Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cocoyam yield

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Cocoyam yield'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Cocoyam yield"

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Ayuk-Takem, J. A., and H. R. Chhedda. "Grain Yield Potential of Some Diverse Maize (Zea mays L.) Morphotypes Intercropped with Cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)." Experimental Agriculture 21, no. 2 (1985): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700012424.

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SUMMARYThree maize cultivars, BACOA, SAW and COCA, were evaluated when intercropped with cocoyams at a density of 50 000 maize plants and 10 000 cocoyam stands ha−1. BACOA which matures in 120 days, and SAW (130 days) transmitted significantly more light to the lower canopy than COCA, which has spreading leaves and matures in 150 days. Relative yields for BACOA, SAW and COCA in pure stands were 72, 100 and 85%, respectively, while those for cocoyams in BACOA/cocoyam, SAW/cocoyam and COCA/cocoyam mixtures were 82, 58 and 54%, respectively, showing that COCA significantly suppressed the yield of
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Udounang, Patrick, and Florence Umoh. "Performance Evaluation of Cocoyam-based Intercropping Systems to Different Rates of Fertilizers in Obio Akpa, South Eastern Nigeria." AKSU Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 8, no. 2 (2024): 52–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.61090/aksuja.2024.013.

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A field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research farm, Akwa Ibom State University Obio Akpa Campus during the 2021 and 2022 cropping seasons to assess the performance of cocoyam-based intercropping systems to different rates of organic and inorganic fertilizers. The experiment was a split-plot factorial laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The treatments were six (6) rates of fertilizers (0kg/ha, NPK 200kg/ha, NPK 400kg/ha, Poultry Manure (PM) 2.5t/ha, PM 5.0t/ha, Mixture – NPK 200kg/ha + PM 2.5t/ha) and six (6) crop mixtures (Sole Cocoyam, Sole
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Iwuagwu, M. O., D. A. Okpara, and C. O. Muoneke. "Time of introducing component crop influences productivity of intercropping system." Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science 55, no. 2 (2020): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjas.v55i2.2.

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Field experiment was conducted at National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Mbato Sub-station, Okigwe, Imo State, South-eastern Nigeria in the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons to establish the most appropriate time to introduce component crops in cocoyam/cowpea mixture. Five different planting schemes (two and four weeks before, two and four weeks after and same day) and two cowpea genotypes (climbing Akidienu and erect IT97K-499-35) were used. The component crops were grown in monocultures to assess the productivity of the systems. The experimental design used was a completely randomi
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D., V. Adegunloye, and O. Udenze D. "Effect of Fermentation on Production of Bioethanol from Peels of Cocoyam Using Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Journal of Advances in Microbiology 4, no. 2 (2017): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.9734/JAMB/2017/34032.

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Bioethanol is an alternative to fossil fuel and it’s produced by fermentation of sugar components of plant materials. The effect of fermentation on production of bioethanol from peels of cocoyam using sequential mono-cultures and co-cultures of <em>Aspergillus niger</em> and <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>. Standard methods were used to carry out isolation, identification and analysis of the samples. Sixty grams of cocoyam peels was dried and ground; and was subjected to heat pretreatment. Direct fermentation of cocoyam peels to ethanol by sequential monocultures and co-cultures of <em>Asper
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ADEKIYA, A. O., S. O. OJENIYI, and T. M. AGBEDE. "SOIL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND COCOYAM YIELD UNDER DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS IN A TROPICAL ALFISOL." Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 3 (2011): 477–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001447971100041x.

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SUMMARYExperimental data on tillage requirement of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) are needed to identify the most suitable tillage methods for managing the fragile Alfisols of the humid tropics to ensure sustained productivity. Hence, five tillage methods were compared as to their effects on soil physical and chemical properties, and growth and yield of cocoyam on an Alfisol at Owo in the forest-savanna transition zone of southwest Nigeria. The experiment consisted of five tillage methods: manual clearing (MC), manual ridging (MR), manual mounding (MM), ploughing + harrowing (P + H) and pl
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Onoh Ikechukwu Maxwell, Anho Lawrence Oghenerivwe, and Egwuagu Onyekachi. "Study of the effect of process parameters on the yield of fermentable sugar from red cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) peels via acid and enzyme hydrolysis." International Journal of Frontiers in Engineering and Technology Research 1, no. 1 (2021): 061–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.53294/ijfetr.2021.1.1.0047.

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The aim of this work is to study the acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of cocoyam peels using HCl, H2S04 acids and cellulase enzyme. The cellulase was secreted from Aspergillus Niger (A. niger) fungi. The proximate analysis of the substrate showed that cocoyam peel is a lignocellulosic biomass with a cellulose composition of 48%. The effect of the process parameters (time, temperature, acid concentration and pH) on the yield of glucose in acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of the cocoyam peel was respectively investigated. Maximum glucose yield of 44.5% was obtained after 3 days of enzymatic hydrolysis
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Godwin, O. CHUKWU, and Ugo MADU Tessy. "Soil Evangelization: Learning From School Cocoyam Project in Southeast Nigeria." Agriculture and Forestry Journal 4, no. 1 (2020): 32–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3837654.

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Soil evangelization, an awareness campaign to attract youths to study soil science and address soil fertility challenges to sustainable crop production was extended to two primary and two secondary schools, respectively, in Southeast Nigeria, participating in school cocoyam project (SCP), under the aegis of cocoyam re-birth initiative of the National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike. The aim was to develop the capacity of the youths for soil fertility recapitalization and very rapid multiplication of cocoyam. The approach involved participatory result demonstration of Gocken Rapid Multip
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Ndidiamaka, Nwachukwu, Gladys, Idah, Peter A, Chukwu, Ogbonnaya, Isah, Kassem U., and Madu, Uchenna Onwuhaka. "Impact of Gamma Irradiation and Storage Time on the Sprouting of Cocoyam Corms." Asian Journal of Research in Crop Science 9, no. 4 (2024): 358–64. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcs/2024/v9i4325.

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Cocoyams are cultivated in Nigeria for their edible corms. Post harvest losses in cocoyam are attributed to its short sprouting time during storage. Planting of sprouted corms reduces the total yield leading to financial loss by the farmers. Colocasia esculenta (NCe 001 and NCe 011) and Xanthosoma sagittifolium (NXs 001 and NXs 002) Nigeria cultivars were subjected to gamma irradiation at doses of 20, 40, 80, 120 and 150Gy for one hour and stored. The effect of radiation dose and storage time on the sprouting of these cocoyam varieties was studied. Statistical analysis of the experimental resu
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Shiyam, J. O., J. C. Obiefuna, M. C. Ofoh, B. F. D. Oko, and A. E. Uko. "GROWTH AND CORM YIELD RESPONSE OF UPLAND COCOYAM (Xanthosoma sagittifolium L) TO SAWDUST MULCH AND N P K 20 : 10 : 10 FERTILIZER RATES IN THE HUMID FOREST ZONE OF NIGERIA." Continental J. Agronomy 1 (June 18, 2007): 5–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.810442.

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Cocoyam(<em>Xanthosoma sagittifolium </em>(L) is the third ranking carbohydrate in Nigeria and is intensively cultivated and consumed by resource-poor farm families in Southeastern and Southwestern parts of the Country. The crop has high potential as a food security crop but yields are very low and adequate research attention is yet to be accorded the crop for increased productivity. This trial was aimed at developing a sustainable technology for increased productivity of the crop. A field trial was conducted in 2000/2001 and 2001/2002 cropping seasons at the Crop Research Farm of the Universi
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Agbede, Taiwo Michael, Aruna Olasekan Adekiya, Adeniyi Shadrack Odoja, Lucia Nike Bayode, Paul O. Omotehinse, and Imole Adepehin. "Effects of biochar and poultry manure on soil properties, growth, quality, and yield of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium Schott) in degraded tropical sandy soil." Experimental Agriculture 56, no. 4 (2020): 528–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479720000137.

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AbstractUse of biochar (B) and poultry manure (PM) as soil amendments can improve the productivity and sustainability of tropical agriculture. Our fieldwork is the first research on the agronomic use of B and PM for the growth of cocoyam in sandy soil of the humid tropics. In this study, the effects of B, PM and their mixture were investigated on soil properties, mineral and nutrient concentrations, growth, and corm and cormel yields of cocoyam during the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. The experiment consisted of 4 × 2 factorial combinations of B (0, 10, 20, and 30 Mg ha−1) and PM (0 and 7.5
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cocoyam yield"

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Gateau, Lauranne Aude Marina. "Cocoa yield, nutrients and shade trees in traditional cocoa agroforests in a climate change context : a case study in Bahia, Brazil." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/286339.

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Brazil is the world's sixth largest cocoa producer with 270,000 tonnes of cocoa produced per year. In a world with an increasing demand for chocolate, but with agriculture threatened by climate change, the chocolate industry is worried about a possible shortage of cocoa. Furthermore, growing cocoa is a main cause of deforestation. However, in the state of Bahia, Northeast Brazil, cocoa is grown in traditional agroforests called 'cabrucas' which maintain a forest cover. Cocoa, an understorey crop, is planted under the shade of native Atlantic Forest trees and exotic fruit trees introduced by th
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Toledo-Hernández, Manuel [Verfasser]. "Cocoa pollination as a potential yield driver under changing management and climate / Manuel Toledo-Hernández." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1217062815/34.

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Daymond, Andrew James. "An investigation into physiological parameters underlying yield variation between different varieties of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325213.

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Toledo-Hernández, Manuel. "Cocoa pollination as a potential yield driver under changing management and climate." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-1464-4.

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Abdulai, Issaka. "Productivity, water use and climate resilience of alternative cocoa cultivation systems." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E3F3-9.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cocoyam yield"

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Asitoakor, Bismark Kwesi, Anders Ræbild, Philippe Vaast, et al. "Shade Tree Species Matter: Sustainable Cocoa-Agroforestry Management." In Agroforestry as Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45635-0_3.

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AbstractShade trees are important components of cocoa-agroforestry systems because they influence yields, soil fertility and the occurrence of pests and diseases and may support adaptation to climate change. Based on a review of the existing literature and on primary data from field experiments, this chapter reports on the species-specific effects of shade trees in relation to the management of insect pests, black pod diseases and their impacts on cocoa yield. Shade tree species in cocoa systems impact soil available phosphorus differently and shade tree species such as Spanish cedar (Cedrela
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Boadi, Sylvester Afram, Aske Skovmand Bosselmann, Kwadwo Owusu, Richard Asare, and Mette Fog Olwig. "Household Economics of Cocoa Agroforestry: Costs and Benefits." In Agroforestry as Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45635-0_5.

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AbstractCurrent research suggests that cocoa agroforestry systems could offer stable yields, additional benefits and income from shade trees, despite potential added costs, such as from the purchase of insecticides. There is a paucity of profitability studies of different cocoa agroforestry systems. Only few of them go beyond a narrow focus on cocoa yields to model the entire agroforestry system and thus do not advance our understanding of the socio-economic value of other ecosystem goods. Based on survey data covering a thousand cocoa plots and group interviews with cocoa farmers, we explore
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Bosselmann, Aske Skovmand, Sylvester Afram Boadi, Mette Fog Olwig, and Richard Asare. "Social Challenges and Opportunities in Agroforestry: Cocoa Farmers’ Perspectives." In Agroforestry as Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45635-0_4.

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AbstractAgroforestry practices in cocoa cultivation have historical roots going back to the Mayan sacred groves in Mesoamerica. Today, agroforestry cocoa, i.e., the integration of shade trees, plants and crops in cocoa systems, is promoted as a climate smart practice by public and private institutions. Shaded cocoa can sustain or even increase cocoa yields and the agroforestry systems may provide additional output for household consumption and sale as well as improve the microclimate and soil conditions on the farm. Despite these promising features, cocoa agroforestry systems are far from the
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Olwig, Mette Fog, Richard Asare, Philippe Vaast, and Aske Skovmand Bosselmann. "Can Agroforestry Provide a Future for Cocoa? Implications for Policy and Practice." In Agroforestry as Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45635-0_6.

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AbstractClimate change is threatening cocoa production in Ghana, the world’s second largest cocoa exporter. Yet, as we have shown in this book, the impacts of climate change must be understood in the context of the multiple socioeconomic and biophysical pressures facing cocoa farmers, including the conversion of farms for other land uses, increasing hired labor costs as well as pests and diseases. This final chapter summarizes the book’s overall findings on cocoa agroforestry as climate change adaption and points to ways forward in terms of policy, practice and research. Our findings suggest t
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Olwig, Mette Fog, Richard Asare, Henrik Meilby, Philippe Vaast, and Kwadwo Owusu. "Introduction: Climate, Cocoa and Trees." In Agroforestry as Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45635-0_1.

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AbstractClimate change is predicted to significantly reduce areas suitable for the cultivation of cocoa, an important cash crop providing a livelihood to over six million smallholders in the humid tropics. Cocoa agroforestry shows potential to increase climate resilience while providing more stable incomes, enhancing biodiversity, supporting healthy ecosystems and reducing the pace at which farms expand into forested areas. Based on the multidisciplinary ‘Climate Smart Cocoa Systems for Ghana’ research project, this book investigates the case of the biophysical and socioeconomic sustainability
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Mensah, Eric Opoku, Philippe Vaast, Richard Asare, et al. "Cocoa Under Heat and Drought Stress." In Agroforestry as Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45635-0_2.

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AbstractCocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important cash crop in many tropical countries, particularly in West Africa. Heat and drought are both known to affect the physiology of cocoa plants through reduced rates of photosynthesis and transpiration, as well as changed physiological processes such as the functions of photosystems, chlorophyll synthesis, stomatal conductance and expression of heat-shock proteins. This in turn leads to decreased yields and increased risks of mortality under severe heat and drought. To help cocoa plants adapt to climate change, the literature suggests agroforestry
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Thomas-Vallejo, María Alexandra, Laura Rosa Conde-Rivera, and Andrés Felipe Suárez-Escobar. "Influence of Cocoa Bean Husk and Coffee Husk Composition on Bio-oil Yield and Life Cycle Assessment in Fast Pyrolysis." In Contributions of Chemical Engineering to Sustainability. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55594-7_8.

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Mark Onuigbo, Dennis, NwaJesus Anthony Onyekuru, Anthonia Ifeyinwa Achike, Chinasa Onyenekwe, and Eric Eboh. "Nature and Extent of Air Pollution and Climate Change Related Stresses on Cocoyam Production in Nigeria." In Global Warming - A Concerning Component of Climate Change [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1002244.

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There has been a dramatic decline in cocoyam production in Nigeria in recent years due to climate related stressors. We investigated the nature and extent of these impacts and the resilience building strategies used by cocoyam farmers in Nigeria. Data were collected from the farmers in 2010 and 2017 and from FAO statistical database. Results show a yield decline from 8mt/ha in 2005 to 4mt/ha in 2016, due to acid rain, causing bleaching of cocoyam leaves, die back, smaller tubers, early decay of the tubers and decline in the quality and taste of the tubers. Kinds of climate change impact includ
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Meilin, Araz, Nurmili Yuliani, Nurhayati, et al. "The Integrated Pest Management Implementation of the Cocoa Pod Borer in Indonesia." In Shifting Frontiers of Theobroma cacao - Opportunities and Challenges for Production [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.112380.

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Indonesia is among the largest cocoa producers in the world and it makes an important contribution to the nation’s economy. In Indonesia, the cocoa pod borer (CPB) outbreaks have caused a decline in cocoa yield and quality, impacting the livelihoods of cocoa farmers. Application of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is promoted by the Indonesian government, in collaboration with various organizations. IPM is an approach that focuses on using a combination of biological, cultural, and chemical control methods to manage pests and reduce their impact on crops. The adoption of IPM practices in cocoa
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Addae, Sampson, Sarah Acquah, and Samuel Nyarko Essuman. "Impact of Illegal Mining Activities on Cocoa Pollinator Abundance in Ghana." In Shifting Frontiers of Theobroma Cacao - Opportunities and Challenges for Production. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.112204.

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Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is mainly pollinated by Ceratopogonid midges (Forcipomyia spp.). Wild pollinators are important to both cocoa production and natural ecosystems, and are threatened by land-use change, intensive agricultural management, fragmentation from mining activities, and climate change. Despite the massive expansion of cocoa production in Ghana, it may now be of secondary economic importance to gold due to its increased environmental impact and the economic importance exercised by cocoa communities. However, very little attention has been paid to pollination management as a fac
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Conference papers on the topic "Cocoyam yield"

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Dodoo, Daniel, Francis Kotoka, Godfred Appiah, and Samuel Tulashie. "Oil produced from Ghana cocoa bean for potential industrial applications." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/fzpf7288.

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Cocoa bean (Theobroma cacao) oil is a promising intermediate cocoa product with few research demonstrating its potential for the direct production of industrial cocoa products. The liquefied form could be utilised as an intermediate cocoa bean product to manufacture industrial cocoa products with a controllable yield and low cost. This study highlights the extraction and characterisations of oil obtained from the Ghana cocoa bean crop to evaluate its suitability for industrial applications. A solvent extraction method was employed to extract the oil at variable extraction temperatures and time
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Amusan, O. A., and F. O. Amusan. "The impact of soil quality on cocoa yield in Nigeria." In GEO-ENVIRONMENT 2006. WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/geo060441.

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Gamboa, Andrea A., Paula A. Caceres, Henry Lamos, Diego A. Zarate, and David E. Puentes. "Predictive model for cocoa yield in Santander using Supervised Machine Learning." In 2019 XXII Symposium on Image, Signal Processing and Artificial Vision (STSIVA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/stsiva.2019.8730258.

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VICHO, Maria Milagros, Jhoan Francisco TELLEZ, and Elizabeth Laura MOYANO. "FAST PYROLYSIS OF COCOA BEAN SHELL." In Second Southern Science Conference - 2024. Araucária - Associação Científica, 2024. https://doi.org/10.48141/sscon_09_2024.pdf.

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The increasing demand for sustainable waste utilization has led to growing interest in cocoa shells as a valuable biomass resource. This study investigates the pyrolysis of cocoa shells, both untreated and acid-treated, at temperatures of 300, 400, and 500°C to extract valuable compounds with potential commercial applications. Pyrolysis, a thermochemical decomposition process in the absence of oxygen, was carried out using nitrogen as the pyrolysis atmosphere to ensure optimal reaction conditions. The aim was to optimize the production of bio-oils enriched with value-added compounds, such as f
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Sailor, David J., and Jesse N. Rosen. "Modeling Regional Climate Impacts of a Proposed Hydroelectric Project." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0669.

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Abstract This paper is a preliminary analysis of the potential for atmospheric thermal pollution from a man-made reservoir. The specific site for the study is a proposed hydroelectric project on the Sogamoso River in Colombia, S.A. The region is agricultural with the two staple crops being coffee and cocoa. These two crops are sensitive to both high temperatures and more dramatically to high humidity levels. Farmers from the region are concerned that the construction of the reservoir will negatively impact crop yield. We have used a numerical atmospheric model to simulate weather from the regi
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Wijonarko, Arman, Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra, Taufan Alam, and Priyono Suryanto. "Quality Improvement the Off-Farm and On-Farm of Menoreh Coffee toward Sustainable Agriculture in Sidoharjo Village." In 3rd International Conference on Community Engagement and Education for Sustainable Development. AIJR Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.151.9.

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Menoreh mountainous region, especially the Samigaluh district, has been long known as a coffee producer in Yogyakarta Special Region. The coffee trees were planted with other kinds of trees, known locally as “Kebun Campur”. The advantages of “Kebun Campur” in those regions were its capability to provide food resilience and sustainability. Meanwhile, “Kebun Campur” usually has low productivity due to poor maintenance and tight competition with other plants in a small area. We introduced high-yield and aroma coffee clones from National Coffee and Cocoa Research Center (Puslitkoka), supervising t
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Reports on the topic "Cocoyam yield"

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Amanor, Kojo, Joseph Yaro, and Joseph Teye. Long-Term Change, Commercialisation of Cocoa Farming, and Agroecosystems and Forest Rehabilitation in Ghana. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.002.

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Cocoa production has a long history in Ghana, originating in the late nineteenth century. Since then, cocoa production has seen significant changes. Originally, cocoa was cultivated in newly cleared forests in which many forest trees were preserved as shade trees. Cocoa is ideally suited to these conditions and produces high yields with minimum investment in labour and inputs. However, over time, as the forest conditions change, the cost of cultivating cocoa has increased and yields have declined. As long as new forest frontiers exist, farmers have continued to move into these areas, which hav
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Amanor, Kojo, Joseph Yaro, Joseph Teye, and Steve Wiggin. Ghana’s Cocoa Farmers Need to Change Gear: What Policymakers Need to Know, and What They Might Do. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.008.

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Cocoa farmers in Ghana face increasing challenges. In the past, many of them could make a living from cocoa thanks to the advantages – ‘forest rents’ – that initially apply when forest is cleared to create cocoa farms: fertile soils, few pests and diseases. With time, however, weeds invade, pests and diseases build up, and trees age. To maintain production requires more labour, more inputs and more skill. In the past, farmers would often abandon older groves and seek new forest to clear. As they did so, the frontier for cocoa farming moved westwards across Ghana to the remaining high forest. B
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Bellini Motovska, Nina, Agustin Gonzalez Gaviola, Tinka Koster, and Yuca Waarts. High Level analysis of recent and current yield in the West African cocoa sector : Trends, possible causes and recommendations for interventions. Wageningen Economic Research, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/674598.

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