Journal articles: 'Code de Gold'

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Rouabah, Khaled, Salim Attia, Rachid Harba, Philippe Ravier, and Sabrina Boukerma. "Optimized Method for Generating and Acquiring GPS Gold Codes." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/956735.

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We propose a simpler and faster Gold codes generator, which can be efficiently initialized to any desired code, with a minimum delay. Its principle consists of generating only one sequence (code number 1) from which we can produce all the other different signal codes. This is realized by simply shifting this sequence by different delays that are judiciously determined by using the bicorrelation function characteristics. This is in contrast to the classical Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) based Gold codes generator that requires, in addition to the shift process, a significant number of logic XOR gates and a phase selector to change the code. The presence of all these logic XOR gates in classical LFSR based Gold codes generator provokes the consumption of an additional time in the generation and acquisition processes. In addition to its simplicity and its rapidity, the proposed architecture, due to the total absence of XOR gates, has fewer resources than the conventional Gold generator and can thus be produced at lower cost. The Digital Signal Processing (DSP) implementations have shown that the proposed architecture presents a solution for acquiring Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites signals optimally and in a parallel way.

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Deshmukh, Sanjay, and Udhav Bhosle. "Analysis of Outage Probability for MC-CDMA Systems Using Different Spread Codes." Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences 8, no. 3 (November 5, 2019): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2019.8.3.2065.

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Modern communication systems demand proper utilisation of bandwidth, high throughput, integration of services and flexibility. To meet these requirements, spread spectrum code-division multiple access (CDMA) techniques have been proposed for various wireless communication systems. Here the individual user is assigned a unique binary code called spreading code used to increase capacity and provide higher robustness to interference. This paper investigates outage probability performance of MIMO multicarrier spread spectrum code-division multiple access (CDMA) with different robust spreading codes namely Walsh-Hadamard (WH), Gold and Kasami codes. Outage probability Poutage is significant performance measure to evaluate the effect of co-channel interference. System’s performance is initially evaluated in terms of outage probability by varying spreading factor (code length L) L= 4, 16, 64,256 for the number of subcarriers (NC) NC =4. In the second case spread factor SF is kept constant at L=64 and Poutage is analysed for varying number of subcarriers NC = 4, 16, 64. Outage probability analysis for system shows that under similar load conditions Kasami spread sequences outperforms Gold codes and WH codes in terms of outage probability for different spreading factor (SF) of codes and for varying number of subcarriers. This is because of its improved peak isolation and low cross-correlation than other.

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Błaszyński, Piotr, and Włodzimierz Bielecki. "High-Performance Computation of the Number of Nested RNA Structures with 3D Parallel Tiled Code." Eng 4, no. 1 (February 3, 2023): 507–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/eng4010030.

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Many current bioinformatics algorithms have been implemented in parallel programming code. Some of them have already reached the limits imposed by Amdahl’s law, but many can still be improved. In our paper, we present an approach allowing us to generate a high-performance code for calculating the number of RNA pairs. The approach allows us to generate parallel tiled code of the maximal dimension of tiles, which for the discussed algorithm is 3D. Experiments carried out by us on two modern multi-core computers, an Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6326 (2.90 GHz, 2 physical units, 32 cores, 64 threads, 24 MB Cache) and Intel(R) i7(11700KF (3.6 GHz, 8 cores, 16 threads, 16 MB Cache), demonstrate a significant increase in performance and scalability of the generated parallel tiled code. For the Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6326 and Intel(R) i7, target code speedup increases linearly with an increase in the number of threads. An approach presented in the paper to generate target code can be used by programmers to generate target parallel tiled code for other bioinformatics codes whose dependence patterns are similar to those of the code implementing the counting algorithm.

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Develi, Ibrahim, and Meryem Filiz. "Improvement of BER performance in MIMO–CDMA systems by using initial–phase optimized gold codes." Journal of Electrical Engineering 64, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2013-0005.

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This paper describes a new approach to improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of a multiple-input multiple-output code-division multiple-access (MIMO-CDMA) system over quasi-static Rayleigh fading channels. The system considered employs robust space-time successive interference cancellation detectors and initial-phase optimized Gold codes for the improvement. The results clearly indicate that the use of initial-phase optimized Gold codes can significantly improve the BER performance of the system compared to the performance of a multiuser MIMO-CDMA system with conventional nonoptimized Gold codes. Furthermore, this performance improvement is achieved without any increase in system complexity.

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Tamura, S., S. Nakano, and K. Okazaki. "Optical code-multiplex transmission by gold sequences." Journal of Lightwave Technology 3, no. 1 (1985): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.1985.1074148.

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Tirschwell, David L., Walter A. Kukull, and W. T. Longstreth. "Classification of Stroke Cases in Administrative Data using ICD-9 Codes." Stroke 32, suppl_1 (January 2001): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.32.suppl_1.368-b.

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P161 Background: Using administrative data allows inexpensive evaluation of large patient datasets. An objection to such analyses is poor reliability of ICD-9 discharge codes and thus inaccurate case ascertainment. Objective: To identify reliable algorithms to classify stroke cases using ICD-9 discharge codes . Methods: From a population-based hospital discharge database with 20,803 cases, 206 medical records of probable stroke cases, from 3 community and 2 university hospitals, were randomly selected and abstracted. The gold standard was the medical record attending physician diagnosis with corroboration by a stroke neurologist (DLT). Results: Final gold standard diagnoses included 8 (4%) TIAs, 76 (37%) ischemic stroke, 47 (23%) intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), 58 (28%) subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and 17 (8%) no cerebrovascular event. Compared to algorithms that utilized either all possible or the first 2 ICD-9 discharge codes, an algorithm restricted to use of the first (principal) discharge code optimized specificity and positive predictive value (Table). Overall stroke classification based on the first discharge code showed substantial agreement with the gold standard (Kappa = 0.72, P < 0.0005). In the original 20,803 case database, the prevalence of ischemic stroke was 30%, ICH 4.6% and SAH 1.6%. Conclusions: An algorithm based on the principal ICD-9 discharge code can reliably identify and classify stroke cases. By optimizing specificity and positive predictive value, sensitivity is lost. Positive predictive value is influenced by prevalence.

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Zubarev, V. Yu, B. V. Ponomarenko, E. G. Shanin, and A. G. Vostretsov. "Formation of Minimax Ensembles of Aperiodic Gold Codes." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 23, no. 2 (April 28, 2020): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2020-23-2-26-37.

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Introduction. Signals constructed on the basis of ensembles of code sequences are widely used in digital communication systems. During development of such systems, the most attention is paid to analysis, synthesis and implementation of periodic signal ensembles. Theoretic methods for synthesis of periodic signal ensembles are developed and are in use. Considerably fewer results are received regarding construction of aperiodic signal ensembles with given properties. Theoretical methods for synthesis of such ensembles are practically nonexistent.Aim. To construct aperiodic Gold code ensembles with the best ratios of code length to ensemble volume among the most known binary codes.Materials and methods. Methods of directed search and discrete choice of the best ensemble based on unconditional preference criteria are used.Results. Full and truncated aperiodic Gold code ensembles with given length and ensemble volume were constructed. Parameters and shape of auto- and mutual correlation functions were shown for a number of constructed ensembles. Comparison of the paper results with known results for periodic Gold code ensembles has been conducted regarding growth of minimax correlation function values depending on code length and ensemble volume.Conclusion. The developed algorithms, unlike the known ones, make it possible to form both complete ensembles and ensembles taking into account the limitation of their volume. In addition, the algorithms can be extended to the tasks of forming ensembles from other families, for example, assembled from code sequences belonging to different families.

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Back, Sungyeol, Junseong Kim, Suyong Choi, and Wangrok Oh. "Mother Gold Code Family Selection Scheme for Concatenation and Truncation based Code Design." Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems 27, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 937–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5302/j.icros.2021.21.0077.

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Khairunnisa Yasmine, Arzalia, Nyoman Pramaita, and N. M. A. E. D. Wirastuti. "DESAIN SIMULASI PERFORMANSI KODE ORTHOGONAL GOLD PADA KANAL MULTIPATH FADING." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 9, no. 4 (December 19, 2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2022.v09.i04.p2.

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Improved wireless communication system generate the various advanced technologies, one of which is spread spectrum technique. This technique working by multiplying dots bits information which have a large period with spreading code that have a smaller periode, which makes bit periode will follow the code periode. In order to maximize performance of this technique, an efficient code is required to reduce the occurrence of interference. The purpose of this study was to see how the variation of multipath components affected the work of the orthogonal gold code. This study compares BER vs. Eb/No for multipath components 10, 15, and 20 using code length 32, 8 users, and BPSK modulation. The multipath component 10 exhibits the best BER value, which is impacted by the degree of interference indicated by the size of the ACF value. and CCF on a non-zero shift.

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Krim, Mohamed, Adda Ali-Pacha, and Naima Hadj-Said. "New Binary Code Combined with New Chaotic Map and Gold Code to Ameliorate the Quality of the Transmission." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v5.i1.pp166-180.

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<p>While the private radio communications field has grown in recent years, the communication method known as spread spectrum name has gained much prominence. A spread spectrum method can be combined with multiple access method CDMA for dividing sequences to create multi-user communication systems with very good performance of interference between symbols.The production of the chaotic sequence in scanning system and the information system according to DS-CDMA remains a hot research problem in this study to supervise in the knowledge wireless communication. This fact is still a question in establishing the secret code random spread sequence between the transmitter and the receiver.In DS-SS’s spreading is important to embed security information.It can avoid many problems in the complex calculation of the true circle. Furthermore the pseudo chaotic is reconstructed in the conventional gold to change shape with the logical operator “XOR” the results in simulation result shows in progress.It improves also the computing speed as this can solve the new equation of the problem in the original logistic map.There certainly has a kind in design: spreading chaotic sequence, chaos with gold code; including the number of users.So these are less in number and also limit the security and to can improve the ameliorate the quality of the transmissionand performance in terms of allowable number of users.The Bit error rate (BER) performance of the system is evaluated in multi-user environment under AWGN and reveals that the DS-SS system using new binary code combined with new logistic mapand gold code to ameliorate the quality of the transmission.</p>

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Whalen, Terence. "The Code for Gold: Edgar Allan Poe and Cryptography." Representations 46, no. 1 (April 1994): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.1994.46.1.99p0220m.

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Whalen, Terence. "The Code for Gold: Edgar Allan Poe and Cryptography." Representations 46 (1994): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2928778.

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Kuo, C. J., and H. B. Rigas. "2-D quasi m-arrays and Gold code arrays." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 37, no. 2 (March 1991): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/18.75260.

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Mandal, Ashis Kumar. "All-optical TOAD-based Manchester and Gold code generators." Journal of Optics 48, no. 3 (August 16, 2019): 442–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12596-019-00557-7.

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Yang, Jian Hua. "Nitrogen Concentration in N-Implanted Gold on the Formation of Gold Nitride." Advanced Materials Research 413 (December 2011): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.413.195.

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Although gold nitride has been produced by Siller and co-workers by irradiating a gold film with low energy nitrogen ions, the unsuccessful reason for previous attempts to produce gold nitride is not clear yet. In general, nitrogen concentration depth profile probably influences gold nitride formation. But it is difficult to measure nitrogen concentration depth profile in the N-implanted layer at a low implantation energy of 500 eV. Ion concentration depth profiles in amorphous solids can be determined rather accurately in the case of low implantation fluences using TRIM code. The sputtering effect of ion implantation of high fluences on the concentration depth profile of implanted nitrogen ions should be considered. A dynamic computer simulation based on a TRIDYN code has been applied to calculate nitrogen concentration depth profile in a N-implanted gold film using the different parameters of the fluence and energy in the present work. The sputtering effect of a high fluence on the concentration depth profile can be considered in the TRIDYN simulation. The parameters of fluence and energy that enable to get the gold nitride in thin film are analyzed based on the simulation results. It is put forward some possible ways to improve the formation of gold nitride further.

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Kuznetsov, A. A., O. A. Smirnov, and T. Y. Kuznetsova. "Noise-like discrete signals for asynchronous code division radio systems." Radiotekhnika, no. 205 (July 2, 2021): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/rt.2021.2.205.19.

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This article discusses noise-like discrete signals (pseudo-random sequences) for asynchronous code division systems for radio channels. Asynchrony implies the use of sequences that are statistically uncorrelated for an arbitrary cyclically shifted copy of the signals, i.e. their cross-correlation coefficient for arbitrarily chosen starting points is close to zero. The fundamental theoretical limit for this characteristic is the well-known Welch boundary. In this paper, we compare the correlation properties of various sets (Gold codes, Kasami sequences, etc.) with this fundamental limit. The parameters of different codes are estimated, the corresponding bound is shown and compared with the real correlation characteristics of the codes. For the approximation, the Laurent series expansion and the Puiseau series were used. The asymptotic properties were also estimated. The paper also considers new ensembles of noise-like discrete signals for asynchronous systems. These codes are statistically uncorrelated, asymptotically the square of their cross-correlation for arbitrary starting points tends to the theoretical Welch bound. Moreover, the cardinality (power of the set) of new signal ensembles is much higher than that of Gold codes and Kasami sets. Consequently, the practical use of such noise-like discrete signals will increase the capacity of asynchronous code division systems for radio channels and reduce the cost of communication services. In addition, new sets of spreading signals will be useful for the implementation of the so-called. soft capacity, i.e. when, if necessary, the base station can increase the subscriber capacity with a slight decrease in the quality of service.

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Takahashi, Sayumi, Taku Obara, Yoichi Kakuta, Yusuke Shimoyama, Takeo Naito, Rintaro Moroi, Masatake Kuroha, Hisashi Shiga, Yoshitaka Kinouchi, and Atsushi Masamune. "Validity of Diagnostic Algorithms for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Japanese Hospital Claims Data." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13 (June 28, 2022): 7933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137933.

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) diagnoses are increasing in Japan. Some patients have symptoms that are difficult to control, and further research on IBD is needed. Claims databases, which have a large sample size, can be useful for IBD research. However, it is unclear whether the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes alone can correctly identify IBD. We aimed to develop algorithms to identify IBD in claims databases. We used claims data from the Department of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Hospital from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2020. We developed 11 algorithms by combining the ICD-10 code, prescription drug, and workup information. We had access to the database which contains all the information for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients who visited our department, and we used it as the gold standard. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value for each algorithm. We enrolled 19,384 patients, and among them, 1012 IBD patients were identified in the gold standard database. Among 11 algorithms, Algorithm 4 (ICD-10 code and ≥1 prescription drugs) showed a strong performance (PPV, 94.8%; sensitivity, 75.6%). The combination of an ICD-10 code and prescription drugs may be useful for identifying IBD among claims data.

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Varku, Shachi, Swetha A, Sharanya S. Konandur, Dileep D, and Aklpita L. Kulkarni. "SPS Gold Code Generation and Implementation for IRNSS User Receiver." International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications 07, no. 05 (May 2017): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/9622-0705034853.

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Roifman, Idan, Feng Qiu, Kim A. Connelly, Graham A. Wright, Michael Farkouh, Laura Jimenez-Juan, and Harindra C. Wijeysundera. "Validation of billing code combinations to identify cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging scans in Ontario, Canada: a retrospective cohort study." BMJ Open 8, no. 10 (October 2018): e021370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021370.

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ObjectivesCardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is the gold-standard test for the assessment of heart function. Despite its importance, many jurisdictions lack specific billing codes that can be used to identify patient receipt of CMR in administrative databases, limiting the ability to perform ‘big data’ CMR studies. Our objective was to identify the optimal billing code combination to identify patients who underwent CMR using administrative data in Ontario.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingQuaternary care academic referral centre in Ontario, Canada.ParticipantsWe tested all billing code combinations in order to identify the optimal one to determine receipt of CMR. The reference gold standard was a list of all cardiothoracic magnetic resonance scans performed at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2016, verified by chart audit. We assessed the diagnostic performance (accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value) for all code combinations.ResultsOur gold-standard cohort consisted of 2339 thoracic MRIs that were performed at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2016. Of these, 2139 (91.5%) were CMRs and 200 (8.5%) were chest MRIs. We identified the most accurate billing combination for the determination of patient receipt of CMR. This combination resulted in an accuracy of 95.3% (95% CI 94.4% to 96.2%), sensitivity of 97.4% (95% CI 96.6% to 98.1%), specificity of 86.4% (95% CI 83.1% to 89.6%), positive predictive value of 96.9% (95% CI 96.1% to 97.6%) and negative predictive value of 88.4% (95% CI 85.4% to 91.5%).ConclusionsOur study is the first to verify the ability to accurately identify patient receipt of CMR using administrative data, facilitating more robust population-based CMR studies in the future.

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Hines, John. "Units of Account in Gold and Silver in Seventh-Century England:Scillingas, SceattasandPæningas." Antiquaries Journal 90 (September 2010): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581510000089.

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AbstractThe seventh-century vernacular laws from the kingdoms of Kent and Wessex specify fines or compensation payments using units of account that have given us familiar terms in the numismatics of this period:scillingas(shillings),sceattasandpæningas(pennies). In light of the use of cognate words in Gothic and Old High German, and the comparative values given in the Old English law-codes themselves and in the fifth-century Theodosian Code, it is suggested that these represent a regular and durable bimetallic system correlating values in gold and silver. This proposition is examined further against the evidence of weighing-sets from sixth- and early seventh-century Anglo-Saxon graves, and it is argued that the results give greater and more precise meaning to the use of gold and silver in Early Anglo-Saxon artefacts, such as the great gold buckle from Mound 1 at Sutton Hoo, Suffolk.

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Niederer, Steven A., Eric Kerfoot, Alan P. Benson, Miguel O. Bernabeu, Olivier Bernus, Chris Bradley, Elizabeth M. Cherry, et al. "Verification of cardiac tissue electrophysiology simulators using an N -version benchmark." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 369, no. 1954 (November 13, 2011): 4331–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0139.

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Ongoing developments in cardiac modelling have resulted, in particular, in the development of advanced and increasingly complex computational frameworks for simulating cardiac tissue electrophysiology. The goal of these simulations is often to represent the detailed physiology and pathologies of the heart using codes that exploit the computational potential of high-performance computing architectures. These developments have rapidly progressed the simulation capacity of cardiac virtual physiological human style models; however, they have also made it increasingly challenging to verify that a given code provides a faithful representation of the purported governing equations and corresponding solution techniques. This study provides the first cardiac tissue electrophysiology simulation benchmark to allow these codes to be verified. The benchmark was successfully evaluated on 11 simulation platforms to generate a consensus gold-standard converged solution. The benchmark definition in combination with the gold-standard solution can now be used to verify new simulation codes and numerical methods in the future.

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ADENIYI, KIKELOMO O., and TAYE A. KEHINDE. "Code Shifting or Code Switching as a Style in Simi’s and Adekunle Gold's Songs." International Journal of Linguistics Studies 2, no. 2 (April 8, 2022): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2022.2.2.1.

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Adekunle Kòsọ́kọ́ and Sìmisola Kòsọ́kọ́ (nee Ogunleye) are married singers, both born and bred in Lagos known by the stage names Kunle Gold and Simi respectively. They are among a group of young, popular, and successful songwriters, composers, and singers. Their music has gained the hearts of Nigerian people, especially the youth. The focus of this paper is to examine critically how they make use of code-switching or code-shifting in their respective music as a 'style' in order to differentiate their songs and also to make a unique identity. It is observed that they alternate between two or more languages to pass information to the target audience in order to showcase their fluency in the languages hence showing their level of literacy and flexibility. The data for analysis and discussion are songs from ‘Duduke’, ‘Sade’, ‘No forget me’, 'Selense’, ‘Promise Me’, and ‘Joromi’. Sociology Theory is used to drive home the point of discussion to reflect the effect of the songs on society.

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Baassiri, H., T. Varghese, M. Columbus, K. Clemens, and J. Yan. "P135: Administrative codes for heat illness: a validation study in Ontario, Canada." CJEM 22, S1 (May 2020): S113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2020.339.

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Introduction: Extreme heat events due to climate change are becoming increasingly frequent and severe, and may have an impact on human health. Administrative database studies using International Classification of Diseases 10th revision codes (ICD-10) are powerful tools to measure the burden of acute heat illness (AHI) in Canada. We aimed to assess the validity of the coding algorithm for emergency department (ED) encounters for AHI in our region. Methods: Two independent reviewers retrospectively abstracted data from 507 medical records of patients presenting at two EDs in Ontario between May-September 2015-2018. The Gold Standard definition of an AHI is chart-documented heat exposure with a heat related complaint, such as syncope while working outdoors on a hot day. To determine ICD coding algorithm positive predictive value (PPV), records that were previously coded as ICD-10 heat illnesses were compared to the Gold Standard for AHI. To determine sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp) and negative predictive values (NPV), the Gold Standard was compared to randomly selected records. A total of 326,702 ED visits were included in study period with 208 having an ICD-10 code related to heat illness. Sample size calculation demonstrated a need to manually review 62 previously coded heat illnesses and 931 random cases, of which 50 and 474 have been reviewed, respectively. In both abstractions, 20% of cases underwent a blinded duplicate review. Results: In our review of 474 random records, 2 cases were identified as AHI but without an appropriate ICD-10 code, 445 were not AHIs, and no cases had been identified as having an AHI ICD-10 inappropriately applied. In our review of 50 previously coded heat illnesses, 34 were found to be appropriately coded and 16 inappropriately coded, as AHI ICD-10. Average patient age and gender of heat illness vs non-heat illness ED presentations were 32 and 48 years of age and 49% and 64% male, respectively. The leading complaint in AHI was heat stroke/exhaustion (39%), followed by headaches (15%), dizziness (9%), shortness of breath (9%) and syncope/presyncope (6%). 76% of all heat illness presentations presented following a period of physical exertion. Conclusion: Final calculation of Sn, Sp, PPV, NPV for the algorithm will occur upon completion of the review. Preliminary results suggest that ICD-10 coding for AHI may be applied correctly in the ED. This study will help to determine if administrative data can accurately be used to measure the burden of heat illness in Canada.

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Rocha, Rodolfo V., Mohammed Al-Omran, Mohamad A. Hussain, Douglas S. Lee, Thomas L. Forbes, Thomas F. Lindsay, and Maral Ouzounian. "Validation of endovascular and open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair in Ontario health administrative databases." Clinical and Investigative Medicine 42, no. 2 (June 23, 2019): E19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v42i2.32812.

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Purpose: The positive predictive value (PPV) of endovascular and open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair coding was assessed in Ontario health administrative databases. Methods: Between 1 January 2006 and 31 March 2016, a random sample of 192 patients was identified using Canadian Classification of Health Intervention (CCI) procedure codes and Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) billing codes from administrative data. Blinded chart reviews were conducted at two cardiovascular centers to assess the level of agreement between the administrative records and the corresponding patients’ hospital charts. The PPV was calculated with 95% confidence intervals using hospital charts as the gold standard. Results: The PPV for the single endovascular TAAA repair code, 1ID80GQNRN, was 0.90 (0.78, 0.97). A combination of all nine CCI open TAAA repair codes was performed, with a PPV of 0.62 (0.47, 0.76). The combination of any one of the nine CCI codes AND the single OHIP code for open TAAA repair (R803) rendered a PPV of 0.98 (0.90, 1.00). Conclusions: Endovascular TAAA repair may be identified using a single CCI code (1ID80GQNRN). Open TAAA repair may be identified using a combination of CCI and OHIP codes. Researchers may therefore use administrative data to conduct population-based studies of endovascular and open repair of TAAA.

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Cho, M. S., K. Matsuo, S. Fujioka, S. J. Hahn, B. I. Cho, and H. K. Chung. "Opacity calculation for aluminum, iron, and gold plasmas using FLYCHK code." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 257 (December 2020): 107369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.107369.

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Wang, Zidong, Longhua Tang, Li Huey Tan, Jinghong Li, and Yi Lu. "Discovery of the DNA “Genetic Code” for Abiological Gold Nanoparticle Morphologies." Angewandte Chemie 124, no. 36 (August 2, 2012): 9212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201203716.

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Wang, Zidong, Longhua Tang, Li Huey Tan, Jinghong Li, and Yi Lu. "Discovery of the DNA “Genetic Code” for Abiological Gold Nanoparticle Morphologies." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 51, no. 36 (August 2, 2012): 9078–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201203716.

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A, Hemalatha, and CSBR Prasad. "Correlation of Fine Needle Aspiration of Breast Lesions (IAC categories) with histopathology and emphasis on code 3 and 4." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 08, no. 3 (September 15, 2018): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.58739/jcbs/v08i3.2.

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Context: Fine needle aspiration is one of the most important diagnostic modalities used in triaging of breast lesions. Recent recommendations by international academy of cytologists have suggested a com-prehensive and standardised approach to breast cytology using 5 tier coding system (Code 1 – Code 5). Ob-jectives: To reclassify the previous fine needle aspiration cytology of breast according to IAC recommenda-tions and compare them with histological outcome and assess the diagnostic value of cytological diagnosis of Code 3 and Code 4 (C3 and C4) in predicting the benign and malignant cases confirmed on histopatholo-gy. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study done in the cytology section of department of pathology from January 2016 to April 2017. Institutional ethical clearance was taken before start of study. All cytology cases were rescreened and categorized into codes 1 to 5. Sixty seven cases were included in the study. His-topathological diagnosis was considered as gold standard. Corresponding histopathology details and slides whenever available were retrieved, analysed and documented. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics and Chi square test was applied Results: Out of sixty seven cases included in our study, maximum number belonged to code 2. All cases diagnosed as code 2 were diagnosed as benign, while one case of code 5 was misdiagnosed as malignant, inspite of being hyperplastic lesion. Ability of code 3, code 4 in differentiating benign and malignant lesions was statistically significant. (p<0.05) Conclusion: IAC coding format of breast helps in triaging of benign and malignant cases, Code 3 and Code 4 have varying possibility of being malig-nant. Key-words: Breast cytology, Coding, C3 and C4 categories

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Konan, Gülay Günday, and Leyla Özdemir. "Energies and electric dipole transitions for sodium-like gold." Canadian Journal of Physics 94, no. 11 (November 2016): 1167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2015-0805.

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We have reported energies and electric dipole transition parameters, such as transition probabilities, oscillator strengths, line strengths, and wavelengths for Na-like gold (Au68+, Z = 79) using AUTOSTRUCTURE atomic code. Calculations include Breit and QED contributions besides correlation effects. A few of the results have been compared with available theoretical and experimental results in the literature. Our atomic structure data for sodium-like gold are in good agreement with others. Also we have presented new results for electric dipole transitions in sodium-like gold.

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Rahmadhani, Alif, Desi Arintawati, and Ratini Setyowati. "THE PHENOMENON OF CODE-MIXING ON YOUTUBE CASTER OF CLARA MONGSTAR AND RANGER EMAS." FRASA: English Education and Literature Journal 2, no. 2 (September 27, 2021): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47701/frasa.v2i2.2068.

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This research on Code-Mixing focuses on language development in the Clara Mongstar and Gold Ranger YouTube videos. The data from this research is the YouTube video of Clara Mongstar and the Gold Ranger in 2020. In addition, the purpose of this research is to find out the use of the language on Youtube. The data collection technique used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Meanwhile, the results found were in the form of the audience's language style from the video they watched. It was found that there were several types of codemixing used by Clara Mongstar in its implementation.

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Wagh, Abhimanyu, Shreyas Shetty, Adrian Soman, and Prof Deepali Maste. "Gold Price Prediction System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 2843–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41623.

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Abstract: This paper aims to promote the use of the LSTM, random forest Regression & Linear Regression algorithm to predict stock prices of India and to compare their accuracy. These are machine learning algorithms used for historical real-time gold prices. The Historical Gold data we made with reference of www.goldpriceindia.com. The full source code of the project was written via Python. It is thought that the LSTM model are more compatible than the Linear Regression and Random Forest model for the Gold price Prediction forecasting model. Gold is a valuable metal and has been historically owned and traded as an asset /commodity. The price of Gold is often a derivative of the investor’s sentiment and perception of other asset classes (real estate, equities, commodities, futures and cash equivalents) as Gold has very little fundamentals of its own. Our project is aimed at studying the relationship between gold price, selected economies and various market variables to try and accurately predict the future price of gold using Machine Learning algorithms. Keywords: Machine Learning LSTM, Random Forest, Linear Regression, Gold , Prediction, Time Series, Historical Data, Python , TensorFlow.

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Lille, Harri, Jakub Kõo, Alexander Ryabchikov, Renno Reitsnik, Renno Veinthal, Valdek Mikli, and Fjodor Sergejev. "Investigation of Residual Stresses and some Elastic Properties of Brush-Plated Gold and Silver Galvanic Coatings." Key Engineering Materials 527 (November 2012): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.527.125.

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Nickel-hardened gold and silver coatings were brush-plated from a commercial SIFCO Dalic Solution (Gold Hard Alloy), Code SPS 5370, and Silver Hard Heavy Build, Code SPS 3080, on unclosed thin-walled copper ring substrates. To determine residual stresses, the conventional curvature method (common among the electrodeposition methods) was applied, where the substrate was coated with certain thickness and then the slit increment (bending deflection) of the substrate was measured as an experimental parameter. Residual stresses on gold coatings were also determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) based on the sin2 method. The values of residual stresses determined by the curvature method and by the XRD technique were comparable. Relaxation of residual stresses was observed. An equation for approximation of the change of residual stresses was applied assuming that the dependence of residual stresses on relaxation time is linear-fractional. The surface morphology and microstructure of the coatings was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The magnitudes of the modulus of elasticity and of the nanohardness of the coatings were obtained by instrumented indentation.

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Nyanza, Elias C., Petro Yohana, Deborah S. K. Thomas, Wilfreda E. Thurston, Eveline Konje, and Deborah Dewey. "Knowledge of and Adherence to the Cyanide Code Among Small-scale Gold Miners in Northern Tanzania." Journal of Health and Pollution 7, no. 14 (June 1, 2017): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-7.14.4.

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Background. Tanzania has seen explosive development in small scale gold mining (SGM) operations. Recently, the use of cyanide has become more common in SGM, especially in the reprocessing of mercury-amalgamated tailings from artisanal mining sites. Objectives. The primary objective of this study was to examine the level of knowledge and adherence to the Cyanide Code among workers and managers at SGM operations in northwestern Tanzania that use cyanide for gold extraction, focusing on workers' safety. Methods. A cross-sectional study of workers and managers at 17 selected SGM sites was conducted. A random-cluster approach was used to recruit 215 mine workers and 23 mine managers who worked at the same sites for more than three months. Individuals participated in structured face-to-face interviews. Site evaluation checklists were also administered to assess adherence. Results. The majority of the SGM workers (61.4%, n=132) were not aware of the Cyanide Code. Among the mine managers, 64.2% (n=15) were aware of the Cyanide Code. Fifty-four percent of workers and 39.1% of managers did not adhere to the Cyanide Code. Workers who reported being trained on the Cyanide Code were significantly more likely to have knowledge about the Cyanide Code guidelines compared to untrained workers (adjusted odds ratio =20.3, confidence interval: 7.5 – 54.8). Discussion. Wide variations in knowledge of and adherence to the Cyanide Code were found. A manager's knowledge of Cyanide Code was significantly associated with workers' knowledge. High worker and manager knowledge was associated with increased site safety performance. Even though all the SGM sites were physically visited, some potentially hazardous practices may not have been revealed by managers and workers because of fear of possible regulatory actions due to disclosure of concerns related to their operation's safety compliance. Conclusions. The limited knowledge of the Cyanide Code among workers and managers, combined with poor adherence to cyanide waste management practices, indicates that there is a need for education, health promotion and sensitization among workers and managers to improve worker safety and minimize environmental health impacts. Participant Consent: Obtained Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests. Ethics Approval: Ethical approval was obtained from the Conjoint Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences and Bugando Medical Centre Research Review and Ethics Committee (Ref. BREC/001/35/2014). Permission to conduct research in Geita District was obtained from the respective authorities at the regional and district levels and from owners of the SGM sites.

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Zainul Halim, Muhamad, Nyoman Pramaita, and Pande Ketut Sudiarta. "SIMULASI KINERJA GOLD CODE PADA SISTEM KOMUNIKASI DIRECT SEQUENCE SPREAD SPECTRUM (DSSS) MELALUI KANAL MULTIPATH FADING." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 8, no. 2 (July 12, 2021): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2021.v08.i02.p29.

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The communication channel cannot be separated from noise, interference and fading.To minimize mutual interference, you can use a scatter code. This research uses Gold Codewith a code length of 31. This simulation aims to determine the effect of the number of multipathcomponents on the Gold Code performance of multipath fading channels. This simulation usesdigital modulation, namely BPSK (Binary Phase Shift Keying). In the simulation of flat fadingchannel with 1 multipath component number, the results of the comparison of simulated BERwith theoretical BER are almost the same so that the simulation results can be said to be validand can be used on selective fading channels. In the simulation of frequency selective fadingchannels with variations of multipath components have different values, this happens due tointerference. In this simulation, the number of multipath 27 components that have the mostdisruptive signals results in the worst performance. In multi-user cross-correlation, it has poorperformance, seen from the cross-correlation function, where the correlation value of user 1with 2, 3 and 4 is more than 0, this value indicates the user is being interfered with by otherusers.

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Benredjem, D., A. Calisti, G. Mondet, J. C. Pain, and F. Gilleron. "Radiative power losses and opacity calculations in fusion plasmas1This article is part of a Special Issue on the 10th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas." Canadian Journal of Physics 89, no. 5 (May 2011): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p11-031.

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We present recent results on radiative power losses of carbon and gold ions in fusion plasmas. Our approach is based on a detailed calculation, where the atomic database is provided by the MCDF code. A lineshape code, allowing for NLTE ionic populations, was adapted to the calculation of radiative power loss profiles. Because the calculation time is sometimes prohibitive, an alternative approach based on statistical distributions is proposed. This approach involves the first four moments of the radiative power losses. We have focused our attention on carbon and gold. The first element could be present in the ablator in some inertial confinement schemes. The second element is present in holraums and its X-ray emission contributes to the heating in inertial confinement fusion. Finally, opacity calculations are compared to measured transmission in aluminum ions.

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Dubberke, Erik R., Anne M. Butler, Deborah S. Yokoe, Jeanmarie Mayer, Bala Hota, Julie E. Mangino, Yosef M. Khan, et al. "Multicenter Study of Surveillance for Hospital-Onset Clostridium difficile Infection by the Use of ICD-9-CM Diagnosis Codes." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 31, no. 3 (March 2010): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/650447.

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Objective.To compare incidence of hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) measured by the use of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) discharge diagnosis codes with rates measured by the use of electronically available C. difficile toxin assay results.Methods.Cases of hospital-onset CDI were identified at 5 US hospitals during the period from July 2000 through June 2006 with the use of 2 surveillance definitions: positive toxin assay results (gold standard) and secondary ICD-9-CM discharge diagnosis codes for CDI. The x2 test was used to compare incidence, linear regression models were used to analyze trends, and the test of equality was used to compare slopes.Results.Of 8,670 cases of hospital-onset CDI, 38% were identified by the use of both toxin assay results and the ICD-9-CM code, 16% by the use of toxin assay results alone, and 45% by the use of the ICD-9-CM code alone. Nearly half (47%) of cases of CDI identified by the use of a secondary diagnosis code alone were community-onset CDI according to the results of the toxin assay. The rate of hospital-onset CDI found by use of ICD-9-CM codes was significantly higher than the rate found by use of toxin assay results overall (P<.001), as well as individually at 3 of the 5 hospitals (P<.001 for all). The agreement between toxin assay results and the presence of a secondary ICD-9-CM diagnosis code for CDI was moderate, with an overall k value of 0.509 and hospital-specific k values of 0.489–0.570. Overall, the annual increase in CDI incidence was significantly greater for rates determined by the use of ICD-9-CM codes than for rates determined by the use of toxin assay results (P = .006).Conclusions.Although the ICD-9-CM code for CDI seems to be adequate for measuring the overall CDI burden, use of the ICD-9-CM discharge diagnosis code for CDI, without present-on-admission code assignment, is not an acceptable surrogate for surveillance for hospital-onset CDI.

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khadka, Grishma, and Suk-Seung Hwang. "Performance Analysis of RFID Interference Suppression System Based on the Gold Code." Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences 8, no. 10 (October 31, 2013): 1491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.13067/jkiecs.2013.8.10.1491.

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V.Tamizhamuthu, Author, and Author R.Ramya. "Performance Enhancement of Improved Kbest Decoder using Gold Code for MIMO System." International Journal of Computer Applications 24, no. 3 (June 30, 2011): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/2928-3875.

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Minamoto, Yoshinori, Nobuaki Arai, Hiromichi Mitamura, Keiichi Unhid, Satoko S. Kimura, Kazushi Miyashita, Hokuto Shirakawa, Yuichi Tsuda, Takashi Kitagawa, and Minlee Yap. "An inter-individual communication biotelemetry system using Pseudo-random noise (Gold code)." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 140, no. 4 (October 2016): 3305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4970525.

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Benedetto, S., and G. Olmo. "Analysis of an optical code division multiple access scheme employing Gold sequences." IEE Proceedings I Communications, Speech and Vision 140, no. 3 (1993): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-i-2.1993.0032.

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AL-suhbani, M. N., N. E. H. Baghous, S. Serag, C. EL Mahjoub, L. Ait-Mlouk, A. Zia, B. Hamid, and M. Azougagh. "Investigation of Tissue Components Impacts on Dose Enhancement Factor Using Monte Carlo Code." Atom Indonesia 1, no. 1 (February 15, 2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.55981/aij.2024.1305.

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Despite the progress of science in cancer treatments and radiotherapy improvements, there are still several side effects that occur during tumors treatment, particularly on healthy tissues surrounded tumors. Newer treatment methods are being explored lately, one of which is the use of nanoparticles, wherein the tumor is injected with gold nanoparticles. Its aim is to enhance tumor sensitivity to radiation and reduce radiation damage to healthy tissues. Tissue type may play an effective role in enhancing the dose being received under the use of nanoparticles. This study aims to find the effect of different tissue components on dose enhancement factor through MCNP6 and GATE simulations, as well as to accurately compare the simulation results of these two code packages for dose enhancement factors. A 125I brachytherapy source was simulated in phantoms for five tissues or materials (adipose tissue, breast tissue, soft tissue, water, and brain tissue). MCNP6 simulation code was validated by comparing its results with a previous study by Cho et al. Gold nanoparticles were injected as a mixture at a concentration of 7 mg/g into tissues inside a tumor. MCNP6 and GATE simulation results were compared. It was estimated from MCNP simulations that the highest radiation dose enhancement of 2.34 occurs in adipose tissue while lowest dose enhancement of 1.69 is in brain. In comparison, from GATE results, the estimates were that the highest value of dose enhancement factor also occurred in adipose tissue at 2.01, and the lowest value in brain at 1.48. The comparison between two codes suggest that they are compatible with the percentage difference in all tissues being less than 15 %. This study confirms that both MCNP6 and GATE codes could calculate DEF for different tissues under irradiation from a low-energy source.

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Iwamoto, Nobuyuki, Shoji Nakamura, Atsushi Kimura, Tatsuya Katabuchi, Gerard Rovira, Kaoru, Y. Hara, and Osamu Iwamoto. "Evaluation of gamma-ray strength function based on measured gamma-ray pulse-height spectra in time-of-flight neutron capture experiments." EPJ Web of Conferences 239 (2020): 17016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023917016.

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In order to develop an evaluation method of gamma-ray strength function (GSF), neutron capture pulse-height (PH) spectrum of gold was employed, where it was measured with the NaI(Tl) spectrometer of AN-NRI installed at the Material and Life Science Experimental Facility in J-PARC. The neutron capture gamma-ray spectrum of gold was calculated using the nuclear reaction model code CCONE. In order to obtain the information on GSF from the measured data, a gamma-ray response function for the NaI(Tl) spectrometer was calculated by the Monte-Carlo particle-transport simulation code PHITS. As a result, the PH spectrum comparable with measured one was derived by applying the gamma-ray response function to the calculated gamma-ray spectrum. By evaluation with measured PH spectra, we obtained GSF which reasonably explains measured PH spectrum in the continuum region.

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Massicotte-Azarniouch, David, Manish M. Sood, Dean A. Fergusson, and Greg A. Knoll. "Validation of the International Classification of Disease 10th Revision Codes for Kidney Transplant Rejection and Failure." Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease 7 (January 2020): 205435812097739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2054358120977390.

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Background: Clinical research requires that diagnostic codes captured from routinely collected health administrative data accurately identify individuals with a disease. Objective: In this study, we validated the International Classification of Disease 10th Revision (ICD-10) definition for kidney transplant rejection (T86.100) and for kidney transplant failure (T86.101). Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: A large, regional transplantation center in Ontario, Canada. Patients: All adult kidney transplant recipients from 2002 to 2018. Measurements: Chart review was undertaken to identify the first occurrence of biopsy-confirmed rejection and graft loss for all participants. For each observation, we determined the first date a single ICD-10 code T86.100 or T86.101 was recorded as a hospital encounter discharge diagnosis. Methods: Using chart review as the gold standard, we determined the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) for the ICD-10 codes T86.100 and T86.101. Results: Our study population comprised of 1,258 kidney transplant recipients. The prevalence of rejection and death-censored graft loss were 15.6 and 9.1%, respectively. For the ICD-10 rejection code (T86.100), sensitivity was 72.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 66.6-79.2), specificity 97.5% (96.5-98.4), and PPV 83.8% (78.3-89.4). For the ICD-10 graft loss code (T86.101), sensitivity was 21.2% (95% CI, 13.2-29.3), specificity 86.3% (84.3-88.3), and PPV 11.7% (7.0-16.4). Limitations: Single-center study which may limit generalizability of our findings. Conclusions: A single ICD-10 code for kidney transplant rejection (T86.100) was present in 84% of true kidney transplant rejections and is an accurate way of identifying kidney transplant recipients with rejection using administrative health data. The ICD-10 code for graft failure (T86.101) performed poorly and should not be used for administrative health research.

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Huynh, Ngoc Han, and James C. L. Chow. "DNA Dosimetry with Gold Nanoparticle Irradiated by Proton Beams: A Monte Carlo Study on Dose Enhancement." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 17, 2021): 10856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210856.

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Heavy atom nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles, are proven effective radiosensitizers in radiotherapy to enhance the dose delivery for cancer treatment. This study investigated the effectiveness of cancer cell killing, involving gold nanoparticle in proton radiation, by changing the nanoparticle size, proton beam energy, and distance between the nanoparticle and DNA. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation (Geant4-DNA code) was used to determine the dose enhancement in terms of dose enhancement ratio (DER), when a gold nanoparticle is present with the DNA. With varying nanoparticle size (radius = 15–50 nm), distance between the gold nanoparticle and DNA (30–130 nm), as well as proton beam energy (0.5–25 MeV) based on the simulation model, our results showed that the DER value increases with a decrease of distance between the gold nanoparticle and DNA and a decrease of proton beam energy. The maximum DER (1.83) is achieved with a 25 nm-radius gold nanoparticle, irradiated by a 0.5 MeV proton beam and 30 nm away from the DNA.

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Devrari, Aakanksha, and Adesh Kumar. "Reconfigurable linear feedback shift register for wireless communication and coding." International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) 12, no. 2 (July 1, 2023): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v12.i2.pp195-204.

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<p>Linear feedback shift register (LFSR) is the basic building block of the communication system used in different coding, error detection and correction codes, such as gold, low-density parity check (LDPC), polar, and turbo codes. There are simple shift register-based n-bit counters with a few XOR gates that behave pseudo-randomly. The LFSR is used in chip hardware for high-speed operations, error control, and the generation of pseudo-random numbers. The hardware chip design and performance estimation of the LFSR is the problem for specific communication system. The motivation of the work is to generate the Gold code sequence by the integration of two LFSR. The article proposes the hardware chip design and simulation of two 5-bit LFSR modules used for the gold sequence generator applicable for the communication systems. The novelty of the work is that the design is scalable and can be extended based on the requirements of the systems which is synthesized and experimentally verified on the Zynq-7000 field programmable gate array (FPGA) board. The concept of this design is programmable and can be extended to n-bit based on the applications. The work is supported, and formulated using very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL) programming in Xilinx ISE 14.7 software.</p>

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Kandel, Christopher, Richard Jenkinson, Roderick Davey, Jessica Widdifield, Bettina Hansen, Matthew P. Muller, Nick Daneman, and Allison McGeer. "2442. Detection of Prosthetic Hip and Knee Joint Infections Using Administrative Databases – A Validation Study." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2120.

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Abstract Background Forming large cohorts to study prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) is a challenge without an existing surgical registry, as is the case in Canada. Administrative databases are an option, yet PJI diagnostic codes are insensitive. There is a need to improve the detection of PJIs from within administrative databases. Methods Individuals who had a primary arthroplasty at four hospitals in Toronto, Canada from 2010 to 2016 were identified using Canadian Classification of Health Intervention codes (based on the International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision). Each re-admission to the same hospital until December 31, 2016 was reviewed for the presence of a PJI. The performance characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values) of combinations of diagnostic and procedure codes when compared with the gold standard of chart review were calculated. The primary outcome was the algorithm that maximized sensitivity and positive predictive value. Results 27,843 primary arthroplasties were performed with 8595 readmissions, of which 572 involved a PJI. Median follow-up was 1258 days (interquartile range (IQR) 614–1891 days), with median time to first re-admission of 352 days (IQR range 166–725 days). PJI codes exhibited a sensitivity of 0.86 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.83–0.89) and positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.89 (95% CI 0.86–0.92). The best performing algorithm is a combination of a PJI code or joint spacer insertion procedure code or insertion of a peripherally inserted central catheter along with an arthroplasty code (sensitivity 0.90, 95% CI 0.88–0.93 and PPV 0.89, 95% CI 0.86–0.91). Using timing from primary arthroplasty, spacer insertion codes and presence of a subsequent arthroplasty procedure code identified 68% (71/105) of first stage and 74% (108/146) of debridement with joint retention procedures during the first re-admission for a PJI. Conclusion Combinations of diagnosis and procedure codes can reliably identify PJIs from administrative databases. Individual orthopaedic procedure codes and timing from primary arthroplasty can inform the surgical procedure performed. This PJI detection algorithm could be used for PJI surveillance and research. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Wang, Yukang, Yue Liu, Haozhe Cai, Jia Wang, and Xiaoping Zhou. "An Automated Fire Code Compliance Checking Jointly Using Building Information Models and Natural Language Processing." Fire 6, no. 9 (September 13, 2023): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire6090358.

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Fire checking is indispensable for guaranteeing the fire safety of buildings as it reviews the compliance of the building with fire codes and regulations. Automated Compliance Checking (ACC) systems that check building data utilizing Building Information Modeling (BIM) against fire codes have emerged as an active field of research. Substantial efforts have focused on analyzing the properties of the building components. However, the analysis of the spatial geometric relationships of building components has received inadequate attention. The present study proposes a novel ACC system leveraging Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to review the spatial geometric relationships of building components in BIM models. First, a framework for a BIM-based ACC system is delineated and decomposes ACC into three constituent subtasks: building model parsing, code knowledge translation, and compliance check result reporting. Second, an approach for structured processing of spatial geometric stipulations in fire codes using NLP is presented to review the geometric relationships between components in building models. Finally, the system’s performance is assessed by testing fire code compliance across various building types utilizing BIM models. The empirical findings demonstrate that the system achieves superior recall compared with the manually formulated gold standard, with the ACC system enabling quick, accurate, and comprehensive automated compliance checking.

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Guimarães, Glendo de Freitas, Agliberto Melo Bastos, Alisson da Conceição Ferreira, Alex Sander Barros Queiroz, José Wally Mendonça Menezes, José Rubens Rodrigues de Sousa, and Antonio Sergio Bezerra Sombra. "Analysis of the Performance of Optical Code-Division Multiple-Access System (OCDMA), Operating with Gold Codes under Nonlinear Effects." Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 05, no. 02 (2013): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jemaa.2013.52008.

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Kim, Seung-tae, Kap-jin Kim, Ki-won Song, and Jae-min Ahn. "Selection Technique of Maximum Correlation Power Limited Gold Code Set of Limited Length." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 44, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 629–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2019.44.4.629.

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Hardy, Flavien, Johannes Heyl, Katie Tucker, Adrian Hopper, Maria J. Marchã, Tim W. R. Briggs, Jeremy Yates, et al. "Data consistency in the English Hospital Episodes Statistics database." BMJ Health & Care Informatics Online 29, no. 1 (October 2022): e100633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjhci-2022-100633.

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BackgroundTo gain maximum insight from large administrative healthcare datasets it is important to understand their data quality. Although a gold standard against which to assess criterion validity rarely exists for such datasets, internal consistency can be evaluated. We aimed to identify inconsistencies in the recording of mandatory International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, tenth revision (ICD-10) codes within the Hospital Episodes Statistics dataset in England.MethodsThree exemplar medical conditions where recording is mandatory once diagnosed were chosen: autism, type II diabetes mellitus and Parkinson’s disease dementia. We identified the first occurrence of the condition ICD-10 code for a patient during the period April 2013 to March 2021 and in subsequent hospital spells. We designed and trained random forest classifiers to identify variables strongly associated with recording inconsistencies.ResultsFor autism, diabetes and Parkinson’s disease dementia respectively, 43.7%, 8.6% and 31.2% of subsequent spells had inconsistencies. Coding inconsistencies were highly correlated with non-coding of an underlying condition, a change in hospital trust and greater time between the spell with the first coded diagnosis and the subsequent spell. For patients with diabetes or Parkinson’s disease dementia, the code recording for spells without an overnight stay were found to have a higher rate of inconsistencies.ConclusionsData inconsistencies are relatively common for the three conditions considered. Where these mandatory diagnoses are not recorded in administrative datasets, and where clinical decisions are made based on such data, there is potential for this to impact patient care.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Code de Gold'

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