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Journal articles on the topic 'Codes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 June 2025

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1

Mitra, Indu, Tass Malik, Jarrod J. Homer, and Sean Loughran. "Audit of Clinical Coding of Major Head and Neck Operations." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 91, no. 3 (April 2009): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588409x391884.

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INTRODUCTION Within the NHS, operations are coded using the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) classification system. These codes, together with diagnostic codes, are used to generate Healthcare Resource Group (HRG) codes, which correlate to a payment bracket. The aim of this study was to determine whether allocated procedure codes for major head and neck operations were correct and reflective of the work undertaken. HRG codes generated were assessed to determine accuracy of remuneration. PATIENTS AND METHODS The coding of consecutive major head and neck operations undertaken in

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Draugelis, Sarah, Jessica Hunnewell, Sam Bishop, Reena Goswami, Sean G. Smith, Philip Sutherland, Justin Hickman, Donald A. Donahue, George A. Yendewa, and Amir M. Mohareb. "Leveraging Electronic Health Records in International Humanitarian Clinics for Population Health Research: Cross-Sectional Study." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 11 (April 17, 2025): e66223-e66223. https://doi.org/10.2196/66223.

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Abstract Background As more humanitarian relief organizations are beginning to use electronic medical records in their operations, data from clinical encounters can be leveraged for public health planning. Currently, medical data from humanitarian medical workers are infrequently available in a format that can be analyzed, interpreted, and used for public health. Objectives This study aims to develop and test a methodology by which diagnosis and procedure codes can be derived from free-text medical encounters by medical relief practitioners for the purposes of data analysis. Methods We conduct

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Nascimento Teixeira, Bernardo, Ana Leitão, Generosa Nascimento, Adalberto Campos-Fernandes, and Francisco Cercas. "Can ChatGPT Support Clinical Coding Using the ICD-10-CM/PCS?" Informatics 11, no. 4 (November 7, 2024): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics11040084.

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Introduction: With the growing development and adoption of artificial intelligence in healthcare and across other sectors of society, various user-friendly and engaging tools to support research have emerged, such as chatbots, notably ChatGPT. Objective: To investigate the performance of ChatGPT as an assistant to medical coders using the ICD-10-CM/PCS. Methodology: We conducted a prospective exploratory study between 2023 and 2024 over 6 months. A total of 150 clinical cases coded using the ICD-10-CM/PCS, extracted from technical coding books, were systematically randomized. All cases were tr

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Skorokhod, Sergey, and Andrey Barlit. "Software optimization for fast encoding and decoding of Reed-Solomon codes." Telfor Journal 14, no. 2 (2022): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/telfor2202056s.

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In this work, we propose a software library written in C for encoding and decoding Reed-Solomon codes. Library consists of one scalar CODEC and two vectorized codecs for x86 architecture. Vectorized codecs use the benefits of SSSE3 or AVX2 instruction sets. We compare the performance of our three codecs with the JPWL RS CODEC from the Open JPEG library. The performance comparison methodology is described, and it is based on the measuring of the encoding and decoding speed. The results demonstrate a 4.1x speed gain with the scalar CODEC and a 19.6x gain with the vectorized CODEC. Based on testi

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P, Shahnas. "Performance Analysis of Regular and Irregular LDPC Codes on SPIHT Coded Image Data." International Journal of Computer Communication and Informatics 2, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/ijcci2021.

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The LDPC (Low Density Parity Check Code) has Shown interesting results for transmitting embedded bit streams over noisy communication channels. Performance comparison of regular and irregular LDPC codes with SPIHT coded image is done here. Different Error Sensitive classes of image data are obtained by using SPIHT algorithm as an image coder. Irregular LDPC codes map the more important class of data into a higher degree protection class to provide more protection. Different degree protection classes of an LDPC code improves the overall performance of data transmission against channel errors. S

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Glory, V., and S. Domnic. "Re-Ordered FEGC and Block Based FEGC for Inverted File Compression." International Journal of Information Retrieval Research 3, no. 1 (January 2013): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijirr.2013010105.

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Data compression has been widely used in many Information Retrieval based applications like web search engines, digital libraries, etc. to enable the retrieval of data to be faster. In these applications, universal codes (Elias codes (EC), Fibonacci code (FC), Rice code (RC), Extended Golomb code (EGC), Fast Extended Golomb code (FEGC) etc.) have been preferably used than statistical codes (Huffman codes, Arithmetic codes etc). Universal codes are easy to be constructed and decoded than statistical codes. In this paper, the authors have proposed two methods to construct universal codes based o

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Albagmi, Salem. "Impact of Inaccurate Clinical Coding on Financial Outcome: A Study in a local hospital in Najran, Saudi Arabia." F1000Research 13 (July 22, 2024): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.149154.1.

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Background Coding in medical procedures is crucial for patients, and errors made by hospital administration during the coding process can have an impact on both the financial results and the course of therapy. The present study aims to assess the accuracy of diagnostic and procedural codes as recorded by the hospital’s coders and to also evaluate their impact on the hospital’s revenue. Methods In a local hospital in Najran, Saudi Arabia, a cross-sectional observational analysis was conducted on patients with a clinical coder. The percentage of precision and error following the re-coding of cas

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Ma, Shang-Chih. "Trellis-Coded Multilevel Coset Codes." IETE Journal of Research 65, no. 6 (April 9, 2018): 887–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2018.1454346.

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Abdulla, Suha, Natalie Simon, Kelvin Woodhams, Carla Hayman, Mohamed Oumar, Lucy Rose Howroyd, and Gulshan Cindy Sethi. "Improving the quality of clinical coding and payments through student doctor–coder collaboration in a tertiary haematology department." BMJ Open Quality 9, no. 1 (March 2020): e000723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2019-000723.

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Hospitals within the UK are paid for services provided by ‘Payment-by-Results’. In a system that rewards productivity, effective collaboration between coders and clinicians is crucial. However, clinical coding is frequently error prone and has been shown to impact negatively on departmental revenue. Our aim was to increase the median number of diagnostic codes per sickle cell inpatient admission at Guy’s Hospital by 3. Three interventions were implemented using the Plan, Do, Study, Act structure. This consisted of student doctors searching for diagnoses along with comorbidities that clinical c

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Ma, X., and L. Ping. "Coded Modulation Using Superimposed Binary Codes." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 50, no. 12 (December 2004): 3331–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2004.838104.

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Robertson, P., and T. Wörz. "Coded modulation scheme employing turbo codes." Electronics Letters 31, no. 18 (August 31, 1995): 1546–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19951064.

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Zhang, Yan, Feng-fan Yang, and Weijun Song. "Performance Analysis for Cooperative Communication System with QC-LDPC Codes Constructed with Integer Sequences." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/649814.

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This paper presents four different integer sequences to construct quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes with mathematical theory. The paper introduces the procedure of the coding principle and coding. Four different integer sequences constructing QC-LDPC code are compared with LDPC codes by using PEG algorithm, array codes, and the Mackey codes, respectively. Then, the integer sequence QC-LDPC codes are used in coded cooperative communication. Simulation results show that the integer sequence constructed QC-LDPC codes are effective, and overall performance is better than that o

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Syafrawati, Syafrawati, Rizanda Machmud, Prof Syed Mohammed Aljunid, and Rima Semiarty. "INCIDENCE AND ROOT CAUSE OF UPCODING IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE IN RURAL PROVINCE HOSPITAL IN INDONESIA." Asia Pacific Fraud Journal 5, no. 1 (June 20, 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21532/apfjournal.v5i1.135.

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Upcoding is one of important indicators of moral hazard and fraud in Social Health Insurance scheme. However, there seems to be little evidence about incidence of upcoding and how upcoding occurs in hospital, especially in rural province hospital. The objective of this study is to determine incidence and root cause of upcoding in the implementation of Social Health Insurance in Rural Province Hospital in Indonesia. The data used in this study were both qualitative and quantitative data (mixed method). Three hundred and sixty (360) inpatient medical records from six rural province hospitals wer

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Topalov, Vladislav, Iryna Tregubova, Mykola Severyn, and Iryna Hurklis. "Modification of chaotic interleaver for turbo codes with a change to the duffing equation and accounting for the distance spectrum of the code." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 9 (126) (December 21, 2023): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2023.292850.

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Various types of interleavers in turbo codes and their parameters affecting the efficiency of turbo codes are considered. It is noted that the type of interleaver directly affects the efficiency and error correcting of turbo codes. Also, the efficiency of turbo codes is influenced by the parameters of the minimum distance, the length of interleaver, and the distance spectrum of the code. A modification of the chaotic interleaver of turbo codes is proposed with the change of the equation to the Duffing and with examining the code's distance spectrum with the condition of increasing the code's d

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Auli-Llinas, Francesc. "Fast and Efficient Entropy Coding Architectures for Massive Data Compression." Technologies 11, no. 5 (September 26, 2023): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies11050132.

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The compression of data is fundamental to alleviating the costs of transmitting and storing massive datasets employed in myriad fields of our society. Most compression systems employ an entropy coder in their coding pipeline to remove the redundancy of coded symbols. The entropy-coding stage needs to be efficient, to yield high compression ratios, and fast, to process large amounts of data rapidly. Despite their widespread use, entropy coders are commonly assessed for some particular scenario or coding system. This work provides a general framework to assess and optimize different entropy code

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Navarrete, Federico. "The Hidden Codes of the Codex Azcatitlan." Res: Anthropology and aesthetics 45 (March 2004): 144–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/resv45n1ms20167625.

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Ganesan, G., and P. Stoica. "Achieving optimum coded diversity with scalar codes." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 47, no. 5 (July 2001): 2078–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/18.930946.

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Pittermann, Johannes, Michael Lentmaier, and Kamil Sh Zigangirov. "On coded modulation using LDPC convolutional codes." AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 59, no. 4 (June 2005): 254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2004.11.022.

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Saifuddin, A., N. Kadowaki, R. Imai, H. Okazawa, and M. Yamamoto. "HDR satellite codec with concatenated multilevel codes." Electronics Letters 33, no. 6 (1997): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19970319.

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DeBell, Matthew. "Harder Than It Looks: Coding Political Knowledge on the ANES." Political Analysis 21, no. 4 (2013): 393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpt010.

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Political knowledge research faces a problem, perhaps even a crisis. For two decades, the American National Election Studies asked open-ended questions about political knowledge and coded answers using procedures that are neither reliable nor replicable and that were never shown to be optimally valid. Consequently, conclusions based on these widely used measures of the public's competence are in doubt. This article presents several new and overdue methodological improvements: coding knowledge data using formal and specific coding rules based on a substantive rationale for the validity of the c

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Yen, Chih-Ta, Ing-Jr Ding, and Cheng-Mu Tsai. "PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SEVERAL QUASI-ORTHOGONAL CODES OPTICAL CDMA FOR RADIO-OVER-FIBER SYSTEM." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 37, no. 3 (September 2013): 415–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2013-0031.

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An optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) network for radio-over-fiber (RoF) transmissions was proposed. The network encoders/decoders (codecs) were structured based on arrayed-waveguide-grating (AWG) routers coded using modified prime codes (MPCs). In the proposed system, the lower in-phase cross correlation could reduce the beating noise, and in the proposed study, its performance was compared with that of a conventional system that uses M-sequence and Walsh-Hadamard codes. The performance of both systems was numerically evaluated by analyzing the effect of phase-induced-intensity noi

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HIRD, J. T., NAIHUAN JING, and ERNEST STITZINGER. "CODES AND SHIFTED CODES." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 22, no. 06 (August 31, 2012): 1250054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196712500543.

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The action of the Bernstein operators on Schur functions was given in terms of codes by Carrell and Goulden (2011) and extended to the analog in Schur Q-functions in our previous work. We define a new combinatorial model of extended codes and show that both of these results follow from a natural combinatorial relation induced on codes. The new algebraic structure provides a natural setting for Schur functions indexed by compositions.

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Lei, Guo Wei, Yuan An Liu, and Xue Fang Xiao. "Threaded Space Time Code Design for CPM with Joint Decoding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 631-632 (September 2014): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.631-632.847.

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In the letter, a system of continuous phase modulation (CPM) with threaded space time codes (TSTC) is proposed for multiple-input multiple-output systems. In the system, source bits are coded via outer coder of Reed Solomon (RS). The codeword of which is suitable for TSTC design. Then inner coder mainly converts binary symbols into M-ary symbols for purpose of CPM. At receiver, Joint soft decoding approach is considered. Finally simulation results are provided for VBLAST, DBLAST, and TSTC as comparison.

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Subotin, Michael, and Anthony R. Davis. "A method for modeling co-occurrence propensity of clinical codes with application to ICD-10-PCS auto-coding." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 23, no. 5 (February 17, 2016): 866–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocv201.

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Abstract Objective Natural language processing methods for medical auto-coding, or automatic generation of medical billing codes from electronic health records, generally assign each code independently of the others. They may thus assign codes for closely related procedures or diagnoses to the same document, even when they do not tend to occur together in practice, simply because the right choice can be difficult to infer from the clinical narrative. Methods We propose a method that injects awareness of the propensities for code co-occurrence into this process. First, a model is trained to est

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Pasma, Annelieke, Adriaan van ’t Spijker, Jolanda J. Luime, Margot J. M. Walter, Jan J. V. Busschbach, and Johanna M. W. Hazes. "Facilitators and Barriers to Adherence in the Initiation Phase of Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drug (DMARD) Use in Patients with Arthritis Who Recently Started Their First DMARD Treatment." Journal of Rheumatology 42, no. 3 (December 15, 2014): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.140693.

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Objective.To explore themes associated with adherence in the initiation phase for first-time use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) in patients with inflammatory arthritis using focus groups and individual interviews.Methods.Thirty-three patients were interviewed in focus groups and individual interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and imported into ATLAS.ti software (Scientific Software Development GmbH). Responses that included reasons for adherence or nonadherence in the initiation phase were extracted and coded by 2 coders separately. The 2 coders conferred until co

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Vorobchuk, Maria, and Kalina Pashkevych. "Digital Code as an Object Graphic Design for Dissemination and Promotion of Brand." Art History & Criticism 19, no. 1 (November 30, 2023): 130–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mik-2023-0010.

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Summary The article reveals the features of the graphic language of coded information by identifying, systematizing, and combining QR-codes and AR-codes at the present stage of graphic design development. The analysis of coded information in different types of graphic design is presented: advertising, environmental, motion, print, packaging, set prop, web, mobile app, art, and illustration graphic design. The role of a graphic designer in the development of digital codes of various types for various fields of application is described. It is proved that the coded information is a trigger betwee

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Alekseev, Maksim. "On Strengthening of Weak Algebraic Manipulation Detection Codes." International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems 6, no. 2 (April 2015): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijertcs.2015040101.

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Algebraic manipulation detection codes were introduced in 2008 to protect data against a special type of its modification – an algebraic manipulation. There are three classes of codes: weak, strong and stronger ones. Weak codes detect only weak algebraic manipulations, while strong and stronger are capable to detect both weak and strong manipulations. In this paper, a method to transform codes from weak to stronger is described resulting in a construction of generalized robust codes. The proposed construction forms the second known family of stronger AMD codes. Codes provide simple procedures

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Bras-Amorós, Maria. "Algebraic-geometry codes, one-point codes, and evaluation codes." Designs, Codes and Cryptography 43, no. 2-3 (May 11, 2007): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10623-007-9074-5.

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Høholdt, Tom, Fernando Piñero, and Peng Zeng. "Optimal codes as Tanner codes with cyclic component codes." Designs, Codes and Cryptography 76, no. 1 (April 16, 2014): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10623-014-9962-4.

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Yen, Chih Ta, and Wen Bin Chen. "A Study of Modified Prime Codes Optical CDMA for Wired-Wireless System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 2672–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.2672.

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In this study, we propose optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) network for the radio-over-fiber (RoF) transmissions. The network encoder/decoders (codecs) are structured on the basis of arrayed-waveguide-grating (AWG) routers coded with modified prime codes (MPCs). Performances are numerically evaluated with the effect of phase-induced-intensity-noise (PIIN). It showed that the new code families with lower cross correlation can suppress the intensity noise and cancel out the multiple-access interference (MAI) in balanced detection process effectively and hence improve the system perfo

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Tehrani, David M., Chenghua Cao, Homin Kwark, and Susan S. Huang. "Estimated Burden of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in California Hospitals after Changes to Administrative Codes, 2005–2010." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 34, no. 11 (November 2013): 1218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/673444.

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We assess the impact of revised International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus burden in California hospitals. Codes were rapidly adopted, demonstrating new capture of colonization and continued relatively stable capture of infections. Nevertheless, despite new colonization codes, coded data demonstrated poor retention between serial hospitalizations.

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Bakri, Adil, Abderrahmane Amrouche, Mourad Abbas, and Lallouani Bouchakour. "Automatic Speech Recognition For Voip With Packet Loss Concealment." AL-Lisaniyyat 22, no. 2 (May 30, 2016): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.61850/allj.v22i2.376.

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This paper proposes a packet loss concealment (PLC) technique for increase the robustness of automatic speech recognition (ASR) of speech coded with the G729 codec, on the Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). Many of the standard ITU-T CELP based speech coders, such as the G.723.1, G.728, and G.729, model speech reproduction in their decoders. These decoders have enough state information to integrate PLC algorithms directly in the decoder, and are specified as part of their standards in particular by PLC based ITU-T G711 Appendix I. Speech is transmitted with source and channel codes optimized

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Murad, Mohsin, Imran A. Tasadduq, and Pablo Otero. "Coded-GFDM for Reliable Communication in Underwater Acoustic Channels." Sensors 22, no. 7 (March 30, 2022): 2639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072639.

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The performance of the coded generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) transceiver has been evaluated in a shallow underwater acoustic channel (UAC). Acoustic transmission is the scheme of choice for communication in UAC since radio waves suffer from absorption and light waves scatter. Although orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has found its ground for multicarrier acoustic underwater communication, it suffers from high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) and out of band (OOB) emissions. We propose a coded-GFDM based multicarrier system since GFDM has a higher spectral

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Kerpez, K. J. "Runlength codes from source codes." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 37, no. 3 (May 1991): 682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/18.79932.

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Shalvi, Ofir, Naftali Sommer, and Meir Feder. "Signal Codes: Convolutional Lattice Codes." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 57, no. 8 (August 2011): 5203–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2011.2158876.

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Cohnen, G., S. Encheva, S. Litsyn, and H. G. Schaathun. "Intersecting codes and separating codes." Discrete Applied Mathematics 128, no. 1 (May 2003): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-218x(02)00437-7.

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Softky, William R. "Simple codes versus efficient codes." Current Opinion in Neurobiology 5, no. 2 (April 1995): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-4388(95)80032-8.

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Hien, Ngo Thi, and Do Long Van. "Codes Induced by Alternative Codes." Acta Mathematica Vietnamica 43, no. 2 (February 13, 2018): 357–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40306-018-0247-2.

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Ehrenfeucht, Andrzej, Joost Engelfriet, Paulien ten Pas, and Grzegorz Rozenberg. "GRAMMATICAL CODES OF TREES AND TERMINALLY CODED GRAMMARS." Fundamenta Informaticae 23, no. 1 (1995): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-1995-2311.

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Ahd, Abdussalam Ibn, Hidehiko Tanabe, and Hiroyuki Umeda. "Low complexity coded modulation with codes over Zm." Journal of Communications and Networks 3, no. 2 (June 2001): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jcn.2001.6596854.

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Rimoldi, B., and Quinn Li. "Coded continuous phase modulation using ring convolutional codes." IEEE Transactions on Communications 43, no. 11 (1995): 2714–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.481222.

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Baro, S., G. Bauch, and A. Hansmann. "Improved codes for space-time trellis-coded modulation." IEEE Communications Letters 4, no. 1 (January 2000): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/4234.823537.

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Morales-Moreno, F., W. Holubowicz, and S. Pasupathy. "Optimization of trellis coded TFM via matched codes." IEEE Transactions on Communications 42, no. 2/3/4 (February 1994): 1586–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.1994.582851.

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Nygren, T., A. Huuskonen, and P. Pollari. "Alternating-coded multipulse codes for incoherent scatter experiments." Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 58, no. 1-4 (January 1996): 465–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(95)00049-6.

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Jonoska, NataŠa, Kalpana Mahalingam, and Junghuei Chen. "Involution codes: with application to DNA coded languages." Natural Computing 4, no. 2 (June 2005): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11047-004-4009-9.

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Geng, Fu Quan, Zhi Gang Huang, Xuan Jie Ning, and Mao Fan Yang. "A Joint Improved Irregular Accumulate Concatenated Tree Coding and Frequency Hopping OFDM Modulation Scheme for Wireless Networks." Advanced Materials Research 902 (February 2014): 364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.902.364.

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Joint channel coding and spread spectrum modulation technologies bring to wireless networks the tremendous amount of performance improvement, the elimination, and the mitigation of interference. This paper proposes an improved design for irregular accumulate concatenated tree (IACT) codes, which can be viewed as simply precoded by an accumulator. This class of codes belongs to the special turbo-like codes, which combines the advantages of fast encoder structures of turbo codes, and the advantages of parallel high-speed belief-propagation (BP) iterative decoding algorithm of low-density parity-

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Seligmann, Hervé. "Phylogeny of genetic codes and punctuation codes within genetic codes." Biosystems 129 (March 2015): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2015.01.003.

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Lei, Xinyu. "The Comparison of RS Codes, LDPC Codes, And Turbo Codes." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 81 (January 26, 2024): 496–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/8tn0ya36.

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Error correction codes have been widely used in various fields in recent years, including the communication field, storage field, digital media field, computer network field, and so on. In this paper, the development history of error correction codes is briefly summarized; and the principles and performance of three kinds of error correction control codes are systematically summarized starting from RS codes, LDPC codes, and Turbo codes. Three types of error correction codes are compared and analyzed in the field of wireless optical communication, and the error correction characteristics of dif

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Et. al., Mrs Channaveeramma E. ,. "Performance Comparison of Turbo coder and low-density parity check codes." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 10 (April 28, 2021): 5898–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i10.5408.

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Abstract:

Wireless communication systems will suffer from the noise introduced in the channels. Channel codes are the essential part of wireless communication systems which help in detection and correction of errors due to the noise introduced in the channel. Turbo codes and LDPC codes are the Forward Error Correction (FEC) channel coding techniques which have the error correcting capability near to Shannon codes along with improvement in transmission rate and energy efficiency.Turbo codes were introduced in 1993[1]. LDPC codes were discovered in 1960 by R.Galleger in his Ph.D dissertation at MIT.They b

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Rahayu, Ririn, Laela Indawati, Lily Widjaja, and Nanda Aula Rumana. "Tinjauan Ketepatan Kode Diagnosis Pada Kasus Bedah Pasien Rawat Inap di RSKD Duren Sawit." Cerdika: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 2, no. 11 (November 14, 2022): 917–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/cerdika.v2i11.455.

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Based on Kenmenkes RI in 2014, it explains about coding which has the meaning as an activity of providing main diagnosis codes and secondary diagnoses in accordance with ICD-10 and providing procedure codes in accordance with ICD-9CM. Coding inaccuracies can affect the financing of health services, this study was conducted to see the accuracy of the main and secondary diagnosis codes of surgical cases of inpatients at Duren Sawit Hospital using descriptive research methods with a quantitative approach, namely writing aims to describe the results obtained on the accuracy of diagnosis codificati

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