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1
Heersink, Christiaan G. "Selayar and the Green Gold: The Development of the Coconut Trade on an Indonesian Island (1820–1950)." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 25, no. 1 (March 1994): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400006676.
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In the colonial period many Europeans considered coconuts a lazy man's crop. For the Indonesian population, however, they were a profitable form of cultivation, especially from the 1880s when the European oil and fats industry increasingly started to use copra, the dried kernel of the coconut, as a raw material for the production of soap and later also for margarine. Around one-third of world copra exports originated in the Netherlands Indies (Table 1), and copra was especially important for the economy of East Indonesia, where in 1939 it constituted 80 per cent of the total volume and 60 per cent of the total value of exports. In some parts of Indonesia copra even received the nickname of “green gold”. European involvement in coconut cultivation and the coconut trade nonetheless was limited. In the first half of this century, coconut growing was dominated by the indigenous population, which accounted for 94 per cent of Indonesian production, while Chinese merchants dominated the intermediate trade in copra.
2
R.Z. Margate, J.N. Maravilla, R.M. Ebuna, and M.N. Eroy. "RESPONSE OF COCONUT AND COFFEE TO FERTILIZERS APPLIED ON EITHER OR BOTH CROPS IN AN INTERCROPPING SYSTEM." CORD 10, no. 02 (December 1, 1994): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v10i02.282.
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A study to assess the effects of fertilizer application on either coconut or coffee or both, in an intercropping system was conducted from 1985 to 1991. at the Davao Research Center, Mindanao, Philippines. The coconuts were planted at 8 m x 8 m square system.
Fertilizer application on coconut intercropped with either fertilized or unfertilized coffee increased copra yield significantly. A very slight increase in copra per nut was noted on un‑fertilized coconut even with fertilized coffee intercrop indicating coconut did not benefit from the fertilizers applied on coffee. Bean yield of fertilized coffee was increased significantly by 202 percent under fertilized or unfertilized coconuts. But yield of unfertilized coffee did not increase even under fertilized coconut. There is a need to apply fertilizers separately to both crops.
Economic analysis revealed that fertilizer application to both coconut and coffee gave the highest net return, followed by fertilizer application on coffee alone.
3
Dahar, Darmiati, and Maharani Maharani. "ANALISIS NILAI TAMBAH KELAPA DI KECAMATAN PATILANGGIO KABUPATEN POHUWATO PROVINSI GORONTALO." JSEP (Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics) 11, no. 2 (October 27, 2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jsep.v11i2.5752.
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One of the coconut producing areas in Gorontalo Province is Pohuwato District. Subdistrict Patilanggio is one of subdistrict in Pohuwato District that has a high enough production. Coconut plants are still be the main plant in this area. The purpose of this research is to know coconut productivity and value added obtained by farmers (from the processing of coconuts into copra). Data analysis used is analysis of productivity calculation and value added analysis of coconut with hayami method. The study was conducted in Patilanggio Subdistrict by selecting 3 (three) villages with the most farmers, namely: Manawa Village, Suka Makmur Village, and Dulomo Village. The results obtained, namely: 1) Productivity of coconut in District Patilanggio based on results if data obtained 1.7 tons / ha. 2). The added value obtained from processing coconut into copra is Rp. 1,547,46 / kg with added value ratio obtained for 55,57%. This means if the value of the product by 1 unit increases the added value obtained at 0.5557 units. An added value ratio of more than 50% is said to be high. It means that the processing of coconut into copra has high added value.
4
Kelyombar, Helena ,., Nordy F. L. Waney, and Tommy F. Lolowang. "ANALISIS RANTAI NILAI MINYAK KELAPA (CCO, CRUDE COCONUT OIL) DI KECAMATAN SINONSAYANG KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN." AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 14, no. 3 (November 1, 2018): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.14.3.2018.21537.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the Coconut Oil Product Value Chain (CCO) in Sinonsayang District, South Minahasa Regency. Analysis of the coconut oil product value chain (CCO), there are several actors involved in the core process of the coconut oil product value chain (CCO) in Sinonsayang District and form a chain that has value. The actors involved included copra farmers, intermediary traders and PT. Cargill. The study lasted for 3 (three) months starting from June 2018 to August 2018 in Sinonsayang District, South Minahasa Regency. The data used are primary data obtained through interviews with 15 copra farmers, 5 brokers and PT. Cargill as a coconut oil (CCO) company. Secondary data was obtained from the Sinonsayang Sub-District Office and agencies related to research. The analysis used is using quantitative tools through cost and margin approaches. The results showed that the copra produced by farmers was 5,041 kg with a raw material of 20,165 coconuts. With the selling price of copra amounting to Rp.7,500 / kg and the value received by farmers is Rp.37,809,375. The trader buys copra raw material from the farmer as much as 5,041 kg then sells to the company as much as 5,083 kg at the price of 8,500 / kg and the value received by the trader is Rp.42,832,000. The company buys copra raw material from the trader as much as 5,083 kg. From copra raw material, the company produces crude coconut oil (CCO) of 3,527 kg and 1,007 Kg cake then exports the CCO at a price of Rp. 23,000 / kg and offers a price of Rp. 3,000 / kg value of Rp.84,134,600 . Each value chain actor obtains a margin that is in accordance with the effort made. * jnkd *.
5
Engr. Eutiquio E. Sudaria. "VILLAGE LEVEL ENERGY UTILIZATION OF COPRA PRODUCTION BY PRODUCTS IN EASTERN VISAYAS, PHILIPPINES." CORD 5, no. 02 (June 1, 1989): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v5i02.231.
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Coconut is one of the important crops of the farmers in Eastern Visayas. Forty‑two percent of the agricultural land of Eastern Visayas is planted to coconut. Coconut farmers are earning money mainly from the main product of coconut which is copra. The price of copra is fluctuating. Hence, there is a need for the farmers to utilize the by‑products of copra production to augment their income. The by‑products depend on the copra making practice of the farmers. For the direct splitting method where the nut with husk is split directly with an axe, combined husk with shell locally known as "binuongan" or "bukong" and water are the by‑products while the husking method has the byproducts of separate husk, shell, and water.
This paper covers only the utilization of the "binuongan", husk and shell. The water is excluded. Paper also describes the utilization of copra making by‑products practiced by farmers and developed at the Regional Coconut Research Center, VISCA, Baybay, Leyte.
6
S. Asnawi and S.N. Darwis. "THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF NPKMg FERTILIZERS ON SMALL HOLDER COCONUTS (A Case Study in Indonesia)." CORD 1, no. 01 (June 1, 1985): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v1i01.188.
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Before 1939, Indonesia was the largest copra exporter in the world (FAO 1983). But since then until 1970 it was only the second largest copra exporter after the Philippines (Heesch & Kuhlmann 1982). Between 1970 and 1980 the exports of copra from Indonesia declined drastically from 184,000 tons in 1970 to only 36,000 tons in 1980, on average a decrease of about 37.6 per cent per annum for the period (Asnawi & Darwis 1984). Since 1983 Indonesia has had to stop exports of copra due to a deficit in national coconut production relative to domestic needs. For example, in 1983 the total production of coconut in Indonesia was only about 2.4 million tons copra equivalent while the total consumption of coconut in the country in that year was about 2.48 million tons. Thus, there was a deficit in coconut production of about 80,000 tons copra equivalent in the country in that year (Asnawi & Darwis 1984).
7
Limbe, Indriani ,., Celsius Talumingan, and Caroline Betsi Diana Pakasi. "ANALISIS PENDAPATAN PETANI KELAPA DI KELURAHAN BENGKOL KOTA MANADO (INCOME ANALYSIS OF COCONUT FARMERS IN THE SUB-DISTRICT OF BENGKOL MANADO CITY)." AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 17, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.17.1.2021.32243.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the income of farmers in Bengkol Village, Manado City. Quantitative data analysis methods to determine the income of coconut farmers in Bengkol Village. The number of respondents 20 0 the sampling was done deliberately (purposive sampling). The results showed that the average income category of farmers who own land and sell coconuts in the form of copra is Rp. 15.654.536 categories of farmers who own land and sell coconuts in the form of coconuts Rp. 773,400 and for the category of farmers who do not own land but have capital to sell coconuts in the form of copra and coconuts Rp. 7,330,500
8
DR. PRAFULLA K. DAS. "PRICE BEHAVIOUR IN INDIA'S COCONUT SECTOR." CORD 7, no. 01 (June 1, 1991): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v7i01.246.
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Coconut being a smallholder perennial crop, studies on the price behaviour of its products require serious consideration. A cursory look into the price structures of coconut, copra and coconut oil reveal that the price fluctuations are not only infrequent, but also most violent. The seasonal indices show different patterns for different products.
The Compound Growth Rates of wholesale prices for coconut products are found to be around 10 per cent per annum between 1970 and 1989. The indices however suggest that the relative prices in coconut sector are declining even though the absolute prices show significant growths. The correlation coefficients (r) between wholesale prices of coconut products are assessed as, 0.99. The analysis of price behaviours in the important coconut product markets further reveals that those markets are highly competitive.
Attempts have been made to predict the prices of copra with the use of coconut oil prices; and the prices of coconut with the use of prices of either copra or coconut oil in the same market or in different markets. The prediction models are found out to be very good fit with the value of r2 ranging between 0.98 and 0.99.
9
C.K. Bandaranayake, W.B.S. Fernando, A. Fernando, and N. Herath. "DNA fingerprinting to distinguish the coconut type, San Ramon." CORD 21, no. 02 (June 1, 2005): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v21i02.403.
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San Ramon, an introduced type of coconut from Philippines, has long been in Sri Lanka. San Ramon has the advantage of producing high copra, high oil, and high-quality timber and also seemed to be less variable for bunch characters. In addition, it is a type of coconut having an ability to withstand long droughts and also coconut mites. Due to these outstanding beneficial characters, San Ramon has been used as a parent for effecting various crosses to transmit the drought tolerance nature and high copra outturn, to the offspring. The physical structure of San Ramon palms is much comparable to tall type coconuts though there are some specific characters predominantly seen in favourable environments. On top of these circumstances, it is not easy to separate San Ramon from other Talls and virtually impossible to distinguish pure San Ramon from San Ramon crosses by means of only morphological markers. Therefore, a molecular finger-printing method was attempted to distinguish pure San Ramon using already developed 10 coconut SSR primers. The results indicate the possibility of distinguishing pure San Ramon from its crosses with the help of 2 coconut SSR primers, CNZ6 and CNZ44.
10
Martin R Fowler. "ASPECTS OF COPRA PRODUCTION AND MARKETING IN VANUATU." CORD 3, no. 02 (June 1, 1987): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v3i02.203.
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Coconuts occupy the largest area under any crop in Vanuatu and provide employment and incomes for the majority of the rural population; copra exports have provided far and away the most important source of foreign exchange earnings during most of the past one hundred years, and their position remains paramount. Copra exports also provide an important source of Government revenue; and. finally, coconuts are an important component of the national diet.
Given the fundamental importance of the coconut subsector to the economic life of the country, a deeper understanding of its recent and projected evolution is essential for macro‑economic policy formulation.
11
Eutiquio E. Sudaria. "DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW COST SEMI DIRECT TYPE COPRA DRYER." CORD 9, no. 01 (June 1, 1993): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v9i01.266.
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Coconut farmers in the Philippines use different types of copra dryer in copra processing. Copra quality and income are very much affected by the type of dryer used. In the country, there are indirect, direct, and semi‑direct type dryers. The common types of dryer used by the coconut farmers especially in the Visayas are direct and semi‑direct ones. There is high probability of the direct dryer together with the copra in getting burned because the firing place is directly under the drying platform where the coconut meat is placed. Especially if the meat is reaching 10% or lower moisture content where oil is coming out and the fire is immediately under it. Semi‑direct type dryer is quite comfortable to use having the less probability of burning the copra and the dryer because the firing place is away from the drying platform. The firing place is only linked to the drying platform by a tunnel.
12
Guarte, Roberto C., Werner Mühlbauer, and Manfred Kellert. "Drying characteristics of copra and quality of copra and coconut oil." Postharvest Biology and Technology 9, no. 3 (December 1996): 361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-5214(96)00032-4.
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13
Severino S. Magat, PhD. "ACHIEVING COCONUT SUPPLY RELIABILITY THROUGH RESEARCH-BASED CROP NUTRITION MANAGEMENT OF COCONUT FARMS IN THE PHILIPPINES." CORD 19, no. 01 (June 1, 2003): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v19i01.363.
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A critical review of the PCA’s extensive R & D findings, and field-extension experience, particularly, the Small Coconut Farms Development Project or SCFDP (1990 - 1998) was done. The analysis revealed several key points relevant to pursue a sustained coconut rehabilitation of 750,000 hectares (ha.) @ a 5-year cycle in the wet and intermediate growing zones with judicious fertilization (crop nutrition management).
These major points are: (1) at least 2 million (M) ha of current stands of coconut ( more than 95 % local tall varieties) have been suffering from widespread multi-deficiency of plant nutrients such as nitrogen, chloride, sulfur, potassium, phosphorus and micronutrients like boron, zinc and copper; (2) as such, this is a major growth and yield-limiting factor that limits the average annual coconut productivity (40 nuts tree or 1 ton copra/ha); (3) the average performance (1992-95) of the SCFDP farms showed that coconut productivity increased to 91 nuts/tree (from 35 nuts) or to 3.01 tons copra/ha (from only 0.94) after at least 3 years of regular annual application of fertilizers; in 1998 ( post-rehabilitation of 3 years) yields dropped to 70 nuts/tree or 2.21 copra/ha; (4) onwards to year 2010, without management, these SCFDP farms are predicted to further drop to 25.9 nuts/tree ( 0.70 ton copra/ha/yr), based on the estimate 8-9% annual reduction rate of yield; and (5) apparently, nationwide, the SCFDP experience had shown that the soil nutrient-poor coconut farms are only capable of producing only about 1/3 of its achievable yield of 85 – 120 nuts/tree ( 2 –3 tons copra/ha), annually.
14
Eric L. Hyman, Ph. D. "WORLD MARKET CONDITIONS, GOVERNMENT POLICY AND THE COCONUT INDUSTRY IN THE PHILIPPINES." CORD 6, no. 01 (December 1, 1990): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v6i01.237.
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The Philippines has the largest planted area of coconuts in the world and this crop provides a significant amount of income and employment for smallholders and landless laborers. Nearly all of the coconut harvested is converted into copra for subsequent processing. The bulk of production is exported as crude coconut oil for industrial uses and copra cake for animal feed. Most of the rest goes into refined, edible oil for the domestic market. The industry is subject to major oscillations in supply and demand from year to year. Production is dominated by large‑scale firms currently operating at a low capacity use rate. Real prices may trend downward in the long run due to expanded production from an expansion in the planted area and greater reliance on high‑yield varieties, substitution of other oils, and trade policies of importing countries.
15
K. Satyabalan. "XENIA EFFECT AND HYBRID VIGOUR IN COCONUTS." CORD 11, no. 01 (June 1, 1995): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v11i01.291.
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In coconut the dried endosperin known os the copra is the most important econontic product os it is from the copra, oil is extracted by crushing. To increase the copra content in coconut Haldane (1958) had suggested that it should be possible to compare the size, oil content and other characteristics of the nut borne on the same tree after using pollen from two different pollen parents. The also indicated that the hybrid vigour may possibly show in nuts derivedfrom cross pollination since hybrid vigour in some species is largely due to increased seed weight. If so, it is possible that a mixed plantation may produce a better crop than either of the two breeds when grown alone. Studies on the nut and copra characteristics of Tall x Dwarf hybrids and their reciprocals with their parents in coconut have indicated the importance of selection of pollen parents for producing proinising hybrids which will give better yields and also nuts of better quality and quantity of copra. Hence in copra improvement progrannne by hybridization, selection of parents is of great importance for the production of hybrids which will not only give high yield of nuts and also yield higher outturn of good quality copra. Attempts have been made to identify the best combinersfor the production of high yielding hybrids. Restilts obtained are discussed in this paper.
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Suherman, Christian ,., Vicky V. J. Palenewen, and Arie D. P. Mirah. "ANALISIS KEUNTUNGAN PETANI KOPRA DI KECAMATAN TENGAKABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN." AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 12, no. 3A (December 20, 2016): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.12.3a.2016.14359.
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This study aims to determine whether the business copra in the district Tenga still profitable, to determine what the Break Event Point Tenga copra farmers in the district, and to identify factors - factors that affect business profits copra. The data used are primary and secondary data. Determination of the sample villages in this study using the "purposive sampling" of the sample villages selected intentionally or based on certain considerations that are copra and the village center is easily reached by researchers thus simplifying data retrieval. Data sample is taken from farmers who have land locations above 2 hectares that surround the District Tenga with a sample size of 40 farmers as respondents in the village Tawaang, Radey village, the village of Tenga, Sapa Village, Sapa West Village, and Village of Pakuweru. To answer the first objective used descriptive analysis and profit analysis, ntuk answered the second goal calculate the break even point. Break Even Point and to answer the third goal is to see how the influence of independent variables (independent variables) Xi is a factor of production to the dependent variable (the dependent variable) Y namely profits, used multiple linear regression analysis. Results can be concluded that the copra farmers economically advantageous in the study area, namely in terms of value - average R / C per farmer is 1.80 and the calculation results show that the break-even point copra farmers profitable because pass the impass point. Education, age, dependents, the experience of farmers, land area and the number of coconut palms simultaneously influence no significant effect on earnings copra farmers due to land and businesses copra in the area of research has become a legacy handed down so that the well management system has been implemented by itself while the factors of production cost effect the real income of farmers due to the advantage of copra business is strongly influenced by labor that perform processing of coconut climbing to cultivate coconuts into copra.
17
Hengky Novarianto. "Lampanah Local Tall-A High Yielding Variety for Replanting Coconut in Tsunami Affected Aceh Province Area." CORD 33, no. 2 (October 1, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v33i2.47.
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Aceh province is one of major coconut producing areas in Indonesia. In 2013 coconut areas in Aceh province was 107,654 ha in which total production of copra was equivalent to 63,743 tons. The entire coconut area in Aceh belong to smallholders. The coconut production in this area began to decrease in 2005 by an average of 9 percent per year, which was mainly caused by the tsunami. This had resulted in damage to many crops. Efforts to increase production and productivity of coconut plantation in Aceh needed rejuvenation of the old or unproductive coconut palms with the use of seeds of improved quality. Based on the results of the research conducted during 2014-2016, it is known that the origin of the Lampanah tall is passed from generation to generation and is a native of coconut in Aceh Besar Regent, Aceh Province. The morphology of Lampanah tall coconut comprising of the crown of leaves, stems, flowers and fruits in general is quite uniform. Of the data on the 23 quantitative characters, all have a value of coefficient of variance below 20%, except the character of 11 leaf scars obtained 23.29%. In the case of polar girth, Lampanah tall coconut is generally greater than the equatorial girth, fruit shape classified as round, egg-shaped and elliptic. The seednut of Lampanah tall generally round shape. The Lampanah tall coconut has the number of bunches at 13.35/palm and the number of fruit at 9.25 fruits/bunch or an average of 138 fruits/palm/ year. Fresh coconut meat weight is 449 g/nut or approximately 224 g copra/nut and the potential for copra production was 30.97 kg/palm/year or 3.80 tons of copra/ha/year. The fat content of Lampanah tall coconut was 66.40%, the water content of copra approximately 3.42% and protein at approximately 6.81%. Total saturated fatty acids was at 94.27%, medium chain saturated fatty acids at 67.21% and lauric acid content at 46.50%. The seed source of Lampanah tall coconut has been a selection of as much as 72 Selected Mother Palms (MAS) from a total of 407 palms of the High Yielding Block. The selected population is characterised with traits like copra yield more than 2.0 ton/ha/year, free from attack pests and diseases, number of bunch more than 12 per year, total nuts more than 7/bunch and weight of meat more than 400 g/nut. The MAS of Lampanah tall whole coconut has been marked using GPS. The Aceh government will build a minimum of 5 ha Coconut tall Seed Gardens on government land, as the development of source of Lampanah tall seednuts. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that the Lampanah tall coconut with plenty of nuts, at an average of 138 nuts per palm could be released as one of the national high yielding coconut.
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Ghosh, Probir Kumar, Paramita Bhattacharjee, Souvik Mitra, and Mousumi Poddar-Sarkar. "Physicochemical and Phytochemical Analyses of Copra and Oil ofCocos nuciferaL. (West Coast TallVariety)." International Journal of Food Science 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/310852.
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Coconut copra fromWest coast tallvariety, cultivated in Kerala, India, was subjected to aqueous and solvent extractions (usingn-hexane). Additionally, oil was extracted from the copra in Soxhlet assembly using petroleum ether (b.p. 60–80°C). Physicochemical and phytochemical analyses were conducted for the extracts and the oil, with commercial coconut oil as the experimental control. The physicochemical analyses showed that the aqueous extract of copra was milky-white in color with a sweet odor, while the solvent extract was pale yellow and odorless. The commercial oil had0.08±0.02% oleic acid and a TOTOX value of7.73±0.78, lower than the Soxhlet extracted oil. Among all the extracts and oils, best phytochemical properties, antioxidant activity (DPPH activity, IC50value0.04±0.01 mg/mL), total phenol (0.96±0.04 mg gallic acid eq./g dry copra), reducing power (40.49±1.84 mg BHT eq./g dry copra), and anti-inflammatory activity (NO activity, IC50 value0.77±0.06 mg/mL) were obtained in the commercial coconut oil, followed by the Soxhlet extracted oil, aqueous extract, and solvent extract. Fatty acid composition analyses showed mainly medium chain fatty acids in the copra oil with lauric acid as the predominant fatty acid (51.88% and 44.84% in Soxhlet extracted and commercial oils, resp.).
19
Lee, Terri Zhuan Ean, and Siong Fong Sim. "Application of Coconut Copra as Biosorbent for Removal of Heavy Metals." Key Engineering Materials 797 (March 2019): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.797.3.
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Previous studies have evidenced that coconut copra is a potential biosorbent for removal of dissolved organic carbon from peat swamp runoff attaining an average removal of 96 %. The capability of coconut copra in removing heavy metals including cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) is scarcely reported. In this paper, response surface methodology was applied to evaluate the optimum conditions for removal of Cd, Cr and Ni from aqueous solution using raw coconut copra. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted according to inscribed central composite design. Response surface models further identified the optimum dosage, pH and contact time for Cd removal is 1.5 g, pH 11 and 60 min, Cr removal is 0.1 g, pH 8.48 and 60 min while Ni removal is 0.1 g, pH 11 and 15 min. Bimodality is observed in response surface graphs, implying the possible existence of two equilibrium phase during the adsorption process. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models were employed to describe the adsorption behaviour. Results revealed that raw coconut copra can remove 4.55 mg/g of Cd, 8.71 mg/g of Cr and 26.46 mg/g of Ni. The adsorption processes are physical adsorption.
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Gerardo D. Padrones, Millicent I. Secretaria, and Severino S. Magat. "UNDERPLANTING OF YOUNG COCONUTS UNDER ADULT STANDS OF COCONUT PALMS FOR PRODUCTION OF EDIBLE VEGETATIVE PITH OR 'UBOD'." CORD 15, no. 02 (June 1, 1999): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v15i02.334.
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The feasibility and viability of producing edible vegetative coconut pith or 'ubod' from young coconuts planted with double plants per hill under adult coconut bearing palms was studied at the Philippine Coconut Authority - Davao Research Center, Bago Oshiro Davao City.
The average weight of 'ubod' from double planting scheme was 5.9 kg/palm (range 2.8 -9.4 kg) on the first year of 'ubod' harvest. There was a very slight increase (average of 0.2 kg/palm) in 'ubod' weight on the second year of harvest. The total ubod yield for two years harvesting schedule was 8.9 t/ha.
Under the Davao growing condition, cost and return analysis of 'ubod' production in double plants per hill scheme indicated a total net income of P129,030 per ha in 4 years with a return on investment (ROI) of 180%. While copra production from adult bearing palms realized a total of P 114,675 for 4 years with an average ROI of 242%. Considering copra plus 'ubod' yield from this production scheme, the cumulative net income and ROI obtained were: P 242,389.6 and 203% respectively.
Based on the results of this study with modest fertilizer application of ammonium sulfate plus common salt (NaCl), underplanting of two young coconuts per hill (spaced at two feet away from each other) at 3 x 3 m distance between spaces of bearing coconut palms harvested at three years from field-planting is a profitable and viable production scheme to increase farm productivity. The farm income with this coconut-based production is increased by 200% compared to coconut monocropping.
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Purnamasari, Wa Ode Dian. "ANALISIS PENGEMBANGAN KELAPA OLAHAN DI KECAMATAN MAWASANGKA KABUPATEN BUTON TENGAH." Media Agribisnis 2, no. 2 (October 22, 2019): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35326/agribisnis.v2i2.430.
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This study aims to analyze the development of processed coconut based on the financial feasibility aspect and additional value of development processed coconut. This study is conducted at Mawasangka subdistrict, Central Buton Regency. In drawing the total of the respondent, it is drawn with the Slovin formula as many 55 respondents from 122. The result of this study shows that the development of processed coconut at Mawasangka subdistrict, Central Buton Regency to copra production business and shell charcoal was declared viable based on financial analysis obtained R/C ratio in amount 1,67 for copra and shell charcoal get value in amount 5,47. the cultivation of coconut to copra and shell charcoal is done for 3-4 times production in a year. Based on the result, it is suggested that the quality and volume of cultivation of processed coconut in the Mawasangka subdistrict highly need to be increased in order to be able to compete in the global market. Promotion of cultivation of processed coconut in the Mawasangka subdistrict also still needs to be increased in order that the market can be more exposed and increase a total of customers to overcome the poor management and limited capital.
Keywords: feasibility analysis, processed coconut
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Zikri, Ahmad, Arizal Aswan, Erlinawati Erlinawati, Fatria Fatria, Yuda Pratama, Tiara Anggraini, and M. Bintang Cendikia. "Uji Kinerja Screw Oil Press Machine Ditinjau dari Rendemen dan Kualitas Minyak Kelapa yang Dihasilkan." FLUIDA 13, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35313/fluida.v13i2.2305.
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ABSTRAK
Minyak kelapa merupakan salah satu produk utama dari pengolahan daging kelapa melalui proses ekstraksi kering dan basah. Minyak kelapa dapat diproduksi melalui ekstraksi kering kopra mentah dengan perolehan minyak 63-65%, dan salah satu metodenya adalah dengan cara pengepresan mekanis menggunakan Mesin Screw Press Oil. Pada proses pengepresan, ada banyak faktor yang menyebabkan kehilangan minyak sehingga perolehan produk minyak menjadi lebih sedikit. Pada penelitian ini ditujukan untuk diperolehnya hasil minyak kelapa maksimum dengan mengamati faktor kondisi operasi selama proses pengepresan, seperti kecepatan putar sekrup dan temperatur. Selanjutnya, diperoleh juga jumlah intensitas konsumsi energi dan efisiensi menekan dalam proses produksi minyak kelapa dari bahan baku kopra menggunakan Mesin Screw Press Oil. Metode penelitian dimulai dengan tahap persiapan bahan dan tahap pengujian mesin dengan menganalisis intensitas energi dan efisiensi pengepresan pada Mesin Pengepres Minyak Sekrup yang dibutuhkan dalam proses pengepresan minyak kelapa dari kopra dalam hal hasil minyak kelapa yang dihasilkan.
Kata kunci: Mesin press minyak screw, kopra, minyak kelapa.
ABSTRACTCoconut oil is one of the main products from processing coconut meat through dry and wet extraction. In dry extraction, coconut oil is produced with raw copra material which has an oil content of 63-65%. The production process of coconut oil from copra is done by mechanical pressing using a Screw Press Oil Machine. In the pressing process, there are many factors that cause oil losses so that the acquisition of oil products becomes less. Therefore, this study aims to obtain maximum coconut oil yield by analyzing several factors of operating conditions during the pressing process such as screw rotational speed and temperature. Furthermor, it is also obtained the amount of energy consumption intensity and pressing efficiency in the production process of coconut oil from copra raw materials using the Screw Press Oil Machine. The research method begins with the preparation stage of the material and the engine testing stage by analyzing the energy intensity and pressing efficiency at the Screw Oil Press Machine needed in the process of pressing coconut oil from copra in terms of the yield of coconut oil produced.
Keywords: Screw oil press machine, copra, coconut oil.
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N. T M. H. De Silva, L. J Kiele, and A. F. Lagap. "PRODUCTION RESPONSE TO PRICES IN THE COCONUT INDUSTRY OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA." CORD 3, no. 02 (June 1, 1987): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v3i02.204.
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Coconut is one of the first plantation crops of Papua New Guinea. In 1922‑23 coconut made up 90 percent of exports and in 1950 it contributed 69 percent of the export earnings (Sackett and Williamson, 1977). Area under the crop is about 265,000 hectares or 0.6 percent of the total land area in the country (Charles, 1980, Turner, 1985). Relatively lower copra prices which prevailed especially in 1970s, the escalating cost of production coupled with Government policies aimed towards the diversification of country's export base have primarily resulted in copra becoming the 3rd(l) export earner of PNG. These changes nevertheless have not given rise to any marked decline in the copra production. What seems to have occurred is that the value of exports from other tree crop industries have exceeded the export value of copra.
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Severino S. Magat Ph.D. "COCONUT YIELD IMPROVEMENT IN FARMERS' FIELDS THROUGH RESEARCH BASED FERTILIZATION MANAGEMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES." CORD 13, no. 02 (June 1, 1997): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v13i02.309.
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For the past 20 years, the development of leaf analysis or foliar diagnosis ofcoconut, supported and confirmed by a network offertilizer experiments (onstation and on‑farm trials) demonstrated the significance of improving coconut yields in terms Of nuts and copra through balance nutrition or fertilization ofpalms.
In the Philippines, emphasis on the correction of the widespread deficiencies in N, Cl, S and K had been achieved even in small‑scale farms with 142% average increase in nut yield and 179% increase in copra terms after 3‑4 years of application at moderate rates offertilizers.
Research findings are discussed in relation to the coconut rehabilitation of mature stands and the utilization of coconut hybrids in the ‑ sustainable coconut development.
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Herdhiansyah, Dhian. "Identification of Coconut Business Potential with Location Quotient (LQ) in West Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi." JURNAL AGROINDUSTRI HALAL 6, no. 2 (October 15, 2020): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jah.v6i2.2653.
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The potential for developing coconut commodity plantations in Tiworo Islands, West Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi has not been utilized. This study aims to (a) identify the form and type and copra business capacity; and (b) find out the potential of a coconut business located in Tiworo District, West Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. Determination of the location of research carried out deliberately (purposive). The method used is a questionnaire and interview. The analysis used is descriptive-analytical and Location Quotient (LQ) analysis. The results showed that the form of coconut business in the District of Tiworo Kepulauan Muna Barat Regency is classified as a micro business with assets of 50 million each with a total income in the copra business having a garden of Rp. 36,733,125. Then the total coconut business income without processing Rp. 6,493,522 and the total copra business income without having a garden is Rp. 43. 226,647. Potential identification based on the Location Quotient (LQ) calculation shows that the average value of the calculation of a coconut business by owning a plantation and a coconut business without processing of 1.1 is included in the base category, meaning that these two coconut businesses are superior coconut businesses. while the coconut business without owning a garden of 0.8 is classified in the Non-base category or has not yet become a leading business so it needs to be developed further so that this business can become a superior business and be able to compete with other businesses that already exist in the district of Tiworo Islands, West Muna Regency Southeast Sulawesi.Keywords: Potential, Coconut Business, analytical descriptive, Location Quotient, West Muna
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Cerepak, Philip Jan. "Establishing the Intimate Link: 20th Century Tropical Agriculture and the Establishment of the Coconut Zone." Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration 4, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmsni.v4i1.8026.
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This paper examines the role of colonial science institutions in imagining and developing the Coconut Zone, an area of intense coconut production that extends from the small Pacific island chains encompassing the Caroline and the Marshall Islands, all the way to northern Papua, the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, and Southern India. Through an examination of European colonial science institutions, as well as the Philippine Bureau of Science, and Agriculture, this paper establishes the intimate connection between western consumers and tropical producers. Here, within the agricultural institutions, we are able to see the burgeoning demand for copra production and a formation of a distinct Coconut Zone. This paper builds upon Sydney Mintz’s theoretical articulation of sugar production to situate copra, the dried meat of the coconut, in conversation with other global, colonial commodities.
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R. Dhanapal, H.P. Maheswarappa, and P. Subramanian. "INFLUENCE OF DRIP IRRIGATION ON GROWTH, NUT CHARACTERS AND YIELD OF COCONUT IN LITTORAL SANDY SOIL." CORD 18, no. 02 (December 1, 2002): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v18i02.360.
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A field experiment was conducted at Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, India for six years (1993-1999) to study the impact of drip irrigation levels and mulching on coconut in littoral sandy soil. The treatments consisted of three levels of drip irrigation (66, 100, and 133 % of open pan evaporation (E0)) along with basin irrigation (100 % of E0) and rainfed control as main plot treatments and mulching with coconut leaves and no mulching as sub plot treatments. The experimental results revealed that annual leaf production and leaf nutrient status of coconut was better in the irrigated treatments compared to the rainfed control. The drip irrigation at 66 per cent of E0 (27 litres of water per palm per day during December-January months and 32 litres of water per palm per day during February-May months) resulted in water saving and the nut yield was on par with 100 per cent and 133 per cent of E0 through drip and 100 per cent of E0 through basin irrigation and differed significantly compared to rainfed control. The nut characters like nut weight, husk weight, copra thickness, copra content and copra yield was superior under irrigated treatments compared to rainfed control. The copra yield was 499 kg per ha under rainfed condition, where as it was 2087 to 2202 kg per ha under irrigated treatments. Irrigation along with mulching with coconut leaves resulted in significantly higher nut yields.
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H W S de Silva. "AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION MEASURES IN THE COCONUT INDUSTRY OF SRI LANKA." CORD 1, no. 01 (May 2, 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v1i01.182.
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The apparent objectives of the govemment intervention measures in the coconut industry are identified and ranked. The inadequacy of data prevents estimation of basic coefficients required for the analysis. The partial equilibrium‑analysis based on “a prior' expectations shows that the opportunities available to improve the tenns of trade in desiccated coconut and edible copra exports justify government intervention in these two products in the foriu of export duties. There may also be some justification for expanding extension services and public investment on coconut researeh, which enables to realise the production objective of government. The implications of the study crucially depend on the assumptions and the partial equilibrium technique used.
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Atan, Mohd Farid, K. A. Mapi, S. N. F. Ghazali, Nazeri Abdul Rahman, and Shanti Faridah Salleh. "Adsorption of Humic Substances by Using Coconut Copra." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.251.
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Nowadays, consumers are concern about the quality of water that being supplied in order to ensure the water supplied is free from any harmful substances for example like Humic Substances (HS). High concentration of HS in drinking water can cause disease for human such as stomach cancer. Thus, it is important to develop a new technique to improve the quality of drinking water. Therefore, the objective of this research is to investigate the potential of using coconut copra treated with citric acid as activated carbon in adsorbing HS contained in wastewater collected from Asajaya Treatment Plant situated in district of Samarahan, Sarawak. In this research, the optimum condition of adsorption process need to determined. As such, there are two types of parameters which are considered as constant; temperature and pH of activated carbon and variable; solid liquid ratio and residence time. As a result, this research has shown that coconut copra possess the capacity to adsorp 97.5% of HS contained in wastewater.
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Wareham, David G., Panagiotis Elefsiniotis, and Jeanette White. "Anaerobic digestion of coconut copra: methane generation potential." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science 9, no. 3 (September 2014): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jees.14.00004.
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Siloto, Neprianus ,., Welson M. Wangke, and Theodora M. Katiandagho. "PERBANDINGAN PENDAPATAN PETANI KOPRA JEMUR DAN KOPRA ASAP (STUDI KASUS DESA PASLATEN SATU KECAMATAN TATAPAAN)." AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 13, no. 2A (August 10, 2017): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.13.2a.2017.17058.
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This study aims to see the comparison of income that is located in Paslaten Village between copra clay farmers and dried copra farmers. This research was conducted in March 2016 until August 2016. The data used in this research is using direct interview with 10 (Ten) ie 5 respondents of Copra smoke farmer and 5 respondents of Copra Drying farmers. The data obtained will be tabulated and analyzed in a quantitative and descriptive way. The results of this study indicate the average total income of peanut copra farmers is Rp. 5,371,671.26 in one production, while the average total income of dried coconut copper is Rp. 2,533,740.30 in one production.
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L.H. Canja, S.S. Magat, and R.Z. Margate. "LONG-TERM COCONUT LEAF PRUNING (CLP) EFFECTS ON CBFS: COCONUT-COFFEE AGROECOSYSTEM." CORD 19, no. 02 (June 1, 2003): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v19i02.374.
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A long-term study on the response of ‘Laguna’ tall (LAGT) palms and coffee intercrop to coconut leaf pruning (CLP) was conducted at the PCA-Davao Research Center from 1993 to 2001 to determine the effect of coconut leaf pruning on the productivity of coconut + coffee cropping system.
The coconut leaf pruning technique did not significantly affect the yield and nutrition of coconut in all the years of observation. However, lower number of nut and weight of copra per tree were observed on palms with CLP than those without CLP, but with a slight improvement in copra weight per nut.
Likewise, CLP did not affect the coffee yield and leaf nutrient levels. Among the coffee varieties tested, the Excelsa had the highest green bean yield. The Robusta (Ivory Coast and Philippine strains) and Arabica had similar yield and crop nutritional status. While they had similar leaf N, K and B contents that were higher than that of Excelsa, they also had lower leaf levels of Ca, Cl and S.
Coffee needs, 1,000-3,000 foot-candles of sunlight, which is within the available light transmission (1,750-4,050 foot-candles) under palms with and without CLP. Hence, CLP is not necessary anymore in coconut with coffee intercrop.
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Susan M. Rivera and Flordeliza A. Lantican. "Market Level Price Analysis of Copra Trading in the Philippines." CORD 26, no. 1 (April 1, 2010): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v26i1.133.
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The dynamics in market level prices was examined for Philippine copra trading. The analysis of the price formation process in the copra miller-dealer-farmer markets showed that a weak form of market integration characterized the trading of copra resecada between dealers and millers in all Philippine regions. In contrast, integration of any form was absent between miller-farmer and dealer-farmer in all regions except in Region V. Likewise, no integration was noted in all market levels when dealers and millers used copra resecada price while farmers were given the copra corriente Pasa price. Important factors were identified that contributed to the level of market integration. Recommendations made encompass areas on coconut production and productivity, market infrastructure and facilities, and pricing system in copra trading.
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Ayasan, Tugay. "Use of Copra Meal in Poultry and Ruminant Nutrition." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 4, no. 2 (January 31, 2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i2.61-65.560.
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Copra meal (CM) is an important feed ingredient and the by-product of the oil extraction from dried coconut kernels. This product, although copra meal has a moderate protein content (15-25%); because of a high cellulose content (11.63-16.00%) and some limiting amino acids (particularly lysine and methionine), limits its use as a basic source of protein in poultry due to insufficient. Copra meals are more suitable common supplements as both an energy and protein source for ruminants. In this paper, nutritional researches performed with the copra meal usage on poultry and ruminant species have been reviewed.
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Akmal, Atqo, Warto Warto, and Sariyatun Sariyatun. "The Rapid Growth of Coconut Estates in Indragiri Hilir 1980s – 1990s." Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jscl.v5i2.23594.
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Coconut estate is one of the vital agriculture sub-sectors in Indonesia because it has an important role in absorbing employment. In the early 20th century, Netherland Indies was one of the major copra exporters globally, and the eastern region of Nusantara contributed as the leading producer. However, in the 1930s – 1950s, the coconut-based economy's contraction phase in the eastern region had weakened the whole production. The Indonesian government tried to recover coconut estates and its economic market through several efforts, such as rehabilitating smallholder coconut estates, recovering copra trading, and starting coconut industrialization. Used historical research methods, this article described the shifting of Indonesia coconut-based economy from the past center of trade and production, in the eastern region of Indonesia, to a recent major producer and industry cluster in the Indragiri Hilir, Riau Province. In the 1980s – 1990s, the government efforts to improve coconut commodities have led to shifting the Indonesian coconut-based economy to Indragiri Hilir. Several policies issued by the government such as Smallholder Coconut Development Project, Proyek Peremajaan Rehabilitasi dan Perluasan Tanaman Ekspor (PRPTE), Nucleus Estate Smallholder (NES), Nucleus Estate Smallholder Transmigration (NES-Trans), and the local government funding, as well as the liberalization of coconut trading regulation, had stimulated rapid growth of coconut estates in Indragiri Hilir. Even though several schemes and governments attempt to develop smallholder coconut estates, the expansion rate was mostly dominated by self-funded smallholder coconut estates. During the 1980s – 1990s, the increasing demand for coconut from large-scale processing industries had attracted the smallholder to cultivate coconut.
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HAQ, M. A. "Coconut destiny after the invasion of Aceria guerreronis (Acari: Eriophyidae) in India*." Zoosymposia 6, no. 1 (December 20, 2011): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.6.1.26.
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The coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer, has emerged as a common menace to most of the coconut plantations in India. After its first upsurge in Kerala at the end of the 1990´s, the mite has spread to many states in southern and northern India, causing considerable damage. Coconut provides one third of the agricultural income in the regions in which it is grown and more than 10 million people are dependent on this cash crop directly or indirectly through coconut-based industries like coir, copra, oil, honey, furniture, handicrafts, beverages, bakery products and so on. The economic instability of the coconut farming community and the people employed in coconut-based industries rank the highest order. A critical assessment of the various problems created by A. guerreronis in the agricultural economy of India is presented in order to supplement data on crop loss through nut malformation, nut fall, loss in fibre and copra. Varietal differences in susceptibility of the plant and future strategies in terms of management practices for an early control of the mite are discussed, and suggestions for future activities to alleviate mite damage are presented.
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O. Roupsard. "Coconut Carbon Sequestration Part 2 / Strategies for the Carbon Market & Simulating Potential Incomes for Coconut CDM Projects." CORD 24, no. 1 (April 1, 2008): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v24i1.156.
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The following article is a review of possible strategies of the coconut sector facing the carbon market, through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Protocol of Kyoto, but also through Non-Kyoto (voluntary) initiatives. It sums up the conditions for certifying plantations, together with recent statistics of similar projects accepted by UNFCCC, which are currently displaying a rapid growth rate. It stresses the complexity of the CDM, but also the accessibility for coconut energy & afforestation + reforestation (A/R) projects, considering that coconut plantations do actually correspond to the definition of “forest”.
Using recent scientific information on C cycle of coconut plantations and coconut oil, it proposes also a simulation of the expected potential profitability of coconut energetic and A/R projects. From the point of view of the farmer and of the oil mill, in absence of any CDM project (the reference here), the value-added comes mainly from local processing of the copra into coconut oil. When implementing a short-term A/R project (t-CER), the value-added by C fixation in the ecosystem would be ca. +15 to +19%, as compared to the copra and oil references. When implementing a long-term project (l-CER), the value-added would reach +40 to +52%. When implementing an energy-oil project solely, the value-added by C fixation in the coconut oil would be only +5% (this not including other benefits at national scale, however). When implementing a dual A/R + energy-oil project, the value-added by C fixation would be +19% for t-CER, and +45% for l-CER with respect to the copra and oil references. These results are just potential values given for example, suspected to vary much according to the actual conditions of coconut plantation productivity, management and also C market conditions. However, the simulation clearly supports every APCC initiative in this direction.
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Severino S. Magat , Ph.D. "AN ASSESSMENT OF THE POST-REHABILITATION (FERTILIZATION) OF COCONUT IN SCFDP FARMS, PHILIPPINES." CORD 15, no. 01 (June 1, 1999): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v15i01.321.
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Selected sample farms (79) under the Small Coconut Farms Development Project (SCFDP, Philippines) representing five (5) regions and nine (9) provinces were evaluated. The yield trends: (1) initial or benchmark; (2) during rehabilitation period (3-4 years); and (3) post-rehabilitation period (2) years were examined using the nut and copra yield estimation method of the PCA (MAGAT, 1995).
On nut yield, the benchmark average annual yield of 35 nuts/tree increased to 91 nuts/tree during the rehabilitation (rehab) period but dropped to 70 nuts/tree during the post-rehabilitation (post-rehab) period or two (2) years without fertilizer application. This 160% increase in nut production (1995) followed by a reduction of 23% at the post-rehab period is indicative of a moderate to strong residual fertilizer effect after the significant rehabilitation of palms by fertilizer application (supplying mainly N, K, Cl and S fertilizer nutrients). On copra yield, the pre-rehabilitation annual copra yield of 0.94 t ha reached 3.01 t/ha during the rehab period, followed by a drop to 2.21 t/ha at post-rehab. The copra yield increase of 220% during the rehab (1995) is mainly due to the increase in nut yield and nut size or copra weight per nut. An average reduction of 27% during the post- rehab period was observed but in some areas the yield of palms dropped close to pre-rehabilitation nut and copra levels, suggesting lower degree of fertilizer residual effects compared to other coconut regions.
Implications of findings in relation to the rehabilitation by judicious fertilization of low-yielding, nutritionally-deficient non-senile palms are discussed.
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Lay, A., and Ismail Maskromo. "Kinerja Alat Pengeringan Kopra Sistem Oven Skala Kelompok Tani dan Karakteristik Produk / Performance of Copra Drying Oven System of Farmer Scale and Product Characteristics." Buletin Palma 17, no. 2 (October 18, 2017): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bp.v17n2.2016.175-183.
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<p>Traditional copra processing by smoking and sun drying methods will produce low quality copraand oil. In order to improve the quality of copra and oil, copra drier through oven system with controlled drying temperature is a necessity. The purpose of this research is to design a copra dryer through oven system that can be utilized by farmer groups. Research carried out from May 2014 to December 2015, with tool’s construction and field test conducted at the Repair Engineering and Laboratory Equipment of Indonesian Palm Crops Research Institute. Moreover, copra and oil’s quality analysis performed at Research and Standardization of Industrial Institute Laboratory, Manado. The quality analysis is based on valid quality standard. The research results showed that copra drier system on a farmers scale, using coconut coir as a fuel, has been built with capacity of 1550-1650 coconuts/process period. Drying temperature is varied between 28-70 Cwith optimum temperature at 55-60 C and drying time approximately 27 hours.It produces various copra such as, white copra, brown copra and dark copra, with water content of 4.36-4.88%, fat content of 63.53-64.17% and Free Fatty Acid of 0.05-0.12%. White copra, which then processed into frying oil, produced white color oil with water content of 0.05%, peroxide value 0.13 meq O2/kg without any lead (Pb) detected in the oil. As a result, coconut oil can be safely consumed without any purification process. In conclusion, copra drying through oven system is sufficient enough to apply for farmers group in order to encourage excellent quality copra and oil processing.</p><p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Pengolahan kopra secara tradisional dengan cara pengasapan dan penyinaran matahari menghasilkan kopra dan minyak bermutu rendah. Untuk meningkatkan mutu kopra dan minyak diperlukan alat pengeringan kopra sistem oven dengan suhu pengeringan terkontrol. Penelitian bertujuan untuk merancang alat pengering kopra sistem oven yang dapat diaplikasikan pada kelompok tani. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2014 sampai Desember 2015, perancangan alat dan uji lapang dilakukan di Bengkel Rekayasa Alat Balai Penelitian Tanaman Palma, analisis mutu kopra dan minyak kelapa di Laboratorium Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Manado. Hasil penelitian menun-jukkan bahwa telah dirancang alat pengering kopra sistem oven skala kelompok tani, yang menggunakan bahan bakar sabut kelapa, kapasitas olah 1550-1650 butir kelapa/periode proses. Pengeringan kopra dengan suhu pengeringan bervariasi 28-70ºC, suhu optimal 55-60ºC, waktu pengeringan 27 jam, dihasilkan kopra beragam, yakni kopra putih, kopra coklat, dan kopra gelap, kadar air 4,36-4,88%, kadar lemak 63,53-64,17% dan kadar ALB 0,05-0,12%. Kopra putih yang diolah menjadi minyak kelapa, menghasilkan minyak kelapa berwarna putih, kadar air 0,05%, bilangan peroksida 0,13 meq O2/kg, dan tidak terdeteksi cemaran logam timbal (Pb). Minyak kelapa yang dihasilkan dapat dikonsumsi sebagai minyak goreng walaupun tanpa proses pemurnian. Alat pengeringan kopra sistem oven, cukup memadai untuk diaplikasikan pada kelompok tani dalam menunjang pengolahan kopra dan minyak bermutu baik.</p>
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Suryani, Erma, and Virna Muhardina. "Pengaruh Konsentrasi Asam Askorbat dan Waktu Perendaman terhadap Kadar Air dan Bilangan Peroksida pada Minyak Kopra." Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pertanian Indonesia 8, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jtipi.v8i1.5252.
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(Effect of Ascorbic Acid Concentration and Soaking Time on Water Content And Peroxide Numbers of Copra Oil) ABSTRACT. Copra oil is a product produced from the dried coconut through several stages of drying until the moisture content reaches 5-6%. Copra oil susceptible to oxidation due to containing high fat content. This causes the oil susceptible to rancidity, discoloration and odor. One of the efforts to prevent the oxidation of foods high in fat can be done with the giving ascorbic acid as an antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to determine the ascorbic acid concentration and coconut meat soaking time in the solution as well as to determine the effect of ascorbic acid on the water content and peroxide numbers of copra oil. This study used a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 factorial and three levels: (1) ascorbic acid concentration (0.5%, 1% and 1.55%) and (2) soaking time (10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes). The results showed that ascorbic acid concentration has significant effect (P≤0,01) on peroxide number. While soaking time has significant effect on the water content and peroxide.
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Atmojo, Ery, and Rajab Rajab. "ANALISIS RANTAI NILAI KOMODITI KELAPA (Cocos nucifera L.) DI DISTRIK MISOOL UTARA KABUPATEN RAJA AMPAT." Agrinimal Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Tanaman 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/ajitt.2019.7.1.26-33.
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Besides using area approach, pre-eminent product development such as coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) commodities in North Misool also need apply value chain approach. The aim of this research were to know both value chain and the strategic value of coconut product as main agriculture commodity in North Misool. Primary data collecting technique was conducted by means of structural semi interview method for man to man of respondent ar by using focus group discussion. Data type collected in this study was classified to primary and secondary data. Primary data obtained by interview to all of importance respondents and field observation, while secondary data sekunder obtained from literacy study from government agency documents and reports such as BPS, Bappeda, and other relevant references. Data collection was analysed by using the qualitative method. The result of research showed that the rate of the coconut plantation harvest in North Misool was 1,646 hectare, with coconut production reach up to 805.94 tones per year and the mean of its contribution for earnings of farmers was equal to 4.97 million rupiah per month. The value chain of coconut product was started by production, processing and copra gathering gone the round of altogether sold to interisland merchant then selling copra to Bitung. The program to increase both productivity and agribisnis of coconut was estimated can increased coconut product up to 10% per year.
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Anwar, Hasanuddin. "DINAMIKA TATA NIAGA KOPRA DI MINAHASA (1946-1958)." Patanjala : Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya 10, no. 2 (September 10, 2018): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v10i2.381.
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Telah menjadi ingatan kolektif masyarakat Minahasa bahwa tanaman kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) merupakan komoditas strategis yang memiliki peran sosial, budaya, dan ekonomi. Dalam konteks ini, pengolahan kelapa menjadikan kopra merupakan produk penting dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani dan pembangunan di daerah Minahasa. Setelah Indonesia merdeka, terjadi perebutan monopoli tata niaga kopra baik melalui Pemerintah Pusat (Jakarta), Pemerintah Daerah (Minahasa), maupun militer (Teritorium VII Wirabuana). Hal ini menyebabkan tata niaga kopra semakin tidak terkendali. Ekspor kopra yang diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi ekonomi berubah menjadi masalah politik setelah munculnya peristiwa Permesta. Mengacu pada masalah tersebut, artikel ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kondisi historis tata niaga kopra di Minahasa tahun 1946-1958. Secara metodologis, artikel ini merupakan studi yang bertumpu pada penelitian pustaka dan arsip. Akhirnya artikel ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa kebijakan Pemerintah Pusat dalam mengatur tata niaga kopra menimbulkan kekecewaan dan diskriminasi bagi masyarakat Minahasa. Timbulnya kekecewaan masyarakat Minahasa menyebabkan tata niaga kopra sebagai kekuatan ekonomi berubah menjadi gerakan politik anti Pemerintah Pusat. It has become a collective memory of the Minahasa community that coconut plants (Cocos nucifera L.) are strategic commodities that have a social, cultural, and economic role in their lives. In this context, coconut processing makes copra an important product in improving the welfare of farmers and regional development. After Indonesian independence, the copra trading system being monopolized by Copra Foundation, which controlled by central government (Jakarta), local government (Minahasa), and military (Teritorium VII Wirabuana. This causes the copra trade system to become increasingly out of control and dissatisfaction of the Minahasa community. Copra as an economic power turns into an anti-Central Government political movement. There was a takeover of a number of CopraFoundation assets in Manado, and established the Minahasa Coconut Foundation. Then came the demands of regional autonomy by forming the Province of North Sulawesi. The Port of Bitung as an in-out gateway for goods, was only used for barter trade and smuggling of copra abroad, especially Singapore which involved a number of Minahasa civilian officials and military officers. Copra exports are expected to contribute economically has turned into a political problem.
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J. C. Barrett T W. Hammonds and R. V. Harris. "A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF A SMALL SCALE COCONUT OIL EXPELLER OPERATION IN THE COOK ISLANDS." CORD 3, no. 02 (June 1, 1987): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v3i02.202.
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Small‑scale processing of copra was demonstrated to be technically feasible and potentially very profitable in the Cook Islands using equipment comprising a copra chopper, a screw press and a filter press. At through‑puts close to 65 kg per hour, yields of ciarified oil and copra cake were around 55 per cent and 40 per cent respectively, on a weight basis. A consumer survey indicated that coconut oil could be marketed as a cooking oil to substitute for imported vegetable oils; potential use in soap manufacture was also identified, while copra cake was readily marketed for animal feeding. For an initial establishment cost of just under NZS 100,000 the f‑mancial internal rate of return for investment in small‑scale copra processing in the Cook Islands, provided that all output can be marketed, is calculated as 49 per cent, which is very attractive. Prospects for the success of similarventures at locations elsewhere in the Pacific are promising.
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J.M.N. Marikkar. "Distinguishing Coconut Oil from Coconut Paring Oil using Principle Component Analysis of Fatty Acid Data." CORD 28, no. 1 (April 1, 2012): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v28i1.105.
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A study was carried out to distinguish coconut oil from coconut pairing oil by the application of principal component analysis (PCA) to fatty acid compositional and iodine value data. Five samples of ordinary coconut oil extracted from five different batches of copra and five samples of coconut pairing oil obtained from five batches of dried coconut pairings were employed. Fatty acid composition and iodine values of oil samples were determined individually and the data were analyzed statistically. PCA analysis showed that lauric and oleic acid contents and iodine value data are the most influencing parameters to discriminate coconut oil from coconut pairing oil. Hence, the application of PCA to fatty acid compositional and iodine value data was successful in distinguishing coconut oil from coconut pairing oil.
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K Satyabalan. "EFFECT OF WEATHER FACTORS ON COCONUT AND COP PRODUCTION IN KERALA, INDIA." CORD 13, no. 01 (June 1, 1997): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v13i01.305.
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Studies made on the constituents of the coconut fruits harvested from West Coast Tall coconut palms grown under rainfed conditions during the different seasons of the year identified as hot weather season from March to May, southwest monsoon season from June to August, North east monsoon season from September to November and cold weather season from December to February in Kerala, India have indicated that the fruits harvested during the hot weather season arc smaller in size but more in number than those harvested during the other seasons of the year. They have low husk content but more kernel content resulting in more copra content per nut. Shell content also is high in these nuts. In the case of fruits harvested during other seasons of the year the number of nuts obtained is low. They are larger in size and have more husk content but less kernel and copra content per nut. The nut characteristics arc very much influenced by the weather conditions prevailing during the twelve month period of development from the fertilized flower to the mature nut. The studies also show that the effects of the season are not operating in the same way or to the same extent on the different constituents of the fruit like husk, kernel, shell and copra. This is evident from the variation in the constituents of the fruit. The data indicate that maximum output of kernel, shell and copra are obtained from the palms during the hot weather season.
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Jumarniati, Jumarniati, Muhammad Rusli Baharuddin, and Wakifatul Hisani. "Peluang Wirausaha Mandiri melalui Diversifikasi Olahan Kelapa." To Maega : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 3, no. 2 (August 5, 2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35914/tomaega.v3i2.381.
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AbstrakMitra dalam PKM ini adalah Kelompok Tani Kelapa Kecamatan Bone-bone, Kabupaten Luwu Utara, Sulawesi Selatan yang membudidayakan tanaman kelapa dan mengolahnya menjadi Kopra. Permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra yaitu rendahnya nilai jual kelapa dan olahan kelapa (Kopra) belum mampu mengangkat perekonomian petani serta keberadaan limbah kelapa berupa air kelapa, pelepah dan daun yang menyebabkan terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan dan menjadi sarang hama. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, tim pelaksana menawarkan alternatifik solusi berupa Prospek Wirausaha Mandiri melalui Diversifikasi Olahan Kelapa. Bentuk kegiatan dari PKM Petani Kopra ini adalah Pendampinagn Pembuatan dan Pemanenan Nata de Coco dan Pelatihan Kewirausahaan dan Pengemasan Produk. Target Luaran dari kegiatan PKM ini adalah peningkatan pengetahuan mitra dalam membuat nata de coco Pengemasan produk, manajemen pemasaran dan dasar-dasar akuntasi keuangan. Selain itu, lahir wirausaha baru skala home industry berbasis potensi daerah dan meningkatnya pendapatan petani kelapa.Kata Kunci: Limbah Kopra, Wirausaha Mandiri, Nata de Coco AbstractPartners in the Community Partnership Program are the Coconut Farmers Group in Bone-Bone District, North Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi, which cultivates coconut plants and processes them into Copra. Processed palm oil has not been able to lift farmers by using coconut water, midribs and leaves that cause environmental pollution and become a den of pests. Based on these considerations, the implementation team offered an alternative solution in the form of an Independent Entrepreneurial Prospect through Processed Coconut Diversification. The form of activities of the Copra Farmers Community Partnership Program is the Nata de Coco Production and Harvesting Assistant and Entrepreneurship and Product Packaging Training. The target of the output of this Community Partnership Program activity is to increase the knowledge of Partners in making nata de coco Product packaging, marketing management and the basics of financial accounting. In addition, a home-based industry scale entrepreneurship was based on regional potential and coconut farmers income allocationKey Word: Copra Waste, Independent Entrepreneur, Nata de Coco
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Nguyen, Bup Kim, Tien Thi Thuy Le, and Viet Trang Bui. "Effects of plant growth regulators on the growth and lipid accumulation in the solid endosperm of Ta Xanh coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i3.467.
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The growth of Ta Xanh coconut fruit is divided into four stages: slow growth, rapid growth, mature and ripening. In the mature and ripening stages, lipid accumulation increased at the strongest level in the endosperm. This study was conducted with the purpose of studying the effects of plant growth regulators on the growth and lipid accumulation in copra (solid endosperm) from the mature to ripening stage in Ta Xanh coconut fruit. Fresh weight, dry weight and lipid content in solid endosperm after treatments with 1 mg/L NAA, 10 mg/L BA and 20 mg/L GA3 individually or in combination with ethrel were determined. Results showed that the treatment of 20 mg/L GA3 on the 8-month-old fruits increased the copra fresh weight and dry weight. Treatments of 1 mg/L NAA, 20 mg/l GA3 or 200-250 mg/L ethrel on the 10-month-old fruits increased the ratio of lipid in the copra of each fruit. Treatment of 200 mg/L ethrel had a positive effect on increasing of the fresh weight, dry weight and lipid concent in the solid endosperm of the 10-month-old Ta Xanh coconut after 1 or 2 weeks of combinated treatment of 1 mg/L NAA, 10 mg/L BA and 20 mg/L GA3.
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Lee-Rangel, Héctor Aarón, Anayeli Vázquez Valladolid, Heriberto Mendez-Cortes, Juan Carlos Garcia-Lopez, Gregorio Álvarez-Fuentes, Jose Alejandro Roque-Jimenez, Mario Alejandro Mejia-Delgadillo, Luis Octavio Negrete-Sánchez, Oswaldo Cifuentes-López, and Hugo Magdaleno Ramírez-Tobías. "Influence of Copra Meal in the Lambs Diet on In Vitro Ruminal Kinetics and Greenhouse Gases Production." Agriculture 11, no. 10 (September 26, 2021): 925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11100925.
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The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of copra meal (the waste coconut of the oil industry) on in vitro ruminal kinetic and greenhouse gases production and on in vivo lamb performance. Twenty-eight male Rambouillet sheep (initial body weight 24.5 ± 3.9 kg) were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments: 0, 50, 100, and 150 g of copra meal/kg in their diet (dry matter basis). Final weight, weight gain, and feed intake were not affected (p > 0.05) by the copra meal addition. The gas production volume (V) decreased, and the gas production rate increased, in a linear trend (p < 0.05) as copra meal was added to the diet. In contrast, methane and CO2 production showed an opposite quadratic trend (p < 0.05), with the highest and lowest values reported at 100 g/kg DM of copra meal, respectively. The addition of copra meal in the lambs’ diet decreases the volume of gas production and is a strategy to decrease methane and carbon dioxide production in feeding without affecting animal performance.
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Irala, Yuan Fence, Sucihatiningsih Dian Wisika Prajanti, and Kardoyo Kardoyo. "Model for Development of Copra Farmer Empowerment Through Institutional Training." Economics Development Analysis Journal 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v9i1.38228.
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This study aimed to develop a model for the development of copra farmers’ empowerment through institutional training for farmer business groups which process coconut derivative products in Asimiro Village, Loloda Sub-district, Halmahera Regency. The study employed Research and Development approach. Meanwhile, there were two types of data used, namely primary and secondary data. The results showed that problems faced by copra farmers in Asimiro Village were limited capital, traditional technology, and marketing strategies that still depended on collectors. There are several farmers’ empowerment programs done through training and socialization conducted in Asimiro, namely: 1) program for the development of coconut and onion cultivation through the socialization from the Agricultural Technical Service of North Halmahera Regency; and 2) program for the improvement of smallholder welfare (PKPK) through training and socialization of “dapur sehat” (healthy kitchen) conducted by the Village Community Empowerment Agency in collaboration with the Family Planning Agency. The results of expert practitioner validation for the model gained the percentage of 80.76%. Meanwhile, the academics validators gave 74.99% for the model. It shows that the model for the empowerment of copra farmers in this study can be classified into good category and valid.
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Dan M. Etherington. "A POLICY PERSPECTIVE ON COCONUT PROCESSING IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC ISLANDS." CORD 4, no. 02 (December 1, 1988): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v4i02.213.
Full textAbstract:
For many island nations of the South Pacific the coconut palm is the most important smallholder tree crop. Most attempts to introduce processing; beyond the copra stage have failed. At the same time there is a declining trend in copra prices. Unlike most other major coconut producing countries (Philippines, India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand), the South Pacific nations do not have significant expanding domestic urban markets. As a result they must look to alternative export markets and direct output to higher income, non‑traditional market niches.
This paper, part of an on‑going research project, presents arguments in favour of an export ‘demand‑pull’ strategy for the coconut industry based on a re‑examination of the coconut as a total resource rather than only as a source of a raw vegetable oil. The effective use of this resource requires that the fruit be processed as a mature fresh nut and that all parts of the nut are used. The strategy implies a switch in research priorities, away from plant breeding and disease control towards processing, domestic and international shipping, energy policies and market development. Improved markets would in turn give renewed impetus to the continuation of the excellent plant breeding work that has already been done.