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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Code of Canon Law

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Academic literature on the topic 'Code of Canon Law'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Code of Canon Law"

1

Campbell, James. "The Use of the Term ‘Pastoral’ in the 1983 Code of Canon Law with Reference to the 1917 Code." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 20, no. 2 (May 2018): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x18000054.

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This article compares the use of the term ‘pastoral’ in the canon law of the Western Latin Church as it occurred in the 1917 Pio-Benedictine Code of Canon Law and then in the revised Code of 1983. This is because the revised Code increased the use of the term ‘pastoral’ and I wish to see if its meaning had changed and, if so, in what way. Hence, the article considers how ‘pastoral’ occurred in the 1917 Code and then in the equivalent canons in the 1983 Code. There follows comparison with the earlier canons, which were sources for the 1983 canons to see if the term has changed in meaning and, if so, what that change is. I am interested to track the use of ‘pastoral’ because it has become ubiquitous in the churches and in society and has different meanings and expectations associated with it. As far as canon law and ecclesiastical law generally are concerned, it is interesting to consider how the term is used and this article is a contribution to an understanding of ‘pastoral’ in the law of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Petrak, Marko. "Kanonsko pravo i hrvatski pravni sustav (II). Codex Iuris Canonici i suvremeno hrvatsko pravo." Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta u Zagrebu 70, no. 5 (November 24, 2020): 675–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3935/zpfz.70.5.04.

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This article analyzes the relationship between canon law as the legal system of the Catholic Church, to which a majority of Croatian citizens belong, and the Croatian legal system, focusing on the issue of canon law (ius canonicum) as a source of law in the Croatian legal system on the basis of concordatarian law (ius concordatarium), i.e. the four international treaties between the Holy See and the Republic of Croatia. As regards canon law, in this contribution the author takes into account only its most important source: the Code of Canon Law (Codex Iuris Canonici – CIC) of 1983, the undoubtedly most important codification of religious law in the world. Following the systematization of CIC into seven books, the author highlights particular provisions of the said treaties, which introduced into the Croatian legal system a series of institutes and provisions of canon law as binding normative contents. In addition, the author concludes that the Code represents a relevant conceptual and normative common framework for all provisions of the international treaties between the Holy See and the Republic of Croatia based on canon law or its institutes. To be more precise, a closer analysis of the provisions of the treaties between the Holy See and the Republic of Croatia leads to the conclusion that CIC has, in its totality, become a relevant source of law in the Croatian legal system. The author also refers to relevant Croatian scholarly literature on canon law, and in particular to the case-law of Croatian state courts which involves the application of certain canons of the Code, pointing out good examples of such application, and providing a critical view of particular cases in which, in the author's opinion, the courts made certain errors in the interpretation and application of some aspects of canon law. Finally, the research suggests that the significance of canon law, particularly Codex iuris canonici as its primary source, in the Croatian legal system is undoubtedly increasing, which is why its deeper understanding both by legal doctrine and by the legal practice is becoming a necessity.

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McDermott, Rose. "Code of Canon Law Annotated." Jurist: Studies in Church Law and Ministry 67, no. 1 (2007): 268–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jur.2007.0024.

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Arent, Olga. "PORWANIE LUB PRZETRZYMYWANIE DLA OKUPU WEDŁUG KODEKSU KANONÓW KOŚCIOŁÓW WSCHODNICH Z 1990 ROKU." Civitas et Lex 4, no. 4 (December 30, 2014): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/cetl.2026.

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Subject of this article is the legal research on crime of kidnapping or hostage- keeping forransom in jurisdiction of Code of Canons of Oriental Churches. Dogmatic and legal analysis ofnorms of the present code shows that can. 1445 and can. 1451 CCEO of 1990, alike can. 1370and can. 1397 Code of Canon Law (CIC of 1983), provide the possibility to punish perpetratorsof kidnapping or hostage – keeping for ransom of cleric persons, as well as any other person.Regarding this crime, penal sanctions upon CCEO of 1990 are heavier than these, which can beordered based on CIC of 1983.Aside from mentioned offences, Canon Law of Oriental Churches penalizes physical or psychicaltortures, so offender who kidnap or keep hostages with tortures will be liable for this crime.According to Canon Code of Oriental Churches, solely the court can order penalties, so likewisein polish penal law. However, due to specific ecclesiastic community, the nature of penal sanctionsis spiritual.

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Orczykowski, Andrzej. "Problemy migracji w Kodeksie Kanonów Kościołów Wschodnich." Prawo Kanoniczne 50, no. 1-2 (June 15, 2007): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.2007.50.1-2.07.

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The Code of Canon Law of the Eastern Catholic Churches - as a basic statute book - took up the issues that arose due to the phenomenon of modern migration. However, the practical application of these basic statutes is left to the discretion of individual Eastern Churches. The Code contains not only a description of the phenomenon of migration and its problems; it also insists on official status for the faithful in their churches which are sui iuris. This can be seen in the individual canons in which the legislator tries to integrate the migrants while respecting and preserving their own rite. The Code of Canon Law of the Eastern Catholic Churches also places particular emphasis on the necessity to recognize m igrants’ pastoral needs and provides appropriate structures for them. It accurately defines the rules for migrants when they are living under the Church’s authority. The Code’s wholehearted support of pastoral work for migrants has been welcomed in Eastern Churches’ fundamental code of law. As a result it would seem that The Code of Canon Law of the Eastern Catholic Churches will play a big part in shaping the legal system of the particular Eastern Churches.

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Fadeyev, Ivan. "The 1917 Code of Canon Law: Codification and Development of Latin canon law in the First Half of the 20th Century." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 4 (2021): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640014890-7.

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This publication presents the very first Russian translation of the First Book of the first official comprehensive Code of Latin canon law. The Code was promulgated on 27 May, 1917, and took legal effect on 19 May 1918. Although replaced in the practice of the Church with the new Code of 1983, the so-called “Pio-Benedictine Code” remains the most important source for the history of the development of canon law of the Catholic Church in Modern era. It represents the first experience of a full-scale legal codification, on which the development of Catholic ecclesiastical law was based throughout the 20th century. Prior to the promulgation of the Code in 1917, the canon law of the Latin Church was dispersed over a number of sources created in different periods of church history. By the time of the convocation of the First Vatican Council (December 8, 1869 – October 20, 1870) by Pope Pius IX (June 16, 1846 – February 7, 1878), it was obvious to many in the Church that there was an urgent need to codify the vast and unorganised mass of ecclesiastical laws that was presenting all sorts of challenges to both church authorities and canonists. Calls for the codification of Latin canon law, voiced in the run-up to and at the Council itself, were heard by the Holy See, although direct work on the creation of the first full-fledged Code of canon law began only 34 years after the Council’s adjournment, in the pontificate of Pius X (August 4, 1903 – August 20, 1914). The introductory article analyses the main stages of the development of can-on law of the Catholic Church, the history of the creation of the Code, the discussions that unfolded in the 19th century among canonists as to the very need for codification, as well as the impact of the Code on the development of Canon law in the 20th century.

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Kaleta, Paweł. "Legal Requirements for Pious Dispositions of Will According to the 1983 Code of Canon Law." Roczniki Nauk Prawnych 28, no. 3 ENGLISH ONLINE VERSION (October 28, 2019): 201–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rnp.2018.28.3-12en.

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The article examines legal regulations concerning pious dispositions of will contained in the 1983 Code of Canon Law. The research problem, that is, identification of the legal requirements for a lawful acceptance of pious will, indicates that anyone can effect voluntary dispositions of property for pious causes (c. 1299, §1), if he has the capacity to perform acts in law, subject to canon 668, §5. The legislator distinguishes three ways of disposing of property for pious causes: inter vivos (e.g. by a donation agreement), 2. mortis causa (e.g. by a will and testament, a testamentary legacy, or legatum), and 3. through trust for pious causes (c. 1302). In adopting pious dispositions of will, not only canon law, but also civil law should be respected, without prejudice to the supervisory authority of the ordinary bishop expressed in canon 1301, §§1 and 3; canon 1302, §§1 and 2, and canon 1304.

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Brinda, Štefan. "A Canonical Analysis of Canon 273 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law." Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie 14, no. 2 (July 19, 2022): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32084/tekapr.2021.14.2-6.

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All clergy have the special canonical obligation to show reverence and obedience to their ordinary and the pope. They bind themselves to this promise freely and publicly during their diaconal or priestly ordination. The ecclesiastical legislator gave the liturgical ceremony a normative form in can. 273 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law. In this paper, the author presents the sources of the canon in question, presents a canonical analysis, places it into canonical context, and defines individual terms according to how the ecclesiastical legislator understood them.

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Góralski, Wojciech. "Uzupełnienie braku upoważnienia do asystowania przy zawieraniu małżeństwa wyrazem ochrony dobra wspólnego." Ius Matrimoniale 30, no. 3 (July 15, 2019): 5–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/im.2019.30.3.01.

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Even though marriage arises from the consent of parties (can. 1057 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law), it is necessary to preserve the canonical form (ordinary or extraordinary) for the validity of this relationship. Assuming that the form of marriage was established in order to eliminate secret marriages, canon 144 § 1 of the current Code of Canon Law states that in the event of factual or legal common error and in positive and probable doubt of law or of fact, the Church supplies executive power of governance for both the external and internal forum. Canon 144 § of the same Code, on the other hand, declares that the same provision applies to the powers referred to, e.g. in canon 1111 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law. This canon regulates that a local ordinary can delegate (to priests and deacons) of assisting at celebrating marriages. After discussing the role of a marriage witness and the character of his/her delegation as well as the development of legal form of supplying this delegation, the author takes up the issue of supplying this delegation in an event of common error or positive and probable doubt of law or fact in historical context, and then provides examples of supplying the delegation to assist in marriage in sentences of the Tribunal of the Roman Rota (from years 1992 -2006), including a precedent-setting sentence in the case of Stankiewicz of 15 December 1992. In conclusion, attention was paid to the ratio legis of the legal norm on supplying the delegation, which is bonum commune.

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VAN DE WIEL, C. "The Sacraments in the 1983 Code of Canon Law." Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses 66, no. 1 (April 1, 1990): 160–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/etl.66.1.542153.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Code of Canon Law"

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Duggan, William E. "The institute of suspension a comparison between Canons 2278-2285 of the 1917 Code of Canon Law and Canons 1333-1335 of the 1983 revised Code of Canon Law /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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Nolan, Michael E. "Clearly invalidating laws in the new Code of canon law." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1989. http://www.tren.com.

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Backes, Raymond Conrad. "The effects of Dolus on juridic acts in the 1917 Code and the 1983 Code." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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Gil, J. Fernando. "The form of marriage in the code of canon law and the code of canons of the Eastern Churches." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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Vaughan, John R. "The vicar general in the 1983 Code of canon law compared to the 1917 Code of canon law." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1985. http://www.tren.com.

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Thomas, Paul D. "Exclaustration in the "Code of Canon Law"." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6602.

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Barton, Deborah Anne. "Canon 766 of the 1983 Code of canon law its evolution and present implications /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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Connell, James E. "Invalidating and incapacitating laws in the "Code of Canon Law"." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6542.

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Levan, Donald E. ""Communion of life" and simulation a comparison of the 1917 Code canon 1086.2 and 1983 Code canon 1101.2 /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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Mathers, Douglas J. "Canonization of civil law in the 1983 Code of Canon Law according to Canon 22." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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Books on the topic "Code of Canon Law"

1

Ernest, Caparros, Thériault Michel, Thorn Jean 1927-, Instituto Martín de Azpilcueta, Universidad de Navarra. Instituto de Derecho Canónico., and Saint Paul University (Ottawa, Ont.). Faculty of Canon Law., eds. Code of canon law annotated. Montréal: Wilson & Lafleur, 1993.

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Beal, John P., James A. Coriden, and Thomas J. Green, eds. New Commentary on the Code of Canon Law: New Commentary on the Code of Canon Law (Study Edition). New York, NY: Paulist Press, 2000.

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Gerard, Sheehy, Morrisey Francis G, Canon Law Society of Great Britain and Ireland., Canadian Canon Law Society, and Catholic Church, eds. The canon law letter & spirit: A practical guide to the Code of canon law. Collegeville, Minn: Liturgical Press, 1995.

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Canon Law Society of Great Britain and Ireland. The canon law: Letter & spirit : a practical guide to the code of canon law. Dublin: Veritas, 1995.

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Ángel, Marzoa, Miras Jorge, Rodríguez-Ocaña Rafael, Caparros Ernest, and Instituto Martín de Azpilcueta, eds. Exegetical commentary on the Code of canon law. Montreal: Wilson & Lafleur, 2004.

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P, Beal John, Coriden James A, Green Thomas J. 1938-, Canon Law Society of America., and Catholic Church, eds. New commentary on the Code of Canon Law. New York: Paulist Press, 2000.

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Angel, Marzoa, Miras Jorge, Rodríguez-Ocaña Rafael, and Instituto Martín de Azpilcueta, eds. Exegetical commentary on the Code of canon law. Chicago: Midwest Theological Forum, 2004.

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G, Pfnausch Edward, and Canon Law Society of America., eds. Code, community, ministry: Selected studies for the parish minister introducing the Code of Canon Law. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: Canon Law Society of America, 1992.

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9

Church, Catholic, ed. Marriage according to the new Code of Canon Law. New York, N.Y: Alba House, 1986.

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10

Recognoscendo, Catholic Church Pontificia Commissio Codici Iuris Canonici Orientalis, and Catholic Church. Code of Eastern Canon law, 1986 draft: English translation. Brooklyn, N.Y: U.S. Eastern Catholic Bishops Consultation, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Code of Canon Law"

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Keygnaert, Frederik. "The Abolishment of the Local Interdict in the Revised Code of Canon Law (1983)." In Bibliothèque de la Revue d'histoire ecclésiastique, 337–46. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.brhe-eb.5.121421.

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Clausen, Christopher. "“Canon,” Theme, and Code." In Cultura Ludens, 199. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cl.4.12cla.

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Hidary, Jack D. "The Canon: Code Walkthroughs." In Quantum Computing: An Applied Approach, 95–130. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23922-0_8.

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Hidary, Jack D. "The Canon: Code Walkthroughs." In Quantum Computing: An Applied Approach, 101–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83274-2_8.

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Brundage, James A., John Marenbon, Paul Thom, André Goddu, Christophe Grellard, Stephen F. Brown, Cary J. Nederman, et al. "Canon Law." In Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy, 189–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9729-4_113.

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Brundage, James A. "Canon Law." In Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy, 325–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1665-7_113.

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Eichbauer, Melodie H. "Law in the Early Christian Church." In Medieval Canon Law, 7–18. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003156734-2.

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Eichbauer, Melodie H. "Introduction." In Medieval Canon Law, 1–6. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003156734-1.

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Eichbauer, Melodie H. "Decretal Collections and the Decretalists." In Medieval Canon Law, 66–83. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003156734-6.

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Eichbauer, Melodie H. "Canonical Courts and Procedure." In Medieval Canon Law, 100–121. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003156734-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Code of Canon Law"

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Felten, Edward W. "When code isn't law." In CSLAW '19: Symposium on Computer Science and Law. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3379921.3379927.

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Gorelikov, S. YU. "Corruption capacity of an article of the Labor Code." In Scientific Trends: Law. ЦНК МОАН, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/spc-20-05-2019-06.

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Mathew, Arun Tom, Tirumala Rao Koka, and Murali Krishnan Payangapadan. "Revisiting V-3 Canon for the Application of Single Stage Gas Gun." In ASME 2017 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2017-4598.

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Single stage gas guns are typically used for accelerating the projectiles in bird and hail impact tests of aerospace components and engines. In this paper an alternative design for single stage gas gun is studied, which is derived from V3 canon. Three dimensional numerical simulations is carried out for the optimal secondary connection angle with the main barrel. A one dimensional code is developed for the V3 canon based design. Design of experiments conducted to find the response surface for the optimal location of the secondary connection, volume and pressure of the secondary tank.

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Takahashi, Timothy T. "Intellectual Property Law and Legacy FORTRAN Code." In 2013 Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-4210.

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Hardinanto, Aris. "Criminal Adat Law in Indonesia Penal Code and Penal Code Draft." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Social Sciences (ICSS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icss-18.2018.262.

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Pappaccogli, Gianluca, Riccardo Buccolieri, Giuseppe Maggiotto, Laura S. Leo, Gennaro Rispoli, Francesco Micocci, and Silvana Di Sabatino. "The Effects of Trees on Micrometeorology in a Medium-Size Mediterranean City: In Situ Experiments and Numerical Simulations." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21566.

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This study analyses the aerodynamic effects of trees on local meteorological variables through in situ measurements and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. Measurements are taken in the inner core of a medium-size Mediterranean city (Lecce, IT) where two adjacent street canyons of aspect ratio H/W∼1 (where H is the average building height and W is the average width of the street) with and without trees are investigated. Building façades and ground temperatures are estimated from infrared (IR) images, while flow and turbulence are measured through three ultrasonic anemometers placed at different heights close to a building façade at half length of the canyon. Tree crown porosity is evaluated through the Leaf Area Index (LAI) measured by a ceptometer. Numerical simulations are made using a CFD code equipped with the Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) for the treatment of turbulence. Overall, the analysis of measurements shows that trees considerably reduce the longitudinal wind speed up to 30%. Trees alter the typical diurnal cycle of surface and air temperature within the canyon, suggesting that in nocturnal hours the trapping of heat is more important than the power of passive cooling through evapo-transpiration. Comparative numerical simulations provide further evidence that flow velocity reduces in presence of trees and although the typical wind channeling observed without trees is still maintained, trees enhance the formation of a corner vortex leading to reverse flow at the openings of the street. The reduction of the exchange of momentum between the canyon and the atmosphere above, shown by the measurements in presence of trees is confirmed by numerical simulations.

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YU, YUN-LING. "THE INFLUENCE OF CIVIL CODE ON ECONOMIC LAW." In 2021 International Conference on Management, Economics, Business and Information Technology. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtem/mebit2021/35619.

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The promulgation of the "Civil Code" provides a path for the codification of other important legal departments closely related to the socialist market economy and the improvement of the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics. However, due to the fact that the development of economic law in our country is relatively short and the economic development is changing rapidly, the current economic code is facing numerous obstacles. This article analyzes the relationship between civil law and economic law, drawing on the innovation of the content of the Civil Code, and puts forward new requirements for the development of the content, concept and system of economic law, and promotes the development of economic law.

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Harris, Steven C. "Appropriative Rights Model Water Code versus Colorado Water Law." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)317.

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Giri, Sukant, Atit Mishra, Yogananda Jeppu, and Karunakar Karunakar. "Stress Testing Control Law Code using Randomized NRT Testing." In 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-1253.

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Cooper, A. Feder, Jonathan Frankle, and Christopher De Sa. "Non-Determinism and the Lawlessness of Machine Learning Code." In CSLAW '22: Symposium on Computer Science and Law. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3511265.3550446.

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Reports on the topic "Code of Canon Law"

1

Cooper, Christopher, Jacob McDonald, and Eric Starkey. Wadeable stream habitat monitoring at Congaree National Park: 2018 baseline report. National Park Service, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286621.

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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) Wadeable Stream Habitat Monitoring Protocol collects data to give park resource managers insight into the status of and trends in stream and near-channel habitat conditions (McDonald et al. 2018a). Wadeable stream monitoring is currently implemented at the five SECN inland parks with wadeable streams. These parks include Horseshoe Bend National Military Park (HOBE), Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (KEMO), Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (OCMU), Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CHAT), and Congaree National Park (CONG). Streams at Congaree National Park chosen for monitoring were specifically targeted for management interest (e.g., upstream development and land use change, visitor use of streams as canoe trails, and potential social walking trail erosion) or to provide a context for similar-sized stream(s) within the park or network (McDonald and Starkey 2018a). The objectives of the SECN wadeable stream habitat monitoring protocol are to: Determine status of upstream watershed characteristics (basin morphology) and trends in land cover that may affect stream habitat, Determine the status of and trends in benthic and near-channel habitat in selected wadeable stream reaches (e.g., bed sediment, geomorphic channel units, and large woody debris), Determine the status of and trends in cross-sectional morphology, longitudinal gradient, and sinuosity of selected wadeable stream reaches. Between June 11 and 14, 2018, data were collected at Congaree National Park to characterize the in-stream and near-channel habitat within stream reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) and McKenzie Creek (CONG004). These data, along with the analysis of remotely sensed geographic information system (GIS) data, are presented in this report to describe and compare the watershed-, reach-, and transect-scale characteristics of these four stream reaches to each other and to selected similar-sized stream reaches at Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park, Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park, and Chattahoochee National Recreation Area. Surveyed stream reaches at Congaree NP were compared to those previously surveyed in other parks in order to provide regional context and aid in interpretation of results. edar Creek’s watershed (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) drains nearly 200 square kilometers (77.22 square miles [mi2]) of the Congaree River Valley Terrace complex and upper Coastal Plain to the north of the park (Shelley 2007a, 2007b). Cedar Creek’s watershed has low slope and is covered mainly by forests and grasslands. Cedar Creek is designated an “Outstanding Resource Water” by the state of South Carolina (S.C. Code Regs. 61–68 [2014] and S.C. Code Regs. 61–69 [2012]) from the boundary of the park downstream to Wise Lake. Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ (CONG001) is located just downstream (south) of the park’s Bannister Bridge canoe landing, which is located off Old Bluff Road and south of the confluence with Meyers Creek. Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ (CONG002 and CONG003, respectively) are located downstream of Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ where Cedar Creek flows into the relatively flat backswamp of the Congaree River flood plain. Based on the geomorphic and land cover characteristics of the watershed, monitored reaches on Cedar Creek are likely to flood often and drain slowly. Flooding is more likely at Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ than at Cedar Creek ‘upstream.’ This is due to the higher (relative to CONG001) connectivity between the channels of the lower reaches and their out-of-channel areas. Based on bed sediment characteristics, the heterogeneity of geomorphic channel units (GCUs) within each reach, and the abundance of large woody debris (LWD), in-stream habitat within each of the surveyed reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001–003) was classified as ‘fair to good.’ Although, there is extensive evidence of animal activity...

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Lewis, Dustin, Naz Modirzadeh, and Gabriella Blum. War-Algorithm Accountability. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/fltl8789.

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In War-Algorithm Accountability (August 2016), we introduce a new concept—war algorithms—that elevates algorithmically-derived “choices” and “decisions” to a, and perhaps the, central concern regarding technical autonomy in war. We thereby aim to shed light on and recast the discussion regarding “autonomous weapon systems” (AWS). We define “war algorithm” as any algorithm that is expressed in computer code, that is effectuated through a constructed system, and that is capable of operating in relation to armed conflict. In introducing this concept, our foundational technological concern is the capability of a constructed system, without further human intervention, to help make and effectuate a “decision” or “choice” of a war algorithm. Distilled, the two core ingredients are an algorithm expressed in computer code and a suitably capable constructed system. Through that lens, we link international law and related accountability architectures to relevant technologies. We sketch a three-part (non-exhaustive) approach that highlights traditional and unconventional accountability avenues. We focus largely on international law because it is the only normative regime that purports—in key respects but with important caveats—to be both universal and uniform. In this way, international law is different from the myriad domestic legal systems, administrative rules, or industry codes that govern the development and use of technology in all other spheres. By not limiting our inquiry only to weapon systems, we take an expansive view, showing how the broad concept of war algorithms might be susceptible to regulation—and how those algorithms might already fit within the existing regulatory system established by international law.

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Sparks, Paul, Jesse Sherburn, William Heard, and Brett Williams. Penetration modeling of ultra‐high performance concrete using multiscale meshfree methods. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41963.

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Terminal ballistics of concrete is of extreme importance to the military and civil communities. Over the past few decades, ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) has been developed for various applications in the design of protective structures because UHPC has an enhanced ballistic resistance over conventional strength concrete. Developing predictive numerical models of UHPC subjected to penetration is critical in understanding the material's enhanced performance. This study employs the advanced fundamental concrete (AFC) model, and it runs inside the reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM)‐based code known as the nonlinear meshfree analysis program (NMAP). NMAP is advantageous for modeling impact and penetration problems that exhibit extreme deformation and material fragmentation. A comprehensive experimental study was conducted to characterize the UHPC. The investigation consisted of fracture toughness testing, the utilization of nondestructive microcomputed tomography analysis, and projectile penetration shots on the UHPC targets. To improve the accuracy of the model, a new scaled damage evolution law (SDEL) is employed within the microcrack informed damage model. During the homogenized macroscopic calculation, the corresponding microscopic cell needs to be dimensionally equivalent to the mesh dimension when the partial differential equation becomes ill posed and strain softening ensues. Results of numerical investigations will be compared with results of penetration experiments.

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Kahima, Samuel, Solomon Rukundo, and Victor Phillip Makmot. Tax Certainty? The Private Rulings Regime in Uganda in Comparative Perspective. Institute of Development Studies, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.001.

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Taxpayers sometimes engage in complex transactions with uncertain tax treatment, such as mergers, acquisitions, demergers and spin-offs. With the rise of global value chains and proliferation of multinational corporations, these transactions increasingly involve transnational financial arrangements and cross-border dealings, making tax treatment even more uncertain. If improperly structured, such transactions could have costly tax consequences. One approach to dealing with this uncertainty is to create a private rulings regime, whereby a taxpayer applies for a private ruling by submitting a statement detailing the transaction (proposed or completed) to the tax authority. The tax authority interprets and applies the tax laws to the requesting taxpayer’s specific set of facts in a written private ruling. The private ruling offers taxpayers certainty as to how the tax authority views the transaction, and the tax treatment the taxpayer can expect based on the specific facts presented. Private rulings are a common feature of many tax systems around the world, and their main goal is to promote tax certainty and increase investor confidence in the tax system. This is especially important in a developing country like Uganda, whose tax laws are often amended and may not anticipate emerging transnational tax issues. Private rulings in Uganda may be applied for in writing prior to or after engaging in the transaction. The Tax Procedures Code Act (TPCA), which provides for private rulings, requires applicants to make a full and true disclosure of the transaction before a private ruling may be issued. This paper evaluates the Ugandan private rulings regime, offering a comparative perspective by highlighting similarities and contrasts between the Ugandan regime and that of other jurisdictions, including the United States, Australia, South Africa and Kenya. The Ugandan private rulings regime has a number of strengths. It is not just an administrative measure as in some jurisdictions, but is based on statute. Rulings are issued from a central office – instead of different district offices, which may result in conflicting rulings. Rather than an elaborate appeals process, the private ruling is only binding on the URA and not on the taxpayer, so a dissatisfied taxpayer can simply ignore the ruling. The URA team that handles private rulings has diverse professional backgrounds, which allows for a better understanding of applications. There are, however, a number of limitations of the Ugandan private rulings system. The procedure of revocation of a private ruling is uncertain. Private rulings are not published, which makes them a form of ‘secret law’. There is no fee for private rulings, which contributes to a delay in the process of issuing one. There is understaffing in the unit that handles private rulings. Finally, there remains a very high risk of bias against the taxpayer because the unit is answerable to a Commissioner whose chief mandate is collection of revenue. A reform of the private rulings regime is therefore necessary, and this would include clarifying the circumstances under which revocation may occur, introducing an application fee, increasing the staffing of the unit responsible, and placing the unit under a Commissioner who does not have a collection mandate. While the private rulings regime in Uganda has shortcomings, it remains an essential tool in supporting investor confidence in the tax regime.

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