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Journal articles on the topic 'Coderre'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Le Bel, Pierre-Mathieu, and Salvador David Hernandez. "Les mégaprojets à Montréal, de Drapeau à Coderre." Revue Organisations & territoires 23, no. 3 (November 1, 2014): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1522/revueot.v23i3.140.

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2

Canady, Valerie A. "Acting Assistant Secretary Coderre discusses recovery, SAMHSA priorities." Mental Health Weekly 31, no. 9 (February 27, 2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mhw.32700.

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3

Birbaumer, Niels, and Herta Flor. "A leg to stand on: Learning creates pain." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 1997): 441–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97251496.

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The persistence of both inflammatory and neuropathic pain can only be explained when learning processes are taken into account in addition to sensitizing mechanisms. Learning processes such as classical and operant conditioning create memories for pain that are based on altered synaptic connections in supraspinal structures and persist without peripheral input. [coderre & katz; dickenson; wiesenfeld-hallin et al.]

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4

Cleland, Corey L., and G. F. Gebhart. "Does central nervous system plasticity contribute to hyperalgesia?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 1997): 444–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97281495.

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Hyperalgesia can arise from peripheral sensitization, on-going peripheral activation, and central plasticity. In the target article, coderre & katz argue that all three mechanisms contribute to hyperalgesia. In contrast, we believe that existing experimental evidence suggests that central plasticity plays only an insignificant role in most experimental models and clinical presentations of hyperalgesia induced by tissue injury or chemical activation of sensory receptors.

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5

Gracely, Richard H. "Persistent pain: Trim the branches or fell the tree?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 1997): 449–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97331495.

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In patients with pain characterized by a painful focus and allodynia, the painful symptoms arise from altered central processing that is initiated and subsequently maintained by persistent input from nociceptive afferents. Treatments directed at this normal consequence of persistent input are inherently limited. The most efficacious treatments will target the pathology, the various sources of ongoing nociceptor input. [blumberg et al.; coderre & katz; dickenson]

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6

Hu, James W., and Barry J. Sessle. "Central excitation and inhibitory mechanisms and neuroplasticity are also manifested in trigeminal nociceptive pathways." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 1997): 453–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97371490.

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Central sensitization and related neurochemical mechanisms are also induced in V nociceptive pathways after craniofacial injury or inflammation. Their characteristics raise additional possibilities that may explain some of the phenomena outlined by coderre & katz, dickenson, and wiesenfeld-hallin et al. They also underscore the need for therapeutic approaches to reduce nociceptive inputs to the CNS or their neuroplastic effects which can potentially enhance post-traumatic pain.

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7

Watkins, Linda R., and Steven F. Maier. "The case of the missing brain: Arguments for a role of brain-to-spinal cord pathways in pain facilitation." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 1997): 469–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97561498.

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This commentary on coderre & katz, wiesenfeld-hallin et al., and dickenson focuses on: (a) the brain as an under-recognized contributor to pain facilitation at the spinal cord; (b) these brain-to-spinal pathways being activated by learning or by body infection/inflammation; and (c) the resultant spinal release of anti-analgesic neuropeptides, activators of the NMDA-NO cascade, and activators of glia.

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8

Clarke, Rob W. "More inhibition and less excitation needed in the fight against pain." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 1997): 443–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97271499.

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Recent pain research has concentrated heavily on excitatory processes. However, noxious stimuli activate excitatory and inhibitory systems. As failure of inhibition could underlie some forms of pathological pain, it may be argued that a full understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of pain states can only come from a consideration of all the central sequelae of injurious stimuli. [berkley; blumberg et al.; coderre & katz; dickenson; mcmahon; weisenfeld-hallin et al.]

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9

Hardcastle, Valerie Gray. "Pains are in the head, not the spine." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 1997): 451–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97351498.

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The authors presume that activity in the dorsal horn or nociceptors is well correlated with pain sensations and behavior. This overlooks the myriad of interactions between cortex and our spinothalamic tract. It is better to think of our nociceptors, the dorsal horn, and the pain centers in our brain as all components in one larger and complex pain sensory system. [berkley; blumberg et al.; coderre & katz; dickenson; mcmahon; wiesenfeld-hallin et al.]

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10

Jancsó, Gábor, Mária Dux, and Péter Sántha. "Role of capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves in initiation and maintenance of pathological pain." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 1997): 454–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97381497.

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This commentary provides experimental data in support of the critical role of capsaicin-sensitive primary afferent fibers in the initiation and maintenance of pathological pain. The demonstration of capsaicin-induced, centrally-evoked cutaneous hyperalgesia, and of neuroplastic changes elicited by the degeneration of C-fiber primary afferent terminals following peripheral nerve damage, indicates a significant contribution of capsaicin-sensitive sensory ganglion neurons in the development of pathological pain conditions. [coderre & katz]

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11

Benedetti, Fabrizio. "The sensory and affective components of pain." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 1997): 439–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97231493.

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Both the sensory and the motivational-affective component of pain must be taken into account in studies on sex differences as well as on neuropathic, postoperative, sympathetic, and visceral pain. In all these cases, therapeutic strategies should be aimed at controlling the peripheral, central, and psychological mechanisms underlying the global pain experience. Similarly, it should be recalled that some neuropeptides act on both sensory and affective pain mechanisms. [berkley; mcmahon; dickenson; coderre & katz; wiesenfeld-hallin et al.; blumberg et al.]

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12

Marchettini, Paolo, Marco Lacerenza, and Fabio Formaglio. "Experimental pain models and clinical chronic pain: Is plasticity enough to link them?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 1997): 458–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97421490.

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The central hyperexcitability observed in animal models supports a pathophysiological explanation for chronic human pain. Novel information on cholecystokinin (CCK) upregulation offers a rationale for reduced opioid response in neuropathic pain. However, the basic information provided by scientists should not lead clinicians to equate experimental models to chronic human conditions. Clinicians should provide careful reports and attempt to classify pathophysiologically clinical conditions that have so far been grouped generically. [blumberg et al.; coderre & katz; dickenson; wiesenfeld-hallin et al.]

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13

Davar, Gudarz. "Comments on Coderre, T.J. et al., PAIN, 52 (1993) 258–259." Pain 55, no. 1 (October 1993): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(93)90193-s.

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14

Backonja, Misha-Miroslav. "The neural basis of chronic pain, its plasticity and modulation." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 1997): 435–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97001490.

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Dysfunction or injury of pain-transmitting primary afferents' central pathways can result in pain. The organism as a whole responds to such injury and consequently many symptoms of neuropathic pain develop. The nervous system responds to painful events and injury with neuroplasticity. Both peripheral sensitization and central sensitization take place and are mediated by a number of biochemical factors, including genes and receptors. Correction of altered receptors activity is the logical way to intervene therapeutically. [berkley; blumberg et al.; coderre & katz; dickenson; mcmahon; wiesenfeld-hallinet al.]

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15

Willis, William D. "Central sensitization following intradermal injection of capsaicin." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 1997): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97581490.

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Intradermal capsaicin in humans causes pain, primary hyperalgesia, and secondary mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia. Parallel changes occur in the responses of primate spinothalamic tract cells and in rat behavior. Neurotransmitters that trigger secondary mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia include excitatory amino acids and substance P. Secondary mechanical allodynia is actively maintained by central mechanisms. Our group has investigated mechanisms of central sensitization of nociceptive neurons by examining the responses to intradermal injection of capsaicin. These experiments are pertinent to issues raised by coderre & katz (sect. 2).

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16

Devor, Marshall. "Central versus peripheral substrates of persistent pain: Which contributes more?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 1997): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97291491.

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Evidence that central sensitization needs to be maintained in an ongoing manner by nociceptive input from the periphery makes the peripheral drive, rather than the central amplification process, the highest priority target for understanding and control. To stop the peripheral drives to kill two birds with one stone. Moreover, the amplification that central sensitization does provide is selective and not necessarily striking in intensity. A “magic bullet” that neutralized central sensitization would probably be less effective in controlling persistent pain than many investigators would like to believe. [berkley; blumberg et al.; coderre & katz; dickenson; mcmahon; weisenfeld-hallin et al.]

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17

Ursin, Holger. "Sensitization: A mechanism for somatization and subjective health complaints?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 1997): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97551491.

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The brain seems to be able to generate and uphold sensitization by itself, based on previous experience, or genetic disposition. This seems to be particularly important for muscle pain. There seem to be positive feedback loops where pain produces more pain, and more sensitization. Musculoskeletal pain is the most common pain state. It amounts to almost 50% of all long term sickness absence. But other subjective complaints are also common, and may depend on sensitization. Sensitization has been introduced as an explanation for subjective complaints from the gastrointestinal tract and the brain, like fatigue, tiredness, dizziness, and vertigo. [coderre & katz]

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18

Hole, Kjell, Frode Svendsen, and Arne Tjølsen. "Is learning involved in plasticity in nociceptive regulation?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 1997): 452–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97361494.

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Plastic changes in spinal cord function like neuronal wind-up and increased receptive field are too short-lived to explain chronic pain without structural changes. It is possible that learning could be a mechanism for longlasting changes in nociceptive regulation. A learning process localized to the spinal cord has been shown to be important for the development of tolerance to the analgetic effect of ethanol, suggesting that nociceptive control systems may be changed by learning. Long term potentiation (LTP) is regarded as a useful model of learning and memory. LTP-like changes have been observed in in vitro preparations from the spinal cord and in spinal cord field potentials. Recently a long term increase in spinal A-β and C-fibre evoked responses after painful stimulation has been observed. [coderre & katz, dickenson, wiesenfeld-hallin et al.]

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19

Forcier, Louise. "R. Poulin et C. Coderre. La violence pornographique. La virilité démasquée, Hull, Éditions Asticou, 1986, 168 p." Nouvelles pratiques sociales 1, no. 1 (1988): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/301021ar.

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20

Camirand, Pascale. "CODERRE, Cécile et Marie-Blanche TAHON (dir.) : Le deuxième sexe. Une relecture en trois temps, 1949-1971-1999." Recherches féministes 14, no. 2 (2001): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/058148ar.

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21

Dagenais, Huguette. "Recherches féministes de la fin des années 1980 : des voix/voies multiples et convergentes." Introduction 2, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/057557ar.

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Dans cette introduction, l'auteure présente, en soulignant les convergences, les sept articles et notes de recherche consacrés respectivement au pouvoir dans les petits groupes mixtes (S. Landry), aux itinéraires familiaux et professionnels des femmes gestionnaires (C. Andrew, C. Coderre, A. Daviau et A. Denis) et des fermières (A.-M. Rieu), au féminisme chrétien du début du XXe siècle (M.-A. Cliche), à la théorisation de l'existence lesbienne (L. Chamberland), au développement d'une sémiotique féministe (M. Beauregard) et aux femmes dans le monde de la littérature (M.-J. des Rivières; P. Dionne et C. Théry). Malgré cette diversité de thèmes, de cadres théoriques et de méthodes, l'auteure note, en effet, des convergences dans l'attention portée à la dimension politique des rapports sociaux de sexe, tant au niveau micro que macrosocial, et dans la prise en compte par les chercheuses de la complexité des vies de femmes, du changement social et des résistances au changement. Elle termine en insistant sur la nécessité de préciser davantage les définitions et la terminologie désignant les divers niveaux, lieux et manifestations de pouvoir si l'on veut éviter la confusion dans l'évaluation du changement social.

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22

Dagenais, Huguette. "Unité et diversité dans la recherche et l’action féministes." Introduction 4, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/057647ar.

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Dans ce texte introductif, l'auteure présente les contributions (quatre articles, deux notes de recherche, un essai bibliographique et un dossier) du volume 4 numéro 2 de la revue Recherches féministesen soulignant leur grande diversité, mais aussi les préoccupations communes et les convergences qui s'en dégagent. Les quatre articles portent respectivement sur le problème de l'identification des femmes au sein de l'approche « Femmes et développement » (Marie France Labrecque) ; les femmes du troisième Reich (Monique Moser-Verrey) ; Idola Saint-Jean, une militante féministe québécoise (Diane Lamoureux) et des artistes femmes du Pays basque espagnol (Lourdes Méndez). Ils sont suivis de deux notes de recherche consacrées à des mouvements de femmes au Brésil (Elisabeth Souza Lobo) et à une réflexion méthodologique sur la recherche féministe en santé au travail (Karen Messing). Un essai bibliographique sur les recherches féministes en linguistique aux États-Unis et en RFA (Claire Michard et Catherine Viollet) et un dossier sur l'expertise féministe au tribunal, présentant les expériences personnelles de Micheline Dumont, Claudine Baudoux et Cécile Coderre, complètent le numéro. L'auteure note des convergences autour des thèmes suivants : l'importance de développer une tradition féministe ; l'articulation entre le public et le privé ; le lien entre la force des revendications féministes et la violence des réactions qu'elles suscitent, et la manifestation des sujets femmes dans la langue.

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23

El-Hageen, Hazem M., Aadel M. Alatwi, and Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed. "Laser measured rate equations with various transmission coders for optimum of data transmission error rates." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 20, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i3.pp1406-1412.

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<p> </p><p>The present study has outlined laser-measured rate equations with various transmission coders for optimum data transmission error rates. Various modulation transmission coders are employed, such as a pulse position modulation coder, a differential pulse intensity modulation coder, and a four band/five band modulation transmission coder, in order to create optimized data rates of up to 40 GB/s for a fiber extension length of up to 100 km. This study has emphasized the important role of pulse position modulation transmission coders, which exhibit superior performance in max. Q parameter and min. data error rates, even for high data rate transmission. </p>

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24

Jamieson, Donald G., Vijay Parsa, Moneca C. Price, and James Till. "Interaction of Speech Coders and Atypical Speech II." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 45, no. 4 (August 2002): 689–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/055).

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We investigated how standard speech coders, currently used in modern communication systems, affect the quality of the speech of persons who have common speech and voice disorders. Three standardized speech coders (GSM 6.10 RPELTP, FS1016 CELP, and FS1015 LPC) and two speech coders based on subband processing were evaluated for their performance. Coder effects were assessed by measuring the quality of speech samples both before and after processing by the speech coders. Speech quality was rated by 10 listeners with normal hearing on 28 different scales representing pitch and loudness changes, speech rate, laryngeal and resonatory dysfunction, and coder-induced distortions. Results showed that (a) nine scale items were consistently and reliably rated by the listeners; (b) all coders degraded speech quality on these nine scales, with the GSM and CELP coders providing the better quality speech; and (c) interactions between coders and individual voices did occur on several voice quality scales.

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25

Lépine, Irène. "Cécile CODERRE, Ann DENIS et Caroline ANDREW, Femmes de carrière / Carrières de femmes. Étude de trajectoires familiales, scolaires et professionnelles des gestionnaires québécoises et ontariennes." Recherches sociographiques 42, no. 3 (2001): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/057484ar.

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26

Robinson, Ann. "COLLECTIF, Réflexions juridiques sur le phénomène des femmes porteuses d'enfants, Cowansville, Éditions Yvon Blais (Prix Charles Coderre), 1986, 238 p., ISBN 2-89073-571-0." Les Cahiers de droit 30, no. 2 (1989): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042959ar.

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27

Gahbauer, Reinhard A., and Donn C. Young. "Comments on "Comparative Assessment of Single-Dose and Fractionated Boron Neutron Capture Therapy" by J. A. Coderre et al. (Radiat. Res. 144, 310-317, 1995)." Radiation Research 145, no. 4 (April 1996): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3579075.

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28

Melkevik, Bjarne. "SONIA LEBRIS (dir.), À la frontière de l'éthique et du droit, Cowansville, Éditions Yvon Blais, 1993, 182 p., ISBN 2-89073-873-6. (Prix Charles-Coderre.)." Les Cahiers de droit 35, no. 4 (1994): 964. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043309ar.

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29

Petrillo-Peixoto, M. L., and S. M. Beverley. "Amplified DNAs in laboratory stocks of Leishmania tarentolae: extrachromosomal circles structurally and functionally similar to the inverted-H-region amplification of methotrexate-resistant Leishmania major." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 12 (December 1988): 5188–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.12.5188.

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We describe the structure of amplified DNA that was discovered in two laboratory stocks of the protozoan parasite Leishmania tarentolae. Restriction mapping and molecular cloning revealed that a region of 42 kilobases was amplified 8- to 30-fold in these lines. Southern blot analyses of digested DNAs or chromosomes separated by pulsed-field electrophoresis showed that the amplified DNA corresponded to the H region, a locus defined originally by its amplification in methotrexate-resistant Leishmania major (S. M. Beverley, J. A. Coderre, D. V. Santi, and R. T. Schimke, Cell 38:431-439, 1984). Similarities between the amplified DNA of the two species included (i) extensive cross-hybridization; (ii) approximate conservation of sequence order; (iii) extrachromosomal localization; (iv) an overall inverted, head-to-head configuration as a circular 140-kilobase tetrameric molecule; (v) two regions of DNA sequence rearrangement, each of which was closely associated with the two centers of the inverted repeats; (vi) association with methotrexate resistance; and (vii) phenotypically conservative amplification, in which the wild-type chromosomal arrangement was retained without apparent modification. Our data showed that amplified DNA mediating drug resistance arose in unselected L. tarentolae, although the pressures leading to apparently spontaneous amplification and maintenance of the H region are not known. The simple structure and limited extent of DNA amplified in these and other Leishmania lines suggests that the study of gene amplification in Leishmania spp. offers an attractive model system for the study of amplification in cultured mammalian cells and tumors. We also introduced a method for measuring the size of large circular DNAs, using gamma-irradiation to introduce limited double-strand breaks followed by sizing of the linear DNAs by pulsed-field electrophoresis.

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30

Petrillo-Peixoto, M. L., and S. M. Beverley. "Amplified DNAs in laboratory stocks of Leishmania tarentolae: extrachromosomal circles structurally and functionally similar to the inverted-H-region amplification of methotrexate-resistant Leishmania major." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 12 (December 1988): 5188–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.12.5188-5199.1988.

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We describe the structure of amplified DNA that was discovered in two laboratory stocks of the protozoan parasite Leishmania tarentolae. Restriction mapping and molecular cloning revealed that a region of 42 kilobases was amplified 8- to 30-fold in these lines. Southern blot analyses of digested DNAs or chromosomes separated by pulsed-field electrophoresis showed that the amplified DNA corresponded to the H region, a locus defined originally by its amplification in methotrexate-resistant Leishmania major (S. M. Beverley, J. A. Coderre, D. V. Santi, and R. T. Schimke, Cell 38:431-439, 1984). Similarities between the amplified DNA of the two species included (i) extensive cross-hybridization; (ii) approximate conservation of sequence order; (iii) extrachromosomal localization; (iv) an overall inverted, head-to-head configuration as a circular 140-kilobase tetrameric molecule; (v) two regions of DNA sequence rearrangement, each of which was closely associated with the two centers of the inverted repeats; (vi) association with methotrexate resistance; and (vii) phenotypically conservative amplification, in which the wild-type chromosomal arrangement was retained without apparent modification. Our data showed that amplified DNA mediating drug resistance arose in unselected L. tarentolae, although the pressures leading to apparently spontaneous amplification and maintenance of the H region are not known. The simple structure and limited extent of DNA amplified in these and other Leishmania lines suggests that the study of gene amplification in Leishmania spp. offers an attractive model system for the study of amplification in cultured mammalian cells and tumors. We also introduced a method for measuring the size of large circular DNAs, using gamma-irradiation to introduce limited double-strand breaks followed by sizing of the linear DNAs by pulsed-field electrophoresis.

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31

Peter, Jochen, and Edmund Lauf. "Reliability in Cross-National Content Analysis." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 79, no. 4 (December 2002): 815–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769900207900404.

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Cross-national assessment of coding reliability and its methodological problems have largely been neglected. In an exploratory first study and a more elaborate second study, we investigated how coder characteristics such as language skills, political knowledge, coding experience, and coding certainty affected inter-coder and coder-trainer reliability. The second study showed that language skills influenced both reliability types, albeit mediated by coding certainty. Politically knowledgeable coders coded more reliably, while coding experience did not affect reliability. Overall, the results suggest that cross-national researchers pay more attention to cross-national assessment of reliability.

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32

Logan, Ellen, Maria O'Neill, and Corrie Martin. "Coder Educator: The Way Forward." Health Information Management 31, no. 2 (June 2003): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183335830303100207.

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The introduction of a new Coder Educator position in the Coding Unit at the Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, has been a key strategy in the development and maintenance of a skilled coding workforce, the improvement of the level of knowledge of the coding staff, and the provision of a career structure for clinical coders. In this report, the experience is related from the perspectives of the Coding Manager and the Coder Educator.

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33

Di Prospero, Carolina. "SUBJETIVIDADES TECNOARTÍSTICAS: INTERVENCIÓN IMAGINATIVA." De Signos y Sentidos, no. 20 (October 1, 2019): 6–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14409/ss.v0i20.8497.

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El objeto de estudio en este trabajo es el Live Coding, expresión musical digital desarrollada por un colectivo artistas computacionales, programando música en vivo. El live coder como programador artista, dialoga en un ida y vuelta con el lenguaje de programación que utiliza en sus performances, a través de la manipulación de los códigos en vivo (on the fly). En ese diálogo se produce la intervención imaginativa que los constituye como live coders: híbrido lenguaje–artista constituido en el momento de la improvisación. La intención exploratoria y experiencial caracteriza esta práctica tecnoartística. El artista y el software se hacen uno, se confunden, y los códigos tipeados en ese aquí y ahora se proyectan sobre el cuerpo del live coder, quien los porta como una máscara que los cubre durante toda la performance. En este artículo se aborda la subjetividad live coder: como artista computacional, como agente activo que subsume varios roles en una misma persona buscando eliminar las barreras entre quienes crean los lenguajes de programación y quienes ejecutan la música. Asímismo se analizará cómo a partir de la improvisación de la música algorítmica, los live coders construyen tanto su expresión artística como su autocomprensión como programadores artistas.

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34

Ulacha, Grzegorz, and Ryszard Stasinski. "Entropy Coder for Audio Signals." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eletel-2015-0029.

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Abstract In the paper an effective entropy coder designed for coding of prediction errors of audio signals is presented. The coder is implemented inside a greater structure, which signal modeling part is a lossless coding backward adaptation algorithm consisting of cascaded Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), three Normalized Least Mean Square (NLMS), and prediction error bias correction sections. The technique performance is compared to that of four other lossless codecs, including MPEG-4 Audio Lossless (ALS) one, and it is shown that indeed, on the average the new method is the best. The entropy coder is an advanced context adaptive Golomb one followed by two context adaptive arithmetic coders.

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Torres, S., and F. J. Casajús-Quirós. "Vocal system phase coder for sinusoidal speech coders." Electronics Letters 33, no. 20 (1997): 1683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19971139.

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Cox, Melanna F., Greg J. Petrucci, Robert T. Marcotte, Brittany R. Masteller, John Staudenmayer, Patty S. Freedson, and John R. Sirard. "A Novel Video-Based Direct Observation System for Assessing Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Children and Young Adults." Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmpb.2019-0015.

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Purpose: Develop a direct observation (DO) system to serve as a criterion measure for the calibration of models applied to free-living (FL) accelerometer data. Methods: Ten participants (19.4 ± 0.8 years) were video-recorded during four, one-hour FL sessions in different settings: 1) school, 2) home, 3) community, and 4) physical activity. For each setting, 10-minute clips from three randomly selected sessions were extracted and coded by one expert coder and up to 20 trained coders using the Observer XT software (Noldus, Wageningen, the Netherlands). The coder defines each whole-body movement which was further described with three modifiers: 1) locomotion, 2) activity type, and 3) MET value (used to categorize intensity level). Percent agreement was calculated for intra- and inter-rater reliability. For intra-rater reliability, the criterion coder coded all 12 clips twice, separated by at least one week between coding sessions. For inter-rater reliability, coded clips by trained coders were compared to the expert coder. Intraclass correlations (ICCs) were calculated to assess the agreement of intensity category for intra- and inter-rater comparisons described above. Results: For intra-rater reliability, mean percent agreement ranged from 91.9 ± 3.9% to 100.0 ± 0.0% across all variables in all settings. For inter-rater reliability, mean percent agreement ranged from 88.2 ± 3.5% to 100.0 ± 0.0% across all variables in all settings. ICCs for intensity category ranged from 0.74–1.00 and 0.81–1.00 for intra- and inter-rater comparisons, respectively. Conclusion: The DO system is reliable and feasible to serve as a criterion measure of FL physical activity in young adults to calibrate accelerometers, subsequently improving interpretation of surveillance and intervention research.

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KUMARI, R. SHANTHA SELVA, R. SURIYA PRABHA, and V. SADASIVAM. "ECG SIGNAL CODING USING BIORTHOGONAL WAVELET-BASED BURROWS–WHEELER CODER." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 09, no. 02 (March 2011): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691311004079.

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Wavelets are the powerful tool for signal processing especially bio-signal processing. Wavelet transform is used to represent the signal to some other time frequency representation better suited for detecting and removing redundancies. In this paper, electrocardiogram (ECG) signal coding using biorthogonal wavelet-based Burrows–Wheeler Coder is discussed. Biorthogonal wavelet transform is used to decompose the ECG signal. Then the Burrows–Wheeler Coder is applied in order to compress the decomposed ECG signal. The Burrows–Wheeler Coder is the combination of Burrows–Wheeler Transformation (BWT), Move-to-Front (MTF) coder and Huffman coder. Compression Ratio (CR) and Percent Root mean square Difference (PRD) are used as performance measures. ECG signals/records from MIT-BIH arrhythmic database are used to evaluate the performance of this coder. This algorithm is tested with 25 different records from MIT-BIH arrhythmia database and obtained the average PRD as 0.0307% to 3.8706% for the average CR of 3.6362 : 1 to 280.48 : 1. For record 117, the CR of 8.1638 : 1 is achieved with PRD 0.1652%. This experimental results show that this coder outperforms other coders such as Djohn, EZW, SPIHT, Novel algorithm etc. that exist in the literature in terms of coding efficiency and computation.

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Babcock, Julia C., and Josilyn C. Banks. "Interobserver agreement and the effects of ethnicity on observational coding of affect." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36, no. 9 (October 7, 2018): 2842–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407518803474.

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Objectives: The Specific Affect Coding System (SPAFF) is a reliable system for coding observed affect but few studies have tested its generalizability and susceptibility to bias. Methods: The current study compared highly trained African American and Caucasian coders’ scores when coding the same videos of African American and Caucasian American couples. Results: While it was hypothesized that Caucasian Americans may code African America couples as being more aggressive and less positive based on stereotypes, results revealed a significant Ethnicity of Coder × Ethnicity of Couple interaction on the “neutral” code only. Both African American and Caucasian coders tended to rate out-group couples as being less neutral and showing less interest than in-group couples. No other emotion was identified as being over-coded in lieu of neutral, however. Conclusion: Results suggest a subtle bias in SPAFF coding. Adding a diversity component to the SPAFF training and recruiting diverse coders is recommended.

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Law, M. J., M. M. White, and D. M. Lyle. "Computer or Manual Coding — Is There a Difference?" Australian Medical Record Journal 17, no. 3 (September 1987): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183335838701700304.

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Advances in computer technology have now made it possible to code diseases and operations by computer as compared to the present manual system. In this study the speed and accuracy of a computerised coding system (3M Codefinder) was compared with the manual method on a sample of 90 medical records processed by two senior Medical Record Administrators (MRAs) with similar coding experience. The computer method took an average of 20.9 seconds longer to code a record than the manual method. A review of disease and operation codes indicated that both coders had an error rate of around 20%. Errors were mainly due to the coder's judgement, which resulted in under-coding or incorrect coding. However, a small proportion of computer coder's errors were caused by software problems, the most common being inconsistent prompting for the Place of Occurrence Code. Thus, the manual method has a moderate speed advantage over the computer while being comparable in terms of accuracy.

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Groom, Andrea. "Making a Quality Start: A Coder Orientation Program." Health Information Management 31, no. 2 (June 2003): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183335830303100209.

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Orienting new clinical coders to the hospital's case mix should be a basic function of the organisation's Coding Service. After much trial and error, Southern Health Coding and Casemix Services has devised an orientation program that brings together, in a structured and logical manner, all the elements a coder needs to know. This article describes the current coding orientation program.

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Sloos, Marjoleine. "Accent-induced coder bias." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 13, no. 1 (June 23, 2015): 59–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.13.1.03slo.

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Recent research has shown that speech perception can easily be influenced by the overall accent of the speaker. This paper investigates whether such accentinduced bias also occurs in speech transcription by professional and linguistically trained coders and to what extent such a bias may affect linguistic analyses. We compare the transcriptions of the Bären vowel in Standard German with the acoustic values of these vowels, as well as sociolinguistic analyses based on both of these. The results of the two analyses turn out to be considerably different. Further examination shows that the coders only partly relied on the acoustic values. The residual does not consist of random errors, but correlate with the degree of accentedness of the speakers. We conclude that this accent-induced coder bias led the coders to transcribe the codings according to their expectations about the pronunciation in the local dialect – expectations that were quite different from the acoustic reality.

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Moding, Kameron, Anabelle Bonvecchio, Cloe Rawlinson, Harriet Okronipa, Selene Pacheco Miranda, Rebecca Boenig, Abigail Flesher, and Susan Johnson. "Development of a Live Coding Scheme to Assess Food Acceptance Among Infants and Toddlers in Naturalistic Settings." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa053_074.

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Abstract Objectives Small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) are designed to address malnutrition among infants and toddlers during complementary feeding. There is currently limited research assessing children's acceptability (i.e., behavioral response to the taste) of these supplements, and acceptability may predict long term consumption of these foods. We aimed to adapt a video coding protocol for use in naturalistic settings to determine child food acceptance. Methods Infants (ages 7 to 24 months) were fed two versions of an SQ-LNS (sweetened, unsweetened) mixed with a familiar food (e.g., infant oatmeal, banana) by mothers at two different study sites: a laboratory in Denver, Colorado (n = 56; 86% Non-Hispanic White) and family homes in the state of Morelos, Mexico (n = 62). Trained coders used a video coding (VC) scheme to rate child acceptance of each spoon offer using a 4-point scale (0 = refusal, 1 = enforced, 2 = acceptance, 3 = anticipation). The VC scheme was subsequently adapted for use as: 1) a live coding (LC) scheme to be used in participant homes, and 2) a video live coding (VLC) scheme to be used as a reliability check on the LC scheme. The LC scheme was tested with a sample of infants and caregivers (n = 20) selected using stratified sampling [infant age, supplement group (sweetened, unsweetened)] from the Mexico trial. One coder rated the infants’ responses to the SQ-LNS while observing the feeding interaction in the home. A second coder rated the same infants’ responses while later watching a video of the feeding (VLC). To simulate LC, the second coder did not pause the video. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to assess inter-rater reliability between sites and coding methods. Results Reliabilities for VC between Denver and Mexico coders were excellent (ICC > .94), as were reliabilities for coders within study sites (ICCs > .95). Reliabilities calculated between coders utilizing different coding methods were moderate (VLC and LC: ICC = .75), good (LC and VC: ICC = .87), or excellent (VC and VLC: ICC = .93). Conclusions Our LC scheme demonstrated good reliability with a VC scheme to assess infant acceptability of an SQ-LNS. Since traditional VC is both resource and time-intensive, our LC scheme may be useful for assessing infant food acceptance in resource-limited settings. Funding Sources Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN).

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Gologorsky, Yakov, John J. Knightly, Yi Lu, John H. Chi, and Michael W. Groff. "Improving discharge data fidelity for use in large administrative databases." Neurosurgical Focus 36, no. 6 (June 2014): E2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.3.focus1459.

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Object Large administrative databases have assumed a major role in population-based studies examining health care delivery. Lumbar fusion surgeries specifically have been scrutinized for rising rates coupled with ill-defined indications for fusion such as stenosis and spondylosis. Administrative databases classify cases with the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM). The ICD-9-CM discharge codes are not designated by surgeons, but rather are assigned by trained hospital medical coders. It is unclear how accurately they capture the surgeon's indication for fusion. The authors first sought to compare the ICD-9-CM code(s) assigned by the medical coder according to the surgeon's indication based on a review of the medical chart, and then to elucidate barriers to data fidelity. Methods A retrospective review was undertaken of all lumbar fusions performed in the Department of Neurosurgery at the authors' institution between August 1, 2011, and August 31, 2013. Based on this review, the indication for fusion in each case was categorized as follows: spondylolisthesis, deformity, tumor, infection, nonpathological fracture, pseudarthrosis, adjacent-level degeneration, stenosis, degenerative disc disease, or disc herniation. These surgeon diagnoses were compared with the primary ICD-9-CM codes that were generated by the medical coders and submitted to administrative databases. A follow-up interview with the hospital's coders and coding manager was undertaken to review causes of error and suggestions for future improvement in data fidelity. Results There were 178 lumbar fusion operations performed in the course of 170 hospital admissions. There were 44 hospitalizations in which fusion was performed for tumor, infection, or nonpathological fracture. Of these, the primary diagnosis matched the surgical indication for fusion in 98% of cases. The remaining 126 hospitalizations were for degenerative diseases, and of these, the primary ICD-9-CM diagnosis matched the surgeon's diagnosis in only 61 (48%) of 126 cases of degenerative disease. When both the primary and all secondary ICD-9-CM diagnoses were considered, the indication for fusion was identified in 100 (79%) of 126 cases. Still, in 21% of hospitalizations, the coder did not identify the surgical diagnosis, which was in fact present in the chart. There are many different causes of coding inaccuracy and data corruption. They include factors related to the quality of documentation by the physicians, coder training and experience, and ICD code ambiguity. Conclusions Researchers, policymakers, payers, and physicians should note these limitations when reviewing studies in which hospital claims data are used. Advanced domain-specific coder training, increased attention to detail and utilization of ICD-9-CM diagnoses by the surgeon, and improved direction from the surgeon to the coder may augment data fidelity and minimize coding errors. By understanding sources of error, users of these large databases can evaluate their limitations and make more useful decisions based on them.

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SENAPATI, RANJAN K., UMESH C. PATI, and KAMALA K. MAHAPATRA. "LOW BIT RATE IMAGE COMPRESSION USING HIERARCHICAL LISTLESS BLOCK-TREE DTT ALGORITHM." International Journal of Image and Graphics 13, no. 01 (January 2013): 1350005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467813500058.

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This paper presents a listless variant of modified wavelet block tree coding (MLBTC) algorithm. Wavelet block-tree coding (WBTC) improves the image compression performance of set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) at lower rates by efficiently encoding both inter- and intra-scale correlations. The use of auxiliary lists makes WBTC undesirable for hardware implementation as it needs a lot of memory management due to exponential increase of nodes on each pass. The proposed coder named as hierarchical listless block-tree DTT (HLBT_DTT) that combines discrete Tchebichef transform (DTT) with MLBTC exhibits compression performance significantly higher than most of the DCT-based embedded coders and comparable with JPEG 2000, especially at lower bit rates. Further, HLBT_DTT requires only 10% of memory than that of DCT-based SPIHT/WBTC coders.

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Antini, Carmen, Danuta Rajs, María Teresa Muñoz-Quezada, Boris Andrés Lucero Mondaca, and Gerardo Heiss. "Reliability of cause of death coding: an international comparison." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 31, no. 7 (July 2015): 1473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00099814.

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This study evaluates the agreement of nosologic coding of cardiovascular causes of death between a Chilean coder and one in the United States, in a stratified random sample of death certificates of persons aged ≥ 60, issued in 2008 in the Valparaíso and Metropolitan regions, Chile. All causes of death were converted to ICD-10 codes in parallel by both coders. Concordance was analyzed with inter-coder agreement and Cohen’s kappa coefficient by level of specification ICD-10 code for the underlying cause and the total causes of death coding. Inter-coder agreement was 76.4% for all causes of death and 80.6% for the underlying cause (agreement at the four-digit level), with differences by the level of specification of the ICD-10 code, by line of the death certificate, and by number of causes of death per certificate. Cohen's kappa coefficient was 0.76 (95%CI: 0.68-0.84) for the underlying cause and 0.75 (95%CI: 0.74-0.77) for the total causes of death. In conclusion, causes of death coding and inter-coder agreement for cardiovascular diseases in two regions of Chile are comparable to an external benchmark and with reports from other countries.

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Stayart, C. Abigail, Patrick D. Brandt, Abigail M. Brown, Tamara Dahl, Rebekah L. Layton, Kimberly A. Petrie, Emma N. Flores-Kim, Christopher G. Peña, Cynthia N. Fuhrmann, and Gabriela C. Monsalve. "Applying inter-rater reliability to improve consistency in classifying PhD career outcomes." F1000Research 9 (January 9, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.21046.1.

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Background: There has been a groundswell of national support for transparent tracking and dissemination of PhD career outcomes. In 2017, individuals from multiple institutions and professional organizations met to create the Unified Career Outcomes Taxonomy (UCOT 2017), a three-tiered taxonomy to help institutions uniformly classify career outcomes of PhD graduates. Early adopters of UCOT 2017, noted ambiguity in some categories of the career taxonomy, raising questions about its consistent application within and across institutions. Methods: To test and evaluate the consistency of UCOT 2017, we calculated inter-rater reliability across two rounds of iterative refinement of the career taxonomy, classifying over 800 PhD alumni records via nine coders. Results: We identified areas of discordance in the taxonomy, and progressively refined UCOT 2017 and an accompanying Guidance Document to improve inter-rater reliability across all three tiers of the career taxonomy. However, differing interpretations of the classifications, especially for faculty classifications in the third tier, resulted in continued discordance among the coders. We addressed this discordance with clarifying language in the Guidance Document, and proposed the addition of a flag system for identification of the title, rank, and prefix of faculty members. This labeling system provides the additional benefit of highlighting the granularity and the intersectionality of faculty job functions, while maintaining the ability to sort by - and report data on - faculty and postdoctoral trainee roles, as is required by some national and federal reporting guidelines. We provide specific crosswalk guidance for how a user may choose to incorporate our suggestions while maintaining the ability to report in accordance with UCOT 2017. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the importance of detailed guidance documents, coder training, and periodic collaborative review of career outcomes taxonomies as PhD careers evolve in the global workforce. Implications for coder-training and use of novice coders are also discussed.

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Stayart, C. Abigail, Patrick D. Brandt, Abigail M. Brown, Tamara Dahl, Rebekah L. Layton, Kimberly A. Petrie, Emma N. Flores-Kim, Christopher G. Peña, Cynthia N. Fuhrmann, and Gabriela C. Monsalve. "Applying inter-rater reliability to improve consistency in classifying PhD career outcomes." F1000Research 9 (April 28, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.21046.2.

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Background: There has been a groundswell of national support for transparent tracking and dissemination of PhD career outcomes. In 2017, individuals from multiple institutions and professional organizations met to create the Unified Career Outcomes Taxonomy (UCOT 2017), a three-tiered taxonomy to help institutions uniformly classify career outcomes of PhD graduates. Early adopters of UCOT 2017, noted ambiguity in some categories of the career taxonomy, raising questions about its consistent application within and across institutions. Methods: To test and evaluate the consistency of UCOT 2017, we calculated inter-rater reliability across two rounds of iterative refinement of the career taxonomy, classifying over 800 PhD alumni records via nine coders. Results: We identified areas of discordance in the taxonomy, and progressively refined UCOT 2017 and an accompanying Guidance Document to improve inter-rater reliability across all three tiers of the career taxonomy. However, differing interpretations of the classifications, especially for faculty classifications in the third tier, resulted in continued discordance among the coders. We addressed this discordance with clarifying language in the Guidance Document, and proposed the addition of a flag system for identification of the title, rank, and prefix of faculty members. This labeling system provides the additional benefit of highlighting the granularity and the intersectionality of faculty job functions, while maintaining the ability to sort by - and report data on - faculty and postdoctoral trainee roles, as is required by some national and federal reporting guidelines. We provide specific crosswalk guidance for how a user may choose to incorporate our suggestions while maintaining the ability to report in accordance with UCOT 2017. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the importance of detailed guidance documents, coder training, and periodic collaborative review of career outcomes taxonomies as PhD careers evolve in the global workforce. Implications for coder-training and use of novice coders are also discussed.

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Painczyk, Heinrich, Sharief Hendricks, and Wilbur Kraak. "Intra and inter-reliability testing of a South African developed computerised notational system among Western Province Club Rugby Coaches." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 13, no. 6 (September 4, 2018): 1163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954118796368.

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The coach’s role is to enhance the performance of players through observing the performance, evaluating the performance, providing feedback on the performance and then implementing appropriate interventions to improve the performance. In coaching environments specifically, there can only be confidence in the data generated from computerised notational systems if the system provides reliable information and statistics. There are many systems on the market that are being utilised by amateur club rugby coaches and performance analysts; yet only a few have been tested for reliability. The aim of the study is to firstly, determine the inter- and intra-coder reliability of a South African developed computerised notational systems and secondly, to compare the coding proficiency of Western Province Rugby Union club coaches versus an experienced coder. Five club coaches with no prior experience of computerised notational systems or coding and one experienced coder participated in the study. The participants ( n = 6) each coded five international rugby matches and re-coded two of these matches to determine the intra-coder reliability. The reliability between the different coding agreements was measured using Cohen’s kappa statistic (К). The study revealed a good inter-coder agreement for all the performance indicators (К = 0.79) with the strongest agreement being for the set pieces (К = 0.93). Very good intra-coder reliability was also revealed for all the coders; there was a mean of К = 0.82. Comparing the club coach’s coding to the experienced coder showed a good mean agreement of К = 0.77. The study concluded that the EncodeProRX is a reliable computerised notational systems that can be accurately and consistently used in club rugby set-up.

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Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Joshua Krusell, Juraj Medzihorsky, Josefine Pernes, Svend-Erik Skaaning, et al. "The Methodology of “Varieties of Democracy” (V-Dem)1." Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique 143, no. 1 (July 2019): 107–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0759106319854989.

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This article describes and discusses the new generation of methodological responses to measuring democracy and related issues generated by Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem). V-Dem is distinct in several regards in addition to its unique level of disaggregation, by the combination of: historical data extending back to 1900 and for a large selection among them to 1789 for many countries in the world; use of multiple, independent coders for each evaluative question; inter-coder reliability tests incorporated into a custom designed Bayesian item-response theory measurement model; provision of confidence bounds for all point estimates associated with expert-coded questions as well as for all indices; multiple indices reflecting varying theories of democracy; fully transparent aggregation procedures; and that all data are made freely available, including original coder-level judgments (exclusive of any personal identifying information).

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Sadurní, Marta, and Carlos Rostan. "Regression Periods in Infancy: A Case Study from Catalonia." Spanish Journal of Psychology 5, no. 1 (May 2002): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600005813.

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Based on Rijt-Plooij and Plooij's (1992) research on emergence of regression periods in the first two years of life, the presence of such periods in a group of 18 babies (10 boys and 8 girls, aged between 3 weeks and 14 months) from a Catalonian population was analyzed. The measurements were a questionnaire filled in by the infants' mothers, a semi-structured weekly tape-recorded interview, and observations in their homes. The procedure and the instruments used in the project follow those proposed by Rijt-Plooij and Plooij. Our results confirm the existence of the regression periods in the first year of children's life. Inter-coder agreement for trained coders was 78.2% and within-coder agreement was 90.1 %. In the discussion, the possible meaning and relevance of regression periods in order to understand development from a psychobiological and social framework is commented upon.

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