Journal articles: 'Code of Caritas Czech Republic'

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Karfíková, Marie, and Radim Boháč. "Tax Procedure Code in the Czech Republic." Public Governance, Administration and Finances Law Review 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53116/pgaflr.2017.1.2.

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The paper deals with Tax Procedure Code in the Czech Republic. The aim of this paper is to describe the Czech Tax Procedure Code and to present and evaluate its significant possible change. The basic principles of the Czech Tax Procedure Code are set out and the basic structure of the Tax Procedure Code is introduced. The study concludes that the tax procedure has been successfully codified in the Czech Republic. The adoption of Tax Procedure Code is a great achievement and the result of many years of work undertaken to preserve the autonomy of the tax procedure. Then the article is focused on the considered change of Tax Procedure Code related to the principle of tax self-assessment and tax additional self-assessment. It is further concluded that every tax in the broad sense should have a clearly stated model which is applicable for its assessment. Establishing the tax self-assessment and tax additional tax-assessment regime could make the examination stage of tax administration much clearer.

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Janku, Martin, and Karel Marek. "Family Enterprise in Czech Civil Code." EU agrarian Law 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eual-2016-0009.

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Abstract For more than two decades the family business enterprises of the first generation (generation of founders) are more and more dominating in the category of today’s small and medium–sized enterprises in the Czech Republic. The necessary legal background defining the legal relationships and rights of all participating persons was, however, limited to general provisions in the Commercial Code that has not solved many of the problems associated thereto. Only in 2012 the new Czech Civil Code, Act. No 89/2012 Coll., introduced the institute of family enterprise as completely new term in the Czech Civil law. The presented paper aims to analyse the key rules of this new legal regulation, focusing on significant aspects of the institute in the context of commercial law and family law, as well as, to highlight the potential weaknesses and gaps existing in the regulation.

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Сакович, Ольга, and Olga Sakovich. "PLEDGE LAW REGULATION IN THE NEW CIVIL CODE OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 3, no. 4 (August 23, 2017): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_598063fadb5351.90879993.

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This article is devoted to analysis of the pledge law regulation in the Civil Code of the Czech Republic. The Civil Code was adopted within a private law reform. The author addresses the fact of renouncing dualistic system of private law. The notion of pledge in Czech law is discussed. The article places special emphasis on the evaluation of the pledge agreement’s position in the pledge relationships together with correlation of the contract and law’s state in course of pledge agreement negotiation. Requirements to the form of contract and its content depending on a pledged assets are esteemed. The article also includes comment on the Czech law approach to the registration of the pledge titles and security interests. The articles of the newly adopted Civil Code are compared with prior legal regulation in the Czech Republic. The author focuses on characteristics of special types of pledge such as pledge of shares, securities, account of paperless securities’ owner, rights in action and special property. The procedure for levying execution is examined in the article in combination of analysis of the role of parties’ declaration of intent in a process of selection of assets disposal method. There are such methods as public sale and enforced sale. Both methods’ procedures are regulated by special laws. The article gives priority of claims in case of asset disposal which is stipulated by the Civil Code.

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Zpěvák, Aleš, Martin Kohout, Jiří Víšek, and Zdeněk Fiala. "The Importance of Personnel Evaluation Activities of the Armed Forces — Evaluation Methods, Taking Into Account Certain Aspects of Czech Private Law." Internal Security 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.2267.

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The evaluation of employees is currently one of the fundamental managerial tasks of each employer. The assessment of employees is used for documentation and recapitulation of the employee’s job performance, which is associated with particular tasks. This can be a very important tool for the management of an organisation and the method of evaluation of the performance of its own employees. The Czech Republic is facing some difficulties when recruiting policemen and policewomen. This is mainly due to the lengthy process of recruitment and examination, which takes place before the actual hiring. In addition, the candidates must pass tests in the field of mental endurance, physical fitness etc. There is a similar situation to be observed at the Ministry of Defence of the Czech Republic, where they want to recruit 8,000 personnel but do not have enough potential candidates. This will become a serious issue for the personnel department of the Czech Ministry of Defence, especially if President Donald Trump decides to reduce the number of US troops. The innovative element of this scientific article is that the whole issue is brought together with the various laws and regulations of the Civil Code of the Czech Republic, which is compared with the Labour Code and also applied to members of the armed security forces. The object of this article is to highlight the need and importance of effective evaluationof candidates in connection with various methods of employee evaluation in the context of the Czech Civil Code and Labour Code. The article describes the fundamentals of the evaluation process.

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Kocowska-Siekierka, Elżbieta. "Prawo inspirowane życiem — nowy czeski Kodeks cywilny regulacja prawa spadkowego." Prawo 323 (December 29, 2017): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0524-4544.323.6.

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Life inspired bill for life — the new Czech Civil Code Inheritance LawThe paper aims at investigating how the Czech Republic member of the European Union deals with the problem of recodification of the Civil Law after political system transformation. The paper presents changes in Inheritance Law that strengthening testamentary freedom and modify the purview of family protection.

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Marek, Karel, and Martin Janků. "New in the Czech Civil Code – Rules on Family Enterprise." ACTA VŠFS 14, no. 2 (November 2020): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37355/acta-2020/2-04.

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For more than two decades the family business enterprises of the first generation (generation of founders) are more and more dominating in the category of today’s Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in the Czech Republic. The necessary legal background defining the legal relationships and rights of all participating persons was, however, limited to general provisions in the Commercial Code that hasn’t solved many of the problems associated thereto. Only in 2012 the new Czech Civil Code, Act. No 89/2012 Coll., introduced the institute of family enterprise as completely new term in the Czech Civil law. The present paper aims to analyse the key rules of this new legal regulation, focusing on significant aspects of the institute in the context of commercial law and family law, as well as to highlight the potential weaknesses in the regulation itself.

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Novotný, Jiří. "Návrh nové právní úpravy zákoníku práce v otázce přechodu práv a povinností z pracovněprávních vztahů." Forenzní vědy, právo, kriminalistika 6, no. 1 (May 2021): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37355/vpk-2021/1-04.

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On 2 January 2020, the Government of the Czech Republic submitted a bill to the Chamber of Deputies amending the Labor Code. The bill was sent to deputies as press 689/0 on 2 January 2020. The proposed amendment to the Labor Code was compiled by the Ministry of Labor and Social Aff airs of the Czech Republic, among other objectives, with the aim of achieving compliance with national legislation with EU regulations and case law. The proposed amendment to the Labor Code should explicitly regulate the conditions for the transfer of the employer's activities, and further specify the conditions for giving notice by an employee pursuant to Section 51a of the Labor Code when transferring rights and obligations from employment relationships. It is precisely in the issue of conditions for the transfer of the employer's activities that the current legal regulation has been repeatedly criticized due to insuffi cient use of EU legislation for the national legal regulation of the transfer of rights and obligations from labor relations.

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Tájek, Přemysl, and Pavla Tájková. "A long distance migration in Nyctalus leisleri from the Czech Republic to southern France (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)." Lynx new series 51, no. 1 (2021): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/lynx.2020.016.

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On 28 January 2020, three living individuals of the Leisler’s bat, Nyctalus leisleri, were found in a shed in Malaucène, southern France (44°11’34”N, 05°07’26”E). Two of these bats had bands with the inscription CESON.ORG used in the Czech Republic since 2019. The whole ring code was detected in one case (CZ03313), in a female captured and banded in a bat-box near Bečov nad Teplou, western Bohemia, Czech Republic (50°05’27”N, 12°51’38”E) on 9 September 2019, 878 km away from Malaucène. This is the first case of a long distance migration in the population of Nyctalus leisleri of the Czech Republic. This observation also gives a direct evidence of a flight during the maximum 141 days in late summer or autumn from the central or northeastern Europe to the southwestern parts of the continent.

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Sejkora, Tomáš. "Declaration of Tax Information in Constitutional Court Cases in the Czech Republic." Public Governance, Administration and Finances Law Review 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.53116/pgaflr.2019.1.6.

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This contribution is focused on the trend to demand various declaration of taxable persons via specific forms issued based only on the wide and vague authorisation of the Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic. The aim of this paper is to familiarise readers with the relevant Czech regulation and case law of the Czech Constitutional Court and to provide conclusions evaluating this case law and legislation. The beginning of this paper is devoted to respective provisions of the Tax Procedure Code, Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms, Act on VAT and Act on Transactions evidence. Then, the part dealing with the development of the Constitutional Court approach evaluating the practice of the tax administration follows. Finally, the author provides his conclusions estimating future development in this issue. Scientific methods used in this paper are analysis, induction, deduction and description. The aim of the contribution is therefore the evaluation how the recent case law will affect the current legislation and what steps should be made by the Czech Parliament.

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Lőrinczy, Markéta, and Sylvie Formánková. "Business Ethics and CSR in Pharmaceutical Industry in the Czech Republic and Hungary?" Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 6 (2015): 2011–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563062011.

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How do business ethics and CSR form part of pharmaceutical business in the Czech Republic and Hungary? The question was analyzed through empirical studies where surveys were the main tool. The research investigated business ethics, CSR, ethical code, ethical involvement of employees as factors that might be important to achieve ethical behaviour in the pharmaceutical industry. Results showed that, with 69.4% response rate, that Czech and Hungarian original companies are more towards ethical behaviour and the employees know more about the organization they work for. The data were compared with parametric statistical analysis based on Mann-Whitney U calculator.

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Kania, David. "Developmental Aspects of Regional Airports in the Czech Republic." Advanced Engineering Forum 12 (November 2014): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.12.107.

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This paper aims to compare the developmental aspects of regional airports in the Czech Republic. Only international airports were included in the selection, namely airports with an IATA code (IATA – International Air Transport Association). The following factors affected the selection of airports: air transport volume and the runway length. All public international airports with scheduled and non-scheduled commercial traffic have been included in the selection, these airports being The Brno – Tuřany Airport (BRQ), Leoš Janáček Airport Ostrava (OSR), Pardubice Airport (PED) and Karlovy Vary Airport (KLV). The list intentionally excludes the Vaclav Havel Airport (PRG), which, being the airport of the capital city, would have excessive impact on the evaluation of the monitored statistical data. In terms of individual airports, the author evaluates the impact of runway parameters, reference field length and the parameters of radio navigation and lighting equipment. Other monitored aspects include the population of the respective cities (or cities where the airport is located), the airport's location relative to the city centre and its transport connection. The last monitored aspect is the impact of competing foreign airports from across the border on the regional airport's development. The aim is to prove or disprove the idea that the airport with best equipment and location (airport with the greatest potential) should exhibit the best performance in terms of the number of passengers throughput, number of movements and the cargo throughput.

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Kubančák, Ján, Dagmar Kyselová, Ivan Kovář, Magdaléna Hlaváčová, Ronald Langer, Igor Strhársky, Karel Kudela, Marie Davídková, and Ondřej Ploc. "OVERVIEW OF AIRCREW EXPOSURE TO COSMIC RADIATION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 186, no. 2-3 (November 11, 2019): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz204.

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Abstract Monitoring of exposures of aircrew members of airline operators registered in the Czech Republic has been performed since 1998. The individual effective doses are calculated using the computer code CARI annually. The calculations are based on information about participation of aircrew members on the specific flights and on the parameters describing the typical flight profiles of the flights; the latter is regularly verified with control measurements performed onboard aircraft. The results show that (1) the average annual effective doses in the period from 1998 to 2017 range from 1.3 to 2.1 mSv, (2) the maximum effective dose of a crew member is 5.7 mSv and (3) the annual collective effective doses range from 1.3 to 4.1 manSv. Combined relative uncertainty of the results is ~25%.

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Potěšil, Lukáš. "A new system and legal regulation of administrative punishment in the Czech Republic." Prawo 327 (June 11, 2019): 311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0524-4544.327.20.

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This paper focuses on the new legal regulation that came into effect on 1.07.2017. This represents a relatively new approach to punishment realized by the administrative bodies. The new legal regulation has changed the system of administrative delicts itself as well as practice of administrative bodies. Not only in Poland, where there was a newly-adopted new legal regulation in the Administrative Code KPA, but also in the Czech Republic, we can see how the phenomenon of administrative punishment is becoming important and is an important part of the functioning of public administration. This paper would like to analyze important changes as well as some questions that the new legal regulation in the Czech Republic has brought.

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Lajtkepová, Eva. "The minimum wage in the Czech enterprises." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 6 (2010): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058060253.

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Although the statutory minimum wage is not a new category, in the Czech Republic we encounter the definition and regulation of a minimum wage for the first time in the 1990 amendment to Act No. 65/1965 Coll., the Labour Code. The specific amount of the minimum wage and the conditions of its operation were then subsequently determined by government regulation in February 1991. Since that time, the value of minimum wage has been adjusted fifteenth times (the last increase was in January 2007). The aim of this article is to present selected results of two researches of acceptance of the statutory minimum wage by Czech enterprises. The first research makes use of the data collected by questionnaire research in 83 small and medium-sized enterprises in the South Moravia Region in 2005, the second one the data of 116 enterprises in the entire Czech Republic (in 2007). The data have been processed by means of the standard methods of descriptive statistics and of the appropriate methods of the statistical analyses (Spearman correlation coefficient of sequential correlation, Kendall coefficient, χ2 - independence test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and others).

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Sizov, Aleksandr A. "Entry Into Force of the Judgment by the Criminal Procedure Code of the Czech Republic." Russian Journal of Comparative Law 3, no. 1 (March 25, 2015): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.13187/rjcl.2015.3.19.

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Otavová, Milena. "Taxation of Non-profit Organizations in the Selected European Countries: the Proposal of the Changes for the Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 3 (2015): 985–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563030985.

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The paper is focused on the issue of taxation of income of non-profit organizations, especially to associations (clubs) in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and the United Kingdom. This paper is part of research, where the main emphasis is placed on the comparison of the tax benefits which are provided to non-profit organizations in different countries. This paper points to the current situation in the Czech Republic where despite the changes that have occurred in connection with the new Civil Code, there is still missing clear legislation that would regulate the activities of the monitored organizations. Changes in the taxation of income of non-profit organizations are designed with regard to the elimination of deficiencies in order to prevent the abuse of the benefits and the speculative behavior of tax entities.

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Bartůšková, J., and J. Homolka. "Analysis of land-law relations development in the Czech Republic after 1989 in the legal and economic kontext." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 55, No. 5 (June 1, 2009): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/33/2009-agricecon.

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Changes in the land law, which occurred after 1948, still influence the whle Czech countryside to this day. Typical features of Czech agriculture, i.e. the fragmentation of ownership of the agricultural land fund and the high share of leased agricultural land, which is a direct consequence of the socialistic large-scale production, continue even despite extensive legal changes after 1989. The changes in the Czech land law after 1989 brought about not only the legal guarantees for owners but also new problems, which are still necessary to solve. An important tool of the solution of the present Czech agriculture problems is represented by land adjustments. The membership of the Czech Republic in the European Union on one hand led to the simplification of land acquisition for some foreigners, however; on the other hand it has not influenced in principle the structure of landowners. Still in 2008, the questions of the atonement of property injustices are finished yet regarding the churches concerning agricultural and forest land. A new civil code, currently in process, which can influence some legal relations to the land, has not been put forward to the Parliament yet.

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Caha, Zdeněk, Michaela Ruso, and Michaela Procházková. "Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Codes of Ethics of Companies in the Czech Republic Operating Nationally or Internationally." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 08005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219208005.

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Research background: Ethical conduct is considered a pillar of strength within the context of corporate social responsibility. The basic tool for achieving this is a code of ethics, which should form the basis for the ethical management of any company. Globalisation and internationalisation have brought with them the need to have a high-quality code of ethics in place, one that is balanced in terms of content. Purpose of the article: The aim of the research presented in this contribution is to determine, by means of qualitative comparative analysis, to what extent codes of ethics meet key preconditions for efficacy. Methods: The analysis was carried out on a sample set of 40 companies from various industrial sectors, and of various size, ownership structure and origin. All the companies were active in the Czech Republic at the time. The main preconditions for determining the efficacy of a code of ethics, and which therefore formed the basis for the qualitative comparative analysis, were set in advance. Findings & Value added: The results of the analysis revealed that significant differences exist between companies with national and international spheres of activity with regards to the content and form of their codes of ethics. As a consequence, the preconditions for efficacy were judged not to have been fully met. The primary reason for the differences was the level of importance managements and owners of companies assign to a code of ethics and the emphasis they place on adherence to the provisions set forth in them.

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Krtoušová, Lucie Novotná. "The Duty of Loyalty Imposed on a Company Director: A Comparison between Czech and English Law." Review of Central and East European Law 44, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730352-04401001.

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The aim of this contribution is to critically analyze the substance of the duty of loyalty imposed on a director of a company by the New Civil Code and the Business Corporation Act, which came into force in the Czech Republic on 1 January 2014, and consider the consequences of a breach thereof. The interpretation of recodified Czech private law is ambiguous and conflicting and there is neither consistent interpretation nor any case law, while at the moment it is not clear to what extent existing case law applies to these laws. This comparative analysis of the Czech and English concepts of the duty of loyalty aims to indicate a possible interpretation of the transplanted duty of loyalty and discuss theoretical issues connected with directors’ liabilty in recodified Czech private law.

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Klecka, J., M. Hora, M. Pesta, L. Holubec, O. Topolcan, V. Eret, M. Babjuk, K. Novak, and J. Stolz. "UP.78: Dd3/Pca3 (Differential Display Code 3) in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: Experience From Czech Republic." Urology 72, no. 5 (November 2008): S134—S135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2008.08.405.

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Waschkova Cisarova, Lenka. "Comparing Czech and Slovak Council Newspapers’ Policy and Regulation Development." Media and Communication 3, no. 4 (December 29, 2015): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v3i4.341.

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Council newspapers form an integral part of European media systems and, as such, have been analysed for their important contribution to the development of local politics. However, despite a recognition of the media’s important democratic function in the transition countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) after the fall of socialism, the consideration of council newspapers’ political role in the Czech Republic and Slovakia have been largely absent in debates surrounding the development of regulatory frameworks until recently. Interestingly, debates regarding local government transparency emerged recently (2011) in the United Kingdom, resulting in the Code of recommended practice on local authority publicity, underscoring the importance of this issue. However, developments in the aforementioned situations demonstrate divergent outcomes in such considerations: the British addressed the causes, the Czechs addressed the symptoms, and the Slovaks have yet to make any headway. This article utilizes qualitative analysis of policy and regulation documents to compare the trajectories of media policy and regulation of council publicity in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, ultimately contrasting it with developments in the UK, suggesting possible future trajectories for the development of this type of regulation in the CEE countries.

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Janků, Martin. "Legal and Economic Context of the Czech Civil Code Rules on Family Enterprises." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 65, no. 6 (2017): 1945–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765061945.

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The family-run business model is in the Czech Republic not used in the scope, as it is the case of other EU Member States. Until recently one of the reasons was also the absence of a legislative framework that would give to the family business or its organization a comprehensive and systematic rules and a stable order. This has – from a part – changed since January 1st, 2014 with the entry into force of the new Czech Civil Code, Act No. 89/2012 Coll. The present paper aims at pointing out the ways, forms and the diversity of family business from business in general according to the legislation in the Civil Code introducing in its Sections 700 – 707 the institute of family enterprise. In the context of economic-legal analysis undertaken some aspects related to the family enterprise are highlighted, in particular the sharing of profit gains, employment of family members in the operation of the family enterprise and the continuing of operation of the family business after the death of the family member being in the legal position of the entrepreneur.

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Potěšil, Lukáš, Krisztina Rozsnyai, Jan Olszanowski, and Matej Horvat. "Simplification of Administrative Procedure on the Example of the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary (V4 Countries)." Administrative Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci11010009.

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The article deals with the idea of simplification of administrative procedure on the example of legal regulation that can be found in Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Hungary. This legal regulation comes from the same or similar evolution and legal conditions. General legal regulation of administrative procedure is represented by so called Code of Administrative Procedure. Existence of such code in all mentioned countries might be regarded as a first step towards simplification. Using research methods—dogmatic, normative, and, namely, comparative—the article examines concrete examples of simplification in mentioned countries that have similar approaches in solving this demand. This article mentions possible views (or addressees) on the need of simplifications as well as possible limits of this issue. In this sense, the protection of the public interest and protection of rights of individuals presents certain limitations to simplification. Legal regulation of administrative procedure is complicated. Although each legal regulation is in detail specific, we can find some common solutions in particular legal regulation of simplifications. Such results of this article might be useful (not only) for further comparison in European countries.

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Petr, Pavel. "Superficiary Right of Building: Origin and Development in Central Europe." DANUBE: Law and Economics Review 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/danb-2016-0008.

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Abstract The Czech Republic has been dealing for the last four years with a legal revolution in the field of private law. A new Civil Code was adopted in 2012 and many new and forgotten legal figures were restored in the text of the code. An interesting example of forgotten legal figures is the superficiary right of building, which has again entered the legal order of the Czech Republic after a long one hundred years. Unlike the Act on the Superficiary Right of Building of 1912, the new Civil Code extends the scope of persons that may create the superficiary right of building to their land. This should eliminate the obstacle that has substantially limited its wider use. The superficiary right of building is not likely to become a legal concept very frequently seen in public registers. The aim of this paper is, therefore, a reflection on divided ownership and the purpose and genesis of the superficiary right of building in relation to its origins, as well as a prediction of future developments of this legal concept in the real estate market. To analyse the concept, the paper employs formal and legal methods (logical, grammatical and historical method). A comparative study is conducted in the spirit of the comparative method. The superficiary right of building is a suitable complement to the range of options of property rights offered by the new Civil Code. The author concludes that the use of the superficiary right of building, although not limited in comparison with the 1912 Act, will likely be less frequent and focused on longer-term projects.

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Peráček, Tomáš, Boris Mucha, Patricia Brestovanská, and Jana Kajanová. "Selected Ways of Acquiring Securities in the Conditions of the Slovak Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, no. 6 (2018): 1589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866061589.

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One of the basic tools of the capital market are securities. Under the currently valid and effective legislation, ownership of securities can be acquired through three types of scrambling contracts. It is a contract for the purchase of securities, a contract for the donation of securities and a contract for the loan of a security. These contract types are primarily regulated in the Securities Act as the “lex specialis” of securities law, with subsequent reference to the legal regulation contained in the Civil Code and the Commercial Code. The authors are focused on a donation of securities lending of securities, which are used in practice only a little, or even at all. For this reason, no attention is paid to them either by legal theorists. The authors, through scientific and doctrinal interpretation, examine the selected provisions of the Securities Act, the Civil Code and the Commercial Code relating to the issues of these agreements. Through professional literature and court decisions, they are looking for answers to practical application problems. Last but not least, they compare legal regulations in Slovakia and the Czech Republic and point to the differences. The study of the selected issues related to the acquisition of securities in the conditions of the Slovak Republic represents the main objective of this contribution, which affects also the area of economics or financial management. Priority, however, is in the area of financial law with significant transitions to civil and commercial law.

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Kosinova, E., and I. Psikal. "Restriction fragment length polymorphism of ORF6 and ORF7 genes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine strains registered in the CzechRepublic." Veterinární Medicína 51, No. 8 (March 27, 2012): 414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5565-vetmed.

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Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of open reading frames 6 and 7 was applied to comparative genetic analysis of live attenuated vaccine strains (Amervac-PRRS/A3, Porcilis PRRS, Ingelvac PRRS) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), registered in the Czech Republic, six field viruses (L-588, L-1606, L-2053, L-3305, L-6558, L-6791), and three PRRSV local field isolates (CAMP V-502, CAMP V-503, VOS 2878) found in pig herds in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic. The set of restriction enzymes Hae II, Alu I and BsaJ I allowed the differentiation of local field isolates, field viruses of PRRS, and vaccine strains of the European genotype from North American genotype, but could also distinguish between viruses of the same genotype. Five different RFLP patterns were obtained from twelve examined PRRS viruses by combination of the above restriction enzymes. RFLP code 1-1-1 was the most frequent digestion pattern within all PRRS field viruses (L-588, L-1606, L-2053, L-3305, L-6558, L-6791), CAMP V-502 isolate and vaccine strain Porcilis PRRS, which is suggestive of higher antigenic identity among the compared viruses. In the North American types (Ingelvac PRRS vaccine strain and VOS 2878 isolate), homogeneity in restriction patterns (code 2-x-4) was recorded. These studies indicate that PCR-based RFLP analysis of ORF6 and ORF7 of genes might be a suitable tool in epidemiological studies of PRRSV, similarly to the studies based on genetic analysis of ORF5 gene.

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Andrlík, Břetislav. "Collection of road tax in the years form 1993–2011 in the Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 2 (2013): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361020273.

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The article deals with the position of road tax in the tax system of the Czech Republic. It focuses on the analysis of road tax collection in the years 1993–2011 and the determination of reasons for change in the collection amount in the individual monitored years, especially in connection to amendment of the basic law, which is law No. 16/1993, Road Tax Code. Within the frame of the analysis not only the absolute collection of road tax is quantified and discussed, but also basic statistic indicators are calculated, e.g. growth rate or absolute increase of road tax collection. Part of the paper deals with the road tax yield. The paper judges the success rate of the tax administrator in collecting the same amount of financial means which was ordered by the tax administrator for the particular tax period. In the next part the share of road tax collection on the whole tax collection in the Czech Republic is measured and discussed on the determined time axis.

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Klecka, J., M. Hora, M. Pesta, L. Holubec, O. Topolcan, and V. Eret. "MP-11.10: DD3/PCA3 (differential display code 3) in prostate cancer diagnosis – first data from Czech Republic." Urology 70, no. 3 (September 2007): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2007.06.393.

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Miháliková, M., S. Matula, and F. Doležal. "Application of k-Nearest code to the improvement of class pedotransfer functions and countrywide Field Capacity and Wilting Point maps." Soil and Water Research 9, No. 1 (January 23, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/44/2013-swr.

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The database of soil hydrophysical properties in the Czech Republic (HYPRESCZ) which contains the data needed for derivation of pedotransfer functions for soil water retention curves was used for the estimation of field capacity and wilting point of agricultural land resource on a countrywide scale. The results were combined with the existing Soil Texture Map of the Czech Republic to create four new maps, namely the Map of Field Capacity and the Map of Wilting Point for the topsoil and subsoil separately. From the total number of 1048 relevant database entries, only about a half included reliable wilting point data. The k-Nearest computer code employing the k-Nearest neighbour technique was used for estimation of the missing wilting points, which made it possible to use all entries. The estimation uncertainty was assessed in terms of standard deviations and the root mean square error. Finally, two sets of class pedotransfer functions were derived and found sufficiently comparable: (i) the functions estimating the soil water retention curve in the whole range, derived solely from the database entries containing the measured wilting points, and (ii) the functions estimating the field capacity and wilting point only, derived from all database entries, including the k-Nearest neighbour estimated data.

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Katkovčin, Maroš. "Perspectives of use of a trust fund as a form of investment under legal and economic conditions of the financial market in the Slovak Republic." Bratislava Law Review 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.46282/blr.2018.2.2.111.

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An institute of a trust fund is not de lege lata in the legal conditions of the Slovak Republic regulated by law. This article focuses on the analysis of perspectives of use of the trust fund as a potential form of investment under specific legal and economic conditions of the financial market in the Slovak Republic in a context of prospected recodification of the Civil Code. The analysis is based on the comparative study of transformation of the traditional common law legal system institute ofthe trust fund into the legal order of the Czech Republic with particular focus on its use as a form of investment. The author identifies potentially problematic legal aspects of enactment of the pertinent institute to the legal order of the Slovak Republic and presents his views on potential of the trust fund to be used as a collective investment scheme.

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Vopravil, J., V. Podrázský, M. Batysta, P. Novák, L. Havelková, and M. Hrabalíková. "Identification of agricultural soils suitable for afforestation in the Czech Republic using a soil database." Journal of Forest Science 61, No. 4 (June 3, 2016): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/123/2014-jfs.

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Afforestation of agricultural lands may be a positive action in many cases. Especially, it is a beneficial feature for waterlogged soils, stony soils or for soils which are less fertile for any other reason and thus unsuitable for farming. Afforestation can be a very important action even in the agricultural landscape – afforested belts of agricultural land divide large farm blocks into smaller ones, or act as windbreakers and biological corridors. The value, quality and fertility of soil can be assessed in different ways. The study aims to determine the identification soil criteria of agricultural land which is suitable for afforestation. This evaluation process is based on Evaluated Soil Ecological Units (ESEU), in the Czech Republic known as BPEJ, database which is available for all agricultural land in the Czech Republic. The results are represented by a complete list of ESEU codes suitable for afforestation. The list of codes is supplemented by an explanation why such an ESEU code, representing a soil group with similar properties, is suitable to afforestation.

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Alhasan, Zakaraya, Jan Jandora, and Jaromír Říha. "Study of Dam-break Due to Overtopping of Four Small Dams in the Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 3 (2015): 717–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563030717.

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Dam-break due to overtopping is one of the most common types of embankment dam failures. During the floods in August 2002 in the Czech Republic, several small dams collapsed due to overtopping. In this paper, an analysis of the dam break process at the Luh, Velký Bělčický, Melín, and Metelský dams breached during the 2002 flood is presented. Comprehensive identification and analysis of the dam shape, properties of dam material and failure scenarios were carried out after the flood event to assemble data for the calibration of a numerical dam break model. A simple one-dimensional mathematical model was proposed for use in dam breach simulation, and a computer code was compiled. The model was calibrated using the field data mentioned above. Comparison of the erodibility parameters gained from the model showed reasonable agreement with the results of other authors.

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Cabová, Kamila, and František Wald. "VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION OF NUMERICAL MODEL OF FIRE AND SMOKE DEVELOPMENT IN RAILWAY TUNNEL." Acta Polytechnica 56, no. 6 (December 31, 2016): 432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2016.56.0432.

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The paper describes verification and validation of numerical model of fire and smoke development in a railway tunnel carried out in numerical code Fire Dynamic Simulator. To evaluate a correctness of numerical solution of the model with respect to the mathematical model, results are compared with solution executed in numerical code SmartFire. Influence of mesh size on results of gas temperature in vicinity to the fire source is studied. Validation of a level of agreement between the numerical model and a physical model is performed by comparison of calculated data with data measured during the fire test in road tunnel Valík located in the Czech Republic.

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Lovecky, Martin, Jana Jirickova, and Radek Skoda. "ASSESSMENT OF BURNABLE ABSORBER FUEL DESIGN BY UWB1 DEPLETION CODE." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 4 (December 16, 2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2016.4.0043.

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UWB1 depletion code is being developed as a fast computational tool for the study of burnable absorbers in University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Czech Republic. Research of fuel depletion aims at development and introduction of advanced types of burnable absorbers in nuclear fuel. Burnable absorbers compensate for the initial excess reactivity and consequently allow for lower power peaking factors and longer fuel cycles with higher fuel enrichments. The paper describes the depletion calculations of CANDU, PWR and SFR nuclear fuel doped with rare earth oxides as burnable absorber. Uniform distribution of burnable absorber in the fuel is assumed. Based on performed depletion calculations, rare earth oxides are divided into two groups, suitable burnable absorbers and poisoning absorbers. Moreover, basic economic comparison is performed based on actual stock prices.

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Chuchma, Filip, and Hana Středová. "Discrepancy in climatic zoning of the current soil productivity evaluation system." Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy 45, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/congeo-2015-0023.

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Abstract Pedologic-ecological estimation in the Czech Republic (Central Europe) means determination of land agronomic productivity and its economical pricing and is expressed as a five position numeral code and mapped as iso-lines. The first position of the code is the climatic region representing approximately the same conditions for agricultural plant growth and development. This climatic regionalization was based on the climatic data from 1901–1950. Currently, there is the need to update their existing zoning due to the technological progress of measurement and development of climate models including estimation of future climate. The aim of the paper is (i) to apply actual climatic data to climatic regionalization and (ii) to estimate what climatic conditions are relevant for actually valid climatic regions. The original methodology currently enables us to unequivocally classify only 17% of the entire territory of the Czech Republic (and 18% of Czech agricultural land). A substantial part of the territory does not fit neatly into individual climatic regions. Subsequently the actually valid ranges of climatic characteristics of individual climatic regions were determined. The GIS layers of individual climatic variables computed with data from 1961–2010 were one by one covered by GIS layers of individual climatic regions based on data from 1901–1950. Interval ranges of climatic region variables determined in this way are valid for the period 1961–2010. The upper limit of air temperature sum above 10 °C and annual air temperature in most of the climatic regions was significantly shifted up in 1961–2010. An increase in precipitation is noticeable in wet climatic regions. Moisture certainty in vegetation season and probability of dry vegetation are the most problematic in terms of Estimated Pedologic-Ecological Units (EPEU) climatic zoning. This should be taken into account when fixing the official soil price.

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Beran, Karel, and David Elischer. "Has ‘Strict Liability’ Given Way to a General ‘Duty to Compensate Harm’ in Czech Law?" Review of Central and East European Law 44, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 58–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730352-04401003.

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According to the new Civil Code, adopted in the Czech Republic in 2012 (“2012 Civil Code”), ‘strict liability’ (or ‘no-fault liability’) is no longer considered ‘liability’ in the traditional sense of the term. The declared concept of the Civil Code is based on the premise that the notion of ‘liability’ should be limited only to cases where a person can be held liable based on their culpability (fault). All other cases, denoted by the doctrine as the opposite to ‘fault-based liability’ (or more accurately, liability based on culpable conduct), that is, ‘no-fault’ or ‘strict’ liability, are – in actual fact – no longer conceived or designated by the Civil Code as ‘liability’ (in Czech: odpovědnost). They are rather constructed as a legal duty to compensate harm. This begs the question whether unlawfulness can be considered a prerequisite for the duty to compensate harm. The authors argue that the answer to this question depends on what the unlawfulness relates to – whether an unlawful act or an unlawful state of affairs. Their argument builds on the premise that unlawful acts are linked to an individual’s conduct, where both the reason and the will of the individual are present and, as a result, such unlawful acts are based on the individual’s culpability (fault). On the other hand, what is typical of an unlawful state of affairs is that the law has been violated, not because someone acted contrary to it, but rather because the rights of the aggrieved party were infringed. The authors conclude that an unlawful state of affairs is a general legal fact which covers all cases of ‘strict’ (or ‘no-fault’) liability and even a breach of contractual obligations. The authors develop their premise not only within Czech law, but also through comparison with other jurisdictions (France, Germany, and Austria), and analyze the potential of and limits to such approach.

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Smolík, Josef, and Alena Kajanová. "Scheming to defraud in an insolvency proceeding: a specific case of economic criminal acts." Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia 11, no. 39 (June 1, 2018): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stcb-2018-0008.

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Abstract The article presents the theoretical foundations of the criminal act of scheming to defraud in an insolvency proceeding. A criminal act according to the § 226 Act No. 40/2009 Coll. (Criminal Code) is often a part of organized crime. Crime is made easier by the difficult proceedings of solving the debtor’s bankruptcy in the Czech Republic. The article includes a case interpretation in which the judge committed a crime. She caused severe harm to several participants of the insolvency proceeding and secured that the debtor’s shareholder benefited.

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Roháček, Jindřich. "Tetanops myopina Fallén, 1820, a psammophilous species of Otitinae (Diptera: Ulidiidae) found in a sandpit in the northeastern part of the Czech Republic/ Tetanops myopina Fallén, 1820, psamofilní druh čelnice z podčeledi Otitinae (Diptera: Ulidiidae) nalezený v pískovně v severovýchodní části České republiky." Acta Musei Silesiae, Scientiae Naturales 64, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cszma-2015-0001.

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Abstract Tetanops myopina Fallén, 1820 (Diptera: Ulidiidae) is recorded from the Czech Republic for the first time, based on specimens found in the sandpit Závada near Hlučín (grid mapping code 6074). Because T. myopina is generally a maritime species, living on costal sand dunes of the Irish, North and Baltic Seas and partly the Atlantic Ocean (Ireland and Wales only), this surprising record is treated in detail with a description of the microhabitat and a discussion of the biology and biogeography of the species and the historical origin of this inland population

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Čitbaj, František. "Greek Catholic Metropolitan Church sui iuris in Slovakia and Greek Catholic Church in the Czech Republic within the Current Catholic Canon Law." E-Theologos. Theological revue of Greek Catholic Theological Faculty 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2011): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10154-011-0005-2.

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Greek Catholic Metropolitan Church sui iuris in Slovakia and Greek Catholic Church in the Czech Republic within the Current Catholic Canon Law This article treats of new situation of Greek Catholic metropolitan church sui iuris in Slovakia, by describing its historical development. It is describing terms of Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches as tradition, ceremony and church sui iuris. It is also about institutes typical for metropolitan churches, which are the following: the institute of metropolitan, council of hierarch and also convention of metropolitan church sui iuris.

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Čitbaj, František. "Greek Catholic Metropolitan Church sui iuris in Slovakia and Greek Catholic Church in Czech Republic within the Current Catholic Canon Law." E-Theologos. Theological revue of Greek Catholic Theological Faculty 2, no. 2 (January 1, 2011): 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10154-011-0020-3.

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Greek Catholic Metropolitan Church sui iuris in Slovakia and Greek Catholic Church in Czech Republic within the Current Catholic Canon Law This article treats of new situation of Greek Catholic metropolitan church sui iuris in Slovakia, by describing its historical development. It is describing terms of Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches as tradition, ceremony and church sui iuris. It is also about institutes typical for metropolitan churches, which are the following: the institute of metropolitan, council of hierarch and also convention of metropolitan church sui iuris.

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Kučera, Jakub, and Tomáš Hlavsa. "Agricultural Land Evaluation Considering the Czech Less Favoured Areas Delineation." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 65, no. 4 (2017): 1195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765041195.

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This paper analyses the impact of the common European criteria on the Less Favoured Areas (LFA) delineation in the Czech Republic (CR) and compares it with currently used point evaluation system. Further, it compares the advantages and disadvantages of both delineation systems from various points of view and concerning the needs of common agricultural policies. In the Czech Republic, a system of point evaluation of the agricultural land productivity based on the Evaluated soil-ecological units (ESEU) is used for delineation of the other than mountain LFA since 2001. Within the programme period 2014–2020, the European Commission proposes to delineate the other than mountain LFA using a single set of criteria, common for all the member states. Some criteria of the natural handicap proposed by the European Commission (EC) can be derived directly from the ESEU five-cipher code and from the soil maps. The comparison clearly shows that the current Czech system of point evaluation of the productivity of agricultural land can express better the influence of worse soil and climatic conditions on the limitations of the agricultural use of the land than the system proposed by the EC. Additionally, the ESEU point evaluation can express also the effect of simultaneous influence of more factors, which may thus increase or decrease the final ESEU point values. Conversely, it is necessary to remark that the land quality evaluation based on ESEU is rather complicated and not easily understandable for the wide public. Also, it cannot be applied in all the EU countries.

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Mamojka, Mojmír, and Jacek Dworzecki. "Development of Commercial Law in the Slovak Republic - Outline of problems." Internal Security 8, no. 1 (January 30, 2016): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/20805268.1231517.

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The article concerns the issue of trade law in the context of its evolution and the current realities of its being in force in Republic of Slovakia. In the paper the authors present an historical view of the creation of legal regulations about trade from ancient times to present days. In the first part of the paper the political system and its components are discussed. The reader will be able to acquaint themselves with the functioning of the apparatus of executive power (the government and ministries), legislative power (the parliament consisting of 150 members) and judiciary (independent courts and prosecutors) in the Republic of Slovakia. Moreover, this part of the article provides information about practical aspects of the creation of selected components of the constitutional legal order (e.g. parliamentary elections). In the second part, the paper covers the evolution of trade law over the centuries, approaches to regulations in Mesopotamia, based on, inter alia, the Code of Hammurabi, and also in ancient Egypt and Greece. Tracing the development of trade law over the centuries, the authors also present the evolution of legal regulations in this field in the XIX century, with particular reference to France, Germany and Austria-Hungary (especially the territory which today forms the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic). In the last part of the article, the forming of regulations of trade law in Czechoslovakia from 1918 and during subsequent periods which created the history of that country, to the overthrow communism and the peaceful division of the state in 1993 into two separate, independent state organisms – the Czech Republic and Slovakia - is approached.

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Singh, Prashant, Jana Šnokhousová, Aniket Saraf, Archana Suradkar, and Josef Elster. "Phylogenetic evaluation of the genus Nostoc and description of Nostoc neudorfense sp. nov., from the Czech Republic." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 2740–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004102.

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Cyanobacterial strain ARC8 was isolated from seepage coming into the river Dračice, Františkov, Czech Republic, and was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Strain ARC8 showed a typical Nostoc -like morphology and in-depth morphological characterization indicated that it is a member of the genus Nostoc . Furthermore, in the 16S rRNA gene phylogeny inferred using Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and neighbour joining methods, strain ARC8 clustered within the Nostoc sensu stricto clade. The phylogenetic distance and the positioning of strain ARC8 also indicated that it is a member of the genus Nostoc . Furthermore, the rbcL gene phylogeny along with the 16S–23S ITS secondary structure analysis also supported the findings from the 16S rRNA gene tree. In accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants we describe a novel species of Nostoc with the name Nostoc neudorfense sp. nov.

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Benes, Filip, Jiri Svub, Pavel Stasa, Vladimir Kebo, and Jakub Unucka. "EPCIS Implementation and Customization for Automotive Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 718 (December 2014): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.718.131.

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The article deals with the possibilities and advantages of implementing radio-frequency identification technology (hereinafter referred to as “RFID”) and the electronic product code information system (hereinafter referred to as “EPCIS”) in manufacturing facilities in the Czech Republic. It describes the common efforts of many partners aimed at establishing and implementing a customized system supporting members of the logistics and manufacturing chain, in particular, in the automotive industry. The article describes research and development in the field of EPCIS systems and experience of a RFID laboratory in the field of EPCIS, summarizing the steps achieved in the first year of the project.

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Caha, Zdeněk. "Ethical Management in Companies in the Czech Republic and Ukraine - Comparison of the Presence of a Code of Ethics." SHS Web of Conferences 39 (2017): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20173901004.

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Novotný, Lukáš. "How to Fight Puppy Mills: Toughening the Sentences for Animal Abuse in the Post-Communist Region." Animals 10, no. 6 (June 11, 2020): 1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10061020.

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This study seeks answers to questions regarding the kind of main legislative issues and obstacles there are in providing a legal solution to the problem of illegal puppy mills in the post-communist context, how criminal law experts opine about toughening the sentencing guidelines for animal abuse and deficient puppy mills, what kind of arguments have been formulated and how they have shaped the decision making by lawmakers, and how Czech politicians have argued in favour of or against toughening the sentencing guidelines for animal abuse. The Czech Republic was selected as a country of “flourishing” illegal breeding establishments and puppy exports to other European countries—a problem that has long required a solution. The introduction defines the concepts of animal abuse and puppy mills employed in the paper. Subsequently, the paper outlines existing laws as well as the amendments to toughen the sentencing guidelines. I use the example of debates among parliamentarians and legal experts on toughening the Czech Criminal Code and introducing longer prison terms to demonstrate some typical issues of the debates on tougher sentences for animal abuse in the post-communist region.

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Horová, Kamila, Slavomír Entler, and František Wald. "Interactive Interoperability Between Firefighters and Fire Protection Equipment." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/2040-2317.6.2.113.

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In 2005 coal handling bridges in Opatovice power station, Czech Republic, were damaged by fire. Effects of the fire limited coal supply for 3 months. Following that fire the new fire protection equipment have been gradually installed in other Czech power plants. In 2009 the complex automatic fire protection equipment of coal handling route was installed into operation in Tušimice power plant. However, after starting the operation it showed that activation of the extinguishing system on the inclined conveyor bridge threatened the health and life of fire-fighters conducting an intervention. In this paper an interactive algorithm that ensures a flexible cooperation intervening fire-fighters and automatic extinguishing system without a risk of fire-fighters life is investigated. To confirm the applicability of the interoperability algorithm possible fire scenario is analysed in NIST code FDS. Development of gas temperatures in strong chimney flow gives also a view into part of mechanical response of structure.

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Setiawan, Fathurrahman, Matthieu Lemaire, Hyunsuk Lee, Peng Zhang, and Deokjung Lee. "VVER-1000 BENCHMARK INTERPRETATION WITH MONTE CARLO CODE MCS." EPJ Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 10006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124710006.

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An interpretation of the NEA-1517/82 benchmark from the SINBAD shielding database has been conducted with the MCS Monte Carlo code developed at the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) and the ENDF/B-VII.1 nuclear data library. The NEA-1517/82 benchmark corresponds to experiments on a VVER-1000 critical mock-up (thermal reactor with hexagonal fuel lattice) inside the LR-0 research reactor operated by the Nuclear Research Institute (NRI) in the Czech Republic. A new 3D model of the VVER-1000 mock-up core is developed for MCS based on the SINBAD documentation. The model includes the top and bottom parts of fuel pins, the spacer grids and core components: baffle, barrel, downcomer, tank, reactor pressure vessel (RPV) and concrete block used as biological shielding. The quality of the model is verified first by code/code comparison of MCS against MCNP6 for criticality and power distributions (pin-by-pin and axial power). The validation of MCS results is then performed against six critical cases, 260 measured pin powers and benchmark calculations of the axial power profile. Finally, a comparison of calculated and measured neutron spectra inside the mock-up core is presented as a preliminary study for upcoming works on the deep-penetration shielding capability of MCS.

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Sitarz, Olga, and Anna Jaworska-Wieloch. "Principles of liability under the Polish Criminal Code for behavior relating to the termination of pregnancy undertaken in Poland and the Czech Republic." International and Comparative Law Review 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 237–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/iclr-2020-0011.

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Summary The article explores the problem of significance the termination of pregnancy in the context of criminal responsibility. In the first step, the legal analysis is focused on establishing the change of legal status connected with abortion and all the consequences for criminal responsibility. The second section refers to the current act, trying to find the answer how to recognized the termination of pregnancy. The third part refers to legal situation in Czech Republic at this area. Finally, some reflections on the criminal liability for the place of the offence have been presented. The possibility of conviction for abortion in a country where it is legal should be examined..

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Ševeček, Martin, Mojmír Valach, and Chih-Hao Lee. "THERMAL ANALYSIS OF DRY STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION CASKS CASTOR USING COBRA-SFS." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 28 (December 1, 2020): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2020.28.0032.

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State Office for Nuclear Safety is a regulator body in the Czech Republic handling also licensing of storage and transportation casks (SCs) of the spent nuclear fuel (SNF). One of the main concerns for the dry storage of SNF is the safe removal of the residual heat resulting from the decay of fission products, actinides, and activated construction materials. There are many storage systems in use around the world with different storage configuration, fuel designs and boundary conditions that need to be evaluated. Two thermal models of SNF storage casks CASTOR 440/84 and CASTOR 440/84M were developed using the COBRA-SFS code, which is an internationally accepted and validated code used for licensing of dry storage casks and safety evaluation. The casks are in operation at the Nuclear Power Plant Dukovany for dry storage of the WWER-440 SNF. Both models were validated and used for evaluation of several problems in different configuration and particularly for licensing purposes at the SUJB.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Code of Caritas Czech Republic'

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