole for periphyton biomass production. Coconut coir substrate can be utilised by fin and shellfishes as natural food.
12
Tanwani, Reetu. "PERFORMANCE OF COIR INDUSTRY OF INDIA." GAP GYAN - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 3, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47968/gapgyan.34004.
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Coir is the actually waste product of the coconut which is the outer shell of coconut and how this waste is converted into the best products, is the journey of coir industry in India. Coir products are exported to more than 80 countries in the world. India is the largest producer and exporter of the coir and coir products. India contributes 80% of the world's production of coir. Coir Board is the statutory body which works for the development of coir industry. The study focus is to evaluate the contribution of coir industry in terms of exports, employment, what incentives are offered by the coir board and MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) ministry to the coir industry and find out the challenges faced by the coir industry.
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Anita Das Ravindranath and Saroi Bhosle. "BACTERIAL CONSORTIA FOR RETTING OF COCONUT HUSKS IN TANKS." CORD 15, no. 01 (June 1, 1999): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v15i01.322.
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A bacterial consortium developed on coconut husk leachates could ret coconut husk steeped for retting in rap water in a period of three months. The quality of the coir fibre obtained was comparable to traditionally retted fibre. The consortia could also bestow a greater degree of softness to the mechanically extracted coir fibre. Coir extraction can therefore be practiced by supplying the consortia for retting of husk for production of fibre and enhance the commercial utilization of the husk in coconut growing regions of Asia.
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Manoj, Valsa Remony, and Namasivayam Vasudevan. "Integrated modified anaerobic baffled reactor with aerobic post treatment for nutrient removal from aquaculture wastewater." Environment Conservation Journal 15, no. 1&2 (June 18, 2014): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2014.151223.
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The present study is an attempt for treatment of aquaculture wastewater from indoor facilities such as hatcheries etc through integrated process. which comprises an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) packed with coconut coir fibre as bacterial support medium and an aerobic cascading step to aerate the effluent coming out of the anaerobic baffled reactor. The maximum COD removal obtained in coconut coir packed ABR was 96 % while in the control, it was 65 %. The maximumTotal Kjeldahl Nitrogenremoval in coconut coir packed ABR was 95 % while in the control ABR the removal was 61 %. The maximum percentage ammonia removal obtained in coconut coir packed ABR was 97 % while in the control ABR 95 % of ammonia removal was achieved. Therefore the study concludes that the process significantly reduces the nutrient load in the wastewater making it suitable for release into natural water bodies or for recirculation.
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Othman, Mohd Hilmi, Sulaiman Hasan, and Md Zin Ibrahim. "The Effects of Water Content towards the Packaging Properties of Paper Made from Coconut Coir." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.161.
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This research is about an attempt to evaluate the effect of water contents towards the packaging properties of paper made from coconut coir, which was being processed manually through beating times method. The purpose of this investigation is to relate the composition of coconut fibre and water content with the tensile strength and tear factor. The composition starts from sample A, which has 90% of water and 10% of coconut fibre. The sample continues with 10% decreasing content of water and 10% increment of coconut coir. Base on tensile test and tear test results, graphs were plotted and it shows sample D, with 60% of water and 40% of coconut coir has produced the highest tensile strength, breaking length and tensile index, with the value of 1020.6 N/m, 422.8 m and 4.1450 Nm/g respectively. On the other hand, sample A produced the highest tear factor, with the value of 92.7 g/mm2. As a conclusion, these packaging properties are good enough to become guidance in paper manufacturing industry, as well as to support the application of coconut coir fibre as an alternative packaging material in the future.
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Boonyaroj, Varinthorn, Mukda Srijab, Monthira Thiangsagul, and Monruedee Larpsongserm. "Plywood Production from Coconut Coir Fiber and Water Hyacinth." Applied Mechanics and Materials 866 (June 2017): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.866.212.
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The plywood production from coconut coir fiber and water hyacinth was investigated to reduce the residue and be increased of value and to reduce the use of natural wood by using coir and water hyacinth which are pressed to be plywood production. LA - 35A TOA glue and natural powders were used for plywood adhesive. The plywood tests were found in this research. The water absorption, density, and bending strength test as per Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS A 5905) were evaluated in this research. The results showed that coconut coir fiber was suitable for plywood production and contained 1.93 percent of moisture content, 0.52 g per cm3 of density, and 86.5 percent of water absorption and 11.9 MPa of bending strength. The result showed that water absorption value of plywood made from coconut coir fiber and water hyacinth was quite high and this product suitable for use only indoor furniture. Moreover, these research was studied the biodegradation of plywood products that made from coconut coir fiber and water hyacinth.
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Mawaddah, Syaifah, Misgiya Misgiya, Wahyu Tri Atmojo, and Sri Wiratma. "TINJAUAN KERAJINAN BERBAHAN SABUT KELAPA DI SENTRA CREABRUSH DESA MULYOREJO KECAMATAN SUNGGAL DELI SERDANG." Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa 9, no. 1 (February 23, 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/gr.v9i1.17213.
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AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau lebih jauh tentang jumlah bentuk yang dihasilkan, dan bagaimana perkembangan produk pada kerajinan berbahan sabut kelapa di Sentra Creabrush Desa Mulyorejo Kecamatan Sunggal Deli Serdang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian Deskriptif Kualitatif. Populasi yang terdapat dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 5 karya kerajinan sabut kelapa. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari karya kerajinan sabut kelapa dengan menggunakan teknik Purposive Sampling yaitu teknik penentuan sampel dengan pertimbangan tertentu. Guna memperoleh data mengenai tinjauan terhadap kerajinan sabut kelapa di Sentra Creabrush Desa Mulyorejo Kecamatan Sunggal Deli Serdang. Setelah dilakukan pengumpulan data memalui instrumen penelitian observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi, maka hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pembuatan setiap kerajinan sabut kelapa pada Creabrush memiliki proses pembuatan yang berbeda-beda tergantung dari jenis kerajinannya, dan bahan dasar sabut kelapa yang utuh atau diolah dulu menjadi lembaran atau coco sheet. Bentuk karya seni kerajinan sabut kelapa yang dibedakan berdasarkan fungsinya yaitu homedecor dan fashioncraft, dan sebagian karya seni kerajinan sabut kelapa di sentra Creabrush seperti lukisan, kaligrafi, sepatu, sandal dan tas mengalami perkembangan dalam peroses pembuatan dan hasil karyanya dari waktu ke waktu.Kata Kunci: tinjauan, kerajinan, sabut kelapa.AbstractThis aims of this study are for reviewing the shapesof produced, and how the outgrowth in the coconut coir craft produc at the Creabrush Center at Desa Village, Kecamatan Sunggal Deli Serdang. The method of the study is descriptive qualitative research method. The populations in this study contained by 5 coconut coir crafts. The sample of this study consisted of coconut coir craft by using the Purposive Sampling technique, which is a sample determination technique with certain considerations. For colleting the data of this study at coconut coir handicrafts at the Creabrush Center at Desa Mulyorejo, Kecamatan Sunggal Deli Serdang. After the process collecting the data through observation research instruments, interviews and documentation, the results of this study show that the process for making the coconut husk craft in Creabrush has a different manufacturing process depended by the type of craft itself, and the basic material of coconut coir itsel finclude processing the material first or no. The product of coconut coir craft divided by aech functions, which are homedecor and fashioncraft, and some of coconut coir crafts whose works in the Creabrush centers such as paintings, calligraphy, shoes, slippers and bags has an increase in the process of making and also the products. Keywords: enhancement, crafts, coconut coir.
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Phungsripheng, Siwas, Rojana Pornprasertsuk, and Thanakorn Wasanapiarnpong. "Preparation of Xylem-Imitating Porous Ceramic by Coconut Coir and Pottery Clay." Key Engineering Materials 608 (April 2014): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.608.79.
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The transport of water through xylems in tree is one of the most efficient transport mechanisms. Porous conventional ceramic is one way to mimic capillary force in xylem, which was operated by mixing pottery clay with volatile natural fiber (coconut coir) and extruded into 30 millimeter in diameter rod. The coconut coir content in the mixtures was varied from 0 to 8 wt% of dried clay. Dried samples were fired at 800 °C and 900 °C for 2 h to burn out the coconut coir. The water transport performance test of samples is performed by immersing 3 cm of the initial parts of samples in water and observe watermark at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 h under the humidity and temperature controls at 60% and 30 °C, respectively. The sample with the 8 wt% coconut coir after firing at 900 °C showed the highest watermark level at 45 cm from the initial point and the highest water transpiration rate of 2.275 g/h.
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Olson, Denise L., Ronald D. Oetting, and Marc W. van Iersel. "Effect of Soilless Potting Media and Water Management on Development of Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) and Plant Growth." HortScience 37, no. 6 (October 2002): 919–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.6.919.
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Coconut coir dust is being marketed as a soilless medium substitute for sphagnum peat moss that inhibits fungus gnat (Bradysia sp.) development. However, little information is available on the effects of coconut coir dust on Bradysia sp. In a laboratory study we examined the effect of substituting coconut coir dust for peat moss, with or without a food source, on the development of fungus gnats. An average of less than one adult emerged when 20 fungus gnat eggs were provided with pure or sterilized peat moss or coconut coir. A significantly higher number of adults (11.5-13) emerged when a food source of 1 g of yeast was added to either soilless potting medium type. The adults required up to 10 fewer days to emerge when food was provided, compared to sterilized and pure media, except for the pure peat moss. In a greenhouse study examining the effects of coir and peat at different textures and different moisture levels on fungus gnat survival, there were significant differences at the different levels of moisture. There was a higher population of larvae in the coarse medium containing peat. In the coir-based media, the fine-textured medium had the highest population level of fungus gnats. There were no significant effects on fungus gnat populations among the different levels of moisture within a medium type. However, there was a tendency for lower populations in the most moist and the driest media and the highest survival in the media that were maintained at 52.5% moisture. Plant growth was best in the media with the lowest number of fungus gnats (coarse coconut coir dust-based and fine and medium peat-based media). These results suggest that it is possible to select growing media that minimize fungus gnat populations, while optimizing plant growth. However, contrary to claims made by growing media producers, coconut coir dust does not necessarily inhibit fungus gnat development.
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Islam, Md Shahidul, and Tadashi Ito. "257 Characterization of the Physico-chemical Properties of and Plant Response to Ecologically Sound Organic Substrates in Relation to Rockwool." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 435D—435. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.435d.
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Characterization of physico-chemical properties of ecologically sound unprocessed coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) coir and carbonated rice husk in relation to rockwool were investigated to examine the crop performance along with productivity of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). In all substrates, the water-filled pore space and water-holding capacity were larger and air-filled pore space was smaller. Bulk densities, water-holding capacity, and water-filled, air-filled, and total pore spaces were lower in carbonated rice husk than coconut coir and rockwool. These values in coconut coir and carbonated rice husk were increased by use. Most of the physical properties, EC, pH, and inorganic elements, of these natural organic substrates were within appropriate levels as growing media. There were little differences in plant height, stem diameter, percent fruit set, harvest index, ascorbic acid, total soluble solid, fruit pH, and leaf chlorophyll ratio. But, number of nodes, internode length, leaf number and area, days to first anthesis, flower number, and fruit number and weight differed significantly among treatments. There was smaller fluctuation in absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, net assimilate rate, and leaf area ratio among the treatments. It appeared that carbonated rice husk and the coconut coir gave better crop performance than rockwool under moderate high temperatures (30 and 35 °C compared to 25 °C). Furthermore, crop productivity from the organic substrate coconut coir and carbonated rice husk gave more profit than that of rockwool. Thus, carbonated rice husk and coconut coir substrates can be used successfully as a bag culture media amendment for producing vegetables, especially in tropical and subtropical areas.
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Mathura, Nadira, Duncan Cree, and Ryan P. Mulligan. "Characterization and Utilization of Coconut Fibers of the Caribbean." MRS Proceedings 1611 (2014): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.764.
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ABSTRACTIn many tropical countries coconut (coir) fiber production is a major source of income for rural communities. The Caribbean has an abundance of coconuts but research into utilizing its by-products is limited. Environmentally friendly coir fibers are natural polymers generally discarded as waste material in this region. Research has shown that coir fiber from other parts of the world has successfully been recycled. This paper therefore investigates the mechanical properties of Caribbean coir fiber for potential applications in civil engineering.Approximately four hundred fibers were randomly taken from a coir fiber stack and subjected to retting in both distilled and saline water media. The mechanical properties of both the retted and unretted coir fibers were evaluated at weekly increments for a period of 3 months. Tensile strength test, x-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron micrographs were used to assess trends and relationships between fiber gauge lengths, diameter, tensile strength and Young’s modulus. Diameters ranged between 0.11 mm-0.46 mm, while fiber samples were no longer than 250 mm in length. The tensile strength and strain at break decreased as the gauge length increased for both unretted and retted fibers. The opposite occurred for the relationship between the gauge length and Young’s modulus. Additionally, the tensile strength and modulus decreased as the fiber diameter increased. Neither distilled nor saline water improved the coir fiber’s crystalline index. Scanning electron micrographs qualitatively assessed fiber surfaces and captured necking and microfibril degradation at the fractured ends.The analysis revealed that the tensile strength, modulus, strain at break and crystallinity properties of the Caribbean coir fibers were comparable to commercially available coir fiber which are currently being used in many building applications.
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Arenas, Mireia, and C. S. Vavrina. "Coconut Coir Medium for Tomato Transplant Production." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 550b—550. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.550b.
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Peat [70% peat + 30% vermiculite (v/v/)] has long been the primary growing medium in standard vegetable transplant production. However, interest has increased in the use of coir (coconut pith) as an alternative vegetable transplant medium because of favorable physico-chemical properties such us high water holding capacity, low bulk density and high potassium content. Sixteen different transplant media formulations (v/v) were tested in a mixture component experiment with tomato, using coir and peat as organic components and vermiculite and perlite as inorganic components. Transplant growth was evaluated after 4, 5, and 6 weeks by growth analysis and at 6 weeks transplant quality parameters (e.g. shoot/root dry weight, leaf area, stem diameter, height, etc.) were collected. Coir grown tomato plants showed a delay in leaf production exhibiting lower leaf area values over the total transplant growth period. Shoot and root growth was maximized in media containing peat as the major organic component. However, plants grown in a 50% peat/50% vermiculite medium were too tall for commercial acceptance. Plants grown in all sixteen-transplant media pulled easily. However, medium loss when transplants were pulled was unacceptable in medium high in perlite content (50% by total volume). Coir-medium compared well with the standard peat/vermiculite medium based on the transplant quality parameters of stem diameter, root growth and height when used in the following mixtures: 50% peat/25% coir/25% vermiculite and 50% peat/25% coir/25% perlite.
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Bahari Mohd Yusoff, Saiful, Sinin Hamdan, Zalina Ibrahim, and Shah Jhihan Abdullah. "Coconut Coir Experimental Process for Producing an Alternative Block Toy Compound." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.18 (August 2, 2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.18.16676.
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Currently, children’s block toys use solid wood, processed wood and Medium-Density Fiber board (MDF). MDF is a mixture of sawdust that is held together with wax, resin and formaldehyde and has been widely used to produce children’s toys. MDF are heavy and found to be health hazardous especially to children. This research focuses on the process of transforming the waste from the coconut coir/husk as an alternative to the current unsafe materials into toy block. The coconut coir/husk is creatively processed to produce children toy block that are soft, lightweight, cheap, harmless for children to use and environmental friendly. The process involved treatment of insignificant waste and transforming it into a competitive product, thus reducing mass pollution by the coconut farmers and open burning of coconut coir/husks.
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Bhaskar, Jitendra, and Satyendra Kumar. "Effect of coconut shell particles, coir fiber and husk powder on static & dynamic characteristic of polymer composites." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 4, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35121/ijapie201901134.
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Polymer composites based on agriculture waste or wood industry waste are becoming popular due to better utilization of natural wastes and availability of low cost material for structural and dynamic applications. Availability of coconut shell, coir fiber and husk powder have attracted the development and characterization of coconut reinforced wood plastic composites. Coconut shell particles have capability of introducing the behaviour of particulate composites and coir fibers have the capability of long fibers. But chopping of coir fiber into small sizes and crushing coconut shell into various sizes of particles is the source of managing the structural and dynamic properties. Husk powders consist of very fine and light particles. So, reinforcing husk powder into polymer matrix would enhance the properties of polymer. Various samples consisting of these coconut fruit waste were fabricated for structural and dynamic characterization. Effects of these elements were evaluated. Non-contact type vibration measuring system-Laser Doppler Vibrometer was used for better accuracy in results in dynamic characteristic
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Santhiya, A. Anix Vivek, S. Athithan, B. Ahilan, J. Stephen, Sampath Kumar, and A. Srinivasan. "Evaluation of periphyton quantity on different natural substrates in Earthen lined pond." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 1630–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1413.
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Experiments were conducted in outdoor earthen lined pond to study periphyton quantity on three types of natural substrates such as split bamboo pole, coconut coir and coconut shell, which was placed inside the earthen lined pond filled with seawater for duration of 45 days. Observations were made in every 15th day for growth of periphyton both qualitatively and quantitatively on the three natural substrates and physico-chemical properties of selected pond water such as transparency, water temperature, salinity, pH, Dissolved oxygen, Ammonia (NH3-N), Nitrite (NO2-N), Nitrate (NO3-N), BOD and Chlorophyll ‘a’ were recorded during periphyton samplings. The periphy-ton quantity (34562 ± 671 cells / cm2) observed for coconut coir was higher than the split bamboo pole (33104 ± 810 cells / cm2), and coconut shell (21194 ± 872 cells / cm2) in the final day of the experiment. One way ANOVA of the data collected clearly affirmed that significant differences were observed (P < 0.05) in periphyton quantity among the three substrates tested. A total 16 phyto-periphytic microalgae (Bacillariophyceae – 10 types, Dinophyceae – 4 types and Cyanophyceae – 2 types) and 10 Zoo-periphyton (Copepod- 4 types, Meroplankton – 4 types and Tintin-nidae – 2 types) were recorded from these three substrates. Among the different phyto-periphytic microalgae, Bacil-lariophyceae group were found to be more (Split bamboo pole – 72%, Coconut coir – 73% and Coconut shell – 71%) on three substrates studied. Further, coconut coir was found to be best substrate than split bamboo pole and coconut shell, which can be utilized by fin and shellfishes as natural food.
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Koňáková, Dana, Eva Vejmelková, Monika Čáchová, Jamal Akhter Siddique, Kirill Polozhiy, Pavel Reiterman, Martin Keppert, and Robert Černý. "Treated Coconut Coir Pith as Component of Cementitious Materials." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/264746.
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The presented paper deals with utilization of raw and treated coir pith as potential component of cementitious composites. The studied material is coir pith originating from a coconut production. Its applicability as cement mixture component was assessed in terms of the physical properties of concrete containing different amount of coir pith. Basic physical properties, compressive and bending strength, and hygric transport characteristics as well as thermal properties belong among the studied characteristics. It was proved that the concrete with 5% (by mass of cement) of this waste material shows appropriate physical properties and it gives rise to an applicable material for building structures. Generally, the coir pith can be regarded as lightening additive. When 10% of coir pith was added, it has led to higher deterioration of properties than what is acceptable since such dosing is greatly increasing the total porosity. The influence of chemical treatment of coir pith was evaluated as well; both tested treatment methods improved the performance of cementitious composites while the acetylation was somewhat more effective the treatment by NaOH.
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A. N. Ravindranath and U. S. Sarma. "BIOINOCULANTS FOR COIR RETTING." CORD 11, no. 01 (June 1, 1995): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v11i01.287.
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The mesocarp of the coconut or its husk is the source of coir. Coir fibre has several potential end uses like for the manufacture of various coir products predominantly coir floor coverings, yarn, rope, rubberized coir and latest as geotextile material. Coir is extracted from the coconut husk which is subjected to steeping in saline backwaters for six to nine months. This prolonged period of steeping is disadvantageous on economic considerations and also deprives the coir industry of sufficient raw material for the product sector. The treatment of selected strains of phenol degrading bacterial cultures on to husks immersed for retting is reported to reduce the period of retting to some extent 3. This paper reports the findings of a field study on the treatment of selected strains of bacteria on one lakh husks steeped for retting. Samples of husks drawn out after three months of steeping were observed to be fully retted and yielded fibre suitable for spinning superior quality coir yarn.
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Nurdin. "Effect Application of Sea Sand, Coconut and Banana Coir on the Growth and Yield of Rice Planted at Ustic Endoaquert Soil." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 19, no. 1 (April 16, 2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2014.v19i1.17-24.
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The research was aimed to study effect application of sea sand (SS), coconut coir (CC) and banana coir (BC) on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) planted at Ustic Endoaquert soil. The pot experiment was carried out using a factorial design with 3 factors. The first factor was SS consisted of three levels i.e.: 0%, 25%, and 50%. The second and third factors were CC and BC, each consisted of three levels i.e.: 0, 10, and 20 Mg ha-1. Application of SS and BC significantly increased leaf length where the highest increasing percentage was 16.47% which was achieved at 25% SS application. Their effect on leaf numbers and tiller numbers were relatively not similar pattern where leaf number only increased about 65.52% by BC application, while tiller numbers only increased about 10.77% by SS application. Furthermore, the application of CC and BC significantly increased panicle numbers to 29.53% and 29.05%, respectively compared to control. All ameliorants significantly increased panicle numbers, but the best was CC with the increasing up to 46.49% at 20 Mg ha-1 CC compared to SS or BC application. However, only coconut coir significantly increased the rice grain numbers.Keywords: Banana coir, coconut coir, rice plant, sea sand, vertisol [How to Cite: Nurdin. 2014. Effect Application of Sea Sand, Coconut and Banana Coir on the Growth and Yield of Rice Planted at Ustic Endoaquert Soil. J Trop Soils 19: 17-24. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.1.17]
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Fauziah, Fauziah, Rima Marwarni, and Azmalina Adriani. "FORMULASI DAN UJI SIFAT FISIK MASKER ANTIJERAWAT DARI EKSTRAK SABUT KELAPA ( Cocos nucifera L)." Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia 2, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33759/jrki.v2i1.74.
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Coconut is a multipurpose tree for people in the tropics. Almost all parts can be used such as leaves, fruit, stems, and roots. Besides having many benefits of coconut, it also produces waste from its fruit, namely coconut fiber. Coconut coir has a very high tannin content. In general, tannin compounds can be indicated as anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial. The purpose of this study was to formulate the anti-acne mask from coconut coir extract and to test its physical properties. This study uses an experimental research method, in which three mask formulas are made with variations in the concentration of active substances and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). In this study the active substance used was coconut coir extract. The formulas used are formulas A, B, and C with the concentration of active substances successively as follows: 1%, 2%, 4%. The results of research that have been carried out that the mask formula that has the best physical properties is formula B, because it fulfills the physical properties provisions of the peel off face mask including organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, dispersal power, and drying time.
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Boonyaroj, Varinthorn, and Sirichai Saramanus. "Utilizing Agricultural Waste as an Environmentally Friendly Cement Composite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 891 (May 2019): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.891.132.
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Utilizing coconut coir fiber can offer an alternative method of adding value to agricultural wastes and help to conserve the environment with green products. The aim of this research was to investigate the potential use of coconut coir fiber as an eco-friendly material for cement composites. The properties of these cement composites mixed with varying proportions of paper waste were compared to ordinary white Portland cement. In addition, the surface structure and chemical characteristics of the samples were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDS). The results showed that the cement composites consisted mainly of the elements carbon (C), oxygen (O), and calcium (Ca) in the range of 34-44%, 42-49%, and 11-19% by weight, respectively. The density of OPC, 0%, 50%, 100% of coconut coir fiber cement composite at 28 days curing time were found 1.85±0.03 g/cm3,1.72±0.02 g/cm3, 1.66±0.05 g/cm3, 1.56±0.02 g/cm3, respectively. Moreover, the compressive and flexural strength of the cement composites decreased with an increase in the coconut coir fiber volume fraction.
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Yogish, C. K., S. Pradeep, B. Kuldeep, K. P. Ravikumar, and Rao R. Raghavendra. "Processing and Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Coconut Coir and Rice Husk Reinforced Natural Hybrid Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 895 (November 2019): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.895.176.
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Over the last decades composite materials, plastics and ceramics have been the dominant emerging materials. The volume and number of applications of composite materials have grown steadily, penetrating and conquering new markets relentlessly. So everybody is concentrating on new materials which will be strong enough, less weight, recyclable with reduced cost. Hence all the researchers are concentrated on the composite materials which have all the above properties. The present work is concentrated on coconut coir fiber and Rice husk reinforced polyester hybrid composites. The composites specimen was fabricated with various weight percentages of natural fibers namely coconut coir (20%, 15%, 10%, and 5%) and Rice husk (15%, 10%, and 5%) combined with CamElect 3321 resin using hand lay-up method. So to obtain new composite materials different proportions of coconut coir and Rice husk is added and the mechanical properties such as Tensile strength, Flexural Strength and Impact test were carried out for the samples cut from the fabricated composites specimen to the dimensions as per ASTM standard. With the increasing percentage of the reinforcements the performance of the material is improving. The tensile strength increases with the increase in coir reinforcement percentage and flexural strength increases with the increasing in percentage of the rice husk and the impact strength of the material gets boost with equal proportional percentage of coconut coir and rice husk reinforcement.
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Hoang, Van-Tho, Thanh-Nhut Pham, and Young-Jin Yum. "Mechanical properties of coconut trunk particle/polyester composite based on alkali treatment." Advanced Composites Letters 29 (January 1, 2020): 2633366X2093589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2633366x20935891.
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Coir is a well-known natural fiber extracted from the husk of a coconut tree. In polymer composite materials, the ultimate performance of coir has been shown using surface modification methods. Among them, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a comparative and efficient solution used for surface treatment of lignocellulosic fiber. In contrast to coir, coconut timber, a hardwood that dominates the weight of the coconut tree, has not been appropriately considered for use in polymer composites. Therefore, in this article, coconut trunk particle/unsaturated polyester resin composites were experimentally investigated. As a pioneering study, a large range of NaOH concentrations from 2 wt% to 10 wt% (with an interval of 2 wt%) was utilized to treat the surface of the filler. Finally, 4 wt% alkali solution was found as the best content for surface modification based on the mechanical properties of the composite, including those determined by tensile, flexural, and impact test results.
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Menang, Aldi Dian Sahputra, Nordy Fritsgerald Lucky Waney, and Mex Frans Lodwyk Sondakh. "NILAI TAMBAH SABUT KELAPA PADA INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN PT. BERKAT ABADI KORINDO KECAMATAN MATUARI KOTA BITUNG." AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 17, no. 2 (April 16, 2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.17.2.2021.33825.
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This study aims to determine the added value of coconut coir in the processing industry of PT. Berkat Abadi Korindo, Bitung City. This research was conducted at PT Berkat Abadi Korindo Bitung City from January to March 2020. The location was determined purposively with the consideration that PT. Berkat Abadi Korindo is the only company that processes coconut coir into “Fish Net” products in North Sulawesi. The type of data used in this study is primary data obtained through direct interviews with company owners using a list of data requirements that have been prepared as well as direct observations about conditions in the field during the analysis period. The research data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively using added value analysis. The results of this study indicate the coconut coir processing industry of PT. Berkat Abadi Korindo, Matuari Sub-District, Bitung City provides added value of more than 0 or Rp. 2,331.14 from every 1 kg of coconut husk to 0.16 kg of "Fish Net".
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Fitri, Muhamad, and Shahruddin Mahzan. "The Regression Models of Impact Strength of Coir Coconut Fiber Reinforced Resin Matrix Composite Materials." International Journal of Advanced Technology in Mechanical, Mechatronics and Materials 1, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37869/ijatec.v1i1.12.
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The need of coconuts in Indonesia is relatively high. The use of large quantities of coconuts produces large amounts of organic waste from coco fiber, which tends to become waste if it is not used to be beneficial for humans.One of the potential uses of coconut fiber is as a reinforcement of natural fibers in polymer matrix composite materials. Recently, the applications of composite materials have been expanded widely including structural angine component which whitstand certain load like impact load. But most of them used synthetic fiber. Although the use of natural fibers as reinforcement in composite materials has been widely studied, their use is still limited because natural fibers have their own advantages and disadvantages. The purpose of this study was to measure the impact strength of specimens of coconut fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite material, and to determine the effect of the length and concentration of coconut fiber on its impact strength. A significant and valid regression model was also generated in this research, that states the relationship between fiber length and fiber content of resin matrix composite material to its impact strength. The result shows that the impact strength of the samples were influenced by fiber content and fiber length. The regression models for the impact strength of resin composite reinforced with coconut fiber is Y = 4.44 +0.180 X1 – 0.52 X2 Where: Y = Impact Strength (kJ/m2), and X1= Fiber length (mm), and X2= Fiber content (%).
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Maheswari, Anusuri Uma. "Improving Soil Properties by Using Coir." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VIII (August 10, 2021): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37280.
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Construction on these soils is found to be expensive because of their low bearing strength. Soil having poor bearing need stabilization to make it suitable for construction purpose. In this study coir (extracted from coconut) is used as natural fiber for stabilization of soil. Stabilization using natural fiber is a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach to improve properties of soil. The study is carried out to evaluate the effects of coir fiber on properties of soil. Coconut coir in the soil were varied from 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% and various soil properties were studied.
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Compton, Michael, and Timothy Zauche. "Growth of Cypripedium Orchids in Soilless Media Containing Anaerobic Digestion-derived Biosolids." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 980D—980. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.980d.
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Lady slipper orchids have great potential as a perennial bedding plant in temperate-zone climates Unfortunately, many gardeners fear these species because of their high cost and perceived difficulties associated with growing plants outdoors. The former factor can be addressed by improving the production of plants at the wholesale level. Growers contest that sphagnum peat and coconut coir are poor organic addenda for these species due to their natural acidity. Anaerobic digestion-derived biosolids (ADB) are not acidic like sphagnum peat or coconut coir, and may be the perfect organic addendum for the culture of ladyslipper orchids. Hence, 3-year-old plants of showy (Cypripedium reginae) and yellow ladyslipper (Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens) orchids were grown in soilless potting mixes containing vermiculite and perlite plus various concentrations and combinations of ADB and coconut coir. Plants were grown in the greenhouse at 70 ± 10 °F and received normal light and photoperiod during Summer 2005. Growth, as assessed by the dry weight of dormant stem tissue, of showy ladyslipper potted in media containing ADB was three- to four-times greater than those grown in media containing coconut coir. Growth was similar among yellow ladyslippers grown in media containing ADB or coconut coir due to the fact that these plants had produced all their stem growth for the season before the experiment was initiated. ADB has great potential as an organic addendum to horticultural growing media used for the culture of Cypripedium species. Use of anaerobic digester-derived biosolids in horticultural growing media is a protected intellectual property and available for license through the WiSys Technology Foundation.
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Vejmelková, Eva, Dana Koňáková, Anna Krojidlová, Veronika Hovorková, Monika Čáchová, Pavel Reiterman, and Robert Černý. "Properties of Cement Composites Containing Coir Pith." Advanced Materials Research 982 (July 2014): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.982.136.
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Application of agricultural waste materials as building materials not just provides solutions of environmental problems related to the waste management, but it also decreases the use of limited available natural resources and energy. The research in this work is focused on using coconut waste, in the form of natural and chemically treated coir pith, as admixture partially replacing cement in cement composites. The coir pith is the residue acquired during the extraction coir fiber from the outer protective husk of the coconut. Basic physical properties, mechanical, thermal and hygric parameters of several mixtures were studied. The results of measurements showed the influence of amount of coconut addition primarily on parameters such as the bulk density, open porosity, mechanical strengths, moisture transport parameters and thermal parameters. Restrictions for utilization of this waste material relate primarily with its low adhesion ability to the cement matrix.
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Sooksaen, Pat, Patcharapon Sathukan, Duangkamon Saetang, and Nut Khunchomphu. "Utilization of Natural Fibers in the Fabrication of Lightweight Concretes." Materials Science Forum 934 (October 2018): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.934.189.
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Natural fibers; rice straw and coconut coir fiber, which are found in large quantity in Thailand, were utilized as main materials for low cost lightweight concretes. The total fiber content was varied in the range 30-50 vol%. Fine (untreated) coconut coir fiber of <1 mm in size was used in this study. Coarse rice straw (5-20 mm) and fine rice straw (1-5 mm) were treated with 15% sodium hydroxide and found effective for removing hemicellulose, lignin and fatty acids. This improved the surface roughness and hydrophobicity of the cellulose fibers hence the adhesion between the fiber surface and cement phase was greatly improved. Lightweight concrete containing 20% fine rice straw and 10% fine coconut coir fiber in the composition showed high compressive strength value of 138.73±19.13 kg/cm2 with bulk density reduced by 30% compared to 100% cement.
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Barish, Leo. "The Internal Structure of Coir (Coconut) Fiber." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 43 (August 1985): 644–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100119910.
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The source of commercial coir fiber (actually, a vascular strand) is the massive fibrous husk (3-5 cm thick) surrounding the coconut. This paper reports a SEM study of some aspects of this interesting fiber. The specimens were sputter coated with Au Pd and observed with 4 KV accelerating voltage.A cut cross section of a retted coir fiber is seen in Figures 1 and 2. A high degree of porosity is apparent; a core of the vascular or conductive bundle is seen surrounded by a large area of elongated sclerenchymatous cells which are cemented together into a composite with pectins or hemicelluloses.The sclerenchymatous cells may be separated by a maceration process, in this work a dilute solution of sodium hypochlorite. A bent, partially macerated coir fiber showing the configuration and orientation of the cells is given in Figure 3. A completely separated cell showing its general shape and pits is shown in a light photomicrograph in Figure 4.
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Tarigan, Lili Nur Indah Sari, Nurul Qodri, Septi Lumongga Duma Rangkuti, and Moondra Zubir. "Pb(II) and Oil Contamination Analysis of Belawan Sea, Medan City, North Sumatera." Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) 2, no. 2 (July 10, 2019): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/ijcst.v2i2.16321.
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Belawan waters are very densely populated with shipping, industrial and settlement. These various activities have an impact in the form of sea pollution by liquid waste such as Pb (II) and oil. Based on the results of the analysis of the content of Pb (II) in the highest waters, which is equal to 26.9120 ppm, it exceeds the threshold. The oil content in the waters has exceeded the threshold of 0.05 gr / L. One way to reduce the levels of Pb (II) and oil is by using coconut husk biosorbent. This is evidenced by the results of the analysis that there was a decrease in Pb (II) metal content after adsorption using coconut coir biosorbent which was equal to 6.2430ppm with adsorption capability of 20,699 ppm. The oil content in the water after the water is adsorbed using coconut coir biosorbent shows the Not Applicable result because the seawater sample has been homogenized so that no significant changes occur. This shows that coconut coir biosorbent is effective to reduce the content of Pb and Oil in water in the waters of the sea.
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Saha, KK, MM Hossain, MR Ali, and MM Alam. "Feasibility study of coconut coir dust briquette." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 12, no. 2 (July 12, 2016): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i2.28697.
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This research work was conducted on economic feasibility of briquette made of coconut coir dust mixed with rice husk at different ratio. This study sought to assess the physical properties and calorific value of briquette and to establish the demand and willingness of potential users to substitute rice husk briquette and firewood. It was observed that briquette made from mixed coconut coir dust and rice husk at the ratio of 1:2 and 1:1 had desirable properties as compared to rice husk briquette. The percent of shatter indices, density, percent of resistance to water penetration, degree of densification and calorific value of briquette of mixing ratio 1:2 were found 99.75, 1.52gm/cc, 87.5, 11.35 and 4043 kcal/kg and of mixing ratio 1:1 were found 99.82, 1.48gm/cc, 87.5, 10.84 and 3657 kcal/kg, respectively. In case of rice husk briquette, the above values were 99.21, 1.40gm/cc, 75, 10.66 and 3537 kcal/kg, respectively. The production costs of mixing ratio 1:2 and 1: 1 were 3.27 Tk/kg and 3.10 Tk/kg, respectively which were lower than that of rice husk briquette. In partial budget, the substitution propositions among the selected briquettes indicated that coconut coir dust briquette of mixing ratio 1:1 appeared as the most impressive one.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(2): 369-376, December 2014
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Syed, Habibunnisa, Ruben Nerella, and Sri Rama Chand Madduru. "Role of coconut coir fiber in concrete." Materials Today: Proceedings 27 (2020): 1104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.477.
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Chegenizadeh, Amin, Megha Aashish, Hamid Nikraz, and Mahdi Keramatikerman. "Sulphate attack on cemented-bentonite-coconut coir." Results in Engineering 6 (June 2020): 100111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2020.100111.
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Fatmawati, Akbarningrum, and Rudy Agustriyanto. "Michaelis-Menten Kinetic Parameters of Coconut Coir Enzymatic Hydrolysis." Modern Applied Science 9, no. 7 (June 30, 2015): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v9n7p30.
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The limitation of fossil oil reserves and environmental pollution has been current problems that need to be solved. Biofuels such as ethanol can be alternative energy source that can reduce demand on fossil fuel and environmental problem. Food wastes such as coconut coirs are abundant and contain carbohydrate which can be used as the substrate for biofuel production. Pretreatment and hydrolysis are important stages which have to be applied on such lignocellulose materials before fermentation process to produce biofuel. This article presents Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters for coconut coir enzymatic hydrolysis. Coconut coirs collected from several local markets in Surabaya were subjected to alkaline pretreatment using 11% sodium hydroxide solution at 121oC. Hydrolysis steps were carried out using commercial enzymes at various initial substrate concentrations. The hydrolysis conditions were at 50oC and pH 4.8. The concentrations of reducing sugar produced in the reactions were measured at certain time intervals. Initial rate of reactions of each reaction batch were then determined. Finally, kinetic parameters of Michaelis-Menten model for enzymatic reaction were determined by fitting the initial rate of reactions and initial substrate concentration data. From nonlinear fitting, the maximum reaction rate (Vm) is 4.9´104 1/h and the value of KM is 4,195 mg/L.
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Tumbel, Nicolas, and Supardi Manurung. "Disain dan Kinerja Mesin Pemotong Sabut Kelapa Muda [Design and Performance of Tender Coconut Husk Trimmer Machine ]." Buletin Palma 19, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bp.v19n2.2018.69-78.
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<p>Coconut fruit has an enormous size that requires a spacious place to pack. Serving young coconut required an fascinating shape so the customers are more interested to drink young coconut water. This activity was held in Baristand Industri Manado in March-December 2015. Engineering activities of coconut coir tool machine have been conducted with the aim to design and test the performance of coconut coir cutters. Young coconuts are shaped like diamonds by eliminating a part of coconut coir providing a more elegant and attractive shape. The process is done by cutting some coconut husk surface with cutting machine tool. This machine has a dimension of 95 cm of length, 60 cm of width and 142 cm of height. The machine built using stainless steel, equipped with a bottom and top lever, an arrow-shaped holder, 2 cutting knives (body and shoulders parts), cutting knife on both the bottom and the top, 1 HP/1420 rpm electric motor and frame/stand. The position of the blade on body part has inner slope of 95 ° while the outer slope 85 °. Shoulder- cutting knife with an inner slope angle of 45° while the outer 45°. The time used for cutting coconut coir for 0 days storage is 172 seconds, 2 days storage is 178 seconds, and 4 days storage is 204 seconds. This machine is able to cut 21 young coconuts per hour, with unpeeled portion is around 1.1-11.27%. This machine is suitable for Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs), restaurants/cafes and young coconut traders. </p><p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p><br />Buah kelapa memiliki sifat yang kamba sehingga memerlukan banyak tempat pada saat dilakukan pengemasan. Kelapa muda dalam penyajiannya diperlukan bentuk yang menarik sehingga pelanggan lebih tertarik untuk minum air kelapa muda. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Baristand Industri Manado pada bulan Maret-Desember 2015. Kegiatan rekayasa alat mesin pemotong sabut kelapa muda telah dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk merancang dan menguji kinerja alat pemotong sabut kelapa muda. Kelapa muda dibentuk menyerupai berlian dengan maksud untuk menghilangkan sifat kamba pada sabut kelapa serta memberikan bentuk yang lebih elegan dan menarik. Pembuatannya dilakukan dengan cara memotong sebagian permukaan sabut kelapa dengan menggunakan mesin pemotong. Alat pemotong kelapa muda yang dirancang memiliki dimensi panjang 95 cm, lebar 60 cm dan tinggi 142 cm. Alat terbuat dari bahan stainless steel, dilengkapi dengan tuas/pengungkit bawah dan atas, dudukan kelapa bentuk panah, 2 buah pisau pemotong (bagian badan dan bahu), pisau pemotongan bagian dasar dan puncak, motor listrik 1 HP/1420 rpm, dan rangka/dudukan alat. Letak pisau pada alat pengupas atau pemotong sabut kelapa muda bagian badan (body) kelapa dengan sudut kemiringan bagian dalam 95° sedangkan bagian luar 85°. Pisau pemotong bahu dengan sudut kemiringan bagian dalam 45° sedangkan bagian luar 45°. Waktu yang digunakan untuk pemotongan sabut untuk kelapa yang berumur penyimpanan 0 hari adalah 172 detik, penyimpanan 2 hari dengan waktu 178 detik, dan penyimpanan 4 hari adalah 204 detik. Alat mesin yang dihasilkan mampu untuk memotong 21 buah kelapa muda per jam dengan bagian yang tidak terkupas adalah 1,1-11,27%. Penggunaan mesin pemotong sabut kelapa ini sesuai untuk Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM), restoran/cafe dan pedagang kelapa muda.</p>
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Gohardoust, Mohammad R., Asher Bar-Tal, Mohaddese Effati, and Markus Tuller. "Characterization of Physicochemical and Hydraulic Properties of Organic and Mineral Soilless Culture Substrates and Mixtures." Agronomy 10, no. 9 (September 16, 2020): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091403.
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Many arid and semiarid regions of the world face serious water shortages that are projected to have significant adverse impacts on irrigated agriculture and create unprecedented challenges for providing food and water security for the rapidly growing human population in a changing global climate. Consequently, there is a momentous incentive to shift to more resource-efficient soilless greenhouse production systems. Though there is considerable empirical and theoretical research devoted to specific issues related to control and management of soilless culture systems, a comprehensive approach that quantitatively considers relevant physicochemical processes within containerized soilless growth modules is missing. An important first step towards development of advanced soilless culture management strategies is a comprehensive characterization of hydraulic and physicochemical substrate properties. In this study we applied state-of-the-art measurement techniques to characterize six soilless substrates and substrate mixtures [i.e., coconut coir, perlite, volcanic tuff, perlite/coconut coir (50/50 vol.-%), tuff/coconut coir (70/30 vol.-%), and Growstone®/coconut coir (50/50 vol.-%)] that are used in commercial production in Israel and the United States. The measured substrate properties include water retention characteristics, saturated hydraulic conductivity, packing and particle densities, as well as phosphorus and ammonium adsorption isotherms. In addition, integral water availability and integral energy parameters were calculated to compare investigated substrates and provide valuable information for irrigation and fertigation management.
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Rassiah, Kannan, Paramananthan Balakrishnan, and Kamal Haron. "Analysis of Mechanical Properties between Sugarcane Bagasse/LDPE Composites versus Coconut Coir Wax/LDPE Hybrid Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 680 (October 2014): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.680.27.
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Development of new natural fiber composite for a good characteristic is the focus of many studies, because of their cellulose contents make their properties more potential. However, the main challenge in the research on natural fiber/ polymer composites is their poor compatibility. Based on that, the comparison study by chemical treatment of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) method and adding wax has been explored in two different processes to improve the compatibility of the natural fiber surface. The sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treated sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and coconut coir wax (CCW) in low density polyethylene (LDPE) as a reinforced matrix in fact, will enhance the mechanical properties of the resulting composites. In this study, four different compositions of (90/2, 90/4, 90/6, 90/8), with additional of 2% of NaOH and 2-8 % wax with sugarcane bagasse (SCB) / coconut coir respectively were tested. The specimens were analyzed by different techniques such as tensile test, hardness test, impact test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) according to ASTM standard. This research has shown that the presence of NaOH indicates higher tensile strength and impact strength compared to coconut coir wax (CCW). While for the young modulus and hardness test value shows coconut coir wax (CCW) has increased and improved. The morphological analysis was conducted to determine the effects of natural fiber bonding between the matrix materials for broken specimens after mechanical testing.
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Pham, Nguyen H. "Determination of the amount of irrigation water for cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown on four types of substrate." Journal of Agriculture and Development 17, no. 05 (October 16, 2018): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52997/jad.3.05.2018.
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There are many types of substrate used in soilless cultivation, but each substrate has differences in water holding capacity and aeration. Therefore, it is very important to determine the amount of water applied to cucumber grown in various substrates based on the estimated cucumber evapotranspiration requirements (ETc) that can enhance cucumber growth and development, improve yields but reduce costs. The experiment was carried out in the experiment site of Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City from June to August 2016 with four irrigation levels and four substrates that were arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. Four irrigation levels (60, 80, 100 and 120% of ETc) were allocated to main plots, and four substrates including 100% coconut coir, 50% coconut coir + 50% peanut shells, 50% coconut coir + 50% sand, and 50% sawdust + 50% sand were allocated to subplots. Growth attributes and yield components of cucumber were determined. The results showed that cucumber grown on the substrate 50% coconut coir + 50% sand and irrigated by 120% ETc (corresponding 226 mL/plant/day at 3 weeks after planting - WAP, 280 mL/plant/day at 3 - 5 WAP and 236 mL/plant/day at late 5 WAP) performed the highest absolute yield and commercial yield (7.50 kg/m2 and 7.48 kg/m2, respectively), and had the highest profit (71,738,746 VND 1,000/m2, and the profit ratio was 1.77).
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Konduru, Sreenivas, Michael R. Evans, and Robert H. Stamps. "Coconut Husk and Processing Effects on Chemical and Physical Properties of Coconut Coir Dust." HortScience 34, no. 1 (February 1999): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.1.88.
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Chemical properties of unprocessed coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) husks varied significantly among 11 sources tested. The pH and electrical conductivities were significantly different among husk sources and ranged from 5.9 to 6.9 and 1.2 to 2.8 mS·cm-1, respectively. The \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}\) \end{document}, \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}\) \end{document}, Ca, and Mg levels did not differ significantly among husk sources and ranged from 0.2 to 1.8, 0.2 to 0.9, 2.9 to 7.3, and nondetectable to 4.6 mg·kg-1, respectively. Levels of P, B, Cu, Fe, Ni, S, Zn, Mn, and Mo were all significantly different among husk sources and ranged from nondetectable levels to 33 ppm. The levels of Na, K, and Cl were significantly different among husk sources and ranged from 23 to 88, 126 to 236, and 304 to 704 ppm, respectively. Coir dust (CD) produced by screening of waste-grade coir through 3-, 6-, or 13-mm mesh screens had significantly different fiber content, bulk densities, total solids, total pore space, air-filled pore space, water-filled pore space, and water-holding capacities as compared with nonscreened waste-grade coir. However, screen size did not significantly affect the physical properties of CD. Neither compression pressure nor moisture level during compression of CD blocks significantly affected rehydration of compressed CD or physical properties of rehydrated CD.
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Azmi, M. A., Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah, and Maizlinda Izwana Idris. "Sandwich Composites of Glass Fibre Panel and Polyurethane/Coconut Coir Foam Core (GFRP - PUC)." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.391.
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In this work, sandwich composite properties were investigated by addition of coconut coir (CC). Fibres in the polyurethane foam cores ranges from 0 to 20 wt.%. Glass fibre reinforced epoxy panels were used as a skin and polyurethane foam as a core, these materials adhesively bonded to keep the whole structure attached with each other. Sandwich composite skins and core-skin bonding were attained via adhesive bonding technique. While polyurethane foam reinforced by coconut coir fibres were manufactured by using one shot process and polyurethane moulding method. Sandwich composite panels with different coir fibres compositions were subjected to the density test, weight per area test and flexural testing in order to investigate their physical and mechanical properties. From the experimental results and analysis, it was found that the sandwich composites with 10 wt.% of coir fibres offer higher mechanical properties.