Academic literature on the topic 'Coexistence with animals'
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Journal articles on the topic "Coexistence with animals"
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Goncu, Barika, and Vehbi Gorgulu. "University Social Responsibility Towards Sustainable Coexistence of Humans and Animals on Campus: Case Study on Bilgi Animal Friends Society." Communication Management Review 03, no. 01 (July 30, 2018): 80–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22522/cmr20180130.
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Skotarczak, B., M. Adamska, M. Sawczuk, A. Maciejewska, B. Wodecka, and A. Rymaszewska. "Coexistence of tick-borne pathogens in game animals and ticks in western Poland." Veterinární Medicína 53, No. 12 (December 29, 2008): 668–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1975-vetmed.
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Molecular studies enabling the recognition of the role of game and ticks in the circulation of pathogens transmitted by ticks and detection of coinfections in order to estimate a risk which a contact with tissues of roe deer, red deer and wild boar from north-western Poland brings were the aim of this research. DNA isolated from the blood and spleen of game and from <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> were the study materials. The results shows that <i>Capreolus capreolus</i> and <i>Cervus elaphus</i> play an important role in the life cycle of <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>, two <i>Bartonella</i> species, <i>Theileria</i> and <i>Babesia</i> spp. Whereas in the isolates obtained from 50 representatives of <i>Sus scrofa</i>, the DNA of only one pathogen, <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> occurred. 63.5% of 74 PCR+ isolates from <i>Capreolus capreolus</i> showed a double coinfection and three isolates – triple. In the tissues of <i>Cervus elaphus</i>, the coinfections were triple in 38% of individuals, double in 40%, single in 84%.
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Bemis, Michael F. "Book Review: Humans and Animals: A Geography of Coexistence." Reference & User Services Quarterly 57, no. 2 (December 28, 2017): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.57.2.6540.
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Homo sapien is just one species among millions of other animals here on Planet Earth. In the space of just a few thousand years, however, humans have altered the balance of life on this cosmic speck in ways large and small. That alone would be reason enough to warrant the publication of this volume, an examination of human-animal relationships. The editors provide an additional motive, pointing out that “as animals ourselves, our very survival as a species is intimately connected to these others” (xi). It behooves us, then, to understand how we can all just get along together, as denoted by “coexistence” in the subtitle.
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Trout, Colette. "Les animaux et nous chez Marie Darrieussecq : une coexistence indispensable." Précisions sur les sciences dans l'oeuvre de Marie Darrieussecq, no. 115 (March 3, 2020): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1067880ar.
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This article analyses the importance of animals in Marie Darrieussecq’s writings. Informed by the latest scholarship on French animal studies, it shows how the novelist gives a voice to animals, without falling into the trap of basic anthropomorphism. Her novels, furthermore, reflect on the metaphysical question of what constitutes us as human. Using narrative structures which blur the difference between humans and animals, Darrieussecq reveals the continuity that unites us. Thus, she deconstructs the Cartesian notion of a “human exception”. For Darrieussecq, literature is a way to try to see the world through the animals’ point of view, for it is the place where one encounters the Other, where one does not talk in place of the others but “for them. Toward them” (Rapport de Police 255). The writer fulfills what she has always considered to be her mission, to write where words do not yet exist.
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Hunold, Christian, and Maz Mazuchowski. "Human–Wildlife Coexistence in Urban Wildlife Management: Insights from Nonlethal Predator Management and Rodenticide Bans." Animals 10, no. 11 (October 28, 2020): 1983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10111983.
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Conceptions of human–wildlife coexistence that acknowledge nonhuman wild animals as fellow urban dwellers with legitimate claims on shared urban spaces are starting to influence urban wildlife management practices. Insofar as at least some wild animals have successfully achieved membership in urban society, how has this revaluation affected how urban wildlife is governed? Our interpretive policy analysis explores this question in two areas of urban wildlife management where practices are becoming less lethal: predator management and rodent control. A directed qualitative content analysis of U.S. urban wildlife management plans and rodent control strategies reveals a shift from conflict to coexistence as the basis for understanding human–wildlife relations in urban settings. Indiscriminate killing of urban wildlife is condemned as unethical as well as impractical, and lethal control figures as a measure of last resort that must be rationally justified. Commensal rodents, however, do not benefit from this shift toward coexistence between humans and nonhuman species. Campaigns to restrict the use of rodenticides are intended to protect carnivores, not the rodents themselves. Though urban wildlife management is consistent with some elements of the vision of multispecies flourishing developed by human–animal studies scholars, not all species benefit equally from this transition, and the legitimacy of wild animals’ claims on shared urban spaces often remains contingent on their good behavior.
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Edwards, Kyle F., and John J. Stachowicz. "Spatially stochastic settlement and the coexistence of benthic marine animals." Ecology 92, no. 5 (May 2011): 1094–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/10-1332.1.
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Galardi, Morgana, Marta De Santis, Roberta Moruzzo, Franco Mutinelli, and Laura Contalbrigo. "Animal Assisted Interventions in the Green Care Framework: A Literature Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 7, 2021): 9431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189431.
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Green Care (GC) and Animal Assisted Interventions (AAI) are recognised practices useful to enhance the wellbeing of people through interaction with nature and animals. This study aims at understanding the interconnections between GC and AAI by analysing deeply which interaction with animals is conducted. Therefore, we carried out a literature search through Web of Science and Google Scholar that allowed retrieval of 993 records; after the PRISMA selection process, 42 were included. Relevant information was extracted: year of publication, geographical location, objectives, settings in agricultural environment, animal species, characteristics of users involved, type of human–animal interaction, coexistence of other activities without animals, animal health and welfare issues. From the review emerged that research on GC with animals is common in high-income countries and that the line between AAI and occupational therapy is often vague. Moreover, the most common setting for these interventions appears to be the farm, and frequently animals involved are not selected according to their ethological characteristics. Users in this context are extremely various and not only involved in activities with animals. Within the included studies, we noted a lack in the consideration of animal welfare that indicates the need for increased awareness among practitioners and a more ethical approach when animals are involved.
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Reichman, OJ, and E. Roberts. "Computer-Simulation Analysis of Foraging by Heteromyid Rodents in Relation to Seed Distributions - Implications for Coexistence." Australian Journal of Zoology 42, no. 4 (1994): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9940467.
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A number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the mechanisms that promote coexistence among sympatric rodents in North American deserts. In an effort to determine how the distribution of seeds influences foraging patterns and coexistence in a three-species community of heteromyid rodents, we developed a computer simulation model that determines the efficiency of foraging for animals of different sizes. Specifically, the simulation determines how long it would take a forager to gather sufficient energy for 24 h if the animal stopped at seed patches of certain densities. The analyses were conducted for naturally occurring seed distributions and densities, for simulated normal and uniform distributions at natural densities, and for natural distributions at seed densities one-third those known to occur naturally. The results indicate that, under natural distributions and densities, each of the three species possessed unique optima for utilising seed patches of different density. However, when either the seed distribution or density differed from actual values, all three species had identical optima. The implications of these results for promoting coexistence are discussed.
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Łakomska, Bogna. "Images of Animals in Neolithic Chinese Ceramic." ATHENS JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & ARTS 8, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajha.8-1-3.
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The images of animals or their (more or less) stylised motifs once depicted in the form of painting and sculpture, and nowadays through various media, have many stories to tell. Their ancient images point to the undeniably great role that animals played in human life. The rich material culture, as well as the written sources we have today, enables us to examine – both in physical and spiritual terms – the coexistence and co-creation of the worlds of people and animals in the region that we now call China. General animal research, especially within Europe, usually concerns spatial and physical differences; animals from ancient, medieval and early modern times are researched in the context of their utilitarian role, as well as their exoticism, discovering new species and deepening knowledge about those already known to man. Creating a picture of the animal images in Chinese Neolithic art, I hope to present various social and political practices that have influenced the acquisition of knowledge about animals, and thus to discover their role in human life. Chinese animal studies to date in pre-dynastic and dynastic eras regularly focus on animals as spiritual beings and sources of nutrition. It is worth looking at the significance of animals from a different angle – from the perspective of art, which can inform us about animals and people in the context of religion, magic, symbols, aesthetics and the spiritual life of both. My article focuses particularly on the decorative motifs appearing in ceramics of three Neolithic cultures: Yangshao 4000–3000 BC, Hemudu 5500-3300 BC and Longshan 2500-1900 BC.
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Łakomska, Bogna. "Images of Animals in Neolithic Chinese Ceramic." ATHENS JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & ARTS 8, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajha.8-1-3.
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The images of animals or their (more or less) stylised motifs once depicted in the form of painting and sculpture, and nowadays through various media, have many stories to tell. Their ancient images point to the undeniably great role that animals played in human life. The rich material culture, as well as the written sources we have today, enables us to examine – both in physical and spiritual terms – the coexistence and co-creation of the worlds of people and animals in the region that we now call China. General animal research, especially within Europe, usually concerns spatial and physical differences; animals from ancient, medieval and early modern times are researched in the context of their utilitarian role, as well as their exoticism, discovering new species and deepening knowledge about those already known to man. Creating a picture of the animal images in Chinese Neolithic art, I hope to present various social and political practices that have influenced the acquisition of knowledge about animals, and thus to discover their role in human life. Chinese animal studies to date in pre-dynastic and dynastic eras regularly focus on animals as spiritual beings and sources of nutrition. It is worth looking at the significance of animals from a different angle – from the perspective of art, which can inform us about animals and people in the context of religion, magic, symbols, aesthetics and the spiritual life of both. My article focuses particularly on the decorative motifs appearing in ceramics of three Neolithic cultures: Yangshao 4000–3000 BC, Hemudu 5500-3300 BC and Longshan 2500-1900 BC.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Coexistence with animals"
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BROWN, JOEL STEVEN. "COEXISTENCE ON A RESOURCE WHOSE ABUNDANCE VARIES: A TEST WITH DESERT RODENTS (PREDATION RISK, FORAGING BEHAVIOR, COMMUNITY STRUCTURE)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188178.
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Variability is a universal, but poorly understood, property of ecosystems. A common belief that environmental variability has a destabilizing effect on species coexistence is being challenged by a growing body of theoretical research; variance in resource abundances may actually promote species coexistence. Here, I develop three models which give ecological conditions for coexistence on a single resource. The first considers a resource whose abundance varies seasonally. Coexistence may be possible if there is a tradeoff between foraging efficiency and maintenance efficiency. The first species can forage profitably on low resource abundances while the second uses dormancy to "travel" inexpensively between temporal periods of high resource abundance. The second considers a resource whose abundance varies spatially. Coexistence may be possible if there is a tradeoff between foraging efficiency and the cost of travel. The first species forages patches to a lower giving up density while the second can inexpensively travel between patches with high resource abundances. The third considers an environment in which foraging costs change seasonally. Coexistence may be possible if there is a tradeoff between the cost of foraging during different seasons. The species which is the most efficient forager changes seasonally. Because coexisting species often exhibit little apparent diet or habitat separation, seed-eating desert rodents offer a promising community for testing the three aforementioned mechanisms of coexistence. In a community of four granivorous rodents, (Perognathus amplus, Dipodomys merriami, Spermophilus tereticaudus, and Ammospermophilus harrisii), I used artificial seed patches to measure species and habitat specific foraging efficiencies. The third mechanism of coexistence appears to explain the presence of P. amplus, D. merriami, and S. tereticaudus in the community. Each enjoys a season during which it is the most efficient forager. The second mechanism of coexistence explains the presence of A. harrisii in the community. This species preferred to forage a large number of widely spaced patches to a high giving up density rather than foraging a few patches to a low giving up density.
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Boháč, Ivo. "ZOO stavby - architektektura jako okno do přírody Pavilony ekosystémů." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233269.
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Today’s ZOO is varied mosaic of buildings and elements in the whole typological scale. Czech republic is country with affluent history and proceeded structure today‘s zoological gardens and parcs. But comprehensive draft view of solue problems is missing. This thesis has next basic objectives: Carry out value historical development of coexistence man and animals, constructions of ZOO gardens and today’s condition. a) apply systematical categorization of ZOO buildings with accent for complex expositions of ecosystems pavilions. b) analyse basic today’s principles of design ZOO buildings with a view to pavilions of ecosystems. c) produce comprehensive document like data for architectural practice and for education of new architect – specialist. This paper will serve for education too. That is why presentation of describe principles on the real example from own practice and on the school designs from my classes is attach. The basic task, which follow from objective of the thesis, is definition of principles for design of ecosystems pavilions, like top representative of ZOO exposition buildings. It is definition of basic character, description of general and specific principles above all.
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Nuttall, Daniel B. "Sustaining human and non-human animal populations, from competition to coexistence : a model." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2002. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ65831.pdf.
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Hockings, Kimberley. "Human-chimpanzee coexistence at Bossou, the Republic of Guinea : a chimpanzee perspective." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/189.
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The increasing rate of human population growth has expanded the human-primate interface, with more conversion of natural primate habitat to agricultural land. Elevated levels of crop-raiding by primates are a by-product of natural resources becoming less available, and the nutritional riches of agricultural production becoming increasingly known to the primates. It was the aim of this thesis to focus on the Bossou chimpanzees’ (Pan troglodytes verus) perspective of their habitat in the Republic of Guinea, West Africa, the risks and opportunities presented by a human-dominated landscape, and to detail their day-to-day coexistence with humans. I combined a variety of data collection techniques, from focal, scan and ad libitum behavioural sampling of the chimpanzees’ daily activities, to broad ecological and habitat surveys. The chimpanzees rely on cultivated foods, and thus are forced to respond to humans. However, significant variation in the importance of various cultivars in the chimpanzees’ diet exists; certain cultivars are mostly fallback foods, while others are preferred food items and taken according to their availability in orchards and fields. The usage patterns of wild and cultivated foods by the chimpanzees of Bossou are thus inextricably connected. Whilst engaged in crop-raiding the chimpanzees exhibit several behavioural adaptations, namely a decrease in vocalisation levels, and increases in the transportation of food and specific vigilance behaviour. Adult males and adult male-only parties crop-raid more than other age- and sex-classes/compositions, and are more likely to take risks by raiding in exposed environments with increased risk of human confrontation. The use of human cultivars also affects the socio-sexual behaviour of the chimpanzees: chimpanzees appear to share the fruits of their risky labours (crop-raiding) as a food-for-sex strategy, which allow adult males to advertise prowess and enhance affiliative relationships with reproductively valuable females (Hockings et al., in prep). In addition, behavioural adaptations to other anthropogenic high-risk situations such as road-crossing were found, with the chimpanzees exhibiting impressive levels of socio-spatial flexibility and cooperation (Hockings et al., 2006). The chimpanzees’ level of anxiety (as measured by rough self-directed scratching) increases when dealing with some of the challenges posed by their physical and social environment. The chimpanzees of Bossou have been forced to adapt ecologically and behaviourally to the various costs and benefits of living in a human-dominated environment.
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Larroque, Jeremy. "Same looks, different ecology : ecological and genetic insights on two syntopic mustelids species, the European Pine marten (Martes martes) and the Stone marten (Martes foina)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10019.
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Un des objectifs majeurs de l'Ecologie est de comprendre les mécanismes qui facilitent la coexistence des espèces. L'hypothèse de la complémentarité des niches prédit qu'afin de coexister, deux espèces sympatriques doivent différer dans les conditions nécessaires à leur survie pour une des trois principales dimensions écologiques, la dimension spatiale, la dimension temporelle et la dimension alimentaire. Les mécanismes qui permettent la syntopie chez les mammifères terrestres sont complexes et variés et, parmi les méso-carnivores, la sélection d'habitat différentielle est un phénomène très répandu permettant la coexistence. La martre Européenne (Martes martes) et la fouine (Martes foina) sont les deux espèces carnivores sympatriques les plus similaires en termes de phylogénie, morphologie, régime alimentaire et rythme d'activité. Dans une région rurale française (la Bresse) où les deux espèces sont présentes en sympatrie, nous avons montré une sélection de l'habitat différentielle qui pourrait expliquer leur coexistence. En utilisant des suivis télémétriques, nous avons montré que les deux espèces diffèrent dans leur patron d'utilisation des gîtes de repos diurnes (nombre de gîtes, surface couverte par les gîtes, principal habitat utilisé pour le gîte). De plus, à partir d'un nombre important d'individus génotypés, nous avons montré que les différences dans l'utilisation de l'habitat n'ont que de faibles conséquences sur les éléments du paysage qui influent sur les flux de gènes. En effet, alors que nous avons montré un impact négatif de la pression de piégeage plus important pour la fouine que pour la martre, la connectivité pour les deux espèces est principalement assurée par le couvert végétal alors que les routes, le bâti humain et le milieu ouvert la réduisent partiellement. Ces résultats, collectivement avec une comparaison morphométrique et une approche en dynamique de population, fournissent des éléments de réponse quant à ce patron de coexistence et ses conséquences sur ces deux espèces sympatriquesOne of the major goals of ecology is to understand the mechanisms which promote species coexistence. The niche-complementarity hypothesis predicts that two sympatric species must differ in their requirements for one of the three main ecological dimensions, i.e. habitat use, diet and activity time, to coexist. Mechanisms that allow for synthopy in terrestrial mammals are complex and varied and, among mesocarnivores, differential habitat selection is a widespread evidenced phenomenon facilitating coexistence. Plus, this differential habitat selection must have consequences on the landscape elements influencing gene flow. It is thus important to gather information on species life history traits in terms of habitat use and selection and in terms of demographic and genetic responses to environmental perturbations. The European pine marten (Martes martes) and the stone marten (Martes foina) are the most similar sympatric carnivores in Europe taking into account phylogenetic relationships, morphology, foraging behaviour, and activity pattern. In a French rural region (Bresse, eastern France) where both species are present in sympatry, we evidenced differential habitat use which could theoretically explain their sympatry. Using telemetry data set, we shown that both species differed in their resting site patterns (number of resting sites, area over which they are distributed, main habitat type used for resting). Additionally, using large data set of genotyped individuals, we found that these habitat use differences have slight consequences on the landscape elements influence on gene flow. Indeed, while we shown a differential negative impact of the trapping pressure on the spatial genetic variation, connectivity in both species is mainly provided by vegetation cover while roads human buildings and open area partially impede it. These results, collectively with morphometric comparison and population dynamics approaches, provided better insights on the pattern and the consequences of the coexistence of the two sympatric species
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Castaldo-Walsh, Cynthia. "Human-Wildlife Conflict and Coexistence in a More-than-Human World: A Multiple Case Study Exploring the Human-Elephant-Conservation Nexus in Namibia and Sri Lanka." Diss., NSUWorks, 2019. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/134.
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This qualitative multiple case study explored human-elephant conflict-coexistence relationships and issues of conservation in Namibia (Damaraland) and Sri Lanka (Wasgamuwa) from a posthumanist, multispecies perspective. Within each region, conflict between humans and elephants is considered high, elephants are considered endangered and are of high conservation priority, the human population has grown significantly, and community-based organizations are implementing holistic approaches to increase positive relations between humans and elephants. This study was guided by research questions that explored the current landscape of the human-elephant-conservation nexus within each region, the shared histories between humans and elephants over time, and the value in utilizing more-than-human theoretical and methodological frameworks to enhance human-elephant relationships and support conservation efforts. Data collection methods included participant observation, naturalistic observation, interviews, visual data, and documents. Data was triangulated and analyzed within each case, as well as across cases. Major themes were identified within each case that describe unique contexts, cultures, and shared histories. These findings were then analyzed comparatively. Emergent themes across cases identified ways that a more-than-human framework may be useful in fostering coexistence between humans and elephants and supporting conservation efforts. This study contributes to the evolving scholarship on multispecies approaches to inquiry and methodology from the position of conflict resolution scholar, supports a more inclusive framework for analyzing human-wildlife conflicts, discusses theoretical and methodological implications in multispecies research, and provides recommendations for future research.
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Souza, Ludemila Martins de. "Ecologia trófica de Conopophaga lineata (Wied, 1831) e Conopophaga melanos (Vieillot, 1818) (Aves: Conopophagidae): aspectos das relações de nicho e seleção de presa." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2017. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/5873.
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Dados sobre a ecologia alimentar de duas aves de sub-bosque foram coletados na Reserva Biológica Municipal do Poço D’anta, Juiz de Fora – MG, sudeste do Brasil. Conopophaga lineata e Conopophaga melanops são encontradas ocorrendo em simpátria em algumas localidades da Região Sudeste. Estudos com espécies aparentadas e simpátricas podem ser úteis no sentido de avaliar a influência do nicho sobre co ocorrência e co-existência. Durante as amostragens utilizando redes ornitológicas obtivemos 29 capturas de 25 indivíduos de C. lineata, e 28 capturas de 21 indivíduos de C. melanops. Na triagem das amostras fecais de C. lineata e C. melanops foram encontrados, respectivamente, 310 e 276 itens. C. lineata consumiu predominantemente Formicidae (53,5%), Coleoptera (6,8%). Entretanto, o índice alimentar (IA) de Coleoptera (7,47) ficou abaixo de outros grupos como Formicidae (68,2) e Araneae (8,80). C. melanops consumiu altas proporções de Formicidae (23,2%), Coloptera (12,3%), Orthoptera (11,6%) e Isoptera (11,2%), embora em termos de IA o predomínio tenha sido de Formicidae (24,66) e Coleoptera (20,14). A sobreposição de nicho entre as espécies foi maior que o esperado (observado = 0.723). Apesar das diferenças nas proporções dos tipos de artrópodes consumidos não foram suficientes para revelar separação de seus nichos alimentares. Embora se encontrem na literatura que C. lineata seleciona tanto tipo de presas quanto artrópodes maiores que 5 mm em proporções acima do esperado pelo acaso, assim como foi observado para C. melanops predação preferencial sobre alguns táxons. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que, em alguns casos, os padrões ecológicos das respostas das aves aos recursos encontrados no ambiente podem ser diferentes daqueles encontrados em outras regiões.
Data on the food ecology of two understory birds were collected at the Municipal Reserva Biológica Municipal do Poço D’anta, Juiz de Fora – MG, Southeastern Brazil. Conopophaga lineata and Conopophaga melanops are found occurring in sympatry in some localities of the Southeast Region. Studies with related and sympatric species may be useful in assessing the influence of the niche on co-occurrence and co-existence. During the samplings using ontological networks were carried out 29 catches of 25 individuals of C. lineata, and 28 catches of 21 individuals of C. melanops. In the sorting of the fecal samples of C. lineata and C. melanops were found, respectively, 310 and 276 items. C. lineata consumed predominantly Formicidae (53.5%), Coleoptera (6.8%). However, Coleoptera dietary index (AI) (7.47) was below other groups such as Formicidae (68.2) and Araneae (8.80). C. melanops consumed high proportions of Formicidae (23.2%), Coloptera (12.3%), Orthoptera (11.6%) and Isoptera (11.2%), although in terms of AI the predominance was Formicidae (24.66) and Coleoptera (20.14). The niche overlap between species was higher than expected (observed = 0.723). Although differences in the proportions of the types of arthropods consumed were not sufficient to reveal separation of their food niches. Although it is found in the literature that C. lineata selects both prey and arthropod species larger than 5 mm in proportions above that expected by chance, just as it was observed for C. melanops preferential predation on some taxa. The results show that, in some cases, the ecological patterns of bird responses to the resources found in the environment may be different from those found in other regions.
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Dib, Rihab. "Compétition intra- et interspécifique chez deux parasitoïdes sympatriques : résolution des conflits et conséquences sur les stratégies d'exploitation des hôtes." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR4025/document.
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Quand deux espèces exploitent la même niche écologique, elles entrent en compétition. Cette compétition interspécifique peut conduire à l’exclusion de l’une d’entre elles. Toutefois, il est possible qu’un équilibre s’installe et que les deux espèces coexistent en sympatrie. Eupelmus vuilleti et Dinarmus basalis sont deux espèces de parasitoïdes solitaires, exploitant la même niche écologique, les larves et les nymphes de Callosobruchus maculatus un coléoptère séminivore. En situation de compétition par exploitation, E. vuilleti présente les caractéristiques d’une espèce dominante, potentiellement capable d’exclure D. basalis. Aussi, nous nous sommes demandés comment D. basalis peut se maintenir dans la même niche écologique qu’E. vuilleti, comme cela est observé dans certaines zones africaines ? Nos résultats montrent qu’en présence de compétitrices (compétition par interférence), les femelles des deux espèces expriment des comportements agonistiques et la résolution des conflits est principalement influencée par la valeur que les femelles placent dans la ressource. Nous montrons finalement que dans les conditions de compétition interspécifique directe, les femelles de D. basalis sont plus agressives et font du self-suparparasitisme pour augmenter leur gain en fitness. Au contraire, les femelles d’E. vuilleti s’éloignent et attendent pour finalement revenir multiparasiter après le départ de cette dernière. En conséquence, la coexistence de ces deux espèces est le résultat d’un équilibre entre les stratégies adoptées par les femelles dans ces deux situations de compétitionWhen two species exploit the same ecological niche, interspecific competition may lead to the exclusion of one of them. For the two species to co-exist, resource exploitation strategies developed by both species must somehow counter-balance each other. Eupelmus vuilleti and Dinarmus basalis are two solitary parasitoid species exploiting the same hosts, larvae and pupae of Callosobruchus maculatus. When confronted to already parasitized hosts (i.e. exploitative competition), Eupelmus vuilleti seems to be dominant and potentially able to exclude D. basalis. Here, we aim at understanding how E. vuilleti and D. basalis can coexist when in sympatry. More particularly, we investigate the behavioral strategies adopted by females of both species when exploiting the resource (i.e. host) in presence of a competitor female (conspecific or interspecific) (i.e. interference competition). Our study reveals that in presence of a competitor female, E. vuilleti and D. basalis females display agonistic behaviors and the contest resolution is mainly influenced by the value that contestants place on the resource. Finally, under interspecific direct competition, D. basalis females tend to outcompete E. vuilleti females: they are more aggressive. In contrast, E. vuilleti females adopt a waiting strategy, waiting for the opponent female’s departure to multiparasitize hosts after committing an ovicide. Thus, both species seem to show counterbalancing strategies which could promote their coexistence in nature and granaries
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Gastineau, Adrienne. "Patrons spatiaux et processus écologiques de déprédation par les grands carnivores : le cas de l’ours brun et des troupeaux domestiques en Europe de l’Ouest." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS111.
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Les conflits entre l'homme et la faune sauvage constituent une menace pour les espèces en voie de disparition, ce qui met en péril sa conservation à l’échelle mondiale. En particulier, préserver les grands carnivores pose le défi de la coexistence avec les humains. En Europe, le chevauchement entre activités humaines et habitats naturels est inévitable. Ce chevauchement induit des interactions parfois négatives avec les grands carnivores. La prédation sur les troupeaux domestiques, ou déprédation, est l'un des principaux facteurs limitant leur acceptation. La déprédation est un conflit très répandu à l'échelle mondiale et semble particulièrement intense dans les zones de recolonisation. Afin de réduire les dommages causés aux troupeaux, il est nécessaire de comprendre comment la déprédation varie dans l'espace et dans le temps. La conservation des populations d'Ours brun (Ursus arctos) dans les Pyrénées et dans les Alpes italiennes, populations renforcées par la translocation d’individus Slovènes, offrent des cas d'études pertinents pour illustrer cette problématique. Dans cette thèse, je me suis intéressée dans un premier temps à l'agrégation spatiale des événements de déprédation dans les Pyrénées Centrales françaises à l’aide d’un test du Getis- Ord de dépendance spatiale. Cette analyse a mis en évidence la présence de points chauds significatifs de déprédation de l'ours brun (ou foyers d’attaque) ainsi que l'absence de zones froides. Les points chauds de déprédation sont autocorrélés dans le temps, ce qui signifie qu'un point chaud d'une année est susceptible d'exister au cours des années suivantes. A une échelle plus fine, cette analyse a permis d’identifier des points chauds inter- et intra-estives et une méthode simple pour redimensionner ces résultats à plus large échelle est proposée. Les phénomènes de déprédation ont été identifiés comme étant concentrés dans des points chauds et liés à certaines caractéristiques environnementales ("effet site"). L'objectif était d'identifier les principaux facteurs paysagers où les troupeaux domestiques étaient les plus vulnérables à l'ours brun. La transférabilité des résultats développés dans un contexte local spécifique a été évaluée par la comparaison des populations Pyrénéenne et Alpine. Dans les deux populations, nous avons analysé l'activité de l'ours brun, le terrain, l'infrastructure humaine et les variables d'habitat pour la période 2010 - 2017. Les résultats indiquent que l'activité de l'ours brun, la proportion de prairie, la distance par rapport à la forêt et la rugosité du terrain sont fortement associées au risque de déprédation, de façons similaires dans les deux zones d'étude. Au-delà des effets de l’environnement, les comportements individuels des prédateurs sont susceptibles d’influencer les patrons de déprédation. Les choix effectués par les ours au cours de leurs déplacements engendrent des spécificités d’utilisation de leur habitat et des items alimentaires pouvant participer à la création des points chauds de déprédation. Ainsi, les caractéristiques des mouvements des individus peuvent être motivés par différentes activités comme la recherche de nourriture ou d’un partenaire pour la reproduction. Enfin, éviter et réduire les dégâts liés aux grands carnivores peut participer à l’amélioration de leur statut de conservation par la biais de l’amélioration de leur tolérance par les humains. Un panorama des situations de conflit entre les humains et les carnivores à l’échelle mondiale a été dressé afin d’évaluer l'efficacité de trois catégories de réponses aux conflits (non létales, translocations et létales)Conflicts between humans and wildlife pose a threat to endangered species, which threatens their conservation worldwide. In particular, preserving large carnivores challenges the coexistence with humans. In Europe, the overlap between human activities and natural habitats is mandatory. This overlap leads sometimes to negative interactions with large carnivores. Predation on domestic herds, or depredation, is one of the main factors limiting their acceptance. Depredation is a widespread global conflict and seems particularly intense in recolonization areas. In order to reduce damage to herds, it is necessary to understand how depredation varies over space and time. The conservation of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) in the Pyrenees and the Italian Alps, populations reinforced by the translocation of Slovenian individuals, offer relevant case studies to illustrate this issue. In this thesis, I first focused on the spatial aggregation of depredation events in the French Central Pyrenees using a Getis-Ord test of spatial dependence. This analysis revealed the presence of significant brown bear depredation hotspots and the absence of cold areas. Depredation hotspots are self-correlated over time, which means that a hot spot in one year is likely to exist in subsequent years. At a finer scale, this analysis allowed the identification of inter- and intra-pasture hotspots and a simple method to rescale these results at a larger scale is proposed. Depredation has been identified as being concentrated in hotspots and linked to certain environmental characteristics ("site effect"). The objective was to identify the main landscape factors where domestic herds were most vulnerable to brown bears. The transferability of the results developed in a specific local context was assessed by comparing the Pyrenean and Alpine populations. In both populations, we analyzed brown bear activity, terrain, human infrastructure and habitat variables for the period 2010 - 2017. The results indicated that brown bear activity, grassland proportion, distance from the forest and terrain roughness are strongly associated with the risk of depredation, in similar ways in both study areas. Beyond the effects of the environment, the individual behavior of predators are likely to influence the visible patterns of depredation. The choices made by bears during their movements generate specific habitat use and selection of food items that can contribute to the creation of depredation hotspots. Thus, the characteristics of individuals' movements may be motivated by different activities such as searching for food or a breeding partner. Finally, avoiding and reducing damage from large carnivores can help to improve their conservation status by improving their tolerance by humans. A global overview of human-carnivore conflict situations has been developed to assess the effectiveness of three categories of conflict responses (non-lethal, translocations and lethal). The conclusions of this analysis are as follows: (1) conflict with carnivores is widespread and the main problems are space sharing, predation on livestock and attacks on humans; (2) non-lethal techniques have been assessed as the most effective in reducing conflicts while preserving carnivore populations; (3) conflict management documentation is often imprecise and difficult to compare between studies or situations. The proactive use of non-lethal techniques is therefore recommended to promote coexistence between humans and large carnivores. The tools developed make it possible to mitigate the impacts of conflicts and thus reinforce positive attitudes towards large carnivorous species
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Broekhuis, Femke. "Niche segregation by cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) as a mechanism for co-existence with lion (Panthera leo) and spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b49a3d35-1b89-4c38-91c5-10330589b2be.
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Intraguild competition and predation have been recognised as important ecological factors influencing the population dynamics of carnivores. The effects of these interactions are often asymmetrical due to a size-related dominancy hierarchy. However, it has been suggested that competitively subordinate carnivores can minimise the costs of predation and competition through spatial and temporal avoidance. Here I investigate the ecological and behavioural mechanisms by which cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) coexist with competitively stronger lions (Panthera leo) and spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta). Fieldwork was carried out in the Okavango Delta, northern Botswana, between October 2008 and August 2011. A total of 20 Global Positioning System (GPS) radio-collars were fitted on all known cheetahs (n=6), lion prides (n=5) and spotted hyaena clans (n=6) in the study area (approx. 3 000 km2). Pre-programmed radio-collars recorded locations and activity continuously for each individual and these data were complemented with direct behavioural observations. Cheetah data were analysed with respect to the temporal and spatial likelihood of encountering lions and spotted hyaenas. Results suggest that the response to the risks posed by other predators is species-specific, habitat-specific and dependent on the immediacy of the risk. Resource partitioning was not the main mechanism for coexistence as cheetahs overlapped extensively with lions and spotted hyaenas in time, space and habitat use. Instead, cheetahs adjusted their spatial distribution in response to immediate risks or adapted their habitat use depending on their vulnerability (e.g. behaviours such as feeding or with differing levels of moonlight at night). In general, cheetah temporal and spatial distribution is a hierarchal process, firstly driven by resource acquisition and thereafter fine-tuned by predator avoidance. In addition, habitat heterogeneity seemed to be key in facilitating coexistence. Understanding the behavioural mechanisms that interacting apex predators adopt to regulate these negative interactions could be crucial to carnivore conservation, especially as human-related habitat loss is forcing species into ever smaller areas.
Books on the topic "Coexistence with animals"
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Fijn, Natasha. Living with herds: Human-animal coexistence in Mongolia. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
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Urbanik, Julie, and Connie L. Johnston. Humans and animals: A geography of coexistence. 2017.
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Rosie, Woodroffe, Thirgood S. J, and Rabinowitz Alan 1953-, eds. People and wildlife: Conflict or coexistence? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
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Pierce, Jessica, and Marc Bekoff Ph D. The Animals' Agenda: Freedom, Compassion, and Coexistence in the Human Age. Beacon Press, 2018.
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author, Pierce Jessica 1965, ed. The animals' agenda: Freedom, compassion, and coexistence in the Human Age. Beacon Press, 2017.
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Kalof, Linda, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Animal Studies. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199927142.001.0001.
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Animal studies is an interdisciplinary field that captures one of the most important topics in contemporary society: how can humans rethink and reconfigure their relationships with other animals? This “animal question” is the focus of The Oxford Handbook of Animal Studies. In the last few decades, animal studies has flourished, with the widespread recognition of (1) the commodification of animals in a wide variety of human contexts, such as the use of animals as food, labor, and objects of spectacle and science; (2) the degradation of the natural world and a staggering loss of animal habitat and species extinction; and (3) the increasing need to coexist with other animals in urban, rural, and natural contexts. These themes are mapped into five major categories, reflected in the titles of the five parts that structure this volume: “Animals in the Landscape of Law, Politics, and Public Policy”; “Animal Intentionality, Agency, and Reflexive Thinking”; “Animals as Objects in Science, Food, Spectacle, and Sport”; “Animals in Cultural Representations”; and “Animals in Ecosystems.” Each category is explicated with specially commissioned chapters written by international scholars from diverse backgrounds, including philosophy, law, history, English, art, sociology, geography, archaeology, environmental studies, cultural studies, and animal advocacy. The thirty chapters of the handbook investigate issues and concepts central to understanding our current relationship with other animals and the potential for coexistence in an ecological community of living beings.
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Fijn, Natasha. Living with Herds: Human-Animal Coexistence in Mongolia. University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations, 2017.
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Beck, Benjamin B., Michael Hutchins, Terry L. Maple, Tara S. Stoinski, and Bryan Norton. Great Apes and Humans: The Ethics of Coexistence. Smithsonian Institution Press, 2014.
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L, Knight Richard, and Gutzwiller Kevin J, eds. Wildlife and recreationists: Coexistence through management and research. Washington, D.C: Island Press, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Coexistence with animals"
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Ritchie, M. "Competition and Coexistence of Mobile Animals." In Competition and Coexistence, 109–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56166-5_5.
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Gilmour, Michael J. "Genesis and Peaceful Coexistence." In Animals in the Writings of C. S. Lewis, 31–60. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55298-3_2.
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Shirae-Kurabayashi, Maki, and Akira Nakamura. "Germ-Cell Formation in Solitary Ascidians: Coexistence of Preformation and Epigenesis." In Diversity and Commonality in Animals, 3–18. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56609-0_1.
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Drenthen, Martin. "Coexisting with Wolves in Cultural Landscapes: Fences as Communicative Devices." In The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics, 425–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63523-7_23.
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AbstractThis paper argues that many conflicts regarding the return of the wolf to the thoroughly humanized and densely populated cultural landscapes of Western Europe rest on the dualistic idea that culture and nature are two strictly separated realms of reality, and on the assumption that wild animals are primarily passive beings without proper agency. Once we acknowledge wolves as beings with agency with whom we share the landscape, we come to see that the challenge of coexistence with wild animals such as wolves is not primarily a matter of finding a compromise between human interests and the interests of wild animals. Rather, we have to learn and negotiate that the landscape is a space that is interpreted and inhabited by many different beings, with whom we are always already communicating, even if we are not always aware of it.
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Gilmour, Michael J. "St. Francis Visits Rabbit Hill: Visions of Coexistence." In Creative Compassion, Literature and Animal Welfare, 123–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55430-9_5.
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Jansman, Hugh A. H. "Animal Conservation in the Twenty-First Century." In The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics, 27–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63523-7_2.
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AbstractBiodiversity on Earth is rapidly decreasing and the situation in the Netherlands is in that perspective a textbook example. The main causes for species extinction are habitat loss, landscape degradation and overuse. Conservation efforts should focus more on the level of viable ecosystems. A strategic plan to do so is called Cores, Corridors and Carnivores (rewilding’s three C’s). This requires strong Cores of nature, mutually connected via robust Corridors. Based on island biogeography theory it can be calculated that if we want to conserve roughly 85% of the current biodiversity, 50% of the Earth’s surface needs to be protected, ‘Nature needs half’. For healthy ecosystems we need to get top-down forcing by apex consumers back in ecosystems. These apex consumers are mainly large Carnivores, and bringing them back asks for coexistence. If we want to keep our living conditions on planet Earth healthy we have to change our unsustainable way of living and change our way of thinking with respect to nature, natural processes and our relation with other species. The loss of biodiversity can only be halted or reversed if we save more space for nature and natural processes including top-down forcing and last but not least, find a way of coexistence with our fellow creatures.
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Cárdenas, César A., and Américo Montiel. "Coexistence in Cold Waters: Animal Forests in Seaweed-Dominated Habitats in Southern High-Latitudes." In Marine Animal Forests, 257–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21012-4_50.
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Cárdenas, César A., and Américo Montiel. "Coexistence in Cold Waters: Animal Forests in Seaweed-Dominated Habitats in Southern High Latitudes." In Marine Animal Forests, 1–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17001-5_50-1.
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Locke, Piers. "Animals, Persons, Gods." In Conflict, Negotiation, and Coexistence, 159–79. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199467228.003.0008.
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Tilman, David. "Interspecific competition and multispecies coexistence." In Theoretical Ecology. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199209989.003.0010.
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Interspecific competition is an interaction in which species inhibit each other such that increased abundance of one species leads to lower growth rates of the other species. Numerous field studies have shown that interspecific competition is a major force determining species abundances for a wide variety of taxa in many different ecosystems (Harper, 1977; Tilman, 1982; Connell, 1983; Schoener, 1983; Aarssen and Epp, 1990; Goldberg and Barton, 1992; Casper and Jackson, 1997; Miller et al., 2005). Predator–prey interactions can also be of simultaneous importance in determining the abundances and dynamics of species (e.g. Sih et al., 1986), as can host–pathogen interactions (e.g. Hassell and Anderson, 1989; Hochberg et al., 1990; Dobson and Crawley, 1995; Mitchell and Powers, 2003) and mutualistic interactions (e.g. Kawanabe et al., 1993; Richardson et al., 2000; Stachowicz, 2001). Although this chapter focuses on competition, all types of interaction operate simultaneously in nature. Much of the early and continuing interest in competition has centered on how so many competing species coexist. G.E. Hutchinson (1959, 1961) posed the paradox of the plankton, asking how 30 or more species of algae could coexist in a few milliliters of lake or ocean water when there were only one, two, or three limiting resources and when the open waters of lakes and oceans were so homogeneous because of wind-driven mixing. Theory predicted that no more species could coexist than there were limiting factors or resources (e.g. MacArthur and Levins, 1964; Levin, 1970; Armstrong and McGehee, 1980). The same paradox occurred for terrestrial plants and animals. The Earth’s 250 000 species of vascular plants compete for a few limiting factors (usually a subset of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, water, and light).Alarge part of their diversity can, of course, be explained by the heterogeneity seen along major continental-scale and smaller-scale spatial gradients (Tilman, 1988). Expressed another way, these 250 000 vascular species are spread among perhaps 50 different biomes that occur in each of the five major biogeographic realms of Earth. One might expect different species in different biomes because of their differing climates.
Conference papers on the topic "Coexistence with animals"
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Rodríguez González, Manuela Elizabeth. "Coherencia entre animación e imagen real: recursos presentes en el universo gráfico de Gumball." In III Congreso Internacional de Investigación en Artes Visuales :: ANIAV 2017 :: GLOCAL. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/aniav.2017.4900.
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Desde la última década del s. XX, la tecnología digital toma la ventaja en casi todas las fases de la producción de cine de animación, haciendo posible entre otras cosas, la unión de cine de acción real con animación, dando lugar a series animadas de estética híbrida.El presente artículo centrará su atención en uno de estos ejemplos híbridos, El asombroso mundo de Gumball (2011), serie de animación televisiva creada por Ben Bocquelet (1983), tras proponer a Cartoon Network reunir en una única producción a todos los personajes que él había creado y que fueron rechazados por estudios de animación a lo largo de los años.Partiendo de esta unión de elementos diferentes (explicación presente en la idea base, pero no en el argumento de la serie), se analizarán los recursos que se utilizan para unir a personajes de estética dispar en un "universo gráfico" coherente. Este concepto de "universo" aparece definido por Raúl García en Actores del Lápiz (2000), como la unidad de estilo (y movimiento) en la que coexisten los personajes y elementos de diseño dentro de una serie de televisión, regidos por unas reglas que hay que mantener durante toda la creación, para hacerla verosímil ante el espectador. Teniendo en cuenta este concepto, se completará el análisis de dichos recursos estudiando producciones en las cuales la mezcla de estilos va de acorde con el argumento, o se realiza con fines de experimentación estética: desde los Lightning Sketches de Blackton (1907) o Gertie, the Good Dinosaur de McCay (1914); pasando por los personajes animados que conviven con humanos en Mary Poppins (1964), ¿Quién engañó a Roger Rabbit? (1988), o Space Jam (1996); hasta los fondos de imagen real inmersos en la animación experimental del director Masaaki Yuasa en The Tatami Galaxy (2010).http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ANIAV.2017.4900
Reports on the topic "Coexistence with animals"
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Innovative Solutions to Human-Wildlife Conflicts: National Wildlife Research Center Accomplishments, 2007. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7206794.aphis.
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The National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) is a world leader in providing science-based solutions to complex issues of wildlife damage management. As the research arm of Wildlife Services (WS) program within the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, NWRC work with WS operational staff to provide Federal leadership and expertise to resolve wildlife conflicts related to agriculture, livestock, human health and safety (including wildlife diseases), invasive species, and threatened and endangered species. NWRC is committed to finding nonlethal solutions to reduce wildlife damage to agricultural crops, aquaculture, and natural resources. As part of WS' strategic plan to improve the coexistence of people and wildlife, NWRC has identified four strategic program goals: (1) developing methods, (2) providing wildlife services, (3) valuing and investing in people, and (4) enhancing information and communication. WS is dedicated to helping meet the wildlife damage management needs of the United States by building on NWRC's strengths in these four key areas. This annual research highlights report is structured around these programs goals.