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1
Wada, Eyasu, Tileye Feyissa, and Kassahun Tesfaye. "Proximate, Mineral and Antinutrient Contents of Cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) from Ethiopia." International Journal of Food Science 2019 (November 19, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8965476.
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Cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) is an important food crop especially in the tropics and subtropics. Its cormels and leaves are eaten after cooking in the rural areas in Ethiopia. There is lack of information on the nutritional composition of cocoyam grown in the country. In this study, cormels of green- and purple- cocoyams were analyzed to determine proximate and mineral contents and antinutritional factors. The moisture contents (%) of green- and purple-cocoyams were 61.91 and 63.53, respectively. Crude protein (10.10%) and fiber (2.66%) contents of purple cocoyam were significantly higher than crude protein (8.48%) and fiber (2.14%) contents of green cocoyam. Fat contents (%) of the green- and purple cocoyam were 0.85 and 0.22, respectively. Ash content of green cocoyam (3.25%) was significantly higher than the ash content of purple cocoyam (2.27%). The carbohydrate contents (%) and gross energy values (kcal/100 g) of green- and purple-cocoyam, respectively, were 85.36 and 378.47 and 84.76 and 380.27, showing that cocoyam grown in Ethiopia can be a good source of energy. Mineral contents (mg/100 g) of green cocoyam were determined as Fe (8.20), Zn (3.07), Cu (1.04), Mg (78.77), Mn (2.48), P (120.93), Na (29.22), K (1085.70) and Ca (56.57) while purple cocoyam had Fe (9.88), Zn (3.12), Cu (1.14), Mg (82.00), Mn (3.74), P (129.87), Na (24.33), K (1223.30) and Ca (44.90). High antinutritional factors (phytate and tannin) (mg/100 g) were determined from both green- and purple-cocoyam genotypes with significantly higher quantities in purple cocoyam (187.57 phytate and 156.1 tannin) than the green cocoyam (167.76 phytate and 139.62 tannin). This study provided important information about the nutritional composition of cocoyam from Ethiopia, which can help to develop cocoyam food products and to promote production and utilization of cocoyam by encouraging its sustainable use. More detailed analyses including processing and sensory testing are suggested for further investigation in order to obtain healthful and comfortable cocoyam products.
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Ayuk-Takem, J. A., and H. R. Chhedda. "Grain Yield Potential of Some Diverse Maize (Zea mays L.) Morphotypes Intercropped with Cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)." Experimental Agriculture 21, no. 2 (April 1985): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700012424.
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SUMMARYThree maize cultivars, BACOA, SAW and COCA, were evaluated when intercropped with cocoyams at a density of 50 000 maize plants and 10 000 cocoyam stands ha−1. BACOA which matures in 120 days, and SAW (130 days) transmitted significantly more light to the lower canopy than COCA, which has spreading leaves and matures in 150 days. Relative yields for BACOA, SAW and COCA in pure stands were 72, 100 and 85%, respectively, while those for cocoyams in BACOA/cocoyam, SAW/cocoyam and COCA/cocoyam mixtures were 82, 58 and 54%, respectively, showing that COCA significantly suppressed the yield of cocoyam when intercropped.Yields of a COCA type with erect leaves increased as plant density increased from 20 000 to 50 000 plants ha−1 in pure stands, while yields of COCA with spreading leaves increased as plant density increased from 20 000 to 40 000 plants ha−1 but decreased when plant population increased to 50 000 plants ha−1. When COCA with erect leaves was intercropped with cocoyams, cocoyam tuber yields were fairly stable and maize yields continued to increase significantly as plant density increased from 20 000 to 50 000 plants ha−1, whereas the yields of COCA with spreading leaves and cocoyams were greatly reduced when intercropped and when the plant population increased from 20 000 to 50 000 plants ha−1.
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Onu, P. N., and F. N. Madubuike. "The impact of raw and cooked wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor) on the performance of broiler chicks." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 28, no. 1 (2012): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1201119o.
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This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of raw and cooked wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor) on the performance of broiler chicks. Wild cocoyam corms were divided into two batches. One batch was ground raw and the other batch was cooked before grinding. Wild cocoyam meals so prepared were used to formulate 5 broiler starter diets at dietary inclusion levels of 0, 10 and 20% raw and cooked wild cocoyam respectively. 180 7-day-old Anak broiler chicks were randomly allotted to the five treatment diets in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and each group was further subdivided into three replicates of 12 birds. Measurements recorded included weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and protein efficiency ratios and economics of production. Results shows significant (p<0.05) improvement in feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and PER of birds fed cooked wild cocoyam meals. Marked (p<0.05) reduction was however, obtained in feed intake and feed conversion ratio of birds fed raw wild cocoyam diets. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference between birds fed maize-based (control) and cooked wild cocoyam diets. Results of this experiment indicated that cooking improved the nutritive value of wild cocoyam since birds fed cooked wild cocoyam diets produced best results than those fed raw wild cocoyam meal and that starter broilers could tolerate up to 20% dietary inclusion level of cooked wild cocoyam without any deleterious effect. Economics of production showed that cooked wild cocoyam diets were more profitable as regards the cost of feed per kg weight gain (N) and thus cost savings (%).
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Omotesho, K. F., A. O. Kayode, S. A. Adebayo, A. F. Akinrinde, and A. J. Mohammed. "Potentials for the commercialization of Cocoyam in Oyun Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria." Agro-Science 19, no. 3 (July 22, 2020): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v19i3.2.
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Despite the nutritional and other advantages of cocoyam over some tuber crops, it remains neglected, underutilised, and non-commercialized in many parts of Nigeria. The study assessed the potentials for the commercialisation of cocoyam. Specifically, it assessed farmers’ awareness of the uses of cocoyam, level of cocoyam cultivation, farmers’ attitude towards its commercialisation, and the constraints to its commercialisation. Two-stage random sampling technique produced 154 respondents and an interview schedule was administered to collect data. Descriptive statistics and the multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results revealed that farmers’ mean age, farming experience and farm size were 53.9 years, 22 years, and 4.3 acres respectively. The level of awarenessof the uses of cocoyam was high (73.52%) and had an averagely positive attitude (mean score = 2.38) towards its commercialisation. Cultivation of cocoyam was mostly on a subsistence level among the farmers (97.3%). High susceptibility to pests and diseases (MS = 3.13) and a higher preference for other tuber crops (MS = 3.09) were the major constraints to the commercialisation of cocoyam. Farmers’ age (β = –0.008), level of education (β = –0.046), household size (β = –0.012), and frequency of extension contact (β = 0.018) determined farmers’ attitude towards its commercialisation. The study concluded that the potentials for the commercialization of cocoyam was appreciable in the study area. Findings underscore the need for research on cocoyam pest and diseases control as well as breeding ofimproved varieties of the plant by National Root Crops Research Institutes.
Key words: attitude, commercialization, neglected, under-utilized and cocoyam
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Nkeme, Kesit Kufre, Jemimah Timothy Ekanem, and Victoria Asuquo Nse. "Capacity Building Needs of Small-Holder Cocoyam (Xanthosoma Sagittifoliuu) Farmers in Selected Rural Communities of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Extension 25, no. 2 (May 4, 2021): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v25i2.3.
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The study investigated the capacity building needs of small-holder cocoyam farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria during the 2018 cropping season. Data were randomly collected from 130 respondents selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure using questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics, net returns model and budgeting technique. For agronomic management practice, result showed that the major sources of land acquisition and labour were inheritance (63%) and hired labour (52.6%). The majority (71.6%) of sampled farmers cultivated between 20 and 80 stands of cocoyam per farm. Result further showed that the major marketing channels of cocoyam were; farm gate (40.7%) and rural markets (24.7%. The main sources of information for cocoyam farmers were family and friends (40.9%), radio and television (18%) and extension agents (10.5%). The cost-returns analysis showed a gross margin and net return of N1, 164,500.00, and N494, 700.00, respectively, and the return per capital of N1.74. The most capacitybuilding needs of cocoyam farmers were information on processing technology ( x̄=3.31), farm credit information ( x̄= 3.19), information on pest/ disease control ( x̄=3.17), storage information ( x̄=3.15), record keeping/ evaluation need ( x̄ =2.92) and effective cocoyam marketing ( x̄ =2.88). The major constraints militating against cocoyam production in the study area were; absence of marketing information ( x̄ =2.57), poor record keeping ( x̄ =2.57), labour scarcity ( x̄ =2.42), pest and disease ( x̄=2.34), lack of improved variety of planting material ( x̄ =2.30). Provision of marketing channels information to farmers, enhancing access to extension contact and periodic training of farmers` on improved management practices are avenues to boost cocoyam production.
Keywords: Capacity building needs, small holders cocoyam farmer
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Awolu, Olugbenga Olufemi, and Grace Funmilayo Oseyemi. "Physicochemical and Rheological Properties of Optimised Cocoyam-Based Composite Flour Comprising Cassava Starch." Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series E: Food Technology 20, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aucft-2016-0016.
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Abstract Composite flour comprising cocoyam (Colocassia esculenta), bambara groundnut and cassava starch was produced. The proximate and minerals compositions and functional properties were optimized using optimal mixture design of response surface methodology. The antinutritional, pasting and farinograph analyses of the optimum blends were evaluated. Bambara groundnut improved protein, fibre, ash and minerals contents; cassava starch improved swelling capacity, least gelation and pasting characteristics. The optimum blends CBC1 (70% cocoyam flour, 18.33% bambara groundnut flour, 11.67% cassava starch) and CBC2 (69.17% cocoyam flour, 16.67% bambara groundnut flour, 14.17% cassava starch). were comparable to wheat–based flour samples (60% wheat, 30% cocoyam, 10% bambara groundnut flours) and (72% wheat, 19% cocoyam, 9% bambara groundnut flours) in terms of pasting and farinograph analyses.
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Wada, Eyasu, Tileye Feyissa, Kassahun Tesfaye, Zemede Asfaw, and Daniel Potter. "Genetic diversity of Ethiopian cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) accessions as revealed by morphological traits and SSR markers." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): e0245120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245120.
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Cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) is an exotic species from tropical America that is widely cultivated in Ethiopia for its edible cormels and leaves. There is a dearth of information on the genetic diversity of Ethiopian cocoyam. In order to evaluate and select cocoyam germplasm for breeding and conservation, genetic diversity of 100 Ethiopian cocoyam accessions (65 green- and 35 purple- cocoyam) were analyzed using 29 morphological traits (16 qualitative and 13 quantitative) and 12 SSR loci. Two classes of qualitative traits were observed. ANOVA revealed significant variation in 11 (84.6%) of the 13 studied quantitative traits. The SSR marker analysis showed high genetic diversity. A total of 36 alleles were detected with a range of 2 to 5 (average of 3.273) alleles per locus. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) values across populations were 0.503 and 0.443, respectively. The analysis of molecular variance showed that the variation among populations, among individuals within populations, and within individuals explained 14%, 18%, and 68% of the total variation, respectively. Cluster analysis grouped the accessions irrespective of the collection sites. A dendrogram based on Nei’s standard genetic distance grouped the green cocoyam accessions together while the purple cocoyam accessions occupied a separate position within the dendrogram. Significant variation in quantitative traits and the high level of genetic diversity revealed by the SSR markers suggest that diverse cocoyam accessions, probably with multiple lineage, were introduced multiple times, through multiple routes and probably by multiple agents, an hypothesis that needs futher testing and analyis. The crop, therefore, needs more research efforts commensurate with its economic and social values than it has been accorded thus far. Further study is recommended to clarify the taxonomic status of Ethiopian cocoyam accesions and to trace their evolutionary relationships with Xanthosoma species elsewhere.
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Alozie, Yetunde E., and Chiemela E. Chinma. "Proximate Composition, Physical and Sensory Properties of Cake Prepared from Wheat and Cocoyam Flour Blends." Journal of Food Research 4, no. 5 (September 21, 2015): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v4n5p181.
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The effect of replacing wheat flour with cocoyam (<em>Xanthosoma sagittifolium)</em> flour on the proximate composition, physical, sensory properties of cake were investigated<em>.</em> Baking trials were conducted at different levels of substitution (0, 20, 40, 50, 60, 80 and 100%). Cocoyam flour had higher values (p < 0.05) in all functional characteristics evaluated except for emulsifying capacity. Cake weights and volume increased with increasing cocoyam flour substitution while volume index decreased. Protein and fat contents of cake samples decreased (p< 0.05) with increasing levels of cocoyam flour substitution while ash and fibre contents increased. There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in crust colour of samples. In terms of textural preference, cake prepared from 100% cocoyam flour was significantly higher than 100% wheat cake. Utilization of wheat-cocoyam flour blends in composite cake preparation will be beneficial to the nutrition of vulnerable groups considering the higher ash and fiber contents of of composite cake, and reduced carbohydrate and fat contents than control.
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Okunade, Olukayode Adediran, and Olanrewaju Arinola. "Physicochemical Properties of Native and Heat Moisture Treated Starches of White and Red Cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) Varieties." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no. 6 (July 7, 2021): 1195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i6.1195-1200.2701.
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White and red cocoyam starches were physically modified by heat moisture treatment at 16, 24 and 32 % moisture levels. The functional and pasting properties of the modified and native starches were evaluated using standard methods. The swelling power at 60oC, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, least gelation concentration, packed bulk density and loose bulk density of heat moisture treated white and red cocoyam starches ranged between 1.90 - 2.18 and 1.89 – 2.21; 1.00 – 1.80 ml/g and 0.80 – 1.60 ml/g; 1.40 – 1.80 ml/g and 1.20 – 1.40 ml/g; 8.00 – 10.00% and 8.00 – 10.00%; 0.51 – 0.62 g/ml and 0.54 – 0.64 g/ml; 0.41 – 0.51 g/ml and 0.43 – 0.53 g/ml respectively. For both white and red cocoyam starches, heat moisture treated starches at 16% moisture content level had the highest swelling power in the temperature range 60oC to 90oC; also starches treated at 32% moisture level had the highest water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, packed bulk density and loose bulk density. Red cocoyam native starch had higher peak, trough, breakdown, final and setback viscosity than white cocoyam starch. Heat moisture treatment generally increased the pasting properties of white cocoyam starch. The modification of red cocoyam starch at moisture levels of 16% and 24% reduced the pasting properties, however at higher moisture level, the pasting properties increased. These results suggest that moisture level of cocoyam starches influence their physicochemical properties during heat moisture modification; this will increase the array of food products in which the starches can be used.
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Chukwu, Go. "Land use for cocoyam in Nigeria: implications for cocoyam re-birth." Journal of Hill Agriculture 6, no. 1 (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2230-7338.2015.00008.7.
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Igbabul, Bibiana D., Benbella M. Iorliam, and Etietop N. Umana. "Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Cookies Produced From Composite Flours of Wheat, Cocoyam and African Yam Beans." Journal of Food Research 4, no. 2 (February 12, 2015): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v4n2p150.
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<p>Cookies were produced from wheat, African yam bean and fermented cocoyam flour blends and their physicochemical and sensory properties were determined. Five flour formulations designated as samples A, B, C, D, E were produced. Sample A consisted of 100% wheat flour and served as the control. Samples B and C comprised of 80% wheat, 10% cocoyam, 10% African yam bean flours and 60% wheat, 20% cocoyam and 20% African yam bean flours. The composition of D and E were 40% wheat, 30% cocoyam, 30% African yam bean flours and 20% wheat, 40% cocoyam, and 40% African yam bean flours respectively. The result of the proximate composition showed that there was significant increase (P<0.05) in the protein, fat, fibre, ash content and energy values. The values range from 10.44-14.73%, 3.01-6.73%, 1.63-2.43%, 2.44-3.64% and 356.21-375.25% respectively. The carbohydrate content ranged from 63.94-71.84% while the values for moisture content vary from 8.54-10.68%. These values decreased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in cocoyam and African yam bean flours. The physical properties revealed the weight, diameter, thickness, and spread ratio ranges as; 18.01-20.15g, 6.48-6.82cm, 0.45-0.55cm, and 11.78-15.16, respectively. The sensory scores showed that the cookies produced from 100% wheat flour compared favourably with the cookies from the composite flours of wheat, African yam bean and fermented cocoyam and therefore cookies could be successfully prepared from the composite flours of wheat, African yam bean and fermented cocoyam flour. This would enhance the utilization of these underutilized crops and help in alleviating protein energy malnutrition problems in developing countries.</p>
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Adedeji, O. Y., S. O. Odukoya, O. M. Odetola, O. A. Awodele, and A. A. Saka. "Growth performance and blood profile of West African dwarf goats fed urea treatedwild cocoyam (Colocasia esculentum) mea." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45, no. 1 (December 27, 2020): 360–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v45i1.319.
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Wild cocoyam is a non edible plant found growing around riversides and can serve as source of energy to ruminants. Hence, a twelve weeks study was conducted to investigate the effect of wild cocoyam – urea meal on the growth performance and blood profile of West African dwarf (WAD) goats. Twelve WAD goats with an average weight of 7.25 ± 0.04kg were randomly allotted into four dietary treatments: T1 (raw wild cocoyam), T2 (urea treated wild cocoyam), T3 (urea treated cooked wild cocoyam) and T4 (urea treated fermented wild cocoyam), replicated thrice in a completely randomized design. Results obtained showed that the experimental diets significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the growth performance. Goats fed urea treated cooked wild cocoyam had the best feed conversion ratio (10.35), the highest values of dry matter intake (405.35 g/day) and daily weight gain (39.17 g/day) when compared to other dietary treatments. The dietary treatments did not significantly (p < 0.05) influence the haematological parameters except the red blood cells (9.62 - 11.67×106 mm3),white blood cells (4.07-9.05×106 mm3) and monocytes (1.00-2.50%). No significant (p>0.05) differences among the dietary treatments were observed in all the serum biochemical indices evaluated except for urea which ranged from 15.50 – 28.70mg/dl. It can therefore be concluded that addition of urea with processing, further improved the utilization of the experimental diets thus improving performance of the animals.
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Oke, M. O., and I. F. Bolarinwa. "Effect of Fermentation on Physicochemical Properties and Oxalate Content of Cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) Flour." ISRN Agronomy 2012 (November 14, 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/978709.
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The effect of fermentation on physicochemical properties and oxalate content of cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) flour was evaluated. The cocoyam, white flesh was cleaned, washed, peeled, sliced into chips of 2–2.5 cm thickness, soaked in tap water and left to ferment for 24 h and 48 h. The fermented cocoyam was then drained, dried in cabinet dryer at 60∘C for 24 h and milled. The flour samples were passed through a 45 μm mesh size sieve. Unfermented cocoyam flour was also produced and served as a control. Calcium oxalate and some physicochemical properties of flours from the fermented cocoyam were compared with the unfermented flour. Results showed that fermentation effected a significant reduction in oxalate level (58 to 65%) depending on the fermentation period. The amylose content was higher in 48 h fermented flour (55.52%) than in 24 h (54.55%). Pasting (gelatinization) temperature decreased, and water absorption capacity increased markedly due to fermentation.
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Ebenebe, C. I., C. A. Mmadubugwu, and O. C. Ogbu. "Effect of aqueous extract of cocoyam leaf (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) on growth performance of broiler chickens fed full-fat Soya bean." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i1.2491.
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This study evaluated the effect of aqueous extracts from cocoyam leaf on the growth performance of broiler chickens fed full-fat Soya bean. The study was carried out with seventy-two (72) day old broiler chickens in a completely randomized design. The seventytwo (72) broiler chicks were randomly assigned into four groups (T1, T2, T3 and T4), each treatment had (3) birds per replicate. The T1 which was the control, contained 0g of aqueous extract of cocoyam leaves while the birds in T2, T3 and T4 were offered aqueous extract of cocoyam leaves at 100g, 150g and 200g per 6 liters of water, respectively. The test ingredients were analyzed for nutritional and phytochemical composition. Data was collected from the broiler chickens' daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, body weight gain and daily weight gain. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) on the feed intake, daily weight gain, feed efficiency, feed conversion ratio, initial and final body weights of the broiler birds. However, total water and mean daily water intake differed significantly (P>0.05). The extract administered groups (T2, T3 and T4) had lower water intake as the quality of cocoyam leaves increased. The significant variations in the water intake as the quantity of cocoyam increased may be attributed to anti-nutrient factors (tannins) found in the leaves. The cocoyam leaves are rich in nutrients when assessed by the proximate and mineral composition. It can serve as a feedstuff for livestock. Cocoyam leaves extracts should be used with caution due to the anti-nutritional factors present in it. It is therefore safe to recommend 100-150g of cocoyam leaves/ 6litres of water for broiler chickens without any negative impact on growth rate of the broiler chickens.
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Iwuagwu, M. O., D. A. Okpara, and C. O. Muoneke. "Time of introducing component crop influences productivity of intercropping system." Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science 55, no. 2 (December 24, 2020): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjas.v55i2.2.
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Field experiment was conducted at National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Mbato Sub-station, Okigwe, Imo State, South-eastern Nigeria in the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons to establish the most appropriate time to introduce component crops in cocoyam/cowpea mixture. Five different planting schemes (two and four weeks before, two and four weeks after and same day) and two cowpea genotypes (climbing Akidienu and erect IT97K-499-35) were used. The component crops were grown in monocultures to assess the productivity of the systems. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with three replicates. Growth and yield of cocoyam and the cowpea genotypes increased significantly (P<0.05) when either of the component crops was planted earlier than the other. Intercropping reduced significantly (P<0.05) cocoyam yield by 0.7 − 74% in IT97K-499-35 and 22 − 80% in Akidienu. Sowing the cowpea genotypes the same day or before cocoyam resulted in over-yielding of cowpea, whereas sowing Akidienu and IT97K-499-35 after cocoyam caused pod yield reductions of 64% − 73% and 32% − 59% on average, respectively. Cocoyam planted two weeks before IT97K-499-35 produced more satisfactory yields of the intercrops than the other planting schedules with LER, LEC and ATER of 2.15, 1.03 and 1.57, respectively.
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Diarra, S. S. "Prospects for the utilisation of cocoyam corm meal in poultry feeding." Animal Production Science 60, no. 5 (2020): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19388.
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Context The increasing demand for maize for human food and industrial uses has stimulated research interest into alternative low value crops as energy sources for poultry. Several high yielding species of aroids, commonly known as taro or cocoyam, are currently in less demand for food or industrial uses and readily available for poultry feeding. Aims To review the production, nutritional profile and antinutritional factor and current uses of cocoyam corm and the effect of processing on its utilisation in poultry feeding. Key findings The nutritional profile of cocoyam with protein content comparable or higher than maize, high starch content and starch digestibility make it a suitable energy ingredient for poultry. The major issues affecting the utilisation of cocoyam include the high moisture and low dry matter contents and the presence of antinutritional factors, mainly calcium oxalate. These constraints may preclude the utilisation of cocoyam corm in commercial diets but it could be used to reduce the cost of production on small-holder farms. Conclusion With adequate processing and proper diet formulation, cocoyam corm meal may be fed up to 280 g/kg diet but unprocessed meal may exert adverse effects on poultry performance even as low as 44 g/kg. Several animal factors including age, species and type of bird (meat or egg) affect the utilisation of cocoyam corm meal by poultry. Implications Reduction of cost of animal protein production and value addition to underutilised aroids. More research is needed into animal factors and feed processing that would allow optimum utilisation of the corm by poultry.
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ADEKIYA, A. O., S. O. OJENIYI, and T. M. AGBEDE. "SOIL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND COCOYAM YIELD UNDER DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS IN A TROPICAL ALFISOL." Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 3 (May 4, 2011): 477–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001447971100041x.
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SUMMARYExperimental data on tillage requirement of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) are needed to identify the most suitable tillage methods for managing the fragile Alfisols of the humid tropics to ensure sustained productivity. Hence, five tillage methods were compared as to their effects on soil physical and chemical properties, and growth and yield of cocoyam on an Alfisol at Owo in the forest-savanna transition zone of southwest Nigeria. The experiment consisted of five tillage methods: manual clearing (MC), manual ridging (MR), manual mounding (MM), ploughing + harrowing (P + H) and ploughing + harrowing twice (P + 2 H) were used for three years at two sites in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In the first two years (2007 and 2008), P + H produced the least soil bulk density and highest growth and yield, whereas in the third year (2009), MC produced the lowest soil bulk density and best performance of cocoyam. Manual clearing produced the best values of soil chemical properties in 2008 and 2009. Averaged over the three years, P + H, MR and MM had lower soil bulk density hence better growth and yield compared with P + 2 H and MC. Over the three years MC, MM, MR and P + H increased cocoyam cormel yield by 10, 21, 23 and 32%, respectively, over P + 2 H.The corresponding increases in corm yield were 7, 15, 13 and 21%, respectively. The multiple regressions revealed that bulk density and moisture content significantly influenced the yield of cocoyam. Soil chemical properties were not significant. Bulk density rather than soil chemical properties dictated the performance of cocoyam in an Alfisol of southwest Nigeria. Soil quality was degraded by P + 2H. For small farms, either MR or MM is recommended while P + H is recommended for large-scale farming of cocoyam.
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Arinola, Stephen Olanrewaju. "Physicochemical properties of pregelatinized and microwave radiated white and red cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) starches." Croatian journal of food science and technology 11, no. 2 (November 29, 2019): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17508/cjfst.2019.11.2.15.
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The need to explore potentials of pregelatinization and microwave radiation as non laborious and inexpensive processes of starch modification and to promote utilization of cocoyam starch were the reasons behind this study. Starches extracted from white and red varieties of cocoyam were modified using two physical methods: pregelatinization and microwave radiation. Functional and pasting properties of native and modified starches were evaluated using standard methods. Swelling power of the starches (1.70 – 4.10) reduced significantly (p<0.05) with pregelatinization but increased significantly (p<0.05) with microwave radiation. Water absorption capacity (1.00 – 3.20 ml/g), packed bulk density (0.56 – 0.83 g/ml) and loose bulk density (0.46 – 0.64 g/ml) of the starches increased significantly (p<0.05) while least gelation concentration (4.00 - 8.00%) reduced significantly (p<0.05) as a result of modifications. Peak, trough, breakdown, final and setback viscosity of white and red cocoyam native starches were 3687 cP and 4144 cP; 2213 cP and 2519 cP; 1474 cP and 1625 cP; 3595 cP and 4142 cP; 1382 cP and 1623cP respectively. Pregelatinization significantly increased (p<0.05) these pasting viscosity values in white cocoyam starch but reduced them significantly (p<0.05) in red cocoyam starch. Microwave radiation caused a significant increase (p<0.05) in the pasting viscosity values of both white and red cocoyam starches except breakdown viscosity which reduced
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Agbede, Taiwo Michael, Aruna Olasekan Adekiya, Adeniyi Shadrack Odoja, Lucia Nike Bayode, Paul O. Omotehinse, and Imole Adepehin. "Effects of biochar and poultry manure on soil properties, growth, quality, and yield of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium Schott) in degraded tropical sandy soil." Experimental Agriculture 56, no. 4 (July 8, 2020): 528–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479720000137.
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AbstractUse of biochar (B) and poultry manure (PM) as soil amendments can improve the productivity and sustainability of tropical agriculture. Our fieldwork is the first research on the agronomic use of B and PM for the growth of cocoyam in sandy soil of the humid tropics. In this study, the effects of B, PM and their mixture were investigated on soil properties, mineral and nutrient concentrations, growth, and corm and cormel yields of cocoyam during the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. The experiment consisted of 4 × 2 factorial combinations of B (0, 10, 20, and 30 Mg ha−1) and PM (0 and 7.5 Mg ha−1). In both years, the application of B and PM either alone or in combination improved soil physical and chemical properties, plant nutritional status, growth, and corm and cormel yields of cocoyam. The combination of 30 Mg ha−1 B and 7.5 Mg ha−1 PM (B30 + PM7.5) gave the highest corm and cormel yields of cocoyam. Pooled over the 2 years, application of B at 30 Mg ha−1 and PM at 7.5 Mg ha−1 (B30 + PM7.5) significantly increased corm yield of cocoyam by 47 and 66%, respectively, when compared with sole PM at 7.5 Mg ha−1 and B at 30 Mg ha−1. Lowest corm and cormel yields were obtained for the unmanure control. The combination of 30 Mg ha−1 B and 7.5 Mg ha−1 PM is recommended for soil fertility management and cocoyam production in the rainforest agroecology of SW Nigeria.
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M. U., Onyekwere, Jiwuba P. C., Okechukwu S. O., and Anuonye A. C. "Growth and serum mineral profile of broiler starter fed dried cocoyam tuber (colocasia esculenta) meal." International Journal of Biological Research 4, no. 2 (October 22, 2016): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijbr.v4i2.6695.
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A 30-day experiment was conducted with 240 unsexed broiler starters to determine the effect of cocoyam tuber meal on growth and serum mineral profile. Four diets were formulated at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of cocoyam tuber meal. The birds were assigned the four treatment diets in a completely randomized design and replicated 3 times with 20 birds per replicate. Feed and water were supplied ad-libitum. Data were collected on average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and blood was sampled from each treatment group, data obtained were analysed statistically. The performance of the broiler starter birds showed significant (p<0.05) difference among the treatment groups. Average daily weight gain was improved (p<0.05) by cocoyam inclusion at 30% inclusion level. FCR of the birds in treatment groups were significantly (p<0.05) better than the control. The parameters of serum mineral profile maintained a significant (P<0.05) difference among the treatments and showed a good evidence of body structural components of the birds. These results showed that inclusion of cocoyam tuber meal had a beneficial effect on performance and structural components of broiler starters. Cocoyam tuber meal inclusion level at 30% was recommended for optimum broiler starter birds.
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Tajudeen, Ogunkunle, Oshagbemi H. O., Gidado R. S. M., and Adenika O. F. Aruleba R. D. "Comparative Assessment of Yield Performance of Neglected Cocoyam (Colocasia esculeta (L.) Schott) Parts as Planting Materials in the South Western Nigeria." Academic Journal of Life Sciences, no. 55 (May 20, 2019): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ajls.55.32.37.
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Hitherto, there is scarcity of information on the usefulness of neglected small corms and cormels of cocoyam in the South West Nigeria. A 9 (nine) months trial was conducted to compare the growth and yield performance of different types of cocoyam planting materials with treatment consisting of T1; sprouted small cocoyam cormels, T2, trimmed out lower parts of harvested cocoyam corm and T3; moderate sized corm of 50-100g (control) arranged in a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Data on the number of leaves and plant height was taking at 4 week interval for 24 weeks while data on number and weight of harvested cormels was taking at 9 months after planting (MAP). The data collected were subjected to a univariate General Linear Model (GLM) two ways Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using IBM SPSS software statistical package 21. Significance mean differences were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 0.05 level of significance. The result showed that the highest mean number of leaves and plant height was obtained from treatment T1 (10.22) and T2 (92.83) respectively at 24 weeks after planting (WAP). While both treatment T1 and T3 collectively had the highest number of consumable cormels (54.0) in which treatment T3 weighed the highest (3.202 kg). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in both the number of leaves produced and plant height among the different cocoyam planting materials utilised at 24 (WAP). Similarly, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the number and weight of cormels produced by the different treatments at 9 months after planting (MAP). The study therefore concluded that both sprouted small cocoyam cormels, trimmed out corms during planting compared favourably with moderate sized corm of weight 50-100g commonly used as planting material in term of yield potential and therefore recommended to be schedule for demonstration to cocoyam farmers in the study area for adoption.
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Anyaegbu, B. C., A. C. Ogbonna, O. O. Adedokun, and D. N. Onunkwo. "Dietary evaluation of fermented cocoyam tuber meal (Xanthosoma sagitifolium) as energy source in place of maize in broiler chicken production." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45, no. 2 (December 25, 2020): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v45i2.523.
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Considering the inherent attributes of cocoyam tuber meal (Xanthosoma sagitifolium) and its appropriate utilization in chicken diets may enhance performance of broiler chicken. This study was therefore carried out to determine the dietary evaluation of fermented cocoyam tuber meal as energy source in the diets of finisher broiler production. The objectives of the study were to determine the proximate composition of raw and fermented coco yam tuber meal and their anti-nutrient content (Tannin), cyanide, saponin, phytate and oxalate); to determine the effects of replacement value of maize with different levels of fermented coco yam tuber meal on the growth performance of broilers; to determine the economics of production of broilers using such diets. The fermented cocoyam was used to replace maize at various levels to determine the best level that would give optimal performance in broilers diets. One hundred and fifty (150) agrited finisher Anak broilers at 4 week were used for this experiment. The proximate composition of fermented cocoyam meal showed that it contained 19.15% moisture, 1.30% ash, 3.56% crude protein, 5.30% crude fiber, 1.90% ether extract and 25.48% NFE. In the finisher trial, the replacements were 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of FCYM for maize in the control diet. Each finisher diet was fed to a group of 30 finisher broilers at 4 weeks using Completely Ramdomized Design (CRD). The parameters measured include: initial body weight, final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, cost of production and carcass characteristics. In the finisher feeding trial, the broiler group on 25% FCYM recorded the highest body weight gain which was significantly different (P<0.05) from those on the control diet and the rest of the treatment groupsThe internal organs expressed as percent of the live weight were not affected by the treatments. The cost of production (N135.28) was lowest for diets 5 (100% FCYM) while the highest was the control treatment. The result of the trial have shown that 4 day fermentation of cocoyam tubers for processing broiler diets was quite an effective method of processing cocoyam tubers for use in broiler diets because fermentation reduced the anti-nutrient contents in cocoyam tubers. It was concluded that fermented cocoyam tuber meal could be used in the diet of finisher broilers up to 100% without affecting body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio as indicated in this study.
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Lauzon, R. D., K. Shiraishi, M. Yamazaki, S. Sawayama, N. Sugiyama, and A. Kawabata. "Physicochemical properties of cocoyam starch." Food Hydrocolloids 9, no. 2 (June 1995): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0268-005x(09)80268-3.
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Onunkwo, D. N., B. C. Anyaegbu, O. O. Adedokun, and E. G. Bassey. "Dietary substitution of maize with processed cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) as energy source for finisher broilers production." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 3 (January 2, 2021): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i3.750.
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Energy feed source like maize is expensive contributing about 50-55% of the cost of poultry and pig diets. Thus, the study was carried out to determine the dietary substitution of maize with soaked cocoyam Xanthosoma sagittifolum as energy source for finisher broiler production. The soaked cocoyam tuber meal was used to replace yellow maize in the diets of finisher broilers. Xanthosoma cocoyam corms were harvested, cleaned of soil and chopped into bits of about 0.2 cm. The chopped tannia was soaked in water in a large vat for 24 hours to reduce the ant nutrients and later on separated from the water and dried with microwave oven. The dried cocoyam was milled and then used. The proximate chemical composition showed that soaked cocoyam tuber meal contained 8.05% moisture, 91.95% dry matter, 10.08% ash, 2.01% crude protein, 1.60% ether extract, 3.80% crude fibre, 74.46% NFE and 3158.92Kcal/kg DM metabolizable energy. In the finisher broiler trial, the control diet contained maize as the main energy source while diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 contained 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% soaked cocoyam tuber meal finisher diet was fed to a group of 30 broiler chicks for 4 weeks using completely randomized design. Each treatment was further grouped into 3 replicated of 10 birds each. The broilers were kept in deep litter and given feed and water ad libitum. Parameters measured included: initial body weight, find body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, cost of production and carcass characteristic. In the finisher feeding trial, the finisher broilers on the control diet, diet 5 (30% SCYM), and diet 3 (20% SCYM) recorded similar feed intake which were significantly different (P<0.05) from those on the other diets. In terms of body weight gain, the finisher broilers on 20% soaked cocoyam tuber meal diet recorded significantly (P<0.05) high body weight than those on other diets while the finisher broilers on 25% soaked cocoyam tuber meal recorded the poorest body weight gain. It appeared that, the finisher broilers could not tolerate high levels of soaked cocoyam tuber meal in their diets. Cost of production (cost of feed x feed conversion ratio) was lowest for diet 5 (30% SCYM) N375 versus N422.99 for control diet in the finisher trial. The internal organs expressed as percent of the live weight were not affected by the treatments. The finisher broilers on diet 3 recorded the highest dressing out percentage of 73.90.There were no significant difference (p<0.05) on percentage wings and back cut of the finisher broiler group in all the diets. The finisher broilers on diet 4 (25% SCYM) yielded the highest percent breast muscle of 32.4% followed by those on 15% SCYM (diet 2) and 20 SCYM (diet 3). The finisher broilers on the control diet yielded the highest percent thigh of 18.3% and the poorest were those on diet 2(15% SCYM). The results of the trial have shown that soaked cocoyam tuber meal can be used to substitute maize at 20% in the diets of finisher broilers without affecting the weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratios as indicated in this study.
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Okwunodulu, Innocent N., Daniel M. Uluocha, and Felicia U. Okwunodulu. "Influence of Plantain and Sprouted Soybean Pastes on the Nutrient and Proximate Composition of Two Species of Cocoyam Puddings as a Complementary Food." Sustainable Food Production 5 (February 2019): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/sfp.5.24.
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The authors evaluated the nutrients and proximate composition of the puddings prepared from ede-ocha (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) and ede-cocoindia (Colocasia esculenta) pastes. Each paste was separately blended with firm ripe plantain, sprouted soybean pastes in the ratio of 100% cocoyam, 90% cocoyam:10% soybean, 25% cocoyam:65% plantain:10%soybean, and 45% cocoyam: 45% plantain 10% soybean and mixed with equal quantities of seasonings. The formulated blends were wrapped in plantain leaves and boiled for 30 minutes. Samples from ede-ocha were marked 101 to 104 and ede-cocoindia from 105 to 108. Values obained showed that pudding from ede-ocha had a higher moisture content (56.25%), protein (4.47%), fat (1.84%), ash (2.57%), crude fiber (2.46%), iron (0.58mg), and calcium (5.12mg) than ede-cocoondia. which had 5.52%, 4.29%, 1.49%, 2.45%, 2.11%, 0.36% and 5.01% respectively. Also, ede-cocoindia had higher carbohydrate {39.28%}, vitamin A precursor {62.90μg}, vitamin C (33.05mg) and zinc (0.35mg) than ede-ocha which had 35.46%, 60.80 μg, 20.50 mg, and 0.32mg respectively. The ede-ocha therefore made a better nutritious pudding than ede-cocoindia.
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Okocha, C. N., and D. N. Onunkwo. "Influence of various feeding regimes on the performance of Archachatina marginata snail." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45, no. 2 (December 25, 2020): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v45i2.479.
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This study was to evaluate the growth response of Archachatina marginata as influenced by four natural diets: Pawpaw (Carica papaya) cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta), cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), and cassava (Manihot esculenta) leaves and growers mash (a compounded ration). One hundred and twenty (120) grower snails (Archachatina marginata) were purchased from a farm in Ibadan, Oyo State. Data were collected on the growth parameters (weight, length and circumference of shell of the snails arranged in a Completely Randomized Design and replicated three (3) times. The results showed that pawpaw (Carica papaya) recorded the highest mean in all the parameters measured and throughout the duration of the experiment. Cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) leaf had a better mean than the Cassava (Manihot esculenta) leaves in terms of weight gained whereas the reverse is the case in terms of length and circumference of shell. Pawpaw (Carica papaya) is therefore, recommended to both local and small scale farmers in Abia State and in Nigeria for feeding their snails and cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) leaves and growers mash as an alternate feed.
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Orhevba, Bosede Adelola, and Yahaya Ndanaimi. "Proximate and Sensory Properties of Wheat-Cocoyam (Colocasia Esculenta) Composite Bread." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 3, no. 3 (June 7, 2021): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.3.297.
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In this study, samples of composite breads were produced from wheat and cocoyam flour blends using D-optimal design mixture, in the following proportions: 95:5, 90:10, 85:15. Bread sample which contained 100% wheat flour was also produced and this served as the control. The bread samples obtained were subjected to proximate and sensory analysis. The following results were obtained for the whole wheat flour bread: moisture (27.65%), protein (11.33%), crude fibre (0.59%), ash content (0.78%, fat (8.19%) and carbohydrate content (53.69%), respectively. While the composite bread samples had the moisture, protein, crude, ash, fat and carbohydrate in the following ranges:17.93-23.63%, 7.16-10.83%, 0.59-0.88%, 0.47-0.98%, 4.43-7.81% and 55.94-1.31%, respectively. The sensory tests carried out on the bread samples indicated that there was no significant difference between the whole wheat bread and the composite bread samples for flavour, crumb appearance and taste. However, for texture, overall preference and crust colour properties of the bread samples, significant differences were observed. From the study, it can be concluded that wheat flour can be substituted with cocoyam flour and bread samples made from this combination (up to 15% cocoyam flour inclusion) were acceptable. It was observed that the 100% wheat flour bread is the most acceptable, followed by the 5% cocoyam flour composite bread samples. Usage of cocoyam flours in bread baking can contribute significantly to enhancing nutrition and curbing the rising cost of bread.
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Okunlola, A., and T. A. Gbadamosi. "Compaction and Tableting Behavior of a Novel Co-Processed Excipient in the Formulation of Metoprolol Succinate Tablets." Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 16, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpr.v16i2.4.
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Background: Pregelatinized starches exhibit good swelling and flow properties, imparting fast disintegration time but low mechanical strength in tablets. On the other hand, acacia gum acts as a binder in tablets by imparting high mechanical strength but prolonged disintegration time. Development of a co-processed excipient involving combination of the two excipients at sub-particle level will improve the functionality of the final product.Objective: To develop a direct compressible co-processed excipient with pregelatinized cocoyam starch and acacia gum and to evaluate its compaction behavior and tableting properties in metoprolol succinate tablets.Material and Methods: Batches of the co-processed excipient were prepared by co-fusion using different ratios (97.5:2.5; 95:5; 92.5:7.5; 90:10; 85:15; 80:20) of pregelatinized cocoyam starch and acacia gum. Flow and compaction properties and Fourier transform Infrared (FT-IR) analysis were carried out on native and pregelatinized starches and on the co-processed excipients. Metoprolol succinate tablets were formulated by direct compression using selected batches of co-processed excipients, pregelatinized cocoyam starch and acacia gum and then evaluated for mechanical strength and drug release.Results: Pregelatinization produced starch with larger granules (138.75±59.21μm), improved swelling (2.03±0.00) and flow (flow rate 0.52±0.03g/s). The FTIR analysis of the co-processed excipients confirmed absence of chemical interaction. Flow properties, compressibility (Kawakita value, a = 0.190 – 0.223) and rate of packing (Consolidation rate, K = 0.1221 – 0.2551) of the co-processed excipients were enhanced. Metoprolol succinate tablets containing the co-processed excipients had higher mechanical strength (Crushing strength 106.03±15.80 MNm-2) than those containing starch alone but faster drug release (disintegration time 1.80 ±0.20 -5.75±0.25; dissolution time; t80 30-50 min) than those containing acacia gum. Cocoyam starch: acacia gum ratio 97.5:2.5 gave the optimum formulation with high crushing strength (106.03 ± 15.8MNm-2) and fast release (t80 = 30 min).Conclusion: Co-processed excipients of pregelatinized cocoyam starch and acacia gum could serve as suitable alternatives to other directly-compressible excipients for the formulation of tablets.
Keywords: Acacia gum, Cocoyam starch, Compaction properties, Co-processing, Metoprolol
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Anyaegbu, B. C., D. N. Onunkwo, G. Igwe, J. Nathaniel, and C. M. Nkwo. "Dietary evaluation of starter broiler chicks fed cooked cocoyam tuber meal (xanthosoma sagitifolium) as energy source in place of maize." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i4.280.
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Considering the inherent attributes of tannia cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagitifolium) its appropriate utilization may enhance performance of starter broiler chicks. This study was therefore carried out to determine the dietary evaluation of starter broiler chicks fed cooked cocoyam tuber meal as energy source in place of maize. The cooked cocoyam tuber meal was used to replace maize at various levels of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% respectively for diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 to determine the best replacement level that would give optimal performance in starter broiler chicks' diets. Result of the proximate composition of cooked cocoyam tuber meal showed that it contained 13.11% moisture, 2.60% ash, 1.85% ether extract, 3.90% crude protein, 9.45% crude fibre, 70.13% nitrogen free extract and 3004.37 Kcal/kgME. 150 day old Anak broiler chicks were used for the experiment. They were divided into 5 treatment groups of 30 broiler chicks each. Each treatment group was subdivided into 3 replicates of 10 broiler chicks each and kept in deep litter. Each starter diet was fed to a group of 30 starter broilers for 4 weeks using completely randomized design. They were given feed and water adlibitum. Parameters measured include initial body weight, final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and economics of production. In the starter broiler feeding trial, the starter broilers on 25% cooked cocoyam meal compared favourably with the control (P> 0.05) in terms of feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio and significantly (P > 0.05) performed between than those on 100% CCYM. The cost of production (N/Kg broiler) was however cheapest for diet 2 (25% CCYM) N395 versus control diet (N494.28). It was therefore concluded that cooked cocoyam tuber meal (Xanthosoma sagitifolium) could be used in the diets of starter broiler chicks' up to 25% without affecting the body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio as indicated in this study.
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Anyaegbu, B. C., D. N. Onunkwo, G. Igwe, J. Nathaniel, and C. M. Nkwo. "Growth performance and carcass characteristics of finisher broiler chickens fed diet containing cooked cocoyam tubermeal." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i4.277.
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This study was carried out to evaluate the growth performance and carcass characteristics of finisher broiler chickens fed diet containing cooked cocoyam tubermeal as energy source in place of maize. The proximate composition of cooked cocoyam tubermeal showed that it contained 13.11% moisture, 2.60% ash, 3.90% crude protein, 9.45% crude fiber, 1.85% ether extract and 70.13% NFE. In the finisher feeding trial, the cooked cocoyam tubermeal was used to replace maize at levels of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% respectively in the control diet. Each finisher diet was fed to a group of 30 finisher broiler chicken for 4 weeks using completely randomized design. Each treatment was divided into 3 replicates of 10 broiler chicks each. The birds were kept on deep litter and were given feed and water ad-libitum. Parameters measured include ifinal body weight, body weight gain feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass characteristics and economics of production. In the finisher feeding trial, the feed intake of the finisher broilers on diets 2, 3 and 4 were similar and compared favourably with those on the control diet. The finisher group on 100% CCYM (diet 5) recorded the lowest feed intake possibly because of the dustiness of the feed. The body weight gain of the finisher broilers on diet 2 (25%) cooked cocoyam tubermeal compared favourably with the control group and was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those on other diets. It appeared that the finisher broilers could not tolerate high levels of cooked cocoyam meal due to dustiness of the feed and its anti-nutritional factors. The cost of production per kg finisher broilers was cheapest for diet 5(100% CCYM) (N356.72) and the costliest was for diet 3(50% CCYM) (N588.28). The internal organs expressed as percent of the live weight were not affected by the treatments. In terms of carcass characteristics, the finisher broilers on diet 2(25% CCYM) recorded the highest breast muscle which was significantly different (P<0.05) from other groups. There were no significant different (P>0.05) on percent back cut, drumstick, head, shank, thigh, neck and wings of the finisher broilers on all the treatments. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in percent dressed weight of the finisher broilers on cooked cocoyam based diets. The results of the trial have shown that cooking cocoyam corms (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) for 30 minutes was effective for reducing the cyanide oxalate, tannin, phytic acid and saponin content and that cooking did not affect the proximate composition of tannia. Cooked cocoyam tubermeal could be used to replace maize up to 25% in the diet of finisher broiler chicken without affecting body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio as indicated in this study.
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Pacumbaba, R. P., J. G. Wutoh, Sama Anne Eyango, J. T. Tambong, and L. M. Nyochembeng. "Isolation and Pathogenicity of Rhizosphere Fungi of Cocoyam in Relation to Cocoyam Root Rot Disease." Journal of Phytopathology 135, no. 4 (August 1992): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1992.tb04312.x.
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Melliawati, Ruth, and Farida Rahman. "Enzyme Production From Cassava Peels by Aspergillus Awamori KT-11: The Making of Natural Sweetener From Several Tubbers." ANNALES BOGORIENSES 23, no. 1 (October 22, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/ann.bogor.2019.v23.n1.20-29.
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The use of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) peel for enzyme production has not been widely used. The purpose of this study was to produce complex amylase enzymes from cassava peel by A. awamori KT-11 and apply them in the manufacture of natural sweeteners. Enzyme production is carried out on red and white cassava peel. Media of cassava peel sterilized, inoculated with 1% A. awamori KT-11, incubated for 5 days, then dried at 50°C and mashed. Making sugar is done on cassava flour, sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas L), taro (Colocasia esculenta) and cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) with different concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, and 15% and 20% enzyme concentrations. The hydrolysis process is carried out for 3 days at 60°C. The enzyme activity in red cassava peel was 405,006 U/mL and white cassava peel was 321,239 U/ml. The sugar produced in cassava, taro, sweet potato, and Cocoyam was 101.38 mg/mL, 81.18 mg/mL, 55.929 mg/mL, and 42.874 mg/mL, respectively. The results of TLC showed that cassava and taro sugar contain maltose, lactose and glucose, sweet potatoes contained glucose and dextrin and Cocoyam containing fructose. The sweetness level of sugar from cassava, taro, sweet potato and Cocoyam is 14 brix, 12 brix, 9 brix and 9 brix, respectively.
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Eleazu, C. O., M. Iroaganachi, and K. C. Eleazu. "Ameliorative Potentials of Cocoyam (Colocasia esculentaL.) and Unripe Plantain (Musa paradisiacaL.) on the Relative Tissue Weights of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats." Journal of Diabetes Research 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/160964.
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Aim. To investigate the ameliorating potentials of cocoyam (Colocasia esculentaL.) and unripe plantain (Musa paradisiacaL.) incorporated feeds on the renal and liver growths of diabetic rats, induced with 55 and 65 mg/kg body weight of Streptozotocin.Method. The blood glucose level of the rats was measured with a glucometer, the protein and glucose and specific gravity (SPGR) in the urine samples of the rats were measured using urine assay strips and urinometer respectively. The chemical composition and antioxidant screening of the test feeds were carried out using standard techniques.Results. Administration of the test feeds for 21 days to the diabetic rats of groups 4 and 5, resulted in 58.75% and 38.13% decreases in hyperglycemia and amelioration of their elevated urinary protein, glucose, SPGR, and relative kidney weights. The diabetic rats administered cocoyam incorporated feeds, had 2.71% and 19.52% increases in weight and growth rates, the diabetic rats administered unripe plantain incorporated feeds had 5.12% and 29.52% decreases in weight and growth rates while the diabetic control rats had 28.69%, 29.46%, 248.9% and 250.14% decreases in weights and growth rates. The cocoyam incorporated feeds contained higher antioxidants, minerals and phytochemicals except alkaloids than unripe plantain feed.Conclusion. Cocoyam and unripe plantain could be useful in the management of diabetic nephropathy.
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OLY-ALAWUBA, NKEIRUKA, and Idam Prosper Uzochukwu. "Effect Of Processing, (Boiling, Frying and Roasting) On The Nutrient, Antinutient And Phytochemical Composition Of Two Varieties Of Cocoyam." Archives of Business Research 8, no. 6 (June 15, 2020): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.86.8352.
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The importance of food processing in enhancing nutrients contained in foods, cannot be overemphasized. The study evaluates the effect of different processing methods (boiling, frying and roasting), on the nutrient, antinutrient and phytochemical compositions of two varieties of cocoyam, (Colocasia antiquorum and Xanthosoma sagittifolium ).
Anti-nutrients are chemical compounds evolved by plants for their defence, among other biological functions. Anti-nutrients reduce the maximum utilization of nutrients (especially proteins, vitamins and minerals), thus preventing optimal exploitation of the nutrients present in food and decreasing the nutritive value.
Cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) is a non-indigenous species, widely grown in the subtropical parts of Africa, as a traditional food crop. Cocoyam makes a significant contribution to the diet of local people in Nigeria, where it is easily available.
Cocoyam varieties (X.sagittifolium and C.antiquorum), were harvested from the farm, cleaned and divided into three equal parts, (those to be boiled, fried and roasted). Thereafter, were subjected to different processing techniques before analysis. Standard assay methods were used to analyse for antinutrients, nutrients and phytochemical composition.
The proximate and mineral composition of the Cocoyam varieties revealed improved values in some nutrients. Phosphorus improved (from 52.36mg/g to 65.39mg/g) Calcium (21.mg/g to 26.02mg/g), sodium (41.66 to 52.34mg/g), magnesium (11.66mg/g to 13.4mg/g), iron, (from 2.72mg/g to 5.72mg/g).
The different processing methods used, especially boiling, had a diverse effect in reducing the levels of tannin, phytate, oxalate, phenols, cyanogens, saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids in relation to the other processing methods. Boiling for 30minutes was also found to be highly effective in reducing the anti-nutrient content in both varieties of cocoyam. (Tannin reduced from 0.62mg/100g to 0.15mg/100g; Phytate, from 1.83mg/100g to 0.12mg/100g and Oxalate, from 2.99mg/100g to 0.13mg/100g respectively). Alkaloid concentration decreased from 1.44mg/100g to 0.10mg/100g. Processing was effective in substantially reducing the cyanogens to low levels, from 1.44mg/100g (in raw Xanthosoma sagittifolium) to 0.07mg/100g (in boiled).
The result of the study showed that some, nutrients contained in food crops, could be improved and made more available to the body, through the application of some processing methods.
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Clement, Charles Roland, Doriane Picanço Rodrigues, Alessandro Alves-Pereira, Gilda Santos Mühlen, Michelly de Cristo-Araújo, Priscila Ambrósio Moreira, Juliana Lins, and Vanessa Maciel Reis. "Crop domestication in the upper Madeira River basin." Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas 11, no. 1 (April 2016): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981.81222016000100010.
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Abstract Most native Amazonian crops were domesticated in the periphery of the basin. The upper Madeira River basin is an important part of this periphery where several important crops were domesticated and others are suspected to have been domesticated or arrived early. Some of these crops have been reasonably well studied, such as manioc, peanut, peach palm, coca and tobacco, while others are not as well known, such as the hot peppers Capsicum baccatum and C. frutescens, and still others need confirmation, such as cocoyam and annatto. We review the information available for manioc, peach palm, Capsicum, peanut, annatto and cocoyam. The state-of-the-art for Capsicum frutescens, annatto and cocoyam is insufficient to conclude definitively that they were domesticated in the upper Madeira, while all the others have at least one of their origins or centers of diversity in the upper Madeira.
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Pacumbaba, R. P. "Protocol to Screen Cocoyam Accessions for Resistance or Tolerance to Cocoyam Root Rot Disease in Cameroon." Plant Disease 76, no. 8 (1992): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-76-0768.
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Ishiwu, Charles, Ikechukwu Maxwell Onoh, Peace Ogechi Nwanya, and Albert Chibuzo Agulanna. "Physiochemical Properties of Cocoyam Starch Extracted in Two Media." International Letters of Natural Sciences 64 (July 2017): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.64.32.
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Starch was extracted (isolated) from cocoyam with the aid of water solution of oxalic acid and ammonium oxalate in 8 samples of ratios, 1:3, 1:1, 3:1, 2:3, 2:1, 1:2 and 0:0 respectively. The physiochemical properties were investigated in order to unveil its characteristics and unravel the potentials for industrial applications of the cocoyam starch. The physiochemical properties investigated includes; Amylose and Amylopectin contents, water binding capacity, particle size distribution, swelling power and solubility. The results obtained showed that swelling power and solubility of the starch were temperature dependent. The solubility was found to increase with temperature increase as the cocoyam starch showed highest solubility within the 70-90°C temperature range. The swelling power was found fluctuating between the temperatures of 25-90°C. The swelling power starch sample isolated with blending ratios of 2:1 and 1:2 were temperature dependent. The Amylose content ranges from 3.06 to 31.21%.
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Lopulalan, Cynthia G. C., Djagal W. Marseno, Yustinus Marsono, and Yudi Pranoto. "Karakteristik Fisik dan Fungsional Pati Keladi (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) dari Beberapa Lokasi di Maluku." AGRITEKNO: Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian 10, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jagritekno.2021.10.1.17.
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This study aimed to characterize the physical and functional properties of cocoyam starch from several locations in Maluku. The use of starch in the processed food and non-food industries will be determined by its various characteristics depending on the starch source. It is expected from this research that data can be used to assess the potential of cocoyam starch in its use in the food and non-food industries. Cocoyam tubers from Maluku, i.e. Buru Island, Saparua Island, and Saumlaki Island were used as samples in this research.. The wet extraction method was used to produce cocoyam starch in this research. Physical properties such as tuber length and diameter, tuber skin color, yield were analyzed. Swelling power and solubility, water holding capacity (WHC), paste clarity, pH and color were among functional properties observed. The results showed that the length of cocoyam tubers from the three sample locations was in the range of 8.75-36 cm with a diameter of 8-22 cm. The skin color of the tubers was found to be blackish-brown, and the color of the tubers is white with a starch yield of 12-16%. Based on the statistical analysis results, starch's functional properties like swelling power, solubility, WHC, paste clarity, pH, and color for the three starches were not significantly different from one another. This shows that differences in growing locations within an archipelago did not affect cocoyam starch's functional properties.
Keywords: Cocoyam starch, functional property, location, physical property
ABSTRAK
Tujuan dari penelitian adalah mengkarakterisasi sifat fisik dan fungsional pati keladi yang berasal dari beberapa lokasi di Maluku. Karakteristik yang berbeda berdasarkan sumber pati akan menentukan kesesuaian pemanfaatannya dalam industri pangan olahan maupun non pangan. Diharapkan dari penelitian ini adalah diperoleh data yang dapat digunakan untuk mengkaji potensi pati keladi dalam penggunaanya di industri pangan maupun non pangan. umbi keladi yang digunakan sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini berasal dari dari lokasi di Maluku yaitu umbi keladi asal pulau Buru, pulau Saparua dan pulau Saumlaki. Metode ekstraksi yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan pati keladi adalah metode ekstraksi basah. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi sifat fisik yaitu panjang dan diameter umbi, warna kulit umbi, rendemen; serta sifat fungsional yaitu swelling power dan sollubility, water holding capacity (WHC), kejernihan pasta, pH, warna. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah panjang umbi keladi dari tiga lokasi sampel adalah 8,75-36 cm dengan diameter 8-22 cm. Warna kulit umbi coklat kehitaman dan warna umbi putih serta rendemen pati 12-16%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik, sifat fungsional pati yaitu swelling power, sollubilty, WHC, kejernihan pasta, pH dan warna untuk ketiga pati tidak berbeda nyata satu dengan lainnya. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan lokasi tumbuh dalam satu kepulauan tidak mempengaruhi karakteristik fungsional pati keladi yang diteliti.
Kata kunci: Pati keladi, lokasi, sifat fisik, sifat fungsional
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Adekiya, Aruna Olasekan, Taiwo Michael Agbede, Adeniyi Olayanju, Wutem Sunny Ejue, Timothy A. Adekanye, Titilayo Tolulope Adenusi, and Jerry Femi Ayeni. "Effect of Biochar on Soil Properties, Soil Loss, and Cocoyam Yield on a Tropical Sandy Loam Alfisol." Scientific World Journal 2020 (February 25, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9391630.
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Among agricultural soil amendment that can enhance crop productivity and soil sustainability is biochar. Hence, two-year field experiments were conducted on a sandy loam Alfisol at Owo, southwest Nigeria, to evaluate the effects of biochar produced from hardwood on soil physical and chemical characteristics, erosion potential, and cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) yield. The study was a 2 × 4 factorial experiment with two years (2017 and 2018) and four biochar levels (0 (control), 10, 20, and 30 t ha−1). The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results indicated that biochar application significantly in both years improved yield of cocoyam and soil physical (bulk density, porosity, moisture content, mean weight diameter (MWD) of soil aggregates, dispersion ratio, and infiltration rate) and chemical (soil organic matter, pH, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and CEC) properties and erosion resistance. Soil characteristics and cocoyam yield improved with level of biochar from 0–30 t ha−1. When 2018 is compared with 2017 in term of soil loss, in the amended plots, 2018 reduced soil loss by 7.4, 20, and 73.5%, respectively, for 10, 20, and 30 t ha−1biochar, whereas there was an increase of 2.7% soil loss in the control plot in 2018 compared with 2017. Therefore, application rate of 30 t ha−1 biochar is considered as suitable for severely degraded soil because this application rate efficiently improves cocoyam yield and soil properties and reduces soil loss.
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AFOLAMI, C. A., and I. B. OGUNGBENRO. "PROFIT EFFICIENCY OF SMALLHOLDER COCOYAM-BASED FARMERS AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA." Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment 18, no. 1 (November 6, 2019): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v18i1.1911.
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Cocoyam belongs to the indispensable food category that supplies calorie in the diet of the Nigerian populace. However, researches on its nutrition and economic values are scarce leading to low production and under consumption among the populace. Against the backdrop of the great potential of the Nigerian agriculture in cocoyam production, and the need for land use efficiency, sustainable development, poverty alleviation, attainment of food –security/ self-sufficiency and adequate resource allocation to the production of the crop, this study examined farm level profit efficiency and its determinants for smallholder cocoyam-based farmers in Osun State, South-west Nigeria, using Cobb-Douglas stochastic profit function. Multistage and random sampling techniques were used to select 180 small-holder cocoyam farmers during the 2014 growing season and data were collected from them on their socio-economic and production characteristics. Maximum likelihood estimates of the specified models revealed an average profit efficiency of 44.88 percent which indicated that the profit of the farmers can be increased by 55 percent with the same production cost. The study also found that the level of education of the farmers, access to credit, farming experience, household size, access to extension services, and marital status are factors affecting farm-level profit efficiency in the use of resources. Farm-level policies aimed at promoting the farmers education, access to credit, access to extension services and marital status are recommended for improved profit efficiency.
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Paul, KK, and MA Bari. "Estimates of Genetic Components for Yield and Related Traits in Cocoyam." Agriculturists 10, no. 2 (December 26, 2012): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i2.13150.
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In the present investigation attempts were made to estimate genetic parameters for yield and its components in 315 genotypes of cocoyam collected from thirteen aroid growing districts. Plant height, petiole length, petiole breadth, leaf number, leaf length, leaf breadth, LAI, Inflorescence length, peduncle length, spathe length, spathe breadth, corm length, corm breadth, cormel number, cormel length, cormel breadth, corm weight, cormel weight, total fresh weight, total dry weight, yield per plant were taken in this study. Presence of significant differences together with wide ranges of variation indicates wide range of variability existed among the genotypes of cocoyam. Genotypic variances and coefficient of variation for most of the characters were remarkably higher than their corresponding environmental variances, which also indicate the existence of variation in genotypic level. Plant height, petiole length, leaf length, leaf breadth for cocoyam expressed high heritability with moderate to high genetic advance signalled heritable in nature. High heritability with high genetic advance in percentage of mean was also observed for plant height, petiole length, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i2.13150 The Agriculturists 2012; 10(2) 127-132
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Nyochembeng, Leopold M., and Stephen Garton. "252 STUDIES ON ADVENTITIOUS REGENERATION IN COCOYAM." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 465f—465. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.465f.
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Studies were conducted to determine the response of cocoyam shoot tips, petioles, cotyledons and hypocotyls in various media for callus formation, adventitious shoot development and somatic embryogenesis. In all experiments, B5 basal medium or low N B5 were supplemented with various growth regulators. High frequency adventitious shoot proliferation was obtained using cotyledons and hypocotyls in medium supplemented with 1 mg/l IBA and 0.5 mg/l TDZ. Embryogenic callus was obtained using shoot tips in media containing 1 mg/l Dicamba, hile somatic embryos were observed in media containing 0.3 mg/l 2, 4 - D and 1 mg/l Kinetin, using hypocotyl and petiole explants. The impact of these results on micropropagation of cocoyam is discussed.
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Sama, Anne E., and Harrison G. Hughes. "RAPID MICROPROPAGATION OF COCOYAM (XANTHOSOMA SAGITTIFOLIUM SCHOTT)." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 695a—695. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.695a.
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Shoot tips, approximately 3-5mm, were isolated from corms of young greenhouse-grown plants of cocoyam, cultivar South Dade White. After preliminary evaluations, the initiation media evaluated were B5 basal salts supplemented with 0.05 μM NAA with 5μM BAP, 20μM BAP or 2μM TDZ. The above media were in the form of liquid medium in flasks on a rotary shaker, liquid medium with filter paper bridges, stationary liquid medium without filter paper and solidified medium with 0.4% agar. TDZ stimulated greater growth with multiple shoot formation. Liquid media either in the shaker or stationary form were more effective in terms of growth. Shoots were subsequently evaluated for multiplication with 1μM TDZ and 5μM BAP with 0.05μM NAA producing greater shoot numbers. Over 30 plants have subsequently been rooted and acclimatized under mist or humidity tent.
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Obadina, Adewale, Hannah Ashimolowo, and Ifeoluwa Olotu. "Quality changes in cocoyam flours during storage." Food Science & Nutrition 4, no. 6 (February 17, 2016): 818–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.347.
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Anyaegbu, B. C., D. N. Onunkwo, R. J. Nosike, and M. C. Orji. "Growth performance of starter broilers fed processed cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) as energy source in place of maize." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 3 (January 2, 2021): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i3.618.
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Considering the inherent attributes of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), its appropriate utilization for chicken diets may enhance performance of starter broilers. The study was therefore, carried out to determine the growth performance of starter broilers fed processed cocoyam tuber meal as energy source in place of maize. Xanthosoma cocoyam corms were harvested, cleaned of soil and chopped into bits of about 0.2 cm. The chopped tannia was soaked in water in a large vat for 24 hours to reduce the ant nutrients and later on separated from the water and dried with microwave oven. The dried cocoyam was milled and then used. The proximate chemical composition showed that soaked cocoyam tuber meal contained 8.05% moisture, 91.95% dry matter, 10.08% ash, 2.01% crude protein, 1.60% ether extract, 3.80% crude fibre, 74.46% NFE and 3158.92Kcal/kg DM metabolizable energy. In the starter broiler experiment, five experimental diets were formulated such that, diet 1 (control) contained yellow maize as the main energy source, while soaked CTM was used to replace maize at levels of 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% respectively in the control diet. Each starter diet was fed to a group of 30 broiler chicks for 4 weeks using completely randomized design. Each treatment was further grouped into 3 replicates of 10 birds each. The broiler chicks were kept in deep litter and given feed and water ad libitum. Parameters measured included initial body weight, final body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and cost of production. In the starter feeding trial, the group on 30% soaked CTM (30% SCYM) compared favorably with the control group (P<0.05) and recorded the highest body weight gain. It appeared that, the starter broilers could tolerate high levels of soaked CTM in their diets. Cost of production (cost of feed x feed conversion ratio) was lowest for diet 5 (30% SCYM) N248.15 as against N281.86 for control diet in the starter feeding trial. CTM meal can be used to replace maize at 30% in the diets of starter broilers without affecting weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio as indicated in the study.
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Udo, M. D., G. D. Eyoh, C. P. Jimmy, and U. E. Ekpo. "Nutrient Composition, Mineral and Anti-Nutrient Components of Processed Wild Cocoyam (Caladium Bicolor, (Ait) Vent)." Current Agriculture Research Journal 8, no. 2 (June 12, 2020): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.8.2.09.
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In the subtropic and perhaps worldwide a novel plant Caladium bicolor (wild cocoyam, Ikpong Ekpo) has not actually been utilized as food for man, livestock or poultry, though in abundance. Also, the effective utilization of wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor) tubers in livestock and poultry feed is limited by the presence of anti-nutrient components which requires some form of processing. The effect of boiling and soaking on gross energy, mineral composition, anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) and proximate composition of wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor (Ait), Vent) were determined with the aim of investigating its suitability as a feed ingredient. The soaked, raw and boiled tubers were dried, milled and analyzed for chemical compositions. Crude protein contents of raw and processed Caladium bicolor tubers range were 7.58% - 8.28% and the crude fibre values ranged between1.92 - 2.12%. The gross energy value of boiled Caladium bicolor tubers was higher (2.85kcal/g) and also statistically similar (p>0.05) to both raw and soaked Caladium bicolor tubers. The micro and macro mineral composition of boiled Caladium bicolor tubers was significantly (p<0.05) lower compared to soaking method. Values obtained for boiled Caladium bicolor tubers were significantly (p<0.05) lower in all the toxic substances determined, except for the HCN content being above the tolerable limit for ruminant animals. The results indicate that processing techniques adopted enhanced the proximate composition, caloric components, mineral contents and significantly (p>0.05) lowered in the level of anti-nutrients present in wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor (Ait). Vent) tubers with boiling being the best and hence the recommended processing method for use in detoxifying C. bicolor.
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Adewumi, Funmilayo Deborah, Labunmi Lajide, Abayomi Olagunjoye Adetuyi, and Olajide Ayodele. "Functional properties of three native starches and their modified derivatives." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 14 (September 28, 2020): 682–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1232.
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Starches were isolated from cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifollium), white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) and bitter yam (Dioscorea dumentorum). Starch modification was carried out using acetic anhydride and phthalic anhydride. The native and modified starches were characterized using Fourier Transformed Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) for identification of the functional groups. Functional properties such as water absorption capacities, oil absorption capacity, swelling power, solubility, gelation temperature, least gelation capacity, amylose content and pH were determined using standard procedures. Acetylation increased the water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling power, amylose content, and solubility of the starches while phthalation decreased water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling power, and solubility of the starches. Native cocoyam starch has the highest gelation temperature (85 °C) while Acetylated bitter yam has the lowest gelation temperature (74 °C). The pH of the native and modified starches was within the range of 4.14 − 6.55. Phthalation and acetylation increased the bulk density of the starches. Native cocoyam, white yam, and bitter yam starches had the lowest gelation concentration (6%). Modification of native starches will improve the usage of starch in food and non-food applications.
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Ajetunmobi, A. W., S. A. Eguaoje, C. A. Adeniji, M. T. Omesa, and A. Iwegbu. "Growth performance of broiler chicks fed graded levels of processed taro cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) meal based diet." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 3 (November 6, 2019): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i3.991.
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An eight-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the growth performance characteristics of (120) broiler starter fed varying levels of parboiled sundried taro cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) meal (PSCM). Four treatments were formulated with diet one containing 100% maize as control, while in diet two, three and four parboiled sundried cocoyam meal (PSCM) replaced the percentage proportion of maize in diet one at 50, 75 and 100% inclusion level respectively. Thirty (30) birds were randomly assigned to the four treatment diets in a completely randomize designed (CRD) each treatment group comprising of three replicates with ten (10) birds each. Growth performance revealed a significant variation (P<0.05) in the values of final live weight, daily feed intake and weight gain with highest value (1.62kg, 480.00g and 62.00g/bird) among those fed 50% PSCM. Feed conversion ratio (13.02) was least and best among those on 50% PSCM and protein efficiency ratio was higher (0.06) among those fed the control. It is concluded therefore from this study that parboiled sundried taro cocoyam meal is a valuable replacement for maize up to 50% in broiler diets without adverse effects on the growth performance of starting broiler chickens.
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Anggarwulan, Endang, Widya Mudyantini, and Yuniar Nilawati. "PERTUMBUHAN TIGA JENIS KIMPUL (Xanthosoma spp.) P PADA KETINGGIAN TEMPAT BERBEDA." Agric 27, no. 1 (March 8, 2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/agric.2015.v27.i1.p44-49.
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<p>Indonesian society has a consumption pattern dominated staple grains group. To reduce dependence on other countries for imports of foodstuffs, need to diversification their meal using existing biodiversity. One of the crops that can be developed is the cocoyam (Xanthosoma spp.) potential as a source of carbohydrate. Cocoyam can be grown in the lowland to the mountains with a height of up to 1300 meters above sea level. Therefore it is necessary to find the most appropriate planting site so that plants can grow and develop optimally. This study aimed to determine the growth of three types of new cocoyam at a different altitude variation. This study was conducted in two different regions of altitude, is Tawangmangu (1200 m above sea level) and Klaten (98 m above sea level). Observations using three different types of cocoyam, the tuber white, purple and yellow. Each type grown in both altitude with 10 replications each. The observations were obtained include fresh weight, dry weight, number of leaves, chlorophyll and carotenoid levels were analyzed by unpaired t test and ANOVA test at 95% confidence level. The results of this study indicate that tuber white, purple and yellow tuber are planted in the lowlands (Klaten) and highlands (Tawangmangu) had significant results in the measurement of plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, and chlorophyll and carotenoid levels have significantly different results, but not the parameters of the number of leaves. Height and weight of the fresh plant<br />in Klaten higher than in Tawangmangu, while the white tuber dry weight in Tawangmangu higher than other treatments. The levels of chlorophyll and carotenoid yellow tuber is the highest in Klaten than others.</p>
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Eddy, Nnabuk O., Emmanuel Essien, Eno E. Ebenso, and Richard A. Ukpe. "Industrial Potential of Two Varieties of Cocoyam in Bread Making." E-Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 1 (2012): 451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/635894.
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The evaluation of the chemical (proximate composition, mineral composition, toxicant composition and vitamin composition), nutritional and industrial potentials of two varieties of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (XS) andColocasia esculenta (CE) were carried out using recommended methods of analysis. Baking trials were conducted with the two varieties of cocoyam at different levels of substitution (20%, 30% and 50%). The produced bread samples were analyzed for their physical parameters and proximate composition. Sensory evaluation test was also carried out on the produced bread. The result of the analysis showed that the preferred bread in terms of loaf weight, volume and specific volume was given by sample I (control sample) containing 100% wheat flour with a specific volume of 3.54 cm3/g. This was closely followed by sample A with specific volume of 3.25 cm3/g containing 20% substitution level ofCE. Sample H containing 50% substitution level ofXSwith specific volume of 2.58 cm3/g gave the poorest performance. The sensory evaluation result further revealed that apart from the 100% wheat flour based sample I, sample D with 20% substitution level ofXSwas rated good and maintained better performance amongst the cocoyam varieties while samples G and C with 100% and 50% substitution level ofCErespectively were rated the poorest. The proximate composition of the bread samples was also carried out.CE, XSand wheat bread samples (100%) recorded 15.0633±1.4531, 12.1133±1.5975 and 11.2867±0.7978 respectively for the moisture content.XSbread recorded the highest carbohydrate content of 45.0133±3.0274. In terms of ash,CEbread recorded the highest value of 31.4367±1.6159 while wheat bread recorded the highest value for protein i.e. 20.6033± 0.8113.XSperformed better in terms of crude fat and energy value of 12.2967± 0.8914 and 371.5367 respectively. The use of cocoyam - wheat flour mixture in producing composite bread is therefore strongly recommended from this study.