Relevant bibliographies by topics / Coefficient Gini

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Coefficient Gini'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 June 2025
Last updated: 2 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Coefficient Gini"

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Gsteiger, Sandro, Nicola Low, Pam Sonnenberg, Catherine H. Mercer, and Christian L. Althaus. "Gini coefficients for measuring the distribution of sexually transmitted infections among individuals with different levels of sexual activity." PeerJ 8 (January 20, 2020): e8434. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8434.

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Objectives Gini coefficients have been used to describe the distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections among individuals with different levels of sexual activity. The objectives of this study were to investigate Gini coefficients for different sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and to determine how STI control interventions might affect the Gini coefficient over time. Methods We used population-based data for sexually experienced women from two British National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-2: 1999–2001; Natsal-3: 2010–2012) to calculate Gini coefficients f
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Kanel, Nav Raj. "Gini Coefficient and Kandel's Reduction." Economic Journal of Nepal 18, no. 4 (1995): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ejon.v18i4.71930.

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Hong, Minki. "Corrected Gini Coefficient in Korea." Korean Development Economics Association 23, no. 3 (2017): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20464/kdea.2017.23.3.1.

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Mukhopadhaya, Pundarik, and V. V. Bhanoji Rao. "The Gini Coefficient: A Note." Indian Economic Journal 48, no. 4 (2001): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466220010408.

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Yazgan, Şekip. "Kamu yatırımları dağılımının gini katsayısı ile ölçülmesi: Türkiye üzerine bir uygulama (1999-2017)." International Journal of Economics, Politics, Humanities & Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (2017): 35–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2539195.

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In this study, the extent of unequal distribution of public investments among provinces in Turkey between the years of 1999 and 2017 is measured with Gini Coefficient. Empirical findings show that Gini Coefficient calculated for all public investments other than manufacturing industry showed a decrease in the said period. This result means that public investments were distributed relatively more equally among the provinces in 2017. According to decomposition results of Gini Coefficient conducted to reveal the amount of inequality in total public investments is originated from other public inve
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Dai, Pingsheng, and Sitong Shen. "Estimation of the Gini coefficient based on two quantiles." PLOS ONE 20, no. 2 (2025): e0318833. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318833.

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Based on the Palma proposition and the Lorenz fitting curve, this paper estimates the sample Gini coefficient using the income share of the top 10% and bottom 40% of the population. Empirical research shows that the absolute error between the estimated value and sample Gini coefficient is within a hundredth. Monte Carlo simulation shows that the new method has good performance and robustness for estimating Gini coefficients with different sample sizes and different inequality levels. Using the two quantiles in the deciles to estimate the sample Gini coefficient and the Lorenz fitting curve is
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Zhao, Xiaomeng, and Lin Liu. "Income Gap Equalization Based on PSO Algorithm in Edge Computing Environment." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (August 10, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8316982.

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In order to explore the current income gap, a method based on the PSO algorithm in the edge computing environment is proposed. PSO calculates and simulates bird flock foraging activities, the Frank Heppner biological group model, and the three rules in bird activities. After studying the activities of these natural creatures, abstract problems are quantified and similar models established. The Gini coefficient is calculated by using grouped data, and the grouping basis is also innovative. The quantile grouping method is adopted, which can effectively solve the difference between the concentrat
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Dixon, Philip M., Jacob Weiner, Thomas Mitchell-Olds, and Robert Woodley. "Bootstrapping the Gini Coefficient of Inequality." Ecology 68, no. 5 (1987): 1548–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1939238.

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Dixon, Philip, Jacob Weiner, Thomas Mitchell-Olds, and Robert Woodley. "Bootstraping the Gini Coefficient of Inequality." Ecology 69, no. 4 (1988): 1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1941290.

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Ryu, Hang K., Daniel J. Slottje, and Hyeok Y. Kwon. "A New Logit-Based Gini Coefficient." Entropy 21, no. 5 (2019): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21050488.

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The Gini coefficient is generally used to measure and summarize inequality over the entire income distribution function (IDF). Unfortunately, it is widely held that the Gini does not detect changes in the tails of the IDF particularly well. This paper introduces a new inequality measure that summarizes inequality well over the middle of the IDF and the tails simultaneously. We adopt an unconventional approach to measure inequality, as will be explained below, that better captures the level of inequality across the entire empirical distribution function, including in the extreme values at the t
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Coefficient Gini"

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Pillay, Nalini Sooknanan. "Using system dynamics to explore gini coefficient parametrics." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9143.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>Modern economies are dependent on a reliable electricity supply for sustaining economic health and development, enabled by adequate energy planning and/or investment in capacity. Identifying drivers such as changes in income distribution that impact electricity demand is thus critical. This project made use of a system dynamics methodology with feedback loops to provide an insightful alternative to the conventional linear statistical empirical approaches such as multiple regression analysis and principal component analysis, generally used to explore the
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Yusuf, Sulman. "Income Inequality and Economic Growth : The Effect of Gini Coefficient on GNI." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-162577.

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Using panel data from 1960-2000 for 28 countries, this paper explores the relationship between inequality and economic growth.To mitigate the problem of endogeneity, dynamic panel data estimation technique such as difference GMM was used. Estimated results showed positive significant relationship in short to medium term between income inequality and economic growth. The results are robust to sensitivity analysis when the estimation was carried out by running the regression on sub samples to check if the sample selection influnces the results. The results obtained in this study oppose the commo
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Johnson, Kelly Singleton. "Quantitative Poverty: Relationship Between Poverty Level and Population Size, GDP, and Gini Coefficient." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4455.

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This research examines why poverty has been persistent in all regimes that have tried to use public policy to eradicate it with no success. This research begins to examine the economic, fiscal, and current Federal Reserve monetary policy for an understanding of why poverty persists. The purpose of this experimental, cross-sectional design is to test the relationship between poverty level, population size, gross domestic product and the Gini coefficient. The most important outcome of the research is to understand if poverty is an unintended consequence of economic activity and not individual ci
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Ismail, Abdullahi Abdi, and Muna Muse. "The effects of Income Inequality on Economic Growth." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-29334.

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The effect of income inequality has been controversial issue for decades, which researchers have concluded conflicting results. Many researchers have found that income inequality is conducive on economic growth, while others found harmful effect. Hence, this paper investigates the impact of income inequality on economic growth by using the cross sectional analysis. The averaged data from periods of 2002-2006 were used and observations from 90 developed and developing countries were also used. We find that income inequality is negatively associated in economic growth.
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Berhanu, Samuel. "Econometric analysis of household expenditures." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=474.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 189 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-140).
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Misra, Kaustav. "Determinants of Young Adult Poverty: A ZIP Code Level Analysis." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2007. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukyagec2007t00616/Thesis_July9.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Kentucky, 2007.<br>Title from document title page (viewed on August 6, 2007). Document formatted into pages; contains: viii, 61 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-59).
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Ho, Ki-hiu, and 何其曉. "Extracting real market behavior in complex adaptive systems through minority game." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30163705.

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Castoe, Minna, and Aalekhya Sanyal. "The Impact of Immigration on Income Inequality : Evidence from Sweden and the United States." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-44069.

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This paper studies data from a 25-year period in the history of Sweden and the US, ranging from 1993 to 2017. The aim of the thesis was to investigate the impact of immigration on the income inequality of the respective countries while also considering the impact of other specific variables. In order to estimate the impact of the variables, both static and dynamic models were used, with the Gini coefficient being the dependent variable. With the ordinary least square giving short-run estimates and the error correction model providing short- and long- run estimates simultaneously, the main vari
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Hult, Amanda. "Income inequality and economic growth : An investigation of the OECD countries." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-47283.

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Income inequality is in a majority of earlier studies more or less affirmatively agreed to be negatively related to economic growth. The underlying complexity of the connection lacks well-tried backing in the modern time. The main purpose of this research is to identify the relationship between income inequality and economic growth, but also the effects of other factors, such as human capital and investment. This is conducted with a panel data approach on 34 OECD countries with data over the period 1990-2010. Aggregate income inequality, represented by the Gini coefficient is used in the empir
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Lee, Dylan B. "Occupy This: The Effect of Income Inequality on GDP Per Capita Growth Using Panel Data in the United States from 1963 to 2009." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/311.

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Income inequality and its relationship to long-term GDP per capita growth has been researched for decades since the development of the Kuznet’s Curve. Theoretical and empirical research has shown mixed results including positive, negative, non-existent, or statistically insignificant relationships. Empirical research on income inequality and economic growth in the United States has also shown mixed results. In addition to using existing data, this paper uses originally-constructed Gini Coefficients from 2005 to 2009. A statistically significant negative correlation between income inequality, a
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Books on the topic "Coefficient Gini"

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Ramachandran, K. S. Marketing strategies vis-à-vis income disparities: Gini coefficient for managers. J.K. Business School, 2009.

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Arkhiereev, S. I. Za mez︠h︡amy vyboru miz︠h︡ efektyvnisti︠u︡ ta spravedlyvisti︠u︡: Miz︠h︡narodnyĭ pidkhid = Beyond the limits of the equity-efficiency trade-off : an international approach = Za predelami vybora mezhdu ėffektivnostʹi︠u︡ i spravedlivostʹi︠u︡ : mezhdunarodnyĭ podkhod. KhNU imeni V.N. Karazina, 2008.

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1957-, Slottje Daniel Jonathan, and Raj Baldev 1941-, eds. Income inequality, poverty, and economic welfare. Physica-Verlag, 1998.

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Leibbrandt, M. V. The contribution of income components to income inequality in South Africa: A decomposable Gini analysis. World Bank, 1996.

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S, Ramachandran K. The economy of Gurgaon: The development agenda : human development indicators - standard of living - Gini index. JK Business School, 2010.

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Gianni, Betti, and Lemmi Achille, eds. Advances on income inequality and concentration measures. Routledge, 2008.

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Zhu, Susan Chun. Ginis in general equilibrium: Trade, technology and southern inequality. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.

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Razavi, Shahra, Umberto Cattaneo, Helmut Schwarzer, and Andrea Visentin. Combating inequalities. ILO, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54394/eoay4970.

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The primary aim of this study is to provide evidence regarding the impact of social protection benefits, taxes and social security contributions in reducing income inequalities. The study employs a well-established methodology to estimate the partial redistributive effect of contributory and non-contributory pensions, family benefits, unemployment benefits, sickness and employment injury benefits, disability benefits, social security contributions, as well as income and property taxes. The partial redistributive effect corresponds to the percentage decrease in the Gini coefficient that is attr
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Thomas, Vinod. Measuring education inequality: Gini coefficients of education. World Bank Institute, Office of the Vice President, and Economic Policy and Poverty Reduction Division, 2001.

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Schechtman, Edna, and Shlomo Yitzhaki. Gini Methodology: A Primer on a Statistical Methodology. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Coefficient Gini"

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Kalmijn, Wim. "Gini Coefficient." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_1168.

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Zhang, Xinhua, Novi Quadrianto, Kristian Kersting, et al. "Gini Coefficient." In Encyclopedia of Machine Learning. Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30164-8_343.

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Kalmijn, Wim. "Gini Coefficient." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17299-1_1168.

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Zhongbin, Chen. "Gini Coefficient." In Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese Economics. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4036-9_208.

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Yihao, Zhang, and Dong Yelin. "Regional Gini Coefficient." In Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese Economics. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4036-9_986.

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Elçi, Özgün, John Hooker, and Peter Zhang. "Inequality Bounds: Gini Coefficient." In Synthesis Lectures on Operations Research and Applications. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-82190-5_14.

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Schifano, Sonia, Tiago Ferreira Flores, and Antoine Paccoud. "Inequality in pre-industrial Luxembourg (1766-1842): comparing the effects of the end of feudalism in rural and urban areas." In Datini Studies in Economic History. Firenze University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0667-9.17.

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This paper uses the land distribution derived from the Maria Theresa cadastre in Luxembourg from 1766 and a land registry of 1842 to compare wealth inequality in Luxembourg City and Dudelange, a rural municipality in the south of the country. The Gini coefficients for the two areas show a big difference in inequality. In 1766, Dudelange, with a Gini coefficient of 0.84, seems to be much more unequal than Luxembourg City that registers a Gini coefficient on land distribution of 0.53. The inequality analysis in 1842 shows a reduction in the inequality estimates mainly driven by the abolishment o
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Yang, Tianyu, and Zhinan Cao. "Why China’s Gini Coefficient Has Been Falling?" In A New Era. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8357-0_3.

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Yitzhaki, Shlomo, and Edna Schechtman. "Social Welfare, Relative Deprivation, and the Gini Coefficient." In Springer Series in Statistics. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4720-7_13.

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Pfaff, Thomas J. "Project: The Gini Coefficient—Prelude to Section III." In Applied Calculus with R. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28571-4_27.

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Conference papers on the topic "Coefficient Gini"

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Hai, Xiaohui. "Dynamic Research on China's Gini Coefficient." In International Conference on Humanities and Social Science 2016. Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/hss-26.2016.98.

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Liu, Yun, Siyu Jiang, and Jiuming Huang. "Anomaly Detection for DDoS Attacks Based on Gini Coefficient." In 2013 International Conference on Advanced ICT. Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icaicte.2013.129.

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Tabassum, Mujahid, and Jeffery Jeselee Sijore. "Growth Analysis of Eclipse and NetBeans using Gini Coefficient." In the 2017 International Conference. ACM Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3077584.3077607.

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Li, Gang, and Guotai Chi. "A New Determining Objective Weights Method-Gini Coefficient Weight." In 2009 First International Conference on Information Science and Engineering. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icise.2009.84.

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Sivagama Sundhari, S. "A knowledge discovery using decision tree by Gini coefficient." In 2011 International Conference on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications (ICBEIA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbeia.2011.5994250.

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Giger, Emanuel, Martin Pinzger, and Harald Gall. "Using the gini coefficient for bug prediction in eclipse." In the 12th international workshop and the 7th annual ERCIM workshop. ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2024445.2024455.

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Vasa, Rajesh, Markus Lumpe, Philip Branch, and Oscar Nierstrasz. "Comparative analysis of evolving software systems using the Gini coefficient." In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance (ICSM). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsm.2009.5306322.

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Lopes, Giseli Rabello, Roberto da Silva, and J. Palazzo M. de Oliveira. "Applying Gini coefficient to quantify scientific collaboration in researchers network." In the International Conference. ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1988688.1988767.

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Xuehua Zhang, Chiyin Huang, and Hongwei Zhang. "The application of Gini coefficient in regional environmental pollutants distribution plan." In 2010 2nd Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology (ESIAT). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esiat.2010.5568546.

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Wan, Xingcheng. "An Impact Factors model of income distribution based on GINI coefficient." In 2021 International Conference of Social Computing and Digital Economy (ICSCDE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icscde54196.2021.00022.

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Reports on the topic "Coefficient Gini"

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Klinger, Bailey, Lucio Castro, Paula Szenkman, and Asim Khwaja. Unlocking SME Finance in Argentina with Psychometrics. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009112.

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Access to finance remains a challenge for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Argentina. It is a particularly acute problem among newly created SMEs that have a scant credit record and frequently lack collateral. The authors of this paper carried out a pilot test of an innovative psychometric tool aimed at evaluating credit risk among SME clients of Banco Ciudad de Buenos Aires (BCBA), one of the top three public banks of Argentina. SME responses were compared to their historical repayment records to determine if psychometric-based credit scoring models could help ameliorate the constraints
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Shkolnikov, Vladimir M., Evgueni M. Andreev, and Alexander Z. Begun. Gini coefficient as a life table function: computation from discrete data, decomposition of differences and empirical examples. Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2001-017.

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Klinger, Bailey, Asim Khwaja, and Joseph LaMonte. Improving Credit Risk Analysis with Psychometrics in Peru. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009139.

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Access to finance remains a challenge for some micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in Peru, particularly informal enterprises with no borrowing history in the formal financial system. Lenders lack the tools to reach these borrowers with sufficient scale and control over risk due in part to the shortcomings of current screening technologies. For this paper, the authors carried out a pilot test of an innovative psychometric tool aimed at evaluating credit risk for business owners seeking a loan from Financiera Confianza, the fourth largest Empresa Financiera in Peru. Applicant res
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Lasso-Valderrama, Francisco, and Carmiña O. Vargas. Distribution, Inequality and Poverty in Colombia: An Assessment of the Contribution of the Minimum Wage. Banco de la República, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1279.

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In Colombia, 50% of labor income is lower than the legal MW level. It is in this context that we analyze the effect of increasing MW on labor income distribution and its inequality, household income distribution and its inequality, and on monetary poverty prevalence. Specifically, we study the unconditional quantiles to establish whether there are differential effects for low quantiles, for those closer to MW, and for higher quantiles. We perform this analysis for different occupational groups. We also assess the effects of MW relative to median on labor income inequality, measured by its Gini
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Chong, Alberto E., and Mauricio Olivera. On Compulsory Voting and Income Inequality in a Cross-Section of Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010843.

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This paper explores the link between compulsory voting and income distribution using a cross-section of countries around the world. Our empirical cross-country analysis for 91 countries during the period 1960-2000 shows that compulsory voting, when enforced strictly, improves income distribution, as measured by the Gini coefficient and the bottom income quintiles of the population. Our findings are robust to changes and additions to our benchmark specification. Since poorer countries suffer from relatively greater income inequality, it might make sense to promote such voting schemes in develop
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Roca, Jerónimo, Luiz Arruda Villela, and Alberto Daniel Barreix. Fiscal Policy and Equity: Estimation of the Progressivity and Redistributive Capacity of Taxes and Social Public Expenditure in the Andean Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008525.

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This study summarizes the assessment of the impact of fiscal policies on equity in the Andean countries. It evaluates the outcome of the main taxes and social public expenditures on income distribution applying a homogeneous methodology. The full effect of taxes is slightly regressive due to a weak personal income tax collection. The accumulated public social expenditure has a much higher redistributive impact. It improves the Gini coefficient by 5 percentage points, however, close to half the effect of developed economies (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development - OECD). Conside
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Firpo, Sergio P., Julián Messina, and Francisco H. G. Ferreira. Ageing Poorly?: Accounting for the Decline in Earnings Inequality in Brazil, 1995-2012. Inter-American Development Bank, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011789.

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The Gini coefficient of labor earnings in Brazil fell by nearly a fifth between 1995 and 2012, from 0.50 to 0.41. The decline in earnings inequality was even larger by other measures, with the 90-10 percentile ratio falling by almost 40 percent. Although the conventional explanation of a falling education premium did play a role, an RIF regression-based decomposition analysis suggests that the decline in returns to potential experience was the main factor behind lower wage disparities during the period. Substantial reductions in the gender, race, informality and urbanrural wage gaps, condition
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เจริญสุข, ประโยชน์. โครงการวิจัยเรื่องความยากจนและความไม่เท่าเทียมกันด้านรายได้ของประชาชนใน 5 จังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้ : ปัตตานี ยะลา นราธิวาส สตูลและสงขลา (ปีที่1): รายงานฉบับสมบูรณ์. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2011. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2011.130.

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โครงการวิจัยเรื่อง ความยากจนและความไม่เท่าเทียมกันด้านรายได้ของประชาชนใน 5 จังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้: ปัตตานี ยะลา นราธิวาส สตูล และสงขลา มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อทบทวนข้อมูลพื้นฐานสภาพทั่วไปและสถานการณ์ด้านเศรษฐกิจ สังคม ทรัพยากรธรรมชาติและสิ่งแวดล้อมของพื้นที่กลุ่มจังหวัดชายแดนใต้ 5 จังหวัด โดยมีขอบเขตการทบทวนเอกสารงานวิจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องกับภาวะความยากจนและการกระจายรายได้จากค่าสัมประสิทธิ์จีนี่และ Income Quintile (ความแตกต่างระหว่างขั้นรายได้) รวมไปถึงการศึกษาข้อมูลพื้นฐานด้านสังคม สถานการณ์ความไม่สงบ ทรัพยากรธรรมชาติและสิ่งแวดล้อม ยุทธศาสตร์การพัฒนาพื้นที่และความร่วมมือระหว่างประเทศ ที่มีผลต่อความยากจนแล
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9

Alvaredo, Facundo, François Bourguignon, Francisco H. G. Ferreira, and Nora Lustig. Seventy-five Years of Measuring Income Inequality in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005211.

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Drawing on a comprehensive compilation of quantile shares and inequality measures for 34 countries, including over 5,600 estimated Gini coefficient, we review the measurement of income inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean over the last seven decades. Although the evidence from the first quarter century roughly until the 1970s is too fragmentary and difficult to compare, clearer patterns emerge for last fifty years. The central feature of these patterns is a broad inverted U curve, with inequality rising in most countries prior to the 1990s, and falling during the early 21st Century, a
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10

Doorley, Karina, Michele Gubello, and Dora Tuda. Drivers of Income Inequality in Ireland and Northern Ireland. ESRI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/rs196.

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The distribution of income differs in Ireland and Northern Ireland. Historically, Northern Ireland has been marked by lower levels of income and lower income inequality. The Gini coefficient, a widely used measure of income inequality which increases as income becomes more dispersed, has averaged 0.29 in Northern Ireland and slightly more than this, at 0.31 in Ireland, between 2003 and 2019. Using harmonised microsimulation models for Ireland (SWITCH) and Northern Ireland (UKMOD), we simulate the Gini coefficient to be 0.26 in Northern Ireland and 0.28 in Ireland in 2019, although these point
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