Relevant bibliographies by topics / Coefficient of runoff

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Academic literature on the topic 'Coefficient of runoff'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Coefficient of runoff"

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Schärer, Lotte Askeland, Jan Ove Busklein, Edvard Sivertsen, and Tone M. Muthanna. "Limitations in using runoff coefficients for green and gray roof design." Hydrology Research 51, no. 2 (March 30, 2020): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2020.049.

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Abstract Climate change combined with urbanization increases the performance demand on urban drainage systems. Green roofs are one of the most used green infrastructure measures to alleviate the pressure on the urban drainage system through the detention and retention of runoff. The rational method with the runoff coefficient (C) is one of the most commonly used design tools for stormwater design in Norway. This method relies on a runoff coefficient being available for green roofs, which is typically not the case. This paper compares laboratory and experimental field studies to investigate runoff coefficients from different types of detention-based roofs. The methodology described in the German ‘FLL Guideline’, one of the world's most commonly used green roof standards, was used to measure the runoff coefficients for the different components making up a typical green roof. The contribution from each layer is reflected in the runoff coefficients. The runoff coefficients from the field experiments were calculated using observed precipitation and runoff from existing green roofs in Oslo, Trondheim, Sandnes, and Bergen, Norway. Events that had a cumulative precipitation comparable to the laboratory events, but longer durations, were selected. These events gave significantly lower and varying runoff coefficients, clearly demonstrating the limitation of choosing a suitable runoff coefficient for a given roof. However, laboratory experiments are important in understanding the underlying flow processes in the different layers in a detention-based roof.
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Del Giudice, G., R. Padulano, and G. Rasulo. "Factors affecting the runoff coefficient." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 4 (April 17, 2012): 4919–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-4919-2012.

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Abstract. The runoff coefficient φ is a crucial parameter for flood peak discharge estimate in ungauged drainage basins. Tables and graphs generally allow the determination of φ in a somewhat empirical way that can lead to inconsistency in application; therefore, it is important to identify other parameters that can be utilized to assess φ more directly. In the present paper, focusing on Southern Continental Italy, a simple analytical expression between runoff coefficient φ and soil potential maximum retention S is proposed; moreover, an improvement of this expression is provided by considering the pre-event moisture condition of the watershed through the use of a climatic factor. At this aim, the US Soil Conservation Service classification for soil permeability has been adopted, that allows the evaluation of S, according to its relationship with the runoff curve number CN, as a function of soil type, land use and antecedent soil moisture condition (AMC).
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Şen, Zekai, and Abdüsselam Altunkaynak. "A comparative fuzzy logic approach to runoff coefficient and runoff estimation." Hydrological Processes 20, no. 9 (2006): 1993–2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5992.

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Zhao, Na Na, Fu Liang Yu, Chuan Zhe Li, Jia Liu, and Hao Wang. "An Experimental Study on the Rainfall-Runoff Progress of Wheat under Different Slope Angle." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 1986–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.1986.

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Rainfall-runoff process plays an important role in hydrological cycle, and the study on the rainfall-runoff will provide foundation and basis for research on basin hydrology and flood forecasting. In this paper, the surface runoff and subsurface flow of wheat were observed in the laboratory by artificial rainfall, and analyzed the cumulated surface runoff and recession process of subsurface flow by regression analysis. In addition, the factors affected the runoff and response of soil moisture on the runoff coefficients was also discussed. Results showed that the rainfall intensity, soil coverage and slope had important influence on the surface runoff generation, and the surface runoff was observed when the total rainfall amount exceeded 32mm and 13mm for 5°and 15° slope respectively. The cumulative surface runoff could be expressed as a power function, which had higher determination coefficient R2 (0.92~0.999). The subsurface flow was only observed at the ripening period and wheat stubble treatment, and mainly affected by slope angle and initial soil moisture, whereas rainfall intensity showed little impact. The recession curve of subsurface flow can be described as a simple exponential expression or power function, which the determination coefficient was 0.88 and 0.94 by regression analysis, respectively. Moreover, there was an obvious threshold (approximately 30%) between the average initial soil moisture and runoff coefficients, which the runoff increased significantly as above the threshold.
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Zhang, Chao, Bo Fu Li, and Ying He Jiang. "Flush Rule and Initial Flush Analysis of Cement Concrete Pavement." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.701.

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Road runoff was the major contribute to water body pollution. According to the cement concrete pavement flush was evaluated by artificial rainfall model, the experiment indicated that the runoff coefficient of cement concrete pavement was 0.85, the flush coefficient of dissolvable pollutant of road runoff flush model k was 0.082, and the flush coefficient of indissolvable pollutant of road runoff flush model k was 0.057. With the increasing cumulate runoff ratio, the initial flush coefficient kn was decreasing. The emission of 90% dissolvable pollutant and of 30% indissolvable pollutant was removed by 30% runoff.
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Viglione, A., R. Merz, and G. Blöschl. "On the role of the runoff coefficient in the mapping of rainfall to flood return periods." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 5 (May 12, 2009): 577–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-577-2009.

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Abstract. While the correspondence of rainfall return period TP and flood return period TQ is at the heart of the design storm procedure, their relationship is still poorly understood. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the controls on this relationship examining in particular the effect of the variability of event runoff coefficients. A simplified world with block rainfall and linear catchment response is assumed and a derived flood frequency approach, both in analytical and Monte-Carlo modes, is used. The results indicate that TQ can be much higher than TP of the associated storm. The ratio TQ /TP depends on the average wetness of the system. In a dry system, TQ can be of the order of hundreds of times of TP. In contrast, in a wet system, the maximum flood return period is never more than a few times that of the corresponding storm. This is because a wet system cannot be much worse than it normally is. The presence of a threshold effect in runoff generation related to storm volume reduces the maximum ratio of TQ /TP since it decreases the randomness of the runoff coefficients and increases the probability to be in a wet situation. We also examine the relation between the return periods of the input and the output of the design storm procedure when using a pre-selected runoff coefficient and the question which runoff coefficients produce a flood return period equal to the rainfall return period. For the systems analysed here, this runoff coefficient is always larger than the median of the runoff coefficients that cause the maximum annual floods. It depends on the average wetness of the system and on the return period considered, and its variability is particularly high when a threshold effect in runoff generation is present.
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Abd-Elhamid, Hany F., Martina Zeleňáková, Zuzana Vranayová, and Ismail Fathy. "Evaluating the Impact of Urban Growth on the Design of Storm Water Drainage Systems." Water 12, no. 6 (May 31, 2020): 1572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061572.

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Urban growth is one of the major causes of flooding in urban areas. This affects the runoff coefficients, which is among the most important factors that affect the design of storm water drainage systems. Changing the runoff coefficient will affect the design parameters of the drainage network, including outfall discharge, velocity, lag time and cost of construction. This study aims to assess the effect of changing the runoff coefficient due to urban growth on the design of a storm water drainage system. The hydrological models Hyfran, StormCAD and GIS are used to analyze different runoff coefficients. This study examines three zones in Dammam in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The data developed from the models for the current case studies are used to develop an empirical equation to predict the max discharge for other catchments. The discharge is a function of the return period, runoff coefficient, drainage density, longest path, rainfall intensity and catchment area. To validate the developed equation, we use it to estimate the discharge in a real case study in South Korea. A comparison between the measured discharge and estimated discharge shows that the empirical equation is capable of predicting the maximum discharge for different catchments with high accuracy. Then, the validation of the models is carried out to determine the effect of the runoff coefficient on the design of a storm water drainage system in a case study in KSA. The results show that an increasing runoff coefficient due to urban growth increases the outfall discharge and velocity of storm water drainage systems, as well as affecting the cost of construction and decreasing the lag time. The cost increases by two to three times with increasing urbanization. This study provides a new perspective on the hydrologic impact of urban growth on the design of storm water drainage systems, which are essential for flood management. Moreover, the relationship between urban growth and the cost of storm drainage networks is explored, which could help decision makers to make appropriate judgements.
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Chen, Xiaofei, Juraj Parajka, Borbála Széles, Peter Valent, Alberto Viglione, and Günter Blöschl. "Impact of Climate and Geology on Event Runoff Characteristics at the Regional Scale." Water 12, no. 12 (December 9, 2020): 3457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123457.

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The dynamics of flood event characteristics, such as the runoff coefficient and the recession time constant, differ in time and space, due to differences in climate, geology, and runoff generation mechanisms. This study examines the variability of event runoff characteristics and relates them to climatic and hydro-geological characteristics available at the regional scale. The main focus is to examine the role of rainfall patterns (i.e., event precipitation volume, precipitation intensity, and antecedent precipitation) and runoff regime (i.e., initial flow before runoff event and event duration) characteristics on the seasonal dynamics of runoff response. The analysis is performed in four small Austrian catchments representing different hydro-geological settings obtained by field mapping. The results are based on an analysis of 982 runoff events identified from hourly measurements of streamflow and precipitation in the period 2002 to 2013. The results show that larger event runoff coefficients and flow peaks are estimated in catchments with high mean annual precipitation than in drier catchments. In contrast to some previous studies, the results show only poor relation between antecedent precipitation (as an index of catchment wetness) and event runoff response. The initial flow is found to be the main factor influencing the magnitude of runoff coefficient and event peaks in all analyzed catchments and geological settings. The recession time constant tends to be inversely related to the maximum event precipitation intensity, with an exception for one catchment (Wimitzbach), which is characterized by the largest proportion of deep interflow contribution to runoff. The analysis of the runoff response by different event types indicates that runoff coefficients and recession time constants are the largest for snowmelt runoff events.
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LIU, Jianbo, Guangyao GAO, Shuai WANG, and Bojie FU. "Combined effects of rainfall regime and plot length on runoff and soil loss in the Loess Plateau of China." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 109, no. 3-4 (September 2018): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691018000531.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper was to study the interaction effects of rainfall regime and slope length on runoff and soil loss under different land uses. Event runoff and soil loss in forest, shrub and grass were measured in plots with lengths of 5, 9 and 13m in the Loess Plateau from 2008 to 2016. A total of 59 erosive rainfall events were recorded and classified into three rainfall regimes. Firstly, the results showed that the runoff coefficient was grass>shrub>forest, and soil loss was grass>forest>shrub, but the differences between forest and shrub in runoff and between grass and forest in soil loss did not reach significant levels. Secondly, rainfall regimes had an important effect on runoff and soil loss under different land uses. The lowest runoff coefficients and the highest soil loss in regime 2 were found in shrub and forest land, respectively, which differed from that of regime 1. In total, rainfall regime 1 had the highest runoff coefficient of 0.84–2.06%, followed by regime 3 with 0.33–0.88% and regime 2 with 0.04–0.06%. Soil loss in forest and grass land had a different order of regime 3>regime 1>regime 2. Thirdly, both the runoff coefficient and soil loss decreased with increasing plot length, while the effect of slope length on runoff/soil loss were influenced by land use type and rainfall regimes.
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Sriwongsitanon, Nutchanart, and Wisuwat Taesombat. "Effects of land cover on runoff coefficient." Journal of Hydrology 410, no. 3-4 (November 2011): 226–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.09.021.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Coefficient of runoff"

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Acinan, Sezen. "Determination Of Runoff Coefficient Of Basins By Using Geographic Information Systems." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609522/index.pdf.

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Turkey has very different geomorphologic, hydrologic and climatic conditions, so the runoff coefficient should be different from one basin to another. But only one constant value, which is 0.37, is being used for all the basins in Turkey. In this thesis, monthly, seasonal and annual runoff coefficients of 48 sub-basins in western and southern part of Anatolia are determined by using synchronous and average rainfall, runoff data of 26 year record period. Their temporal and spatial distributions are investigated. The relationship between the basin parameters and the runoff coefficient are also examined. Some of the basins have unrealistic large runoff coefficients, therefore excluded from the analyses. The basin boundaries and parameters are determined by using Geograhic Information System (GIS), and areal average precipitations are found by a program written in visual basic language that uses ArcObjects. The Box-Cox transformed data are used in regression analysis. There are a number of dams in the region, which affect the natural flow. Such streams are found and their sub-basins are not used in the analyses. The results revealed that there is not a strong the relationship between the basin parameters and annual and seasonal runoff coefficients for the whole region, but there are significant relations between them for some basins.
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Hade, James D. "Determining the runoff coefficient for compressed concrete unit pavements in situ." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/483966.

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Roads and parking lots make up the largest percentage of manmade impervious surfaces in the world. Large amounts of runoff contribute to wastewater treatment plant overloads and subsequent raw sewage discharges. A high runoff rate reduces the groundwater recharge potential, causes stream bed erosion, and flooding which frequently results in the loss of life, property and /or crop damage. High runoff rates also cause surface pollutants to be washed into storm sewers, streams and other waterways, causing damage to aquatic plant and animal life. Pourous pavements are one of the tools which environmental engineers, landscape architects and planners may use in design for stormwater management to help reduce runoff.Previous investigators have assumed that compressed concrete block unit pavements, on a sand bed and gravel base, with sand joints, become impermeable over time. This study sought to determine the runoff coefficient for a trafficked pavement that has been in use for ten months. A Variable Intensity Portable Rain Simulator was used in 120 tests on nine plots from a pedestrian plaza and three plots from an intersection of a neighborhood outlet and a city street, paved with Unidecor (or Cobble-) Pavers. Three rainfall intensity ranges were tested for each pavement type; 0 to 7 millimeters per hour, 7 to 15 millimeters per hour, and 15 to 30 millimeters per hour. For storms with an intensity level of twelve millimeters per hour average, the runoff coefficient on the plaza was significantly different than that for the intersection. Additionally, it was found that for the three intensity ranges tested the runoff was significantly different for each range.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306
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Carrigan, Lindsey DeBoer. "Examination of Nonpoint Source Nutrient Export from a Snowfall-Dominated Watershed." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1377.

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This study examined nonpoint source pollution via tributaries to Pineview Reservoir. Since few literature values of export coefficients are available for snowfall-dominated watersheds such as Pineview, locally scaled rates were quantified using an upstream-downstream bracketing technique. Nitrogen and phosphorus grab samples were manually collected and discharge measurements were conducted during the annual study period. Additionally, high-frequency monitoring sensors that measured EC, temperature, turbidity, and water level were deployed at the up- and downstream sites to represent short-duration transport events and to examine watershed processes on a more representative time scale. Daily nutrient loads were estimated from grab samples and flow rates using the Rank- Data (RD) distribution method and, using surrogate relationships for discharge and total phosphorus (TP) concentration from high-frequency sensors, half-hour TP loads were calculated. Short-duration snow melt events were identified by turbidity spikes and increased air temperatures as well as, in some cases, hydrograph peaks. During these events, export coefficients from 0.31 to 0.54 g TP/ha/hr were observed for low and high elevation snow melt events. While losses to ground water were observed for one study reach, the study reach with positive load gains had annual export coefficients of 0.018 g TP/ha/hr from high-frequency loads and 7.5e-5 g NOx-N/ha/hr, 3.5e-6 g SRP/ha/hr, and 9.1e-6 g TP/ha/hr from RD loads. These rates were 1,000 to 2,000 times greater than available literature values typical of rainfall-dominated watersheds. This study showed the importance of erosive, snow melt events on nutrient transport and the need for high-frequency monitoring representing short-duration events for accurate estimation of export coefficients. Management strategies to reduce nutrients from tributaries should focus on erosion control in the Pineview Reservoir watershed.
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Larsson, Johan. "Metodik för beräkning av anslutna hårdgjorda ytor till spillvattennätet." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-119704.

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Sveriges avloppsledningsnät förnyas och utvidgas kontinuerligt. Idag finns ett flertal datorprogram för hydraulisk modellering av flöden och uppdämningsnivåer i spill- och dagvattennät. Modellerna kan även användas som planeringsverktyg för att bedöma effekter av planerade åtgärder samt för uppföljning av utförda åtgärder. Vid uppbyggnaden av en modell krävs beräkningsresultat från en hydrologisk avrinningsmodell som indata. Det största arbetet vid modelluppbyggandet ligger just i beskrivningen av hydrologin. För att kunna simulera avrinningsförlopp i samband med nederbörd på ett verklighetsliknande sätt är kännedom om storleken på och fördelningen av anslutna hårdgjorda ytor till ledningsnätet med snabb nederbördsavrinning väsentligt. 

 

Till kalibreringen och valideringen av avloppsmodellen krävs mätdata. Flödesmätningar är dyra att genomföra vilket har skapat ett intresse att hitta metoder som säkert beräknar de anslutna hårdgjorda ytorna redan från de uppgifter som finns på kartor och i databaser. Svenska riktlinjer för beräkning av hårdgjorda ytor tillhandahålls av branschorganisationen Svenskt Vatten som företräder VA-verken och VA-bolagen i Sverige. Beräkningar med dessa riktlinjer ger dock inte alltid den korrekta storleken på de hårdgjorda ytorna. Syftet med examensarbetet har varit att undersöka olika metoder att beräkna anslutna hårdgjorda ytor till spillvattennätet samt att undersöka huruvida det finns ett samband mellan de avrinningsområden där beräkningarna av de hårdgjorda ytorna inte stämmer. Nio befintliga modeller framtagna i modelleringsverktyget MIKE URBAN användes vid undersökningen. Sex av dessa modeller användes till kalibrering och tre modeller användes till validering.

 

Undersökningen visade inget samband mellan ytavrinning (reduktionsfaktor) och lutning. Fördelningen av mätpunkter mellan olika jordartskategorier var väldigt ojämn vilket gjorde det svårt att studera huruvida det finns ett samband mellan avrinning och jordart. Resultatet från undersökningen visar att avrinningskoefficienter bör delas upp efter typ av ledningsnät i avrinningsområdet. Metoden med olika avrinningskoefficienter för olika typer av ytor visar på bra resultat för tätbebyggda områden. Metoden med sammanvägda avrinningskoefficienter för olika bebyggelsetyper visar relativt bra resultat med tanke på att det är en överslagsberäkningsmetod.

 

För tätbebyggda områden bedöms metoden med avrinningskoefficienter för olika typer av ytor fungera bra. Vid mindre tätbebyggda områden ökar osäkerheten. Metoden med sammanvägda avrinningskoefficienter för olika bebyggelsetyper bedöms fungera väl för överslagsberäkningar då den är mindre tidskrävande än den andra metoden. Ingen av de undersökta metoderna bedöms kunna ersätta flödesmätningar. 


Sweden’s sewage systems are continuously being maintained and expanded. Several computer programs are today available for hydraulic modeling in sewage and storm water systems. The models can also be used as a planning tool to evaluate effects of planned interventions and to follow up performed interventions. Input data from a runoff model is required at the model build-up. Most of the work in model build-up lies at the description of the hydrology. In order to simulate runoff processes in connection with precipitation, understanding of the size and distribution of impervious surfaces with fast response runoff are essential.

 

Measurements are required for the calibration and validity check of the model. Unfortunately, flow measurements are expensive to perform. This has created an interest to find methods that safely calculate the connected impervious surfaces already from the information that can be found in maps and in databases. The Swedish guidelines for calculation of impervious surfaces are provided by the Swedish Water and Wastewater Association. Calculations with these guidelines do not always give the true size of the impervious surfaces. The aim of this master thesis was to examine various methods to calculate impervious surfaces connected to the sewage system and whether there is a correlation between drainage areas where the calculations do not agree. Nine existing models developed in the computer program MIKE URBAN were used in this study. Six of these models were used in the calibration and three models were used in the validity check of the methods.

 

The study did not show any correlation between runoff (reduction factor) and slope. The distribution of datum points between different soil types varied so much that it made it difficult to study whether there was correlation between runoff and soil type. The result from the study showed that the runoff coefficients should be divided after type of sewage system in the drainage area. The method with runoff coefficients for different types of surfaces showed fairly good results for highly urbanized areas. The method with weighted runoff coefficients for different types of habitations showed relatively good results considering that it is a method for rough calculations.

 

The method with runoff coefficients for different types of surfaces is considered well-functioning for highly urbanized areas. In less urbanized areas, this method showed shorter results. The method with weighted runoff coefficients for different types of habitations is considered well for rough calculations when it is less time consuming than the other method. None of the examined methods are considered able to replace flow measurements.

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Fonley, Morgan Rae. "Effects of oscillatory forcing on hydrologic systems under extreme conditions: a mathematical modeling approach." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2075.

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At the large watershed scale, we emphasize the effects of flow through a river network on streamflow under dry conditions. An immediate consequence of assuming dry conditions is that evapotranspiration causes flow in the river network to exhibit oscillations. When all links in the river network combine their flow patterns, the oscillations interact in ways that change the timing and amplitude of the streamflow waves at the watershed outlet. The geometric shape of the river network is particularly important, so we develop an analytic solution for streamflow which emphasizes that importance. Doing hydrology backward is a strategy recently developed by several researchers to deal with uncertainty in measurements of forcing terms applied to hydrologic models. The strategy has also been applied to resolve the assumption of homogeneity on realistic catchments that exhibit many heterogeneous properties. In this work, we demonstrate hydrology in the backward direction applied to two examples: using streamflow at the catchment scale to determine runoff at the hillslope scale and using the hillslope runoff to infer the applied evapotranspiration forcing under the assumption of dry conditions. In order to work across scales, we utilize the analytic solution for streamflow at the outlet of a river network. At the hillslope scale, we develop a soil model to create fluxes consistent with observed soil processes.
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Hamade, Firas Nadim. "Sediment removal from urban runoff using seep berms and vegetative filtration." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50271.

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Previous field demonstration projects in metro-Atlanta have shown that seep berms, which are elongated sedimentation basins at the outlet of a disturbed land area, can provide high suspended sediment trap efficiencies with respect to coarse sediments on construction sites having drainage areas greater than five acres. Previous literature has shown that vegetative filter strips are efficient traps for fine suspended sediment in stormwater runoff. A combination of a seep berm and vegetative filter in series was studied in this thesis as an erosion control measure with quantification of its flow resistance and sediment removal efficiency. First, a field demonstration project was implemented to evaluate seep berms as a viable erosion control measure through a side-by-side comparison with the more commonly-used silt fences on construction sites with drainage areas less than five acres in metro Atlanta. High suspended sediment trap efficiencies were recorded for the seep berm on two separate sites, and the seep berm was shown to be superior to silt fences with respect to sediment control in the site runoff. Then a vegetative filter was studied in the laboratory in a specially-built flume for that purpose. The relationship between vegetative drag coefficient and various parameters reflecting flow conditions and vegetation density in steady, uniform open channel flow was studied in the flume. Both rigid, emergent vegetation and submerged, flexible vegetation were studied at two different plant densities. The application of porous media flow concepts to open channel flow through vegetation resulted in a collapse of data for vegetative drag coefficient for the various vegetation types and densities into a single relationship when plotted against vegetative stem Reynolds number. Point velocity and turbulence intensity profiles at different locations in the vegetative filter were recorded with an acoustic Doppler velocimeter to observe the turbulence structure of the flow and its effects on vegetative drag and settling of sediment. A sediment slurry consisting of a suspension of fine sand was fed into the flume, and an automated sampler was used to measure suspended sediment concentrations along the vegetative filter length for a series of discharges from which sediment flux and trap efficiency could be determined. Experimental data for trap efficiency were plotted against a dimensionless settling efficiency for each type of vegetation and density. These relationships, along with the one developed for the coefficient of drag, were applied in a numerical design technique that allows designers to determine the flow depth, velocity and trap efficiency of a vegetative filter of known dimensions for a given flow rate, sediment grain size distribution, slope, and vegetation density. In a typical design example, the combined trap efficiency proved that a seep berm followed by a vegetative filter can be a very effective erosion control measure.
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Banzetová, Diana. "Srovnání účinků deště na starém a novém simulátoru dešťů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227517.

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This dissertation is focused to modeling of the rainfall in laboratory conditions by the rainfall simulator invented in VUT Brno. Results of the measuring are compared with measured values of the original rainfall simulator located in VVU VSH VUT in Brno by the Kninicky village in 1976-1980. Dissertation verifies rightness of substituting the natural rain with the rainfall simulator on bare soil in the original location, kinetic energy of the rain drops is substituted with the energy gained from the weight of the drops - the flow. Generally the dissertation determines the possibilities of the rainfall simulator's current location.
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Chu, Shao-Hua, and 朱紹華. "The study of the relation between runoff and runoff coefficient in different rainfall data." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58864569696461895420.

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碩士
淡江大學
水資源及環境工程學系碩士班
96
This research had collected the daily runoff and daily rainfall data of five different watersheds, which are Chung-Techou watershed, A-Lien-2 watershed, Nan-AO-Chao watershed, Ao-Wei-Chiao watershed, and Hsueh-Shan-Keng watershed, from 1997 to 2006. These data also explains the way of reasoning the time of concentration and runoff coefficient in different watersheds. The rational formula was discussed the relationship between rainfall and runoff coefficient. The data is divided into 5 types, which are one year, November to April, May to October, May to July, August to October, November to January, and February to April. This research makes use of Geographic Information Systems to analyze the effects of the degree of development and slope of each watershed. The relationships between different watershed’s slope, time of concentration and rainfall intensities were also discussed. This preliminary research inquired into the statistical characteristics from the actual measurements in the historical flood, and summed up the influences of the geographically characteristics of five different watersheds. From the analyses’ results, the time of concentration was not directly proportional to the degree of slope. The texture of soil and the type of land use in different watershed area were also examined and analyzed in order to find out how these factors have affected on the surface runoff and the river discharge. The result shows how the influence of land uses and the slope on runoff coefficient in different watersheds. This research suggests that the use of Geographic Information Systems to investigate the watershed environment is essential in the future. Owing to the relationship between nature environment and land exploitation are complicated, it could have great differences according to the various characteristics for different districts. Therefore in the future with similar research, the model (watersheds) should be carefully chosen.
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Chen, Li-Ren, and 陳立人. "The Study on Runoff Coefficient Distribution in Taiwan Area." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84235490075636430845.

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碩士
國立中興大學
土木工程學系
86
In general, runoff coefficient plays an important role in watershed hydrologic designs and managements. Therefore, to systematically determine individual watershed runoff coefficient is quite necessary. This study is thus to combine GIS and rational formula to establish a runoff coefficient distribution map over Taiwan area. Firstly, the entire Taiwan island is divided into three major areas according their geomorphologic and hydrologic properties, the related physiographic factors such as watershed area, slope, stream length ---, etc., can all be generated through GIS software ARC/INFO and ArcView analyses. As for the estimation of watershed design peak flow rates, multi-regression method is used to obtain the 100-year frequency design peak flow rate from the above physiographic independent variables. The results shows the hydrogeneity for the watersheds selected in each area and proves the zonal distributed properties in Taiwan area. On the other hand, rainfall intensity and time of concentration for individual watershed can be solved simultaneously through kinematic-wave governing equations and rainfall-duration formula. These parameters are then fitted into rational formula, runoff coefficients can be obtained and the associated distribution map can then be produced. In summary, the runoff coefficients distribution over the island declines from both east and west coast toward inland mountain areas. In central mountainous area, the values are in closed ring forms with the range 0.55-0.7.The outer value of runoff coefficients in the plain area is 0.8 and it can be considered as an upper value of watershed mountain zones.Also, the general framework of this study is constructed on ArcView GIS software. Since ArcView software employs AVENUE object-oriented programming, the proposed method also contains a group of user interfaces to automatically, user-friendly calculate the outcomes of watersheddesign peak flow rate, time of concentration, rainfall intensity as well as runoff coefficients.
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Lu, Cheng-Yi, and 呂政宜. "The study of the influence of typhoon and rainfall on relation between runoff and runoff coefficient." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80154202932532767655.

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碩士
淡江大學
水資源及環境工程學系碩士班
96
Thesis studies used the measured river discharges and rainfalls from different watersheds for different typhoons and rainfall events. The Rational Formula is analyzed the relation between runoff coefficient and runoff . GIS is calculated slopes and landuses in different watersheds. Compared between concentration times, rainfall intensity, slopes, and landuses, and we analyzed the relation between landuses and the runoff coefficient. It collected the daily runoff and rainfall data from five different watersheds from 1997 to 2006, and the five different typhoons’ data which are Amber, Toraji, Mindulle, HaiTang, and Talim had also been gathered. And it calculated the time of concentration, the rainfall intensity, and runoff coefficient in different watersheds, and it analyzed the relation between runoff coefficient and runoff. From the results, we known that in the rainfall events shown the better agreement in the linear regression analysis. In GIS application on DTM, three type of slope, Ⅰ(0%~5%), Ⅱ(5%~40%), and Ⅲ(＞40%), were use to study the slope effects on the relation between river discharge and surface runoff. From the analyses’ results, the time of concentration was directly proportional to the degree of slope. According to different landuses, we discussed the relation between the degree of the developmens and runoff coefficients. The results of this research showed, besides Ma-An-Chi Bridge and Ma-Yeuan Bridge, landuses were better and run-off coefficient were better in the typhoon events.In the effective rainfall''s events, landuses were better and run-off coefficient were better in all watersheds.
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Book chapters on the topic "Coefficient of runoff"

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Goel, Manmohan Kumar. "Runoff Coefficient." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 952–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2642-2_456.

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Kiani-Harchegani, M., S. H. R. Sadeghi, and A. Ghahramani. "Intra-storm Variability of Coefficient of Variation of Runoff and Soil Loss in Consecutive Storms at Experimental Plot Scale." In Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences, 98–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03646-1_19.

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"runoff coefficient." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 1152. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_183838.

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"5274 runoff coefficient [n]." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning, 862. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_12119.

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W. Bellamy, Philip, and Hyun Jung Cho. "A GIS-Based Approach for Determining Potential Runoff Coefficient and Runoff Depth for the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA." In Lagoon Environments Around the World - A Scientific Perspective. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.87163.

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Li, X. D., H. Yang, J. Wang, L. J. Guo, and Z. Wang. "Characteristics of runoff coefficient of abandoned mine land using the storm water management model." In Land Reclamation in Ecological Fragile Areas, 369–72. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315166582-70.

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Conference papers on the topic "Coefficient of runoff"

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Tay, H. N., and Nasser R. Afshar. "Evaluation of Runoff Coefficient (Samarahan Basin)." In Proceedings of the International Engineering Conference. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-09-4587-9_p19.

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Chia-Chun Wu, Chao-Jung Huang, Chung-Fu Hsiao, and Ching-Lun Kao. "Characteristics of Runoff Coefficient Generated from Gravel-rich Bare Slopes." In 2009 Reno, Nevada, June 21 - June 24, 2009. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.27080.

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Wong, Tommy S. W., and M. C. Zhou. "Re-Evaluation of Manning's Roughness Coefficient for Runoff over Concrete Surface." In Ninth International Conference on Urban Drainage (9ICUD). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40644(2002)300.

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Suryoputro, Nugroho, Suhardjono, Widandi Soetopo, and Ery Suhartanto. "Calibration of infiltration parameters on hydrological tank model using runoff coefficient of rational method." In GREEN CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE FUTURE: Proceedings of the Green Construction and Engineering Education (GCEE) Conference 2017. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5003539.

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Suyono, Surya Arief Maulana Dewa, Tedy Agung Cahyadi, Indah Setyowati, Nurkhamim, Alan Maris Ridho, and Angelina Metta Arilia. "Effect of differences in runoff coefficient value on channel dimensions at open pit mines." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTH SCIENCE, MINERAL, AND ENERGY. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0010529.

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Volokitin, Mitrofan. "PHYSICAL DEGRADATION OF SOILS DURING THEIR USE." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1712.978-5-317-06490-7/218-222.

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The issues related to the degradation of agrophysical parameters of soils are considered. The studies were carried out on gray forest soils of the northern forest-steppe. The assessment of the degree of degradation of the water resistance of the macrostructure of soils during their agricultural use has been carried out. The relationship between the bulk density and the lowest moisture capacity, inter-aggregate cohesion and the filtration coefficient of gray forest soil has been established. Soil losses during thawed runoff were estimated.
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Orlando, D., M. Giglioni, and Stefano Magnaldi. "Calibration of Maidment’s formula coefficients for runoff velocity." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2014 (ICNAAM-2014). AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4912472.

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Dhakal, Nirajan, Xing Fang, Theodore G. Cleveland, David B. Thompson, and Luke J. Marzen. "Estimation of Rational Runoff Coefficients for Texas Watersheds." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)344.

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Pekárová, Pavla, Pavol Miklánek, Veronika Bačová Mitková, Marcel Garaj, and Ján Pekár. "ASSESSMENT HARMONIZATION PROBLEMS OF THE LONG RETURN PERIOD FLOODS ON THE DANUBE RIVER." In XXVII Conference of the Danubian Countries on Hydrological Forecasting and Hydrological Bases of Water Management. Nika-Tsentr, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/uhmi.conference.01.16.

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One of the basic problems of the flood hydrology was (and still is) the solution of the relationship between peak discharges of the flood waves and probability of their return period. The assessment of the design values along the Danube channel is more complicated due to application of different estimation methods of design values in particular countries downstream the Danube. Therefore, it is necessary to commence the harmonization of the flood design values assessment methods. All methods of estimating floods with a very long return period are associated with great uncertainties. Determining of the specific value of the 500- or 1000-year floods for engineering practice is extremely complex. Nowadays hydrologists are required to determine not only the specific design value of the flood, but it is also necessary to specify confidence intervals in which the flow of a given 100-, 500-, or 1000-year flood may occur with probability, for example, 90 %. The assessment of the design values Qmax can be done by several methods. In this study we have applied the statistical methods based on the assessment of the distribution function of measured time series of the maximum annual discharge. In order to apply regionalization methods for the estimation of the distribution function in this study we used only one distribution - the Pearson Type III distribution with logarithmic transformation of the data (log Pearson Type III distribution - LP3 distribution). To estimate regional skew coefficient for the Danube River we use 20 Qmax measured time series from water gauges along the Danube River from Germany to Ukraine. We firstly analyzed the occurrence of historic floods in several stations along the Danube River. Then we search relationship between the parameter of skewness of the log Pearson type III distribution function and runoff depth, altitude, or basin area in all 20 water gauge. Skewness coefficients of the LP3 distribution in the stations along the Danube River vary between –0.4 and 0.86.
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Malytska, L., O. Lukianets, and S. Moskalenko. "MAXIMUM RIVERINE RUNOFF IN THE BASIN OF TYSA AND PRUT WITHIN UKRAINE." In XXVII Conference of the Danubian Countries on Hydrological Forecasting and Hydrological Bases of Water Management. Nika-Tsentr, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/uhmi.conference.01.18.

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Research focuses on the objective assessment of maximum river runoff and its multi-annual variability in the basin of Tysa and Prut rivers within Ukraine. For this purpose, a database of maximum riverine water runoff (the highest daily values per year and the largest for one of the terms of daily measurement periods) from 36 measuring stations were created. The series were formed from the beginning of observations until 2015 and in most of them, the length is 50-70 years. Their representativeness for practical calculations has been evaluated. The main statistical parameters of the maximum runoff are determined – norms of water discharge and maximum specific discharges, coefficients of variation and skewness. A comparison was made between the maximum daily runoff values and their corresponding peak maxima. This is especially important for mountain rivers to calculate and predict dangerous peaks maxima on rivers. The multi-annual variability of the maximum runoff of rivers was examined by integral curves of differences, autocorrelation, and spectral functions. The result revealed the structure of cyclical fluctuations and an assessment of trends in the current period.
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