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1
Rahman, Ibrahim Haji Abdul. "The influence of processing on coconut oil." Thesis, University of Reading, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278107.
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Alok, Pranav Chandra. "Effect of Coconut Oil on Ulcerative Colitis in the Mouse Model." TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1261.
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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disease of the colon or large intestine that causes inflammation and ulceration of the inner lining of the colon and rectum. In patients with ulcerative colitis, the body’s immune system overreacts and the body mistakes food, bacteria or other internal materials in the colon for an invading substance. The immune system attacks the material, thus irritating the colon. Limited knowledge of inflammatory conditions coupled with a narrow range of therapeutic options necessitates investigating the role of natural products. This study describes the effect of natural coconut oil on chemically-induced acute and chronic disease in mice. Ulcerative colitis was induced in four groups (5 mice per group) of 10-week-old female C57BL/6 mice by exposing them to 2.5-3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 5 and 29 days in the acute and chronic models, respectively. Coconut oil treatment was given via food containing 5% coconut oil to three diseased groups in three different regimens: one, preventive group receiving treatment prior to disease induction (14 d in acute; 28 d in chronic); two, simultaneous group receiving treatment simultaneous to disease induction; and three, regular treatment group receiving treatment after the disease induction –until termination of the experiment (14 d in acute; 60 d in chronic). Coconut food was replaced by the regular chow in the disease and water control groups. Clinical symptoms (diarrhea, occult blood, anal bleeding and body weight change) and the size of the isolated colon were recorded for comparison between experimental and control groups. Groups receiving coconut food displayed remissions in clinical markers of the disease. Improvements in clinical symptoms, histopathology, as well as cytokine activities were observed in both models, but the effects were more significant on the basis of standard error in the chronic model.
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Abayasekara, Abayasekara Wannaku Arachchige Don Rohitha. "Economic analysis of the behaviour of Sri Lankan coconut markets 1980-2012 : an econometric approach." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230076.
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This thesis explores three topics relating to price transmission in economic theory. The broad aim is to understand the price adjustment processes of the domestic and export coconut markets of Sri Lanka during the 1980 to 2012 period. The three topics investigated were the changing role of coconut oil exports due to changes in the global oil markets. Second the functioning of the domestic district coconut markets and finally the impact of the tsunami 2004 on the coastal district coconut markets. The analytical framework for the study is the economic theory of the Law of One Price. The first issue was examined using cointegration, vector error correction and impulse response methodologies. To address the function of the domestic district coconut markets at wholesale, retail and vertical levels Hansen and Seo econometric model was used. To test the effects of the tsunami on the coastal district coconut markets and to assess whether “rockets and feathers” phenomenon rose as a result of the tsunami Enders and Siklos econometric model was applied. The results confirmed that cointegration pattern of vegetable oils in the international market changed with the emergence of bio fuel around 2000. Cointegration of coconut oil with other oils also did change with the emergence of biofuel. The results of the domestic market showed that Colombo market was cointegrated with district coconut markets. . The results of market structures at all levels showed mixed results with more symmetrical markets at wholesale level and more asymmetric markets at the vertical level Results of the impact of tsunami showed that markets were disrupted unevenly with highest disruption in the vertical markets due to tsunami. The tsunami does not seem to have lead to rocket and feather phenomenon.
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Ippagunta, Siri Manasa. "Coconut oil enhancement of conjugated linoleic acid induced body fat loss and lipolysis in mice." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10431.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 45 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-45).
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Hamid, Ku Halim Ku. "Production of activated carbon from Malaysian oil palm shell by chemical and physical methods." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322920.
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Imhof, Monica Y. "Salt substitution : the inhibition of potassium chloride bitter aftertaste." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363568.
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Shaheed, Abdul. "Coconut oil and its derivatives as a renewable alternative diesel fuel for use in the Maldives." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299675.
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Палій, Т. А., Є. О. Сидоренко, Юлія Володимирівна Ліцман, Юлия Владимировна Лицман, and Yuliia Volodymyrivna Litsman. "Пальмова та пальмовоядрова олії." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/39735.
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Пальмову та пальмовоядрову олії добувають з африканської олійної
пальми (Elaeis guineensis). Пальмову олію отримують із м’якої
навколоплідної частини, а пальмовоядрову – з ядер плодів. Ці олії мають
однакове походження, проте різний склад.
Пальмова олія за складом близька до тваринних жирів, вона містить до
50% насичених (пальмітинова, стеаринова), до 10% - поліненасичених
(лінолева, ліноленова) та до 40% мононенасичених (олеїнова,
пальмітоолеїнова) жирних кислот. Крім того, до складу пальмової олії
входять вітаміни Е, А, карототиноїди.
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Pakiam, Geoffrey Kevin. "Smallholder involvement in tree crops in Malaya, with special reference to oil and coconut palms in Johor, 1862-1963." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2017. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/26485/.
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Fathi, Leila Verfasser], and Arno [Akademischer Betreuer] [Frühwald. "Structural and mechanical properties of the wood from coconut palms, oil palms and date palms / Leila Fathi. Betreuer: Arno Frühwald." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/105504065X/34.
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Fathi, Leila [Verfasser], and Arno [Akademischer Betreuer] Frühwald. "Structural and mechanical properties of the wood from coconut palms, oil palms and date palms / Leila Fathi. Betreuer: Arno Frühwald." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/105504065X/34.
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Bowen, Whitney Savannah. "Jersey Calf Performance in Response to High Protein, High Fat Liquid Feeds with Varied Fatty Acid Profiles." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1322669397.
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Dillard, Kayla A. "Inclusion of Olive or Coconut Oil in a High-Fructose High-Fat Diet Increases Liver Injury in a Pig Model of Pediatric NAFLD." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2021. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2308.
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the major cause of pediatric chronic liver pathology in the United States. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of partial substitution of dietary lard by an isocaloric amount of olive or coconut oil on endpoints of NAFLD. Thirty-eight 15-d-old Iberian pigs housed in pens balanced for weight and sex were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 hypercaloric high-fructose high-fat (HFF) diets for 10 weeks: 1) lard (LAR; n=5 pens), 2) lard + olive oil (OLI, n=10), and 3) lard + coconut oil (COC; n=10). Additional pigs (BSL, n=4) were fed a eucaloric diet to establish baseline values. Animals were euthanized at 85 d of age after blood sampling. Liver tissue was collected for histology, metabolomics, and transcriptomics. Compared with BSL, OLI decreased high-density lipoproteins, phosphatidylcholines (PC), and total cholesterol in blood, and increased acylcarnitines in liver, whereas COC increased triacylglycerides (TAGs) in liver and blood. All HFF diets increased bile acids in liver, and decreased choline and fibroblast growth factor 19 in liver and blood. OLI and COC increased hepatic steatosis, necrosis, ballooning, and composite lesion score compared with LAR. OLI decreased gene expression of carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, and COC increased expression of fatty acid binding proteins and acyl-CoA synthetase. In conclusion, partial replacement of dietary lard with olive and coconut oil dysregulated acylcarnitine metabolism and lipogenesis in the liver, increasing the severity of NAFLD in juvenile pigs.
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Reveneau, Carine. "Dietary source and availibility [i.e. availability] of fatty acids to manipulate ruminal protozoa, metabolism of fat, and milk fatty acid profile in lactating dairy cows." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1204659455.
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Mijone, Patricia Daniela. "Imobilização de lipase em suporte magnetizado: desenvolvimento de técnicas de imobilização e aplicação na síntese de ésteres alquílicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97137/tde-24072014-155202/.
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O presente projeto teve como objetivo sintetizar matrizes magnetizadas para imobilização da lipase de Burkholderia cepacia para aplicação na síntese de ésteres alquilicos. Foram testadas duas metodologias para síntese de compósitos formados por óxidos magnéticos dispersos em matriz de sílica, a saber: a) matriz polissiloxano-álcool polivinílico (SiO2-PVA) dopada com Fe3O4 e ?Fe2O3 e b) matriz polissiloxano-álcool polivinílico (SiO2-PVA) sintetizada com incorporação de Fe3O4 e ?Fe2O3. As matrizes polissiloxano-álcool polivinílico (SiO2-PVA) e partículas de Fe3O4 e ?Fe2O3 foram usadas como controles. As características texturais e morfológicas das matrizes magnéticas e não magnética foram determinadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), difratograma de raios-X, espectroscopia no infravermelho (IV) e análise de tamanho de poros (BET). As partículas de magnetita (Fe3O4) e maghemita (?Fe2O3) apresentaram comportamento superparamagnético. A lipase de B. cepacia foi imobilizada nas quatro matrizes (magnetizada e não magnetizada) por adsorção física e ligação covalente e os rendimentos de imobilização similares obtidos sugerem que as partículas de ferro não interferiram na interação enzima-suporte. Entretanto, os parâmetros cinéticos (Km e Vmax) determinados indicaram que a lipase imobilizada nos suportes magnetizados tem menor afinidade pelo substrato. Os valores determinados de Km e Vmax da lipase de B. cepacia na forma livre (Km = 400 ± 32 mM e Vmax = 16019 ± 749 Ug-1) mostraram que independente do suporte a imobilização reduziu aproximadamente 50% da afinidade da enzima pelo substrato. Os derivados imobilizados obtidos por ligação covalente foram selecionados para mediar reações de transesterificação do óleo de coco pela rota etanólica e demonstraram eficiente desempenho, fornecendo conversões praticamente totais em ésteres de etila entre 72-96h. A menor velocidade de reação foi verificada para a lipase imobilizada em partículas de Fe3O4 e ?Fe2O3, provavelmente devido à interferência negativa do óxido de ferro que reduziu a afinidade da enzima pelo substrato, corroborando com os parâmetros cinéticos Km e Vmax. As amostras purificadas apresentaram propriedades que atendem às especificações exigidas pela Agência Nacional de Petróleo (ANP) para uso como biocombustível, incluindo: pureza elevada em ésteres etílicos (mínimo 96%), densidade (873-876 kgm-3) e viscosidade cinemática (3,76-3,93 mm2s-1).The objective of this work was to synthesize magnetic matrices for immobilization of Burkholderia cepacia lipase to be used in the synthesis of alkyl esters. Two methods for the synthesis of the magnetic composites dispersed in silica matrices were tested: a) matrix polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol (SiO2-PVA) coating with Fe3O4 and ?Fe2O3 and b) matrix polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol (SiO2-PVA) synthesized with incorporation of Fe3O4 and ?Fe2O3. The matrix polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol (SiO2-PVA) and the composite Fe3O4 and ?Fe2O3 particles were used as controls. The morphological and textural characteristics of the magnetic and nonmagnetic matrices were determined by analysis of pore size (BET), scanning electron microscopy (MEV), X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy (IV). The magnitete (Fe3O4) and maghmitite (?Fe2O3) particles showed super paramagnetic behavior. The lipase B. cepacia was immobilized in the matrices (magnetized and non-magnetized) by physical adsorption and covalent attachment and the similar immobilization yields obtained suggest that the iron particles did not affect the enzyme-support interaction. However, the determined kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) indicated that the lipase immobilized in both magnetized SiO2-PVA matrices had lower affinity for the substrate. The Km and Vmax values determined for free lipase (Km = 400 ± 32 mM and Vmax =16019 ± 749 Ug-1), showed that independely of the immobilization support the affinity of the enzyme for the substrate was reduced by 50%. The immobilized derivatives prepared by covalent attachment were used to mediate the transesterification reactions of coconut oil by ethanolysis route. All immobilized derivatives were efficient in the ethanolysis of coconut oil attaining total conversion to ethyl esters in 72 hours, with the exception of the immobilized lipase on Fe3O4 and ?Fe2O3 particles, which provided total conversion in 96 h, probably due to the negative influence of the iron particles on the enzyme. The purified product samples (biodiesel) were essentially odorless and translucent appearance. The purity of the ethyl esters was high. In addition, other properties such as density (873-876 kg m-3) and viscosity (3.76-3.93 mm2 s-1) meet the specifications required by the National Petroleum Agency (ANP) to be used as a biofuel.
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Bester, Dirk Jacobus. "The effect of red palm oil supplementation of an oxidative risk induced diet and a high saturated fat diet on ischaemia/perfusion injury in the isolated perfused rat heart." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1470.
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Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006Research has shown that the activation of the NO-cGMP pathway leads to myocardial protection from oxidative stress conditions, such as ischaemia and reperfusion. Few of these studies have however combined diet induced oxidative stress with ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Although little is known about the effects of supplements such as red palm oil (RPO) on the NO-cGMP pathway, research has shown that dietary RPO-supplementation improved reperfusion aortic output recovery through mechanisms that may include activation of the NO-cGMP- and inhibition of the cAMP pathway. RPO is an antioxidant-rich oil containing ~carotene and Vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols). The aims of this study were to determine: 1) whether RPO-supplementation of an oxidative risk induced diet (ORD) and a high saturated fat diet (HFD) offers protection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury in the isolated perfused rat heart and 2) the possible mechanisms for this protection. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups for a period of 14 weeks according to the dietary supplementation they received. The control groups received either an oxidative risk induced diet (ORD) or a high saturated fat diet (HFD), while the experimental groups received an ORD supplemented with RPO (ORD+RPO) or a HFD supplemented with RPO (HFD+RPO).
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Dinhane, Fernanda Christiane Rossetto [UNESP]. "Propriedades físico-mecânicas de painéis de mdp (medium density particleboard) constituído de bambu e fibra de coco." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136308.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A matéria-prima utilizada pelas indústrias de painéis é a madeira de reflorestamento, sendo de diversas espécies. Visando o aproveitamento dos resíduos agroindustriais e a melhora no desempenho físico-mecânico dos painéis, a utilização de outros materiais como o bagaço de cana, o sisal, a casca de café e a fibra de coco são algumas alternativas. Além destes materiais, o bambu destaca-se pela sua alta produtividade e pela menor quantidade de área plantada quando comparada com outras culturas, como o Eucalipto. Números que representam a quantidade de resíduos gerados, no caso da fibra de coco no Brasil são de aproximadamente 3,7 mil toneladas considerando que um fruto pesa dois quilogramas, no ano de 2014. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as propriedades físicas e mecânicas de painéis MDP (Medium Density Particleboard), fabricado com três camadas, constituídos de fibra de coco e partículas de bambu, com variações nas porcentagens utilizadas de fibra de coco na camada interna do painel. Para a fabricação dos painéis utilizou-se partículas retidas em peneiramento com peneiras de 9 mesh, 16 mesh, 35 mesh e 60 mesh. Através do processamento mecânico dos materiais e da adição de adesivo poliuretano bi-componente à base de óleo de mamona foram confeccionado painéis de bambu com fibra de coco. Painéis estes constituídos de duas camadas externas de bambu e a camada interna de fibra de coco mais bambu. Em termos de porcentagem de material utilizado em um painel, 60 % representa a parte interna e o restante corresponde à parte externa, 20 % acima e 20 % abaixo da camada interna. Sendo que, as variações das porcentagens de fibra de coco na camada interna foram de 0% para o Tratamento 0-100, 10% para o Tratamento 10-90, 20% para o Tratamento 20-80 e 30% para o Tratamento 30-70. Para cada tratamento foram realizados cinco repetições, totalizando 20 painéis produzidos. As normas utilizadas como referência para avaliação físico-mecânica foram NBR 14810-2 (2013), ANSI A208.1 (1999) e CS 236-66 (1968), avaliando as propriedades físicas e mecânicas. Foram determinados o teor de umidade, densidade, inchamento em espessura 24 horas, absorção de água 24 horas, resistência à flexão estática e módulo de elasticidade, resistência à tração perpendicular e arrancamento de parafuso no topo e na superfície. O tratamento 0-100 obteve os maiores valores médios de resistência. Atendeu as especificações das três normas, exceto a CS 236-66 (1968) para o MOE. Com o objetivo da utilização da fibra de coco, o tratamento 30-70 foi o tratamento que dentre os três (tratamentos 10-90, 20-80 e 30-70) obteve os maiores valores médios de resistência, viabilizando assim o uso da fibra de coco com o bambu, para a produção de móveis e de painéis de revestimento térmico acústico que necessitam de valores mínimos de resistência.
The raw material used by panels industries is reforested wood, and of several species. Targeting the use of agro-industrial waste and the improvement in physical and mechanical performance of the panels, the use of other materials such as sugarcane bagasse, sisal, coffee husk and coir are some alternatives. In addition to these materials, bamboo stands out for its high productivity and the lower amount of planted area compared to other crops such as Eucalyptus. Numbers representing the amount of waste generated in the case of coconut fiber in Brazil are approximately 3.7 thousand tons whereas a fruit weighs two kilograms, in the year 2014. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties MDP panels (Medium Density Particleboard) made of three layers consisting of coconut and bamboo fiber particles with variations in the percentages of coconut fiber used in the inner layer panel. For the manufacture of the panels used to particulates collected in sieve with mesh sieve 9, 16 mesh, 35 mesh and 60 mesh. Through the mechanical processing of the materials and the addition of two-component polyurethane adhesive on castor oil-based panels were made with bamboo coconut fiber. These panels consisting of two outer layers of bamboo and the inner layer coconut more bamboo fiber. In terms of percentage of material used in a panel, 60% is inside, and the rest is to the outside, 20% above and 20% below the inner layer. Since the variations of the percentages of coconut fiber in the inner layer was 0% for the Treatment 0-100, 10% for the Treatment 10-90 20% 20-80 for the treatment and 30% for the Treatment 30- 70. For each treatment were performed five repetitions, totaling 20 panels produced. The standards used as reference to physical and mechanical evaluation were NBR 14810-2 (2013), ANSI A208.1 (1999) and CS 236-66 (1968), evaluating the physical and mechanical properties. They were determined moisture content, density, thickness swelling 24 hours, water absorption 24 hours, static bending strength and modulus of elasticity, internal bond and screw pullout top and bottom surface. Treatment 0-100 obtained the highest average values of resistance. Met the specifications of the three standards, except CS 236-66 (1968) to the MOE. With the goal of using coir, treatment 30-70 was the treatment of the three (treatments 10-90, 20-80 and 30-70) had the highest average values of resistance, thus enabling the use of fiber coconut with bamboo, for the production of furniture and sound insulated panels requiring minimum resistance values.
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Lima, L?da Maria Oliveira de. "Utiliza??o de uma coluna de flota??o para remo??o de compostos org?nicos da ?gua de produ??o." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15893.
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Previous issue date: 2009-12-21Innovative technologies using surfactant materials have applicability in several industrial fields, including petroleum and gas areas. This study seeks to investigate the use of a surfactant derived from coconut oil (SCO saponified coconut oil) in the recovery process of organic compounds that are present in oily effluents from petroleum industry. For this end, experiments were accomplished in a column of small dimension objectifying to verify the influence of the surfactant SCO in the efficiency of oil removal. This way, they were prepared emulsions with amount it fastens of oil (50, 100, 200 and 400 ppm), being determined the great concentrations of surfactant for each one of them. Some rehearsals were still accomplished with produced water of the industry of the petroleum to compare the result with the one of the emulsions. According to the experiments, it was verified that an increase of the surfactant concentration does not implicate in a greater oil removal. The separation process use gaseous bubbles formed when a gas stream pass a liquid column, when low surfactant concentrations are used, it occurs the coalescence of the dispersed oil droplets and their transport to the top of the column, forming a new continuous phase. Such surfactants lead to a gas-liquid interface saturation, depending on the used surfactant concentration, affecting the flotation process and influencing in the removal capacity of the oily dispersed phase. A porous plate filter, with pore size varying from 40 to 250 mm, was placed at the base of the column to allow a hydrodynamic stable operation. During the experimental procedures, the operating volume of phase liquid was held constant and the rate of air flow varied in each experiment. The resulting experimental of the study hydrodynamic demonstrated what the capturing of the oil was influenced by diameter of the bubbles and air flow. With the increase flow of 300 about to 900 cm3.min-1, occurred an increase in the removal of oil phase of 44% about to 66% and the removal kinetic of oil was defined as a reaction of 1? order
Tecnologias inovadoras que usam materiais tensoativos t?m aplicabilidade em v?rios campos industriais, dentre eles petr?leo e g?s natural. Este estudo busca investigar o uso de um tensoativo, derivado de ?leo de coco (OCS - ?leo de coco saponificado), no processo de recupera??o de compostos org?nicos presentes em efluentes oleosos da ind?stria de petr?leo. Para este fim, foram realizados experimentos em uma coluna de bancada objetivando verificar a influ?ncia do tensoativo OCS na efici?ncia de remo??o de ?leo. Desta forma, foram preparadas emuls?es com quantidades fixas de ?leo (50, 100, 200 e 400 ppm), determinandose a concentra??o ?tima de tensoativo para cada uma delas. Foram, tamb?m, realizados alguns ensaios com ?gua de produ??o da ind?stria de petr?leo, visando comparar o resultado com o das emuls?es. O processo de separa??o consiste no uso de bolhas gasosas formadas quando um fluxo de g?s passa em uma coluna l?quida, com concentra??es de tensoativo, ocorrendo a coalesc?ncia das gotas de ?leo dispersas e, consequentemente, o transporte delas ao topo da coluna, formando uma nova fase oleosa cont?nua. O processo fundamenta-se na satura??o de tensoativo na interface g?s-l?quido, dependendo da concentra??o de tensoativo usada, resultando na flota??o da fase ?leo dispersa. Um filtro de prato poroso, com tamanho de poro que varia de 40 a 250 μm, foi colocado ? base da coluna para permitir uma opera??o hidrodin?mica est?vel. Durante os procedimentos experimentais, o volume operacional da fase l?quida foi mantido constante e a taxa de fluxo de ar variada em cada experimento. Os resultados experimentais do estudo hidrodin?mico demonstraram que a captura do ?leo foi influenciada pelos di?metros das bolhas e vaz?es de ar. Com o aumento da vaz?o de 300 para 900 cm3.min-1, ocorreu um aumento de remo??o da fase ?leo de 44% para 66% e a cin?tica de remo??o do ?leo foi definida como uma rea??o de 1? ordem
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Vandenberghe, Camille. "Élévation aigüe de la cétonémie : effets cétogènes de produits alimentaires dérivés de l’huile de noix de coco et influence d’une combinaison avec de l’exercice de type aérobie." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10500.
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Depuis maintenant plus de 30 ans, il est reconnu qu’au début de la maladie
d’Alzheimer, le cerveau utilise moins bien le glucose, son principal carburant.
Cependant, ce problème énergétique précoce dans la maladie semblerait limité au
glucose et ne concernerait pas un autre carburant, celui-ci dérivé des gras, les cétones.
Ces dernières sont produites par le corps après un exercice physique d’intensité
modérée. Leur production est également stimulée avec la prise de suppléments
alimentaires à base d’huile de noix de coco, un aliment riche en triglycérides de
moyennes chaînes (MCT). La capture des cétones au cerveau augmente
proportionnellement à leur concentration plasmatique. Ainsi, des conditions élevant la
cétonémie augmentent aussi la capture cérébrale des cétones. Par conséquent,
l’élévation de l’apport en cétones pourrait constituer une approche novatrice qui
permettrait de potentiellement ralentir le développement de la maladie d’Alzheimer.
Notre objectif général était d’optimiser le type de supplément MCT à utiliser afin
d’élever la cétonémie de manière aigüe et, en second lieu, d’employer ce dernier en
combinaison avec une seconde stratégie cétogène, l’exercice physique de type aérobie
(EA). Lors de la première phase de ce projet, l’effet cétogène de différents produits
alimentaires dérivant de l’huile de noix de coco (acide caprylique [C8], acide caproïque
[C10], mélange de MCT typique [C8+C10]) était comparé chez 9 participants jeunes
sains. Des échantillons sanguins étaient récoltés toutes les 30 min pendant 8 h. Lors de
la seconde phase, le potentiel cétogène de la combinaison d’EA à une supplémentation
MCT était évalué chez 10 femmes âgées saines pendant 5 jours. Les cétones
plasmatiques sous ces différentes conditions étaient mesurées. Lors de cette étude, le
C8 était le produit le plus cétogène testé suivi du supplément C8+C10. L’huile de noix de
coco n’a pas induit une cétonémie plus élevée qu’un 8 h sans MCT. De plus, l’ajout de 5
jours d’EA a potentialisé la cétonémie observée suite à la prise de MCT C8+C10 seul.
Ainsi, la combinaison de stratégies cétogènes, tant au niveau de la diversité des
molécules utilisées ou des stratégies cétogènes employées, permet d’augmenter la
présence de cétones dans le sang.Abstract : Brain glucose consumption deteriorates with age, a situation that worsens with the onset of Alzheimer's disease. However, this early energy problem in the disease is limited to glucose and does not affect brain ketone uptake. Ketones are the main alternative fuel for the brain when glucose concentrations are decreased. They are produced endogenously after moderate aerobic exercise (AE) or with a medium chain triglyceride (MCT) exogenous supplement. Ketone brain uptake increases in proportion to their plasma concentration. Thus, providing a daily ketogenic fuel could help support brain energy needs during aging. Our aim was to optimize the type of MCT to use in a ketogenic supplementation and to combine this supplement with another ketogenic strategy, AE. In the first phase of this project, the acute ketogenic effect of products derived from coconut oil was compared. Nine healthy adults took various MCT supplements (coconut oil, caprylic acid [C8], capric acid [C10], classic MCT mix [C8+C10]). Blood was sampled every 30 min over 8 h. In the second phase, we evaluated the acute ketogenic potential of the combination of AE and MCT supplementation. Ten healthy older women took C8+C10 MCT supplement for 5 days combined with a 5-days AE program. Automated spectrophotometric assays where used to measure plasma ketones under these different conditions. Our results show that in this 8 h experimental design, C8 was the most ketogenic MCT followed by C8+C10. Coconut oil alone did not induce more net ketosis than an 8 h visit with no added MCT. Furthermore, the combination of AE and MCT supplementation enhanced the ketogenic response over 4 h compared to the control day. Thus, the combination of ketogenic strategies, both in terms of the diversity of the molecules or the ketogenic strategy employed, makes it possible to increase the presence of ketones in the blood.
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Bigon, Joice Palma 1989. "Óleos vegetais como novos coestabilizadores para reações de polimerização em miniemulsão." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266022.
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Orientador: Liliane Maria Ferrareso LonaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
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Resumo: O estudo das nanocápsulas poliméricas tem crescido significativamente nas últimas décadas em diversas áreas, pois estas permitem a encapsulação de materiais com diferentes princípios ativos, contribuindo com uma ampla variedade de funções que vão desde a liberação controlada de medicamentos e perfumes até a melhora na retenção de pigmentos de tintas para impressão. Uma das técnicas que tem sido utilizada para a síntese das nanocápsulas poliméricas é a polimerização em miniemulsão, que apresenta como uma de suas vantagens a praticidade de se poder utilizar um iniciador organossolúvel ou hidrossolúvel, bem como obter as nanocápsulas poliméricas com um alto grau de eficiência em apenas uma única etapa. Além disso, a polimerização em miniemulsão é conduzida em água, sendo um importante fator quando relacionado ao aspecto ambiental. Entretanto, para se obter uma polimerização em miniemulsão estável, é necessária a adição de um coestabilizador. Muitos artigos na literatura apresentam o hexadecano como um coestabilizador eficiente, uma vez que ele apresenta baixa massa molar e é insolúvel em água. Entretanto, a aplicabilidade das nanocápsulas pode ser aumentada quando materiais biodegradáveis e biocompatíveis são usados. Por isso, neste trabalho foi proposto o estudo de três óleos vegetais (coco, argan e jojoba) como novos coestabilizadores para reações de polimerização em miniemulsão. O óleo de coco é constituído principalmente de ácido láurico, e possui propriedades anti-inflamatórias. O óleo de jojoba é formado principalmente de ésteres, e assim como o óleo de coco, possui propriedades anti-inflamatórias, entre outras. Já o óleo de argan é constituiído principalmente de ácido oleico e linoleico, e possui propriedades muito benéficas para a pele e cabelo. Para as reações de polimerizaçãoem miniemulsão, foi utilizado o iniciador organossolúvel 2,2¿-azobis-isobutironitrila, o monômero metacrilato de metila e o lauril sulfato de sódio como surfactante. Diferentemente da literatura estudada, a polimerização foi realizada em reator tanque agitado de 1 litro de capacidade, e foram estudados os efeitos dos óleos vegetais como coestabilizador na polimerização em miniemulsão de metacrilato de metila. Além disso, foi estudada a distribuição da massa molar, a cinética da reação, a temperatura de transição vítrea bem como o tamanho médio das nanocápsulas poliméricas. A partir dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que todos os óleos vegetais atuam como eficientes coestabilizadores, prevenindo o sistema da degradação difusional e da coalescência das gotas
Abstract: The study of polymeric nanocapsules has grown significantly in recent decades in many areas, as they enable the encapsulation of materials with different active ingredients, contributing to a wide variety of functions ranging from the controlled release of drugs and perfumes to the improvement in retention paint pigments for printing. One of the techniques that has been used for the synthesis of polymeric nanocapsules is the miniemulsion polymerization, presenting as one of its advantages the convenience of being able to use either a water or oil soluble initiator, and to obtain the nanocapsules with a high efficiency degree in only one step. Furthermore, miniemulsion polymerization is conducted in water, being an important factor when relating to the environmental aspect. However, to obtain a stable miniemulsion polymerization, adding a co-stabilizer is required. Many articles in the literature cited hexadecane as an efficient co-stabilizer, since it presents low molar mass and it is insoluble in water. However, the applicability of the nanocapsules can be increased when biodegradable and biocompatible materials are used. Therefore, this study proposed the study of three vegetable oils (coconut, argan and jojoba) as new co-stabilizers for polymerization miniemulsion reactions. The coconut oil is composed primarily of lauric acid, and it has anti-inflammatory properties. Jojoba oil is composed primarily of esters, and as coconut oil, presents anti-inflammatory properties, among others. Argan oil is composed mainly of oleic and linoleic acid and it has very beneficial properties for skin and hair. For miniemulsion polymerization reactions, it was used the oil soluble initiator 2¿2-azobisisobutyronitrile, the monomer methyl methacrylate and sodium lauryl sulfate as surfactant. Different from other studies, the polymerization was conducted in stirred tank reactor of 1 liter of capacity, and the effect of the vegetable oils acting as co-stabilizer in the methyl methacrylate miniemulsion polymerization was studied. In addition, the molar mass distribution, the kinetics of the reaction, the glass transition temperature and the average size of the polymeric nanocapsules were studied. It was concluded that the vegetable oils act in the stability of the miniemulsion polymerization, preventing the system from diffusion of monomers and coalescence
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos
Mestra em Engenharia Química
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Lima, L?da Maria Oliveira de. "Utiliza??o de uma coluna de flota??o para remo??o de compostos org?nicos da ?gua de produ??o." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17709.
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Previous issue date: 2010-12-21Innovative technologies using surfactant materials have applicability in several industrial fields, including petroleum and gas areas. This study seeks to investigate the use of a surfactant derived from coconut oil (SCO saponified coconut oil) in the recovery process of organic compounds that are present in oily effluents from petroleum industry. For this end, experiments were accomplished in a column of small dimension objectifying to verify the influence of the surfactant SCO in the efficiency of oil removal. This way, they were prepared emulsions with amount it fastens of oil (50, 100, 200 and 400 ppm), being determined the great concentrations of surfactant for each one of them. Some rehearsals were still accomplished with produced water of the industry of the petroleum to compare the result with the one of the emulsions. According to the experiments, it was verified that an increase of the surfactant concentration does not implicate in a greater oil removal. The separation process use gaseous bubbles formed when a gas stream pass a liquid column, when low surfactant concentrations are used, it occurs the coalescence of the dispersed oil droplets and their transport to the top of the column, forming a new continuous phase. Such surfactants lead to a gas-liquid interface saturation, depending on the used surfactant concentration, affecting the flotation process and influencing in the removal capacity of the oily dispersed phase. A porous plate filter, with pore size varying from 40 to 250 mm, was placed at the base of the column to allow a hydrodynamic stable operation. During the experimental procedures, the operating volume of phase liquid was held constant and the rate of air flow varied in each experiment. The resulting experimental of the study hydrodynamic demonstrated what the capturing of the oil was influenced by diameter of the bubbles and air flow. With the increase flow of 300 about to 900 cm3.min-1, occurred an increase in the removal of oil phase of 44% about to 66% and the removal kinetic of oil was defined as a reaction of 1? order.
Tecnologias inovadoras que usam materiais tensoativos t?m aplicabilidade em v?rios campos industriais, dentre eles petr?leo e g?s natural. Este estudo busca investigar o uso de um tensoativo, derivado de ?leo de coco (OCS - ?leo de coco saponificado), no processo de recupera??o de compostos org?nicos presentes em efluentes oleosos da ind?stria de petr?leo. Para este fim, foram realizados experimentos em uma coluna de bancada objetivando verificar a influ?ncia do tensoativo OCS na efici?ncia de remo??o de ?leo. Desta forma, foram preparadas emuls?es com quantidades fixas de ?leo (50, 100, 200 e 400 ppm), determinandose a concentra??o ?tima de tensoativo para cada uma delas. Foram, tamb?m, realizados alguns ensaios com ?gua de produ??o da ind?stria de petr?leo, visando comparar o resultado com o das emuls?es. O processo de separa??o consiste no uso de bolhas gasosas formadas quando um fluxo de g?s passa em uma coluna l?quida, com concentra??es de tensoativo, ocorrendo a coalesc?ncia das gotas de ?leo dispersas e, consequentemente, o transporte delas ao topo da coluna, formando uma nova fase oleosa cont?nua. O processo fundamenta-se na satura??o de tensoativo na interface g?s-l?quido, dependendo da concentra??o de tensoativo usada, resultando na flota??o da fase ?leo dispersa. Um filtro de prato poroso, com tamanho de poro que varia de 40 a 250 μm, foi colocado ? base da coluna para permitir uma opera??o hidrodin?mica est?vel. Durante os procedimentos experimentais, o volume operacional da fase l?quida foi mantido constante e a taxa de fluxo de ar variada em cada experimento. Os resultados experimentais do estudo hidrodin?mico demonstraram que a captura do ?leo foi influenciada pelos di?metros das bolhas e vaz?es de ar. Com o aumento da vaz?o de 300 para 900 cm3.min-1, ocorreu um aumento de remo??o da fase ?leo de 44% para 66% e a cin?tica de remo??o do ?leo foi definida como uma rea??o de 1? ordem
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Shilling, Michael. "OPTIMIZING DETECTION AND CONTROL OF CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE AND ITS TOXINS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1374852321.
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Esterhuyse, Adriaan Johannes. "Dietary red palm oil-supplementation offers cardioprotection against Ischaemia/Reperfusion injury : possible cellular mechanisms involved." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16514.
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Dissertation (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Activation of the NO-cGMP pathway is associated with myocardial protection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury. However, high-cholesterol diets alter function of this pathway and these alterations have been implicated in both ischaemic/reperfusion injury and the development of ischaemic heart disease. Little is known about the effects of supplements such as Red Palm Oil (RPO) on the myocardial NO-cGMP-signalling pathway. RPO consists of saturated, mono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acids and is rich in antioxidants such as β-carotene and Vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols). The aims of this study were: 1) to determine whether dietary RPO-supplemention protects against ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rats fed a standard rat chow (control) and cholesterol-enriched diets and 2) if so, to investigate possible mechanisms for this protection. Male Long-Evans rats were fed a standard rat chow or a standard rat chow plus cholesterol and/or RPO-supplementation for 6 weeks. Myocardial functional recovery was measured and hearts were freeze-clamped for determination of myocardial phospholipid, cAMP/cGMP concentrations, total myocardial nitric oxide concentrations, lipid hydroperoxide production and superoxide dismutase- and nitric oxide synthase activity in isolated rat hearts subjected to 25 minutes of normothermic total global ischaemia. In addition, the degree of phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of RPO-supplementation on caspase-3 activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-cleavage in hearts subjected to ischaemia and reperfusion was also investigated. Our data show that dietary RPO-supplementation protects the hearts of rats on a standard rat chow (control) and hypercholesterolaemic diet against ischaemia/reperfusion injury as reflected by improved aortic output recovery. Increased intracellular cardiomyocyte NO concentrations as observed in control hearts supplemented with RPO after 120 minutes hypoxia may contribute to the elevated cGMP concentration and may confer some of the cardioprotection to the ischaemic/reperfused heart. Although improved functional recovery with RPO-supplementation of a high-cholesterol diet was also associated with an increase in intracellular cardiomyocyte NO production after hypoxia compared to the non-hypoxic conditions, it could not be linked to increased NO-cGMP signalling. These data are in agreement with other studies, which showed that high-cholesterol diet impairs NO-cGMP signalling and confirms our hypothesis that elevated cGMP concentrations may not be the only mechanism of protection. We have also shown that RPOsupplementation caused increased phosphorylation of p38 and PKB, reduced phosphorylation of JNK and attenuation of PARP cleavage, which may contribute to the protection of the cell against apoptosis. Based on our results we propose that the myocardial protection offered by RPO-supplementation of rats on a normal and hypercholesterolaemic diet may be associated with either its antioxidant characteristics and/or changes in the fatty acid composition of the myocardium during ischaemia/reperfusion. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time that RPO-supplementation protects the isolated perfused working rat heart during reperfusion from ischaemia/reperfusion-induced injury through a MAPK-dependent pathway.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Aktivering van die NO-cGMP sein transduksie pad word geassosieer met miokardiale beskerming teen isgemie/herperfusie skade. Hoë cholesterol diëte verander egter die funksie van die pad en hierdie veranderings speel ‘n rol in beide isgemie/herperfusie besering en die ontwikkeling van isgemiese hartsiekte. Daar is egter min inligting beskikbaar oor die uitwerking van aanvullings soos rooi palm olie (RPO) op die miokardiale NO-cGMP sein transduksie pad. RPO bevat versadigde, mono-onversadigde en poli-onversadigde vetsure en is ryk aan anti-oksidante nl. β-karotene en vitamien E (tokoferole en tokotriënole). Die doelwitte van hierdie studie was: 1) om vas te stel of ‘n RPO-aanvulling beskerming bied teen isgemie/herperfusie besering in rotte wat gevoed is met ‘n standaard rotmengsel (kontrole) en cholesterol-verrykte dieet en 2) indien wel, om moontlike meganismes van beskerming te ondersoek. Long-Evans manlike rotte is vir 6 weke gevoer met ‘n standaard rotmengsel of ‘n standaard rotmengsel plus cholesterol en/of RPO-aanvulling. Miokardiale funksionele herstel is gemeet en harte is gevriesklamp vir die bepaling van miokardiale fosfolipied, cAMP/cGMP, totale stikstofoksied, lipied hidroperoksied, superoksied dismutase en stikstofoksied sintase in geïsoleerde rotharte wat vir 25 minute onderwerp was aan normotermiese totale globale isgemie. Hiermee saam is die graad van fosforilering van ekstrasellulêre sein gereguleerde kinase (ERK), p38 mitogeen-geaktiveerde proteïen kinase (p38 MAPK), c-Jun-N-terminale proteïenkinase (JNK) en proteïen kinase B (PKB/Akt) ondersoek, asook kaspase-3 aktivering en poli (ADP-ribose) polimerase (PARP) kliewing in harte blootgestel aan isgemie en herperfusie. Ons resultate toon dat RPO-aanvulling van rotte op ‘n normale en hipercholesterolemiese dieet die hart beskerm soos getoon deur verbeterde herstel van aortiese uitset. Verhoogde intrasellulêre miokardiale NO vlakke in kontrole harte met ‘n RPO-aanvulling wat blootgestel was aan 120 minute hipoksie, mag bygedra het tot die verhoogde cGMP vlakke en beskerming van die hart tydens isgemie en herperfusie. Alhoewel verbeterde funksionele herstel met RPO-aanvulling van ‘n hoë cholesterol dieet ook geassosieer is met ‘n toename in intrasellulêre miokardiale NO produksie ná hipoksiese toestande, kon dit nie verbind word met verhoogde aktivering van die NOcGMP sein transduksie pad nie. Hierdie resultate stem ooreen met ander studies wat aangetoon het dat hoë-cholesterol diëte die NO-cGMP seinpad onderdruk. Hierdie bevinding bevestig ons hipotese dat verhoogde cGMP vlakke moontlik nie die enigste beskermingsmeganisme is nie. Ons resultate het ook gewys dat RPO-aanvulling fosforilering van p38 en PKB/Akt verhoog, fosforilering van JNK verminder en PARP kliewing onderdruk. Dit dui op beskerming van die sel teen apoptose. Ons resultate dui aan dat die miokardiale beskerming wat RPO-dieet aanvulling bied moontlik geassosieer kan word met sy anti-oksidant eienskap en/of veranderinge in die vetsuur samestelling van die miokardium tydens isgemie/herperfusie. Ons het ook vir die eerste keer bewys dat RPO-aanvulling die geïsoleerde geperfuseerde werkende rothart gedurende herperfusie beskerm teen isgemie/herperfusie besering deur die aktivering en/of deaktivering van die MAPK afhanklike pad.
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Alves, Naiane Ferraz Bandeira. "Óleo de coco virgem reduz o estresse oxidativo e melhora a sensibilidade do barorreflexo quando associado ao treinamento físico em ratos hipertensos." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8022.
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The hypothesis that oral supplementation with virgin coconut oil (Cocos nucifera L.) and exercise training would improve impaired baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and reduce oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was tested. Furthermore, the effects caused by lauric acid (LA) on oxidative stress and cardiovascular parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were evaluated. In the first stage of the study, SHR and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were used and divided in five groups: WKY + saline (n = 8); SHR + saline (n = 8); SHR + coconut oil (2 mL·day -1, n = 8); SHR + training (n = 8); and SHR + training + coconut oil (n = 8). The swimming protocol under 4% body weight workload lasted 60 minutes. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded and BRS was tested using phenylephrine (8 μg.kg-1, iv) and sodium nitroprusside (25 μg·kg-1, iv). Oxidative stress was measured using dihydroethidium by microscopy fluorescence in tissue sections from heart and aorta samples. SHR + coconut oil, SHR + training and SHR + training + coconut oil groups presented lower MAP compared to SHR + saline (148 ± 6, 147 ± 7, 134 ± 8 vs. 175 ± 6 mmHg, P < 0.05). Coconut oil combined with exercise training improved BRS in SHR compared with SHR + saline group (-2.47 ± 0.3 vs. -1.39 ± 0.09 ± bpm-1·min-1·mmHg, p <0.05). SHR + saline group showed higher superoxide levels when compared with WKY + saline (774 ± 31 vs. 634 ± 19 arbitrary units (AU), respectively; p <0.05). SHR + training + coconut oil group presented a reduction in oxidative stress compared with SHR + saline in heart (622 ± 16 vs. 774 ± 31 AU, p <0.05). Moreover, coconut oil reduced oxidative stress in SHR compared with SHR + saline in aorta (454 ± 33 vs. 689 ± 29 AU, p <0.05). In the second stage of thestudy, LA reduced blood pressure at 3, 4, 8 and 10 mg/kg doses compared with vehicle (-41±9.4;-41±6;-51.7±8.1;-61±11 vs. -1,3±0.4 mmHg, n = 6). LA (10-8 to 3x10-3M) induced vasorelaxation in isolated cranial mesenteric artery rings in the presence or absence of functional endothelium (Emax=104,1 ± 2,8% e pD2= 4,1 ± 1,4; n=7 vs. Emax= 103,5 3,7 pD2 = 3,3 ± 0,5; n=8, respectively). LA (10-3 M) reduced superoxide levels similar to Tempol, a superoxide anion scavenger, compared to tissue containing only NADPH oxidase in the heart (18.1 ± 0.7; 9.5 ± 0.3 vs. 25.3 ± 0.4 UML / min / ug protein, respectively) and kidney (81.9 ± 2.8, 79 ± 1.3, 99 ± 4.3 vs. UML / min / ug protein, respectively). In conclusion, coconut oil combined with exercise training reduced oxidative stress and improved BRS in SHR. Those effects seem to be, at least in part, to its major component (Lauric acid).
Testamos a hipótese de que a suplementação com óleo de coco virgem (OCV) associada ao treinamento físico é capaz de melhorar a sensibilidade do barorreflexo (SBR) e de reduzir o estresse oxidativo (EO). Além disso, os efeitos promovidos pelo ácido láurico (AL), um dos constituintes majoritários do OCV, nos parâmetros cardiovasculares e EO em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) também foram testados. Na primeira etapa do estudo utilizamos animais SHR e Wistar Kyoto (WKY) adultos, divididos em cinco grupos: WKY + salina (n = 8); SHR + salina (n = 8); SHR + óleo de coco (2 mL·dia-1, n = 8); SHR + treinamento (n = 8); e SHR + treinamento + óleo de coco (n = 8). O protocolo de natação teve duração de 60 minutos e sobrecarga de 4% da massa corporal dos animais. A pressão arterial média (PAM) foi registrada e a SBR foi testada usando fenilefrina (8 μg.kg-1, i.v) e nitroprussiato de sódio (25 μg·kg-1, i.v). O EO foi quantificado utilizando dihidroetídio por microscopia de fluorescência no coração e aorta. Os grupos SHR + Óleo de coco, SHR+ treinamento e SHR + treinamento + óleo de coco apresentaram menores níveis de PAM, comparado ao grupo SHR + salina (148 ± 6, 147 ± 7, 134 ± 8 vs. 175 ± 6 mmHg; p <0,05). O OCV associado ao treinamento físico melhorou a SBR em SHR em comparação com o grupo SHR + salina (-2,47 ± 0,3 vs. -1,39 ± 0,09 bpm·min-1·mmHg-1; p<0,05). O grupo SHR + salina apresentou níveis elevados de superóxido, quando comparados com WKY + salina (774 ± 31 vs. 634 ± 19 unidades arbitrárias (u.a), respectivamente; p <0,05). O grupo SHR + treinamento + óleo de coco apresentou redução do EO em comparação com SHR + salina no coração (622 ± 16 vs. 774 ± 31 u.a, p <0,05). Em tecidos de aorta, o óleo de coco reduziu o EO em SHR em comparação com SHR + salina (454 ± 33 vs. 689 ± 29 u.a, p <0,05). Na segunda etapa do trabalho, observamos que o AL promoveu hipotensão a partir das doses de 3, 4, 8 e 10 mg/kg, quando comparado com o veículo (-41 ± 9,4; -41±6; -51,7 ± 8,1; -61 ± 11 vs. -1,3 ± 0,4 mmHg; n=6, respectivamente). O AL (10-8 a 3x10-3 M) induziu vasorrelaxamento em anéis de artéria mesentérica cranial isolada de SHR, na presença ou na ausência do endotélio funcional (Emax = 104,1 ± 2,8% e pD2= 4,1 ± 1,4; n=7 vs. Emax =103,5 3,7 pD2=3,3 ± 0,5; n=8, respectivamente). O AL (10-3 M) reduziu a produção de ânion superóxido no tecido cardíaco e renal respectivamente, quando comparados com tecidos apenas na presença de NADPH oxidase, (18,1 ± 0,7; 9,5 ± 0,3 vs. 25,3 ± 0,4 UML/min/μg proteína, respectivamente) e (81,9 ± 2,8; 79 ± 1,3; vs. 99 ± 4,3 UML/min/μg proteína, respectivamente). Concluímos que a suplementação com OCV associada ao treinamento físico reduziu o EO e melhorou a SBR que estava reduzida durante a hipertensão arterial. Além disso, os efeitos benéficos do OCV alcançados parecem ser oriundos do AL presente no óleo vegetal.
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Santos, Sara Saurin dos. "DESENVOLVIMENTO DE FORMULAÇÕES NANOTECNOLÓGICAS PARA O TRATAMENTO DA CANDIDÍASE VULVOVAGINAL." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5981.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThis work aimed the preparation of clotrimazole-loaded nanocapsule suspensions for vulvovaginal fungal infections treatment. For the first time, virgin coconut oil and medium chain triglycerides were used as an oil core of polymeric nanocapsules containing clotrimazole. The analytical method for quantification of this drug into nanoparticles was developed and validated. The method proved to be selective, linear, precise, accurate and robust. Using the method of interfacial deposition of preformed polymer, the nanoparticles were successfully prepared at three different concentrations of clotrimazole (1, 2 and 3 mg/mL). The physicochemical parameters measured were pH, particle diameter, polydispersity index, drug content, encapsulation efficiency, zeta potential and stability in storage during 60 days. The encapsulation efficiency was near to 100%, zeta potential was positive due to the cationic polymer employed, the pH was around 5.6 and drug contents were close to the theoretical values. The size distribution was nanometer (140-200 nm) with polydispersity index lower than 0.2. The formulations had adequate physicochemical characteristics and were stable during storage. Photodegradation studies have shown that the nanoencapsulation improved the stability of clotrimazole against UVC radiation compared to free drug solution after 14 hours of experiment. The in vitro drug release using the dialysis bag technique was characterized by a prolonged release. No burst effect was observed. Profilesare based on an anomalous transport and first order kinetics, regardless of the oil used. The in vitro microbiological test of nanocapsules suspensions was performed against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata susceptible and resistant to fluconazole by microdilution method. In combination with clotrimazole into nanoparticles, medium chain triglycerides was reported to have similar MICs of methanolic solution containing the oil and the drug. In addition to the antifungal activity in solution, coconut oil did not lose its activity after incorporation into the nanostructures and, in combination with drug, showed greater inhibition of microbial growth than the nanocapsules of medium chain triglycerides with clotrimazole. Finally nanoparticle suspensions were incorporated into hydrogels containing polymers with mucoadhesive properties, Pemulen® and Pullulan, which presented appropriate drug content, pH and spreadability. The formulations developed in this study represent promising alternatives for treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Este trabalho objetivou a preparação de suspensões de nanocápsulas contendo clotrimazol para o tratamento de infecções fúngicas vulvovaginais. Pela primeira vez, o óleo de coco virgem e os triglicerídeos de cadeia média foram empregados como núcleo oleoso de nanocápsulas poliméricas contendo clotrimazol. A metodologia analítica para a quantificação do fármaco nas nanopartículas foi desenvolvida e validada. O método mostrou-se seletivo, linear, preciso, exato e robusto. A partir do método de deposição interfacial do polímero pré-formado, as nanopartículas foram preparadas com sucesso em três concentrações diferentes de clotrimazol (1, 2 e 3 mg/mL). Os parâmetros físico-químicos avaliados foram pH, diâmetro de partícula, índice de polidispersão, teor, eficiência de encapsulamento, potencial zeta e estabilidade frente ao armazenamento por 60 dias. A eficiência de encapsulamento foi próxima a 100%, o valor do potencial zeta foi positivo devido ao polímero catiônico empregado, valor de pH em torno de 5,6 e teores de fármaco próximos aos teóricos. A distribuição de tamanho foi nanométrica (140-200 nm), com índice de polidispersão menor que 0,2. As formulações apresentaram características físico-químicas adequadas e foram estáveis durante o armazenamento. Estudos de fotodegradação mostraram que o nanoencapsulamento melhorou a estabilidade do clotrimazol sob radiação UVC, em comparação com a solução do fármaco livre, após 14 horas de experimento. A liberação do fármaco in vitro, a partir da técnica de sacos de diálise, foi caracterizada como uma liberação prolongada sem efeito burst, que foi mediada por transporte anômalo e seguiu cinética de primeira ordem, independente do óleo utilizado. As suspensões foram capazes de diminuir a velocidade de liberação do clotrimazol nas 24 horas de experimento. A partir do método de microdiluição, procedeu-se a avaliação microbiológica in vitro das suspensões de nanocápsulas contra Candida albicans e Candida glabrata sensíveis e resistentes ao fluconazol. Em combinação com o clotrimazol nas nanopartículas, os triglicerídeos de cadeia média apresentaram valores de CIMs semelhantes à solução metanólica contendo o óleo e o fármaco. Além de apresentar atividade antifúngica em solução, o óleo de coco não perdeu sua atividade após a incorporação na nanoestrutura e, em associação com o fármaco, apresentou maior inibição do crescimento microbiano do que as nanocápsulas de triglicerídeos de cadeia média com clotrimazol. Por fim, as suspensões nanoparticuladas foram incorporadas em hidrogéis contendo polímeros com propriedades mucoadesivas, Pemulen® e Pullulan, que apresentaram teor, pH e espalhabilidade adequados. As formulações desenvolvidas neste estudo representam alternativas promissoras para o tratamento da candidíase vulvovaginal.
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Caleiro, Eliana Miranda. "Efeito da suplementação do óleo de coco extra virgem sobre parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais de ratos com obesidade induzida por dieta de cafeteria." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2012. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/265.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-22This study aimed to evaluate the supplementation effects of extra virgin coconut oil (EVCO) on lipid parameters, weight, and body fat deposit of male and female rats with obesity induced by cafeteria diet. Were studied 48 rats divided into 3 groups (8 males and 8 females): CONTROL group: fed with commercial ration; OBESE Group: fed with cafeteria diet or palatable hyperlipidic diet (PHD); OBESE+COCO Group: PHD and supplemented with EVCO. The animals were weighed weekly, and in weeks 5 and 12 were assessed measures of body length and girth. After 12 weeks blood was collected for determination of total cholesterol and fractions (HDL and LDL), triglycerides (TG), collection and weighing the retroperitoneal and scrotal fat.It was noted that different effects were observed in obese and supplemented males and females. Females in OBESE group had significant elevation of total cholesterol, effect not attenuated by supplementation with EVCO. In TG, oil supplementation has proved beneficial, causing a reduction in serum levels in males and females. In the OBESE group, marked increase in LDL in females, and slightly increased in males were observed, and the supplementation with EVCO was more effective in lowering LDL in males than in females. In relation to HDL, the OBESE group revealed decrease in males but not in females, while in the OBESE + COCO group increased HDL occurred for both genders. The CONTROL and OBESE+COCO groups showed weight gain starting in the fourth and sixth weeks in males and females, respectively, while the OBESE group had won the starting third week in males and at the sixth week in females. Males had weights higher than females at twelve weeks evaluated. In weighing the retroperitoneal fat was observed lower values in CONTROL group, males showed higher values for females of all groups. The scrotal fat weight in the OBESE+COCO group was superior to CONTROL, and as well as circumference. In conclusion, the EVCO supplementation inobese rats showed lipid-lowering effects, mainly in males. However, the practice was not effective in reducing body weight in both genders, and promotes greater accumulation of abdominal fat in males, a risk factor for heart disease. Therefore, when performing EVCO supplementation should be considered where the desired benefit, gender and the possible effects that this supplement can produce.
Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da suplementação do óleo de coco extra virgem (OCEV) sobre os parâmetros lipídicos, peso, medidas e depósito de gordura corporal de ratos machos e fêmeas com obesidade induzida por dieta de cafeteria. Foram estudados 48 ratos Wistar, divididos em 3 grupos (8 machos e 8 fêmeas): Grupo CONTROLE: alimentados com ração comercial; Grupo OBESO: alimentados com dieta de cafeteria ou palatável hiperlipídica (DPH); Grupo OBESO+COCO: alimentados com DPH e suplementados com OCEV. Os animais foram pesados a cada 7 dias, e nas semanas 5 e 12 foram aferidas medidas de cintura corporal. Após 12 semanas foi realizada coleta de sangue para determinação do colesterol total e frações (HDL e LDL), triglicérides (TG) e glicose, bem como coleta e pesagem da gordura retroperitoneal e escrotal nos machos. Tanto a obesidade, quanto a suplementação do OCEV, produziram diferentes efeitos em machos e fêmeas. Fêmeas do grupo OBESO apresentaram importante elevação do colesterol total, efeito não atenuado pela suplementação com OCEV. No TG, a suplementação do óleo revelou-se benéfica, causando redução dos níveis séricos em machos e fêmeas. No grupo OBESO houve acentuado aumento do LDL nas fêmeas, e discreto aumento em machos, sendo que a suplementação com OCEV foi mais eficaz na redução do LDL em machos que em fêmeas. Em relação ao HDL, o grupo OBESO apresentou redução em machos, mas não em fêmeas, enquanto no grupo OBESO+COCO houve aumento do HDL para os dois gêneros. Os grupos CONTROLE e OBESO+COCO apresentaram ganho de peso a partir da quarta e sexta semanas do estudo em machos e fêmeas, respectivamente, enquanto o grupo OBESO apresentou ganho a partir da terceira semana nos machos e sexta semana nas fêmeas. Os machos tiveram pesos superiores aos das fêmeas nas 12 semanas avaliadas. Na pesagem da gordura retroperitoneal observou-se valores inferiores no grupo CONTROLE, e os machos apresentaram valores superiores ao das fêmeas de todos os grupos. O peso da gordura escrotal no grupo OBESO+COCO foi superior ao CONTROLE, assim como a circunferência abdominal. Conclui-se que a suplementação do OCEV em ratos obesos demonstrou efeitos hipolipemiantes, predominantemente em machos. Entretanto, a prática não foi eficaz em reduzir o peso corporal em ambos os gêneros, além de promover maior acúmulo de gordura abdominal em machos, fator de risco para doenças do coração. Portanto, ao realizar suplementação com OCEV deve-se considerar qual o benefício desejado, o gênero e os possíveis efeitos que este suplemento pode produzir.
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Cypriano, Cristiana Reis. "Alternativas de manejos em leitões neonatos para melhorar o desempenho na fase lactacional." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12721.
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As maiores perdas por mortalidade na maternidade concentram-se nos primeiros três dias de vida, ficando em torno de 30 a 40% para leitões que nascem abaixo de 1000g. O meio de obter um maior sucesso na diminuição da mortalidade neonatal tem sido através do intensivo manejo na maternidade como: indução e atendimento ao parto, equalização da leitegada, ingestão de colostro nas primeiras horas de vida e fornecimento de suplementação energética. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de leitões leves e médios que receberam o tratamento especializado após a equalização. Esse tratamento consistiu na implementação do manejo 40 por 20, o qual consiste em manter os leitões fechados no escamoteador por 40 minutos e 20 minutos mamando, seis vezes ao dia durante os três primeiros dias de vida, castração no 10° dia de vida e suplementação via oral com óleo de coco (3ml no primeiro e 3ml no segundo dia de vida) comparados a leitões leves e médios que não receberam tratamento diferenciado e foram castrados no sétimo dia. Foram acompanhados 2667 leitões oriundos de 222 fêmeas de ordem de parto de 2 a 3. No momento da equalização, os leitões foram pesados e divididos em dois grupos: leitegadas médias (>1100g ≤ 1500g) e leves (≥ 700g até ≤ 1100g). Após a pesagem, os leitões foram identificados individualmente com tatuagem de número seqüencial e divididos em grupos controle (leves CL e médios CM) e grupo tratado (leves TL e médios TM). Não houve diferença no ganho de peso do nascimento ao desmame relacionado aos manejos realizados em ambos os grupos (P>0,05). A taxa de mortalidade do nascimento ao desmame foi de 12,5% e 11,6% nos grupos CL e TL e 3,2% e 5,4% nos grupos CM e TM respectivamente. Porém, foi observado um aumento na mortalidade dos leitões médios (P<0,05) do grupo tratado até os 14 e 21 dias de vida. Como as diferenças nas taxas de mortalidade ocorreram após o 14º dia fica difícil associá-las aos manejos realizados. Foi observado um aumento na taxa de transferência dos leitões de baixo peso do grupo controle até os 14 e 21 dias (7,9% e 10,4% respectivamente) comparados aos demais grupos, os quais não se diferenciaram entre si (P>0,05). Possivelmente, se esses leitões não tivessem sido transferidos, haveria uma redução no ganho de peso e um aumento na taxa de mortalidade do grupo controle leve frente aos demais.Most pre-weaning losses concentrate on the first three days of life, affecting an average of 30-40% of piglets born under 1000g live weight. Most techniques used successfully to reduce neonatal mortality involve intensive pre-weaning management, such as farrowing induction and assistance, cross fostering, adequate intake of colostrum in the first few hours of life and supply of exogenous nutritional supplement (coconut oil). The aim of the present study was to assess the performance of light and medium weight piglets receiving specialized treatment after equalization, as with the system of management known as “40 to 20”, which consists in maintaining piglets closed for 40 minutes in the creep area and 20 minutes sucking six times daily during the first three days of life,with castration at the tenth day of life and supplementation with coconut oil (two doses of 3ml in the first and second day of life) compared with light and medium weight piglets that did not receive 40-20 treatment and were not castrated on the seventh day. A total of 2667 piglets originating from 222 females with parity order between 2 to 3 were monitored. At the time of equalization, piglets were weighed and divided into groups as medium weight (> 1100g ≤ 1500 g) and light weight (≥ 700g until ≤ 1100g). After weighing, the piglets were identified individually with tattooing of sequential numbers and divided into control group (light LG and medium MG) and treated group (light LT and medium MT). There was no difference in weight gain from birth to weaning related to management in both groups (P <0.05). The mortality rate from birth to weaning was 12.5% and 11.6% in groups LG and MG and 3.2% and 5.4% in groups LT and MT, respectively. However, an increase was observed in the mortality of the medium weight treated group (P <0.05) at 14 and 21 days of life. Because the differences in mortality rates were observed only after 14 days, it was difficult to associate with management. It was observed an increase in the rate of transfer of piglets with low weight of the control group at 14 and 21 days (7.9% and 10.4% respectively), when compared to the group of light weight piglets. This could possibly have negatively influenced weight gain and mortality rate of the group.
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Rêgo, Elisabete da Silva Mendonça. "Efeito de dieta cetogênica à base de óleo de coco sobre as crises convulsivas de ratos portadores de epilepsia induzida por pilocarpina." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/654.
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Epilepsy is a chronic disturbance of brain function characterized by the presence of recurrent and spontaneous seizures, making one of the most frequent and severe neurological diseases, affecting approximately 50 million people worldwide, mainly children. Among these, 40% had antiepileptic drug refractory seizures. Non-drug options as surgery, vagus nerve stimulation and the ketogenic diet are timely. This diet, used since 1921 in treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy is characterized by a high concentration of lipids and often by low concentration of carbohydrates and proteins. Traditionally, the ketogenic diet use long chain triacylglycerols (LCT), however, the medium chain triacylglycerols (MCT) are considered an alternative substrate for promoting faster ketonemia-ketonuria. The oil from coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a natural source of MCT, and is used for several purposes, including therapeutic. This dissertation aims to investigate the effects of the ketogenic diet based on coconut oil and soybean oil on epileptic seizures in rats, consists of a review chapter, entitled Drug-resistant epilepsies: an emphasis on treatment ketogenic, and an article from the results, entitled Effects of ketogenic diet based on coconut oil on the seizures of rats with epilepsy induced by pilocarpine. The article deals an experimental study conducted in Wistar rats, divided into three groups (n=10), named according to the diet received, in Control (standard diet AIN-93G), CetoTAGcoco (ketogenic diet based in coconut oil; AIN-93G diet modified to contain 7% soybean oil, 22.79% of extra virgin coconut oil and 40% margarine) and CetoTAGsoja (ketogenic diet based in soybean oil; AIN-93G diet modified to contain 29.79% of soybean oil and 40% margarine). The ratio lipid:carbohydrate+protein of ketogenic diets was 3.5:1 (control diet, 1:11.8). The experimental period lasted 19 days. The animals fed ketogenic diets showed food intake (g) below, however, dispend energetic and weight gain similar to Control group. The behavioral analysis showed that the experimental groups did not differ in frequency and duration of seizures, however, the animals in group CetoTAGcoco had shorter duration of seizures in the 19th day, that the Control group (0.00±0.00 against 22.78±2.95, respectively, P<0.05). Additionally, the CetoTAGcoco group presented lower variation of frequency and duration of seizures between the 19th and 1st day of treatment than the Control group (9.00±1.73 against 11.00±1.00, for frequency, and 20.80±12.61 against 49.14±21.15, for duration, respectively, P<0.05). The results of this study suggest a possible protective effect of ketogenic diet based on extra virgin coconut oil on seizures. That result, coupled with studies attesting to confidence and tolerance of the coconut oil, particularly in ketogenic ratios, indicating a potential benefit of this oil for control the seizures, especially for individuals with medically refractory epilepsy.Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas
A epilepsia é um disturbio crônico da função cerebral, caracterizado pela presença de crises convulsivas recorrentes e espontâneas. Trata-se de uma das mais frequentes e graves doenças neurológicas, que afeta cerca de 50 milhões de pessoas no mundo, principalmente crianças. Dentre estas, 40% apresentam crises refratárias às drogas antiepilépticas existentes. Opções não farmacológicas, como cirurgia, estimulação do nervo vago e dieta cetogênica, são oportunas. Esta dieta, utilizada desde 1921 no tratamento da epilepsia fármaco-resistente, caracteriza-se por alta concentração de lipídeos e, frequentemente, por baixa concentração de carboidratos e proteínas. Tradicionalmente, a dieta cetogênica utiliza como fonte lipídica os triacilgliceróis de cadeia longa (TCL); porém, os triacilgliceróis de cadeia média (TCM) são considerados um substrato alternativo, por promoverem cetonemia/cetonúria de forma mais rápida. O óleo proveniente do coco (Cocos nucifera L.) representa uma fonte natural de TCM, sendo utilizado para diversos fins, inclusive terapêuticos. A presente dissertação visa investigar os efeitos de dieta cetogênica à base de óleo de coco e óleo de soja sobre as crises convulsivas de ratos epilépticos. É constituída por um capítulo de revisão, intitulado Epilepsias fármaco-resistentes: uma ênfase no tratamento cetogênico, e um artigo de resultados, intitulado Efeito de dieta cetogênica à base de óleo de coco sobre as crises convulsivas de ratos portadores de epilepsia induzida por pilocarpina. O artigo trata de um estudo experimental realizado com ratos Wistar, alocados em três grupos (n=10), denominados, segundo a dieta recebida, em Controle (dieta padrão AIN-93G), CetoTAGcoco (dieta cetogênica à base de óleo de coco; AIN-93G modificada, com 7% de óleo de soja, 22,79% de óleo de coco extra-virgem e 40% de margarina) e CetoTAGsoja (dieta cetogênica à base de óleo de soja; AIN-93G modificada, com 29,79% de óleo de soja e 40% de margarina). A proporção lipídeos: carboidratos+proteína das dietas cetogênicas foi de 3,5:1 (dieta controle, 1:11,8). O período experimental totalizou 19 dias. Os animais submetidos aos tratamentos cetogênicos apresentaram consumo alimentar (g) inferior, porém, consumo energético (Kcal) e ganho de peso corporal (g) semelhantes ao grupo Controle. As análises comportamentais demonstraram que os animais dos grupos experimentais não diferiram entre si quanto à freqüência e à duração total das crises; entretanto, os animais do grupo CetoTAGCcoco tiveram menor duração média de crises no 19º dia, que o grupo Controle (0,00±0,00 contra 22,78±12,95, respectivamente; p<0,05). Adicionalmente, o grupo CetoTAGcoco apresentou valores inferiores de variação de frequência e de duração das crises entre o 19° e o 1° dia de tratamento, que o grupo Controle (9,00±1,73 contra 11,00±1,00, para freqüência, e 20,80±12,61 contra 49,14±21,15, para duração, respectivamente; p<0,05). Os resultados do presente estudo apontam para um possível efeito protetor da dieta cetogênica à base de óleo de coco extra-virgem sobre as crises convulsivas. Tais resultados, associados a estudos que atestem a confiabilidade e a tolerância do consumo de óleo de coco, particularmente em proporções cetogênicas, poderiam indicar um benefício potencial deste óleo no controle das crises convulsivas, especialmente para indivíduos portadores de epilepsia refratária a medicamentos.
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Sobral, Kamila Marcelino Brito. "Caracteriza??o morfoagron?mica e qu?mica de acessos de coqueiro-an?o e coqueiro-gigante." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2017. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/535.
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The genetic variability of the species Cocos nucifera L. that existing in Brazil is conserved in the International Coconut Germplasm Bank for Latin America and Caribe (ICG-LAC), which is located in the counties of Neopolis and Itaporanga d?Ajuda in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. Since from the establishment of the ICG-LAC some studies were carried out. However, this germplasm needs to be studied in depth comprising the morphoagronomical characterization, chemical and molecular evaluation in order to allow to estimate the genetic variability of the accessions. Thus, the aim of this work was to characterize morphologically coconut accessions (dwarfs and talls). The trials were carried out with eight tall coconut accessions in one cycle of production using 34 quantitative descriptors and with six dwarf coconut accessions in three cycles of production using 19 descriptors of fruits and 11 leave descriptors. The data obtained were subjected to univariate and multivariate analyses using the software GENES and Selegem. Among the accessions of tall coconuts the most dissimilar ones considering the morphoagronomical characters were Gigante-de-Rotuma and Gigante-do-Oeste Africano and they can be indicated as parents for coconut breeding programs. It was also found a great genetic variability among the coconut dwarf accessions of the ICG-LAC Bank, and this divergence was found to be consistent in the individual and joint analyses, including an analysis of maximum likelihood restricted (REML) taking into account a sample of morphological descriptors. The 14 coconut accessions (eight tall and six dwarfs) were used to perform a chemical evaluation of oil and their components in a cycle of crop production in two different field trials. It was found that some dwarf coconut accessions presented values of oil content similar to coconut tall accessions. Therefore, the best accessions can be exploited for coconut water as well as for production of oil and they can be selected as potential superior parents to be used in coconut breeding program.
A variabilidade gen?tica da esp?cie Cocos nucifera, L. existente no Brasil est? conservada no Banco Internacional de Germoplasma de Coco para Am?rica Latina e Caribe (ICG-LAC), localizado em Ne?polis e Itaporanga d?Ajuda em Sergipe, Brasil. Desde a implementa??o do ICG-LAC alguns estudos t?m sido realizados. No entanto, esse germoplasma precisa ser estudado em profundidade desde a caracteriza??o morfoagron?mica, qu?mica e molecular para se estimar a diversidade gen?tica dos acessos. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar e avaliar morfoagronomicamente e quimicamente acessos de coqueiro-an?o e gigantes. Os experimentos foram conduzidos com oito acessos de coqueiros-gigantes em um ciclo de cultura e usando 34 descritores quantitativos e com seis acessos de coqueiros-an?es em tr?s ciclos da cultura utilizando-se 19 descritores de frutos e 11 descritores de folha. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a an?lises univariadas e multivariadas usando o programa GENES e Selegem. Entre os acessos de coqueiros-gigantes avaliados os mais dissimilares pelas caracter?sticas agron?micas foram o Gigante-de-Rotuma e Gigante-do-Oeste-Africano, e estes podem ser indicados como genitores para programas de melhoramento. Foi encontrada tamb?m encontrada variabilidade gen?tica entre os acessos de coqueiro-an?o do banco ICG-LAC, diverg?ncia essa que se mostrou consistente nas an?lises individuais e conjuntas, incluindo uma an?lise de m?xima verossimilhan?a restrita (REML) usando uma amostra descritores morfol?gicos. Os 14 acessos de coqueiros (oito de gigantes e seis de an?es) foram analisados quanto ao teor de ?leo e seus componentes em um ciclo de cultura em dois experimentos separados. Constatou-se que alguns acessos de coqueiros-an?es apresentaram teor de ?leo pr?ximos dos valores obtidos pelos coqueiros-gigantes. Assim, os melhores acessos podem ser explorados tanto para ?gua de coco como para a produ??o de ?leo e s?o parentais potenciais para uso em programas de melhoramento do coqueiro.
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Gressler, Camila Costa. "EFEITOS DA DIETA HIPERLIPÍDICA SUPLEMENTADA COM ÓLEOS VEGETAIS NOS PARÂMETROS METABÓLICOS E INFLAMATÓRIOS EM RATOS WISTAR." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5740.
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The consumption of trans fat is strongly associated to the development of
cardiovascular disease (CVD) by its action on plasma lipids and because they act in
an inflammatory processes; besides, vegetable oils are used by population to prevent
these kind of disease. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of
consuming a high fat diet supplemented with coconut oil, avocado oil and chia oil in
inflammatory and metabolic parameters in wistar rats. After seven days in adjustment
period, 35 male Wistar rats received a standard diet for 45 days (TC), hyperlipidemic
diet and coconut oil (DHCO), hyperlipidemic diet and avocado oil (DHAB) and
hyperlipidemic diet and chia oil (DHCH), by gavage in the amount of 0.8 mL/kg body
weight. The diet consumption and serum TG levels were higher in TC. Liver weight
was higher in groups DHCO and DHAB, with no statistical difference between groups
(p <0.05) considering weight gain, epididymal fat weight and TC, HDL and LDL
serum levels. Higher plasma concentrations of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ were
found in the groups DHSF, DHCO and DHAB and lower in TC and DHCH groups.
The IL-10 was higher in the group DHCH. In the morphometric analysis, the DHCH
group showed increase on the cell number and reduction on their cytoplasm area.
The intervention on the hyperlipidemic diet consumption with trans fatty acid allowed
to observe that the lipid profile is preceded by a systemic inflammatory environment,
which is modulated by the omega-3 fatty acid (α-linolenic acid), present in chia oil,
which reversed this scene, but does not override the consumption of a balanced diet
observed by the TC group. This proves that dietary intervention to prevent CVD must
be associated to appropriate choices of lipid intake, maintaining an adequate intake
of omega-3, as evidenced in this paper by the decrease of pro-inflammatory
cytokines (IL-1, IL -6, TNF-α and IFN-γ) and IL-10 increased, which is considered
anti-inflammatory.O consumo de gordura trans é fortemente associado ao desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) por sua ação sobre os lipídios plasmáticos e por atuarem em processos inflamatórios, sendo que os óleos vegetais são utilizados pela população para a prevenção dessas doenças. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito do consumo de dieta hiperlipídica suplementada com óleo de coco, óleo de abacate e óleo de chia nos parâmetros metabólicos e inflamatórios em ratos wistar. Após sete dias em período de adaptação, 35 ratos wistar machos receberam por 45 dias dieta padrão (TC), dieta hiperlipídica e soro fisiológico (DHSF), dieta hiperlipídica e óleo de coco (DHCO), dieta hiperlipídica e óleo de abacate (DHAB) e dieta hiperlipídica e óleo de chia (DHCH), sendo que os óleos foram ofertados por gavagem na quantidade de 0,8 mL/kg de peso corporal. O consumo da dieta e níveis séricos de TG foram maiores no TC. O peso do fígado foi maior nos grupos DHCO e DHAB, sendo que não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos (p< 0,05) quanto ao ganho de peso, peso de gordura epididimal e níveis séricos de CT, HDL e LDL. Concentrações plasmáticas mais elevadas de IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α e IFN-γ foram encontradas nos grupos DHSF, DHCO e DHAB e as menores nos grupos TC e DHCH. A IL-10 foi maior no grupo DHCH. Na análise morfométrica, o grupo DHCH apresentou aumento do número de células e redução na área do citoplasma das mesmas. A intervenção do consumo de dieta hiperlipídica com ácido graxo trans permitiu observar que a alteração do perfil lipídico é precedida de um ambiente inflamatório sistêmico, o qual é modulado pelo ácido graxo ômega 3 (α-linolênico), presente no óleo de chia, o qual reverteu este quadro, mas não sobrepõe-se ao consumo de uma dieta equilibrada observada pelo grupo TC. Isto comprova que a intervenção dietética para prevenir a ocorrência de DCV deve estar associada a escolhas adequadas da ingestão de lipídios, mantendo um aporte adequado de ácido graxo ômega-3, evidenciado no trabalho pela diminuição das citocinas pró-inflamatórias (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α e IFN-γ) e aumento da IL-10 considerada anti-inflamatória.
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Brendle, Martina Gehrke. "DESENVOLVIMENTO TECNOLÓGICO DE SUSPENSÕES E LIOFILIZADOS DE NANOCÁPSULAS POLIMÉRICAS PARA A VEICULAÇÃO DO NEUROPROTETOR IDEBENONA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6022.
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Idebenone is an antioxidant, a synthetic derivative of coenzyme Q10, with several applications, such as neuroprotection. However, this drug has low solubility in water, besides is irritant substance and has chemical instability. Hence, idebenone-loaded nano-organized systems have been developed, such as polymeric nanocapsules (NC). Vegetable oils containing antioxidants such as coconut oil and palm oil can be interesting for the composition of these particles. In this way, the aim of this work was to develop NC suspensions containing different oils as core (palm, coconut or medium chain triglycerides) for delivery of neuroprotective agent idebenone in order to compare the behavior of these systems concerning physico-chemical stability, photostability, controlled release, and conversion to redispersible solid dosage forms (lyophilized products). The nanocapsules were prepared by interfacial deposition of preformed polymer. As the results, it was possible to prepare poly(Ɛ-caprolactone) NC suspensions and palm oil (PO/PCL) or Eudragit® RS100 and coconut oil (OC/EUD) containing idebenone (1.0 mg/mL) with appropriate physico-chemical characteristics. Parameters such as the proportion of aqueous phase/organic phase, type of both surfactant (low HLB) and polymer influenced the optimization of these systems. For comparison, corresponding formulations were prepared with medium chain triglycerides (TCM/PCL or TCM/EUD), using the same conditions. The suspensions had an average diameter between 166 and 216nm, low polydispersity index (0.085 to 0.142), positive or negative zeta potential, depending on the characteristics of the polymer, and high encapsulation efficiency. The maintenance of average particle diameter and low polydispersity index have be verified during stability study (room temperature and exposed or not to light) for 75 days. However, the idebenone content significantly decreased in this period, with influence on the type of polymer. Thereafter, photostability study has shown that the suspensions NC OP/PCL (UVC/UVA) and TCM/PCL (UVA) were able to significantly reduce the degradation of idebenone (content: 53,7-76,1%) compared to an aqueous micellar (content: 31,2-63,1%) dispersion containing the drug. In addition, these systems were able to promoting drug controlled release (t1/2 26 h), without burst effect, showing monoexponential profile (t1/2< 3.0 h for free drug). The lyophilization of suspensions, employing trehalose as soluble carbohydrate, resulted in suitable and redispersible products (content of 96-100%, less than 3.6% moisture; 0.8-1.2 index), presenting several spherical structures, including in colloidal range, featuring the presence of NC in these dried products. In the stability study (room temperature/protection from light and moisture), it was observed that the lyophilized products were able to delay or decrease the degradation of idebenone compared to suspensions of origin, regardless of the both type of polymer (PCL/EUD) and oil (OP/OC/TCM). In conclusion, the developed systems are promising for the controlled release of neuroprotective drug idebenone.A idebenona é um antioxidante, derivado sintético da coenzima Q10, com várias aplicações, como em neuroproteção. No entanto, este fármaco possui baixa solubilidade em água, potencial irritativo e instabilidade química, fato que tem despertado o interesse em sua associação a sistemas nano-organizados. Dentre estes, destacam-se as nanocápsulas poliméricas (NC). Óleos vegetais, contendo compostos antioxidantes, como óleo de coco e de palma, podem ser interessantes para a composição destas partículas. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver suspensões de NC contendo diferentes óleos como núcleo (palma, coco ou triglicerídeos de cadeia média), almejando à veiculação do neuroprotetor idebenona, de forma a comparar o comportamento dos sistemas quanto à estabilidade físico-química, fotoestabilidade, controle de liberação, além da conversão em formas farmacêuticas sólidas redispersíveis (liofilizados). As NC foram preparadas pelo método de deposição interfacial de polímero pré-formado. Conforme os resultados, foi possível preparar suspensões de NC de poli(ε-caprolactona) e óleo de palma (OP/PCL) ou de Eudragit® RS100 e óleo de coco (OC/EUD), contendo idebenona (1,0 mg/mL), com características físico-químicas adequadas, sendo que fatores como proporção das fases aquosa/orgânica, tipo de tensoativo de baixo EHL e de polímero influenciaram a otimização dos sistemas. Para fins comparativos, formulações correspondentes foram preparadas com triglicerídeos de cadeia média (TCM/PCL ou TCM/EUD), empregando as mesmas condições. As suspensões apresentaram diâmetros médios entre 166 e 216 nm, baixos índices de polidispersão (0,085-0,142), potencial zeta positivo ou negativo, dependendo das características do polímero e elevada eficiência de encapsulamento. Quando estas suspensões foram submetidas a estudo de estabilidade, à temperatura ambiente e expostas ou não à luz, durante 75 dias, verificou-se manutenção dos diâmetros médios de partículas e baixos índices de polidispersão. Entretanto, o teor de idebenona decaiu significativamente neste período, com influência significativa do tipo de polímero. Após, estudo de fotoestabilidade demonstrou que as suspensões de NC OP/PCL (UVC/UVA) e TCM/PCL (UVA) foram capazes de reduzir significativamente a degradação da idebenona (teor remanescente: 53,7-76,1%) em comparação a uma dispersão micelar aquosa contendo o fármaco (teor remanescente: 31,2-63,1%), além de promoverem liberação controlada da mesma (t1/2 26 h), sem efeito burst, com perfil ajustado ao modelo monoexponencial (t1/2<3,0 h para fármaco livre). A liofilização das suspensões, empregando trealose, um carboidrato solúvel, resultou em produtos adequados (teor entre 96-100 %; umidade inferior a 3,6 %), redispersíveis (índice de ressuspensão entre 0,8-1,2) e com a presença de inúmeras estruturas esféricas, inclusive na faixa coloidal, caracterizando a presença das NC nestes produtos secos. No estudo de estabilidade (temperatura ambiente/proteção da luz e da umidade), observou-se que os produtos liofilizados foram capazes de retardar ou diminuir significativamente a degradação da idebenona em comparação às suspensões de origem, independentemente do tipo de polímero (PCL/EUD) e de óleo (OP/OC/TCM). Sendo assim, os sistemas desenvolvidos são promissores para a liberação controlada do neuroprotetor idebenona.
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PESSOA, Taciano. "Desidratação osmótica e fritura de palitos de inhame em óleos de coco e de soja." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2015. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/907.
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Realizou-se esta pesquisa com o objetivo de produzir palitos de inhame fritos em óleos de coco e de soja, estabelecendo parâmetros comparativos de qualidade nutricional e sensorial. Para obtenção do óleo de coco, foi realizada uma prensagem a frio, após estudo de secagem das tiras de coco em estufa a 60 e 70°C, que foram ajustadas as equações matemáticas de Cavalcanti Mata, Handerson & Pabis, Page, Verma e modelo difusional de Fick 4 termos. A caracterização dos óleos utilizados, avaliados antes e após as frituras quanto ao teor de água, índices de acidez, peróxido, refração, iodo, saponificação e calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC). Os palitos de inhame foram pré tratados em soluçõ es osmóticas salinas, contendo 5, 10 e 15% de sal (NaCl), onde realizou-se a cinética de desidratação osmotica, que pode-se calcular as perdas de massa e ganho de sólidos das amostras, em seguida foram fritos em óleo de coco e de soja, nas temperaturas de 150, 170 e 190°C, em que foram avaliados as características químicas e físico-químicas dos palitos de inhame In natura, após DO e frituras, quanto aos parâmetros: acidez, pH, atividade de água, teor de água, lipídeos, teor de sódio, teor de amido, absorção de gordura, remoção de água, razão de absorção de gordura. Para a cor (L, a e b) e textura instrumental os parâmetros: firmeza, coesividade, elasticidade e mastigabilidade . Para verificar a aceitação do produto, as amostras foram fritas a 190°C em seguida submetidas a análise sensorial. Concluiu-se que: A equação matemática de secagem proposta Cavalcanti Mata é, dentre aqueles testados, o que apresenta melhor ajuste sendo o selecionado para a representação da cinética dos palitos de coco; As características de identidades do óleo de soja analisado, apresentaram-se dentro dos padrões exigidos para os índices de acidez, peróxido, iodo, refração e saponificação; As caraterísticas de identidade do óleo de coco, apresentou-se dentro dos padrões estabelecidos para os índices de acidez, peróxido e refração; O DSC permitiu verificar o seu desempenho térmico de oxidação com evento exotérmico em pico a 238,3 e 237,8°C, para o óleo de coco e de soja respectivamente; O índice de peróxido dos óleos utilizados nas frituras de 150°C ocorre um aumento do índice avaliado, com o aumento do número de frituras, o óleo de soja apresenta valores superiores a 8,494 (meq/1000 de óleo) quanto aos observados no óleo de coco valores menores que 4,244 (meq/1000 de óleo), que o torna indesejado para o consumo, quando se compara a legislação brasileira; O aumento da concentração de sal nas soluções favoreceu para uma maior perda de peso e ganho de sólidos dos palitos de inhame; Para a razão de absorção de gordura (RAG) amostras fritas com óleo de coco apresentaram menores valores de RAG. O aumento das temperaturas de fritura das amostras, tenderam apresentar menores valores de RAG; A textura instrumental dos palitos de inhame fritos, obtiveram influencias direta do tratamentos osmóticos, óleo e temperatura utilizados na fritura; Com base no perfil de atitude dos consumidores, pode-se concluir que as amostras que apresentaram maior aceitação foram: os palitos de inhame fritos em óleo de coco pré tratados com desidrat ação osmótica a 15% de solução salina, para os palitos de inhame fritos em óleo de soja, foram as amostras tratadas com desidratação osmótica a 10 e 15% de solução salina. Considerando os resultados obtidos na pesquisa para a produção de palitos de inhame frito, conclui-se que a união de matérias primas permitiu originar um produto com quam lidade sensorial e acessibilidade para o mercado consumidor.
Carried out this search in order to produce fried yams sticks coconut and soy oils, establishing comparative parameters of nutritional and sensory quality. To obtain coconut oil a cold pressing was performed after drying study of coconut strips in a greenhouse at 60 to 70 ° C, which were adjusted mathematical equations Cavalcanti Woods, Handerson & Pabis, Page Verma and model diffusive Fick 4 terms. The characterization of the oils used, evaluated before and after frying as the water content, acidity index, peroxide, refraction, iodine, saponification and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Yam sticks were pretreated with saline osmotic solutions containing 5, 10 and 15% salt (NaCl), which was he ld osmotic dehydration kinetics, which can calculate the mass loss and solid gain of sample then they were fried in coconut oil and soybean oil at temperatures of 150, 170 and 190°C, which evaluated the chemical and physicochemical characteristics of yam sticks in natura after DO and fried foods, as the parameters : acidity, pH, water activity, water content, lipids, sodium content, starch content, fat absorption, water removal rate of fat absorption. For color (L, a and b) and instrumental texture parameters: firmness, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness. To verify acceptance of the product, samples were fried at 190°C and then subjected to sensory analysis. It was concluded that: The mathematical equation drying proposal Cavalcanti Mata is among thos e tested, which fits better being selected to represent the kinetics of coconut sticks; The characteristics of soybean oil identities analyzed were within the standards required for the acid values, peroxide, iodine, refraction and saponification The ident ity characteristics of coconut oil, was within the standards established for the acidity index, peroxide and refraction; The DSC has shown this thermal oxidation performance with peak exothermic event at 238.3 and 237.8 ° C for coconut oil and soybean oil, respectively; The peroxide value of the oils used in the frying of 150 ° C an increase of the estimated index, with increase of fried foods, soybean oil exhibited superior values 8.494 (meq / 1000 oil) as those observed in the oil coconut values less than 4,244 (mEq / 1000 oil) which makes it undesirable for consumption, when comparing the Brazilian legislation; Increasing the salt concentration in the solution favored for greater weight loss and gain the yams solid sticks; For the reason of fat absorption (RAG) chips with coconut oil samples showed lower values RAG. The increase in frying temperatures of the samples tended RAG have lower values; The instrumental texture of fried yam sticks, obtained direct influence of osmotic treatments, oil and temperature used for frying; Based on consumer attitude profile, it can be concluded that the samples had higher acceptance were fried yams sticks pre coconut oil treated with osmotic dehydration at 15% saline to fried yams sticks in soybean oil samples were treated with osmotic dehydration at 10 and 15% saline. Considering the results obtained in the research for the production of fried yam sticks, concluded that the union of raw materials allowed yield a product with sensory quality and affordability for the consumer market.
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Bernardino, Aline Sales. "Flutuação populacional da broca-da-coroa-foliar Eupalamides cyparissias (Lepidoptera: Castiniidae) em plantios de dendê (Elaeis guineensis) no estado do Pará." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2007. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4013.
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Previous issue date: 2007-07-31Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Eupalamides cyparissias (Fabricius, 1776) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) which synonymies are Castnia daedalus, Cyparissius daedalus, Eupalamides daedalus, Lapaeumides daedalus and Cyparissius daedalus is one of the most important insect pest in oil palm culture. This species causes severe damage to palm oil and coconut production in the State of Pará, Brazil and it is characterized by a wing span from 17 to 21 cm and by damage to coconut and palm oil plantations besides to other native palm trees of the Amazonian region. The strategies of controlling this pest have low efficiency and their generations overlap during the year. Therefore, the objective was to study the population fluctuation of E. cyparissias based on data of caterpillars, pupae and adults of E. cyparissias collected from September 2002 to January 2007. Data on capture of this insect were obtained on plantations of oil palm of the Agroindustrial Complex of Agropalma in the municipalities of Thailand, Pará State distant 80 Km from the capital Belém. Climate data were obtained in meteorological stations of this company. Four independent analyses were done to verify the influence of environmental factors and the probability of occurrence/survival of caterpillars (L1, L2 and L3), pupae and adults of E. cyparissias. The relative humidity, rainfall, thermal amplitude and mean temperature were the variables that affected the occurrence of the different stages of E. cyparissias. These initial studies give an idea of the period of occurrence of the different stages of this insect, but additional ones are necessary to determine population increase and reduction of this species in the field.
A broca-da-coroa-foliar Eupalamides cyparissiass (Fabricius,1776) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) cujas sinonímias são Castnia daedalus, e Cyparissius daedalus, Eupalamides daedalus, Lapaeumides daedalus, Cyparissius daedalus, destaca-se entre as espécies de insetos-praga mais importantes para a cultura do dendê. Essa espécie causa danos severos à produção de dendê e coco no Estado do Pará caracterizando-se pela envergadura de asas de 17 a 21 cm e pelos prejuízos aos cultivos de coco, dendê e outras palmeiras nativas da região Amazônica. As estratégias de controle dessa praga são pouco eficientes e suas gerações se sobrepõe-se. Por isso, o objetivo deste foi apresentar um estudo sobre a flutuação populacional de E. cyparissias, a partir de dados de captura de lagartas, pupas e adultos de setembro 2002 a janeiro de 2007. Os dados de captura foram coletados em plantios de dendê do Complexo Agroindustrial do Grupo Agropalma, situado no município de Tailândia, Pará, a 180 Km da capital Belém e os dados climáticos foram obtidos de medições feitas em estações meteorológicas da empresa. Foram realizadas quatro análises independentespara se verificar os fatores ambientais que influenciavam a probabilidade de ocorrência/sobrevivência de lagartas (L1, L2 e L3), pupas e adultos desse inseto. A umidade relativa, pluviosidade, amplitude térmica e temperatura média foram as variáveis que influenciaram a ocorrência das diferentes fases do ciclo de E. cyparissias. Estes estudos iniciais dão uma idéia do período de ocorrência das diferentes fases desse inseto, mas estudos adicionais são necessários para se determinar o aumento e redução de sua população no campo.
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Figueiredo, Aneli?se Lunguinho. "Pir?lise termoqu?mica de p?s da fibra de coco seco em um reator de cilindro rotativo para produ??o de bio-?leo." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12952.
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Previous issue date: 2011-07-01Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
This master thesis aims at developing a new methodology for thermochemical degradation of dry coconut fiber (dp = 0.25mm) using laboratory rotating cylinder reactor with the goal of producing bio-oil. The biomass was characterized by infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis TG, with evaluation of activation energy the in non-isothermal regime with heating rates of 5 and 10 ?C/min, differential themogravimetric analysis DTG, sweeping electron microscopy SEM, higher heating value - HHV, immediate analysis such as evaluated all the amounts of its main constituents, i.e., lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses. In the process, it was evaluated: reaction temperature (450, 500 and 550oC), carrier gas flow rate (50 and 100 cm?/min) and spin speed (20 and 25 Hz) to condensate the bio-oil. The feed rate of biomass (540 g/h), the rotation of the rotating cylinder (33.7 rpm) and reaction time (30 33 min) were constant. The phases obtained from the process of pyrolysis of dry coconut fiber were bio-oil, char and the gas phase non-condensed. A macroscopic mass balance was applied based on the weight of each phase to evaluate their yield. The highest yield of 20% was obtained from the following conditions: temperature of 500oC, inert gas flow of 100 cm?/min and spin speed of 20 Hz. In that condition, the yield in char was 24.3%, non-condensable gas phase was 37.6% and losses of approximately 22.6%. The following physicochemical properties: density, viscosity, pH, higher heating value, char content, FTIR and CHN analysis were evaluated. The sample obtained in the best operational condition was subjected to a qualitative chromatographic analysis aiming to know the constituents of the produced bio-oil, which were: phenol followed by sirigol, acetovanilona and vinyl guaiacol. The solid phase (char) was characterized through an immediate analysis (evaluation of moisture, volatiles, ashes and fixed carbon), higher heating value and FTIR. The non-condensing gas phase presented as main constituents CO2, CO and H2. The results were compared to the ones mentioned by the literature.
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de degrada??o termoqu?mica da fibra do coco seco (dp = 0,25 mm) utilizando reator de cilindro rotativo em escala de laborat?rio, visando a produ??o de bio-?leo. A biomassa foi caracterizada por an?lise elementar (C, H, N), espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier - IVTF, an?lise termogravim?trica ATG, com avalia??o da energia de ativa??o no regime n?o isot?rmico com taxas de aquecimento de 5 e 10 oC/min, an?lise diferencial termogravim?trica - DTG, microscopia eletr?nica de varredura - MEV, poder calor?fico superior - PCS, an?lise imediata (avalia??o da umidade, materiais vol?teis, cinzas e carbono fixo) bem como avalia??o dos teores dos principais constituintes, ou seja, lignina, celulose e hemicelulose. No processo de pir?lise os seguintes par?metros foram estudados: temperatura da rea??o (450, 500 e 550 ?C), vaz?o do g?s de arraste (50 e 100 cm?/min) e velocidade de centrifuga??o para condensa??o do bio-?leo (20 e 25 Hz). O fluxo de alimenta??o da biomassa (540 g/h), a rota??o do cilindro rotativo (33,7 rpm) e o tempo de rea??o (30 33 min) foram mantidos constantes. Os produtos obtidos no processo da pir?lise da fibra do coco seco foram o bio-?leo, os finos de carv?o e a fase gasosa n?o condensada. Um balan?o de massa macrosc?pico aplicado tendo como base o peso de cada produto permitiu obter o rendimento dessas fases. O melhor rendimento de 18,1 % em bio-?leo foi obtido nas seguintes condi??es: temperatura de 500 ?C, vaz?o de g?s inerte 100 cm?/min e velocidade de centrifuga??o de 20 Hz. Nessas condi??es, o rendimento em finos de carv?o foi de 21,7 %, fase gasosa n?o condens?vel 37,6 % e perdas da ordem de 22,6 %. Algumas propriedades f?sicas do bio-?leo foram avaliadas, a saber, a densidade, viscosidade, pH, poder calor?fico superior, teor de finos de carv?o, an?lise por IVTF e CHN. A an?lise cromatogr?fica do bio-?leo mostrou que os principais constituintes de sua composi??o foram o fenol seguido do sirigol, aceto vanilona e vinil guaiacol. A fase s?lida (finos de carv?o) obtida foi caracterizada por an?lise imediata, poder calor?fico superior e IVTF. A fase gasosa n?o condensada apresentou como principais constituintes o CO2, CO e H2. Os resultados foram comparados com dados da literatura.
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GOUVEIA, Deyzi Santos. "Processamento de amêndoas de coco catolé (Syagrus oleracea Mart) para extração de óleo comestível : degradação dos componentes graxos em função da temperatura de fritura." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2013. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/2010.
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Capes
Realizou-se esta pesquisa com o objetivo de analisar a composição lipídica do óleo de coco catolé (Syagrus oleracea Mart.) quanto ao perfil de ácidos graxos, identidade do óleo e possíveis variações decorrentes da degradação térmica. Para este fim também foram realizados os seguintes procedimentos: caracterização físico-química da amêndoa; secagem nas temperaturas de 40, 50, 60 e 70°C e levantamento da cinética nessas temperaturas, aplicando-se os modelos de Page, Henderson & Pabis, Lewis, Wang & Singh e Midilli et al; extração do óleo da amêndoa do coco catolé in natura e procedentes dos 4 níveis de secagens; caracterização físico-química do óleo (índice de acidez, índice de peróxido, índice de refração, índice de saponificação e índice de iodo) segundo metodologia proposta pela AOCS (2009); determinação da viscosidade cinemática do óleo a 40 °C e composição em ácidos graxos láurico (C12:0), mirístico (C14:0), palmítico (C16:0), esteárico (C18:0), oleico (C18:l) e linoleico (C18:2) do óleo, por cromatografia gasosa; avaliação da estabilidade térmica do óleo de coco catolé através da termogravimetria (TG); avaliação oxidativa do óleo utilizando-se o método Rancimat; avaliação do estresse térmico, segundo estudo da degradação dos componentes graxos do óleo de coco catolé devido à sua permanência durante 5 minutos, nas temperaturas de 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180°C, respectivamente, concluiu-se que: O teor lipídico, proteico e de carboidratos do coco catolé fornece cerca de 30,23% das necessidades calóricas de uma dieta de 2.000 Kcal de um indivíduo adulto; dentre os modelos testados o de Midilli et al. apresentou os maiores valores de R2 e os menores valores de DQM, para todas as temperaturas ajustando-se melhor aos dados observados; o óleo apresenta baixa possibilidade de deterioração oxidativa e boa estabilidade térmica com início de degradação em 203,1 °C; pela análise das curvas TG/DTG constatou-se a existência de duas etapas de decomposição térmica nos intervalos de 203,1 a 469,9 °C e 469,9 a 586,1 °C, com respectivas perdas de massa de 95,9 e 4,1 %; não houve variações relevantes com o aumento da temperatura no percentual do perfil de ácidos graxos do constituinte C 12:0 (ácido láurico), presente em maior quantidade no óleo.
This research was conducted with the objective of analyzing the lipid composition of catole coconut oil (Syagrus oleracea Mart.) with regard to the fatty acid profile, oil identity and possible variations resulting from thermal degradation. For this purpose the following procedures were performed: chemical and physico-chemical characterization of almond; drying (pre-extraction) at temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C; drying kinetics in these temperatures, applying Page, Henderson & Pabis, Lewis, Wang & Singh e Midilli et al. models; extraction of catole coconut oil of fresh almond and coming from 4 levels of drying; physicochemical characterization of oil (water content, acid value, peroxide value, refractive index, saponification number, iodine number and density), according to the methodology proposed by AOCS (2009) and, finally, fatty acid of oil composition (lauric (C12:0), myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:l) and linoleic (CI 8:2)) by gas chromatography; evaluating the thermal stability of the catole coconut oil using thermogravimetry (TG); Review of oxidative oil using the Rancimat method; kinematic viscosity determination of oil at 40 °C; evaluation of thermal stress, according to the degradation study of the fatty acids components from catole coconut oil due to the permanence of this by 5 minutes, at temperatures of 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180 °C, respectively. It was concluded: The content of lipid, protein and carbohydrate of catole coconut provides approximately 30.23% of the caloric needs of a 2,000 kcal diet for an adult; among the models tested, Midilli et al. models had the highest R2 values and lower values of DQM, for all temperatures, adjusting better to the observed data; The oil has a low possibility of oxidative deterioration and good thermal stability with degradation beginning at 203.1 °C; by analysis of the TG / DTG curves was observed the existence of two stages of thermal decomposition at intervals from 203.1 to 469.9 °C and 469.9 to 586.1 °C, with respective mass losses of 95.9 and 4,1%; there were no significant variations in percentage of the fatty acid profile of constituent C 12:0 (lauric acid), present in larger quantities in catole coconut oil, with temperature increase.
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Rocha, Thiago Ramalho da. "Reavalia??o da efici?ncia de ?leo de coco saponificado e de sua microemuls?o como inibidores de corros?o em uma c?lula eletroqu?mica." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17598.
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Previous issue date: 2008-04-25Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
An interesting development in surfactants science and technology is their application as corrosion inhibitors, since they act as protective films over anodic and cathodic surfaces. This work aims to investigate the efficiency of saponified coconut oil (SCO) as corrosion inhibitor and of microemulsified system (SCO + butanol + kerosene oil + distilled water), in saline medium, using an adapted instrumented cell, via techniques involving linear polarization resistance (LPR) and mass loss coupons (MLC). For this, curves of efficiency versus SCO concentration (ranging between 0 and 75 ppm) have been constructed. According to the obtained results, the following efficiency levels were reached with OCS: 98% at a 75 ppm concentration via the LPR method and 95% at 75 ppm via the MLC method. The microemulsified system, for a concentration of 15 ppm of SCO, obtained maximum inhibition of 97% (LPR) and 93% (MLC). These data indicate that it is possible to optimize the use of SCO in similar applications. Previous works have demonstrated that maximal efficiencies below 90% are attained, typically 65% as free molecules and 77% in microemulsified medium, via the LPR method in a different type of cell. Therefore, it can be concluded that the adapted instrumented cell (in those used methods) showed to be an important tool in this kind of study and the SCO was shown effective in the inhibition of the metal
Tensoativos v?m sendo alvo de interesse como inibidores de corros?o, pois funcionam como pel?culas protetoras sobre ?reas an?dicas e cat?dicas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a efici?ncia de inibi??o ? corros?o do tensoativo ?leo de coco saponificado (OCS) e do sistema icroemulsionado (OCS + butanol + querosene + ?gua destilada), em meio salino, utilizando-se uma c?lula instrumentada adaptada. A efic?cia do OCS foi avaliada utilizando-se os m?todos de resist?ncia de polariza??o linear (LPR) e cupons de perda de massa (CPM), tendo sido constru?das curvas de efici?ncia versus concentra??o de OCS (variando de 0 a 75 ppm). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, verificou-se que este tensoativo apresenta a seguinte ordem de efici?ncia de inibi??o ? corros?o: para uma concentra??o de 75 ppm, 98% pelo m?todo LPR e 95% pelo m?todo CPM. O sistema microemulsionado, para uma concentra??o de 15 ppm de OCS, obteve inibi??o m?xima de 97% (LPR) e 93% (CPM). Atrav?s deste trabalho foi poss?vel otimizar o uso do tensoativo OCS, que em trabalhos anteriores mostrou efic?cia m?xima inferior a 90% (63% na sua forma livre e 77% na sua forma microemulsionada, pelo m?todo LPR, em um outro tipo de c?lula). Conclusivamente, pode-se dizer que a c?lula instrumentada adaptada (nos m?todos utilizados) provou ser uma ferramenta importante neste tipo de estudo e o OCS mostrou-se efetivo na inibi??o do metal
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LIN, CHAO-WEI, and 林昭維. "The Characteristics Improvement of Adding Soapberry Extract Solution in Coconut Oil/Olive Oil Handmade Soaps." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63433237778803512225.
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碩士明新科技大學
化學工程與材料科技系碩士在職專班
104
The handmade soaps are very popular for people in Taiwan recently. Because of the majority composition of the soaps are made by natural materials such as fatty acid esters and essential oils. In this study an extract solution of Chinese soapberry is instead of water to mix with NaOH to form the alkali solution. The mixing ratios of Chinese soap berry extract solution to water are 0%, 20%, 50%, and 100%. The derived alkali solutions then add into the mixture of 30% coconut oil and 70% olive oil with mixing to proceed with the soapy reaction. The characteristics of the soaps with the adding of soapberry extractions are investigated. It is found the adding of the soapberry extractions into the soaps can improve the soap’s characteristics a lot. Comparison the properties of the soapberry soaps with the soap without soapberry extraction. It shows that the soapberry soaps own a better demoulding property, a better structure of compaction, and a better foaming effect than the soap without soapberry. Moreover, the oil oxidation of the residual olive oil in the soap can also be prevented by adding soapberry extraction. It is indicated that the best mixing ratios of soap berry extract solution to water is100% in this investigation.
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Sie, Yi-Ting, and 謝宜廷. "Formulation Development and Optimization of Macadamia Oil- and Coconut Oil- Nanoemulsions for Encapsulating Vitamin E." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30849240665268256023.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
化學工程與材料工程系
103
In this study, three different surfactants (polyethylene glycol 100-stearate (S-PEG100), hydrogenated soybean lecithin (HL), dimethyldiocatadecylammonium (DODAB)) were added into the macadamia oil or coconut oil to prepare nanoemulsions. The nanoemulsions were characterized by means of determination of size distribution, zeta-potential and the storage stability. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to study the effect of oil content (0.1%–2%, w/w) and surfactant/oil ratio (SOR) content (20–80%, w/w) on the particle size and stability of nanoemulsions. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to observe the nanoemulsion structure directly. The membrane and rheological combine properties of nanoemulsion were explored by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fluorescence polarization analysis and viscosity measurement. After cytotoxicity test, a reliable nanoemulsions formulation was selected to encapsulate Vitamin E and it’s in vitro skin penetration efficiency was evaluated . The results revealed that macadamia oil nanoemulsions in size order were S-PEG100-
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CHIANG, TZU-CHI, and 江紫綺. "Formulation Development and Optimization of Coconut Oil- and Canola Oil- Nanoemulsions and Evaluation Encapsulation Efficiency for Curcumin." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22733196774561702954.
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"Effects of Coconut Oil Supplementation on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Lipid Peroxidation." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.44225.
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abstract: ABSTRACT
Objective: The purpose of this randomized, placebo-controlled trial was to investigate the effect a daily coconut oil supplement (2 grams) would have on a common serum marker of systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein) and an indicator of oxidative stress (TBARS) when compared to the control group receiving a placebo capsule (white flour) in healthy, sedentary adults between the ages of 18-40 in Phoenix, Arizona.
Design: This study was designed as secondary analyses of blood samples originally collected to study the effects of coconut oil supplementation on blood lipids and body composition. The original study consisted of 32 healthy, adult volunteers recruited from the Arizona State University campus in Phoenix, Arizona. Participants followed no food restrictions or special diets, exercised less than 150 minutes per week, had no diagnoses of chronic disease, were not taking statin medications, were non-smokers, and no female participants were pregnant. Participants were randomized into either the Coconut Oil group (CO) or the Placebo group (PL) at week 0, and baseline blood samples and anthropometric measurements were obtained. Each participant completed an 8-week protocol consisting of two supplement capsules daily (coconut oil or placebo). Final fasting blood samples and anthropometric measurements were taken at week 8. This study analyzed the blood samples for measurements of C-reactive protein (CRP) and thiobarbituric reactive substance (TBARS).
Results: Eight weeks of 2 grams per day coconut oil supplementation, in comparison to placebo treatment, did not significantly reduce serum CRP ( -13% and +51% respectively, p=0.183) but did significantly increase TBARS ( +16% and -27% respectively, p=0.049).
Conclusions: Coconut oil supplementation (2 g/day) may impact lipid peroxidation as indicated by an increase in plasma TBARS concentration. Future trials are necessary to corroborate these results using other indices of fatty peroxide formation.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Nutrition 2017
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Yang, Yu-Tzu, and 楊玉慈. "Application of coconut oil biogel to confine and bioremediate DNAPL-contaminated groundwater." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3hkq66.
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碩士國立中山大學
環境工程研究所
107
Soil and groundwater at many existing and former industrial areas and disposal sites are contaminated by halogenated organic compounds that were released into the environment. When they are released into the subsurface, they tend to adsorb onto the soils and cause the appearance of DNAPL (dense-non-aqueous phase liquid) pool. In this study, trichloroethylene(TCE) will be used as the target compound for the feasibility and pilot-scale studies. The cost-effective approach for the remediation of the TCE-contaminated aquifers is the application anaerobic reductive dechlorination for TCE biodegradation. However, enhanced in situ bioremediation requires the injection of primary substrates, which would cause the acidification problem of the subsurface environment. Although the emulsified oil has been produced and used as the substrate to improve the transport ability, its capability on DNAPL encapsulation is not significant. In this study, the emulsified coconut oil gel substrate (ECGS) will be developed to improve its capability on DNAPL source encapsulation and prevent its further migration. Coconut oil is a temperature-sensitive oil, which forms a liquid gel under low temperature. When hot agar is mixed with coconut oil, the mixture becomes a thick liquid. Under low temperature conditions, the molecules of the mixture forms the liquid gel. The first part of the batch test results showed that the initial concentration of TCE in emulsified coconut oil gel substrate group A and group B was 3.44 mg/L and 3.17 mg/L, respectively, and the concentration of TCE in group A was 0.67 mg/L on day 90. The degradation rate is 80%; the TCE concentration of the group B is 0.66 mg/L on the 90th day, and the degradation rate is 79%, which is 16% higher than the common substrates group, and without the easy addition of buffering, The pH control is effectively controlled in the neutral range, eliminating the problem of matrix acidification in the past. Follow-up continuous column test, the results of the study show that Column 1 is between 1.0 and 1.2 mg/L in the case of continuous replenishment of contaminants. Column 2 is the injection well and the downstream Column 3 biological reaction zone. During the test, the measured pollutant concentrations are lower than the first type of groundwater control standard (0.005 mg/L). It shows that the bio-use gel matrix can not only block and limit the pollutants remaining in the unsaturated layer, but also stimulate the growth of the existing micro-organisms to achieve the purpose of TCE anaerobic reductive dechlorination. In addition to biological limitations and remediation of wall concepts as pollution sources and boundary control, risk control can also be achieved. It is a green rectification method that is economical and breaks through the traditional design framework, and conforms to the concept of local, biological and passive sustainable green rectification design.
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Tsai, Ching-Huang, and 蔡慶煌. "Development of Coconut Oil and Anhydrous Milk Fat to Apply in Cookies and Cakes." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e9mkc3.
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碩士國立高雄餐旅大學
飲食文化暨餐飲創新研究所
107
Coconut oil contains a large amount of medium-chain saturated fatty acids with a melting point between 22-26℃. Since the oil has rich saturated fatty acids, it has the excellent stability. As a result, its melting point is lower than other animal fats, and the molecules are easily absorbed and not forming body fat. For the human body, there is no doubt tht the blood vessels will not be accumlating and blocking. The study useed refined coconut oil with anhydrous milk fat to make cookies and cakes first, and it was expcted to explore the baking fat with healthy function and lower cost. The first stage of this research investigates the effects on the oil whether the oil being kneading or not. Afer consumer sensory evaluation, this research found out the oil with kneading process had significantly higher overall average accpetance points than the oil without kneading process, and they were 6.59 and 6.21, respectively. This stage of the research also found out the oil with kneading process had better whipping and emulsifying functions In addition, the molecular crystals of kneading anhydrous milk fat were finer and it canmake softer dough. After the first stage, this study explored the differences by using the different proportions of refined coconut and anhydrous milk fat to make cookies and cakes. According to the results of consumer sensory evalution and physical property analysis, the overall acceptance of the consumer sensory evalution There was no significant difference between 100% anhydrous milk fat and 75% anhydrous milk fat mixed with 25% coconut oil. However,camparing with 50% anhydrous milk fat and 50% coconut oil, the percentage with 75% anhydrous milk fat and 25% coconut oil could mke better qulity cookies and cakes.
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Das, Smrutirekha. "Characterization o f activated carbon of coconut shell,rice husk and karanja oil cake." Thesis, 2014. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5712/1/110CH0351-8.pdf.
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The studies on characterization of different type of adsorbent such as coconut shell activated carbon, activated carbon from rice husk and activated carbon from karanja oil cake has been performed. The characterization of the adsorbents includes estimation of various parameters such as proximate analysis (moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content and fixed carbon content), bulk density, BET surface area, SEM, porosity, pH, iodine number and methylene blue number. Surface area of adsorbents was found by BET surface area analyzer. The pore structure of activated carbon was observed through SEM analysis. The porosity and pore volume was estimated using mercury porosimeter. The adsorbent that showed best surface properties was used for adsorption of methylene blue dye. Adsorption capacity of the activated carbon was determined to access its maximum potential for methylene blue removal
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Lin, Yu-Chin, and 林郁青. "Qualities of cookie prepared with coconut oil and beeswax organogel as replacement for hydrogenated fat." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24qx2s.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
105
Lipid is critical in human’s diet. Nowadays, more and more consumers are aware the importance of healthy eating habit, and they would like to choose the product not only with sensual innovation but with health benefits. The objective of this research is to generate healthier cookie, developing new organogels to substitute for the commercial shortening. The organogels were combined coconut oil with different concentration of beeswax (0%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15%, and 17.5%). The concentrations of beeswax directly affected their texture properties. Both hardness and cohesiveness increased when organogel had more beeswax. The organogel contained 12.5% beeswax showed similar hardness and cohesiveness like commercial shortening. The coconut oil has much lower melting point (25.58℃) than commercial shortening (34.29℃). When adding 7.5% and 10% beeswax in coconut oil, the melting point became 35.32℃ and 35.85℃ respectively which were similar to commercial shortening. The analysis of fatty acid showed that organogel didn’t contain any trans fatty acid. In addition, beeswax is rich in palmitic acid and lignoceric acid, and this property can provide toughness of the samples. On the other hand, coconut oil has many different kinds of fatty acid, which have good benefits to human health. Although using organogel didn’t affect the texture of the cookie dough, the hardness of cookie was different after baking. The cookie used 12.5% to 17.5% beeswax has similar hardness with using commercial shortening. Moreover, the cookies in these beeswax ratios showed less oil leaking. The antioxidant properties of cookie suggested that total polyphenol content increase when beeswax concentration increase, but as beeswax concentration exceed 15%, the reducing power and antioxidant activity were both decrease. Furthermore, cookies with organogel showed lower peroxide values than commercial shortening in 60℃ after 20 days, which means they had better storage characteristics. The sensory evaluation showed commercial shortening had the highest score in all sections. However, cookie with 12.5% beeswax containing coconut oil organogel were only slightly unflavor, and it didn’t have much coconut flavor. Therefore, it was acceptable for consumers. Based on the above results, the organogel of coconut oil with 12.5% beeswax not only without any trans fatty acid but also can be a feasible shortening substitute on cookie making process.
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TSAI, CHIEH-MING, and 蔡傑茗. "Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of the Essential Oil from Coconut Using the Experimental Design Method." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44jxya.
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碩士中國文化大學
化學工程與材料工程學系奈米材料碩士班
107
In this study, supercritical carbon dioxide was used to extract essential oils from coconut, and the effects of pressure, temperature and flow rate on the yield of essential oils were investigated. In this experiment, central synthesis design was used. The condition factors of each experiment were of five levels. During the experiment, the experimental design pressure conditions were 2496 psi, 2700 psi, 3000 psi, 3300 psi, and 3504 psi, the temperature conditions were 39.96°C, 42°C, 45°C, 48°C, and 50.04°C, and the flow rate condition were 46.3 L/hr, 60 L/hr, 80 L/hr, 100 L/hr, 113.6 L/hr. This experiment was a factor of three. Due to the central composite design, there are 8 corner points, 6 axial points and 6 repetitions of the central point experiment. At the end of the experiment, a second-order regression analysis. The Matlab software is used to draw the reaction surface map to explore the significance of the interaction between the various factors and factors, and to analyze the optimal extraction conditions. The optimum conditions for the actual experiment were a pressure of 3504 psi, a temperature of 45 ° C, and a flow rate of 80 L/hr, and the yield was 48.87%. The optimum yield was estimated at a pressure of 3504 psi, a temperature of 41.4 ° C, a flow rate of 113.6 L/hr, and a yield of 49.42%. Then, using the Soxhlet extraction method to extract the crude fat rate of coconut oil, and the yield of coconut oil obtained by supercritical extraction method, it is more economical to compare which extraction method. The Fourier transform infrared spectrometer was used to analyze whether the fatty acids in the obtained products were the same.
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Yi-MingLee and 李翊銘. "Protective Effect of Cold Pressed Coconut Oil on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8f93hb.
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"Effect of a Coconut Oil Supplement (2g/d) on Total Cholesterol to HDL Cholesterol Ratio in Healthy Adults." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.44137.
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abstract: There are limited studies exploring the direct relationship between coconut oil and cholesterol concentrations. Research in animals and a few intervention trials suggest that coconut oil increases the good cholesterol (high density lipoprotein, HDL) and thus reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. Preliminary research at Arizona State University (ASU) has found similar results using coconut oil as a placebo, positive changes in HDL cholesterol concentrations were observed.
The goal of this randomized, double blind, parallel two arm study, was to further examine the beneficial effects of a 2g supplement of coconut oil taken each day for 8 weeks on cholesterol concentrations, specifically the total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio, compared to placebo.
Forty-two healthy adults between 18-40 years of age, exercising less than 150 minutes each week, non smoking, BMI between 22-35 and not taking any medications that could effect blood lipids were recruited from the ListServs at ASU. Participants were randomized to receive either a placebo capsule of flour or a coconut oil capsule (Puritan’s Pride brand, coconut oil softgels, 2g each) and instructed to take the capsules for 8 weeks.
Results indicated no significant change in total cholesterol to HDL ratio between baseline and 8 weeks in the coconut oil and placebo groups (p=0.369), no significant change in HDL (p=0.648), no change in LDL (p=0.247), no change in total cholesterol (p=0.216), and no change in triglycerides (p=0.369).
Blood lipid concentrations were not significantly altered by a 2g/day dosage of coconut oil over the course of 8 weeks in healthy adults, and specifically the total cholesterol to HDL ratio did not change or improve.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Nutrition 2017
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Lin, Shih-Chien, and 林士艦. "Production of Mannanase by Aspergillus niger submerged fermentation - the effect of coconut copra oil extraction and air jet agitation." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76986163123608965557.
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碩士朝陽科技大學
應用化學系碩士班
96
This research studied the production of mannanse, in liquid culture, by Aspergillus niger SG-907, using deoiled copra as the carbon source. Plate culture conditions, liquid broth compositions, fermentation conditions and analytical methods were studied. The influences of oil extraction rate and, agitation and oxygen supply by air jet, on enzyme production were also studied. Regarding carbon source, enzyme activity was higher when the copra was highly deoiled. After 5 days, for fermentation broth containing 1.5% (w/v), with initial pH of 4.0, at 35°C and 150 rpm, and inoculum of 108 spores/mL, the enzyme activity was as high as 68 U/mL. This research also studied an alternative agitation and oxygen supplementation method using air jet. The effects of nozzle design and air pressure on enzyme activity and dissolved oxygen were compared. The types of surfactant and its concentration significantly influenced the distribution of cells as well as enzyme activity. Three types of surfactant, Antifoam 204、Antifoam B Emulsion and Tween 80, were compared, and their concentrations were studied. It was found that Antifoam 204 at a concentration of 0.3% (w/v) was best for this fermentation system.
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HUANG, GUO-XIONG, and 黃國雄. "Effect of Medium Chain Triglyceride and Coconut Oil on Growth, Energy Metabolism, Body Fat Deposition and Sensory Properties in Broilers." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20099231115409593712.
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Panth, Nisha. "Differential effects of saturated fatty acids of varying chain length on lipid profiles in healthy individuals." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1406167.
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Masters Research - Master of Philosophy (MPhil)Saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake has been linked with increased blood lipid concentrations and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Current dietary guidelines consider all SFA as a single group and encourage to reduce saturated fat consumption to 10% of daily energy intake. However, not only the number, position and configuration of double bonds, but also the chain length of SFA have been shown to be a major determinant of their metabolic fate. Short-chain (SCFA, 2-4 carbons long, found in butter and products of fibre and resistant starch fermentation) and medium-chain (MCFAS, 6-12 carbons long, found in coconut and palm kernel oil) are absorbed directly through the villi of the intestinal mucosa and transported to the liver via the portal circulation. In contrast, long-chain (LCSFAS, >12 carbons, found in animal fats and dairy products) follow complex metabolic pathways including chylomicron synthesis in the intestinal villi, secretion into the thoracic lymph, hydrolysis of some triglycerides by lipoprotein lipase into free fatty acids which are transferred to the peripheral tissues (including muscle) followed by chylomicron remnants being taken up into the liver for further metabolism. This, together with the fact that humans spend most of their time in the postprandial state, suggests that saturated fat type may play an important role in overall lipid metabolism and modulation of CVD risk. Therefore, it was hypothesised that consumption of SCFA and MCFAS reduce blood lipid levels compared with LCSFAS. Our first aim, addressed in chapter 3, was to to establish the basis for our hypothesis, conducting systematic review and meta analysis of the literature assessing the differential effects of chain lengths of SFA on blood lipids. The findings from this chapter demonstrate that the consumption of MCFAS enriched diets increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) levels compared to LCSFAS diet without any significant effect on triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) levels. In chapter 4, we aimed to determine if SFA of different chain lengths would differentially influence postprandial lipid levels. In a randomised cross-over design, we investigated the effect of a meal (sweet biscuits) rich in either SCFA or MCFAS or LCSFAS on postprandial lipids (TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C). The results presented in this chapter demonstrate that the postprandial triglyceride response following MCFAS was lower compared to LCSFAS and that predominant fatty acid in the meal is a determinant of the lipemic response. In conclusion, while this study has highlighted the differential effects of chain lengths of SFA on blood lipids. These results draw attention to the evidence that guidelines on SFA must consider the fatty acid chain length and importantly, the diverse SFA containing foods (processed and unprocessed meats, dairy products, eggs, coconut and palm oils, chocolate) that may possess harmful, neutral or even beneficial effects in relation to cardiovascular health.