Academic literature on the topic 'Coconut palm Solomon Islands Seedlings'

AbstractThe species of the cixiid genus Myndus occurring in the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu are reviewed. M. macfarlanei sp. n. is described from Santa Cruz Islands. It is distinguished from M. mavors Fennah and M. taffini Bonfils, both of which are redescribed and illustrated. All species have been collected from coconut palms, and M. macfarlanei also from areca palm (Areca catechu). M. taffini has been previously confirmed as the vector of foliar decay of coconut palms in Vanuatu.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Coconut cadang-cadang viroid. Hosts: Coconut (Cocos nucifera), Corypha elata, oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Guam, Philippines, Solomon Islands.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Rhabdoscelus obscurus (Boisduval) Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae Attacks sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), coconut (Cocos nucifera), oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and sago palm (Metroxylon sagu). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Christmas Island, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Japan, Bonin Islands, Honshu, Malaysia, Sarawak, Taiwan, NORTH AMERICA, USA, Hawaii, OCEANIA, American Samoa, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Cook Islands, Fed. States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Diocalandra frumenti (Fabricius). Coleoptera: Curculionidae. Hosts: coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) Canary Island date palm (P. canariensis), African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and a number of other palm species. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Spain (Canary Islands)), Asia (Bangladesh, China, Cocos Islands, India (Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), Indonesia (Irian Jaya, Java, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Sumatra), Japan (Ryukyu Archipelago), Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak), Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand), Africa (Madagascar, Seychelles, Somalia, Tanzania), South America (Ecuador), Oceania (Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia), Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu).

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Ganoderma boninense Pat. Hosts: Coconut (Cocos nucifera), oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria, China, Hainan, Indonesia, Sumatra, Japan, Kyushu, Peninsular Malaysia, Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Ganoderma orbiforme (Fr.) Ryvarden. Basidiomycota: Polyporales. Hosts: betelnut palm (Areca catechu), coconut (Cocos nucifera) and African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (China (Hainan), Indonesia (Sumatra), Japan (Kyushu), Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak), Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand), South America (Brazil (Parana)), Oceania (Australia (New South Wales, Queensland), Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu).

AbstractCoconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB), Oryctes rhinoceros, is a pest of palm trees in the Pacific. Recently, a remarkable degree of palm damage reported in Guam, Hawaii, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands has been associated with a particular haplotype (clade I), known as “CRB-G”. In the Palau Archipelago, both CRB-G and another haplotype (clade IV) belonging to the CRB-S cluster coexist in the field. In this study, more than 75% of pheromone trap-captured adults of both haplotypes were Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV)-positive by PCR. No significant difference in OrNV prevalence between the haplotypes was detected. In PCR-positive CRB-G tissue specimens from Palau, viral particles were observed by electron microscopy. Hemocoel injection of CRB larvae with crude virus homogenates from these tissues resulted in viral infection and mortality. OrNV isolated from Palauan-sourced CRB was designated as OrNV-Palau1. Both OrNV-Palau1 and OrNV-X2B, a CRB biological control isolate released in the Pacific, were propagated using the FRI-AnCu-35 cell line for production of inoculum. However, the OrNV-Palau1 isolate exhibited lower viral production levels and longer larval survival times compared to OrNV-X2B in O. rhinoceros larvae. Full genome sequences of the OrNV-Palau1 and -X2B isolates were determined and found to be closely related to each other. Altogether these results suggest CRB adults in Palau are infected with a less virulent virus, which may affect the nature and extent of OrNV-induced pathology in Palauan populations of CRB.

Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world and comprises 5 main islands and about 30 smaller archipelagos. In total, there are 13,667 islands and islets, of which approximately 6,000 are inhabited. The estimated area of the Republic of Indonesia is 5,193,250 km2, which consists of a land territory of slightly more than 2,000,000 km2 and a sea territory of slightly more than 3,150,000 km2. Indonesia’s five main islands are Sumatra (473,606 km2); Java and Madura (132,187 km2), the most fertile and densely populated islands; Kalimantan or two-thirds of the island of Borneo (539,460 km2); Sulawesi (189,216 km2); and Irian Jaya (421,981 km2), the least densely populated island, which forms part of the world’s second largest island of New Guinea. Of about 200 million ha of land territory, about 50 million ha area is devoted to various agricultural activities. There is nearly 20 million ha of arable land, of which about 40% is wetland (rice fields), 40% is dryland, and 15% is shifting cultivation. In the early 1970s, agriculture contributed about 33% to the gross domestic product. Its share decreased to 23% by the early 1980s and to 16.3% in 1996. However, agriculture is the most important sector in the national economy due to its capacity to employ 41% of the labor force (MoE, 1999). Agriculture is vulnerable to drought. Ditjenbun (1995) reported that in 1994 many seedlings and young plants died due to a long dry season: about 22% of tea plants at age of 0–2 years, 4–9% of rubber plants at age of 0–1 year, 4% of cacao plants at age of 0–2 years, 1.5–11% of cashew nut plants at age of 0–2 years, 4% of coffee plants at age of 0–2 years, and 5–30% of coconut plants at age of 0–2 years. The impact of a long dry season on yields of plantation crops becomes known only a few months later. For example, oil palm production is known 6–12 months after a long dry season (Hasan et al., 1998). Rice is the main food crop severely affected by drought.