To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Coexistence with animals.
Journal articles on the topic 'Coexistence with animals'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Coexistence with animals.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Goncu, Barika, and Vehbi Gorgulu. "University Social Responsibility Towards Sustainable Coexistence of Humans and Animals on Campus: Case Study on Bilgi Animal Friends Society." Communication Management Review 03, no. 01 (July 30, 2018): 80–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22522/cmr20180130.
Full text
2
Skotarczak, B., M. Adamska, M. Sawczuk, A. Maciejewska, B. Wodecka, and A. Rymaszewska. "Coexistence of tick-borne pathogens in game animals and ticks in western Poland." Veterinární Medicína 53, No. 12 (December 29, 2008): 668–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1975-vetmed.
Full textAbstract:
Molecular studies enabling the recognition of the role of game and ticks in the circulation of pathogens transmitted by ticks and detection of coinfections in order to estimate a risk which a contact with tissues of roe deer, red deer and wild boar from north-western Poland brings were the aim of this research. DNA isolated from the blood and spleen of game and from <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> were the study materials. The results shows that <i>Capreolus capreolus</i> and <i>Cervus elaphus</i> play an important role in the life cycle of <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>, two <i>Bartonella</i> species, <i>Theileria</i> and <i>Babesia</i> spp. Whereas in the isolates obtained from 50 representatives of <i>Sus scrofa</i>, the DNA of only one pathogen, <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> occurred. 63.5% of 74 PCR+ isolates from <i>Capreolus capreolus</i> showed a double coinfection and three isolates – triple. In the tissues of <i>Cervus elaphus</i>, the coinfections were triple in 38% of individuals, double in 40%, single in 84%.
3
Bemis, Michael F. "Book Review: Humans and Animals: A Geography of Coexistence." Reference & User Services Quarterly 57, no. 2 (December 28, 2017): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.57.2.6540.
Full textAbstract:
Homo sapien is just one species among millions of other animals here on Planet Earth. In the space of just a few thousand years, however, humans have altered the balance of life on this cosmic speck in ways large and small. That alone would be reason enough to warrant the publication of this volume, an examination of human-animal relationships. The editors provide an additional motive, pointing out that “as animals ourselves, our very survival as a species is intimately connected to these others” (xi). It behooves us, then, to understand how we can all just get along together, as denoted by “coexistence” in the subtitle.
4
Trout, Colette. "Les animaux et nous chez Marie Darrieussecq : une coexistence indispensable." Précisions sur les sciences dans l'oeuvre de Marie Darrieussecq, no. 115 (March 3, 2020): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1067880ar.
Full textAbstract:
This article analyses the importance of animals in Marie Darrieussecq’s writings. Informed by the latest scholarship on French animal studies, it shows how the novelist gives a voice to animals, without falling into the trap of basic anthropomorphism. Her novels, furthermore, reflect on the metaphysical question of what constitutes us as human. Using narrative structures which blur the difference between humans and animals, Darrieussecq reveals the continuity that unites us. Thus, she deconstructs the Cartesian notion of a “human exception”. For Darrieussecq, literature is a way to try to see the world through the animals’ point of view, for it is the place where one encounters the Other, where one does not talk in place of the others but “for them. Toward them” (Rapport de Police 255). The writer fulfills what she has always considered to be her mission, to write where words do not yet exist.
5
Hunold, Christian, and Maz Mazuchowski. "Human–Wildlife Coexistence in Urban Wildlife Management: Insights from Nonlethal Predator Management and Rodenticide Bans." Animals 10, no. 11 (October 28, 2020): 1983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10111983.
Full textAbstract:
Conceptions of human–wildlife coexistence that acknowledge nonhuman wild animals as fellow urban dwellers with legitimate claims on shared urban spaces are starting to influence urban wildlife management practices. Insofar as at least some wild animals have successfully achieved membership in urban society, how has this revaluation affected how urban wildlife is governed? Our interpretive policy analysis explores this question in two areas of urban wildlife management where practices are becoming less lethal: predator management and rodent control. A directed qualitative content analysis of U.S. urban wildlife management plans and rodent control strategies reveals a shift from conflict to coexistence as the basis for understanding human–wildlife relations in urban settings. Indiscriminate killing of urban wildlife is condemned as unethical as well as impractical, and lethal control figures as a measure of last resort that must be rationally justified. Commensal rodents, however, do not benefit from this shift toward coexistence between humans and nonhuman species. Campaigns to restrict the use of rodenticides are intended to protect carnivores, not the rodents themselves. Though urban wildlife management is consistent with some elements of the vision of multispecies flourishing developed by human–animal studies scholars, not all species benefit equally from this transition, and the legitimacy of wild animals’ claims on shared urban spaces often remains contingent on their good behavior.
6
Edwards, Kyle F., and John J. Stachowicz. "Spatially stochastic settlement and the coexistence of benthic marine animals." Ecology 92, no. 5 (May 2011): 1094–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/10-1332.1.
Full text
7
Galardi, Morgana, Marta De Santis, Roberta Moruzzo, Franco Mutinelli, and Laura Contalbrigo. "Animal Assisted Interventions in the Green Care Framework: A Literature Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 7, 2021): 9431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189431.
Full textAbstract:
Green Care (GC) and Animal Assisted Interventions (AAI) are recognised practices useful to enhance the wellbeing of people through interaction with nature and animals. This study aims at understanding the interconnections between GC and AAI by analysing deeply which interaction with animals is conducted. Therefore, we carried out a literature search through Web of Science and Google Scholar that allowed retrieval of 993 records; after the PRISMA selection process, 42 were included. Relevant information was extracted: year of publication, geographical location, objectives, settings in agricultural environment, animal species, characteristics of users involved, type of human–animal interaction, coexistence of other activities without animals, animal health and welfare issues. From the review emerged that research on GC with animals is common in high-income countries and that the line between AAI and occupational therapy is often vague. Moreover, the most common setting for these interventions appears to be the farm, and frequently animals involved are not selected according to their ethological characteristics. Users in this context are extremely various and not only involved in activities with animals. Within the included studies, we noted a lack in the consideration of animal welfare that indicates the need for increased awareness among practitioners and a more ethical approach when animals are involved.
8
Reichman, OJ, and E. Roberts. "Computer-Simulation Analysis of Foraging by Heteromyid Rodents in Relation to Seed Distributions - Implications for Coexistence." Australian Journal of Zoology 42, no. 4 (1994): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9940467.
Full textAbstract:
A number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the mechanisms that promote coexistence among sympatric rodents in North American deserts. In an effort to determine how the distribution of seeds influences foraging patterns and coexistence in a three-species community of heteromyid rodents, we developed a computer simulation model that determines the efficiency of foraging for animals of different sizes. Specifically, the simulation determines how long it would take a forager to gather sufficient energy for 24 h if the animal stopped at seed patches of certain densities. The analyses were conducted for naturally occurring seed distributions and densities, for simulated normal and uniform distributions at natural densities, and for natural distributions at seed densities one-third those known to occur naturally. The results indicate that, under natural distributions and densities, each of the three species possessed unique optima for utilising seed patches of different density. However, when either the seed distribution or density differed from actual values, all three species had identical optima. The implications of these results for promoting coexistence are discussed.
9
Łakomska, Bogna. "Images of Animals in Neolithic Chinese Ceramic." ATHENS JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & ARTS 8, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajha.8-1-3.
Full textAbstract:
The images of animals or their (more or less) stylised motifs once depicted in the form of painting and sculpture, and nowadays through various media, have many stories to tell. Their ancient images point to the undeniably great role that animals played in human life. The rich material culture, as well as the written sources we have today, enables us to examine – both in physical and spiritual terms – the coexistence and co-creation of the worlds of people and animals in the region that we now call China. General animal research, especially within Europe, usually concerns spatial and physical differences; animals from ancient, medieval and early modern times are researched in the context of their utilitarian role, as well as their exoticism, discovering new species and deepening knowledge about those already known to man. Creating a picture of the animal images in Chinese Neolithic art, I hope to present various social and political practices that have influenced the acquisition of knowledge about animals, and thus to discover their role in human life. Chinese animal studies to date in pre-dynastic and dynastic eras regularly focus on animals as spiritual beings and sources of nutrition. It is worth looking at the significance of animals from a different angle – from the perspective of art, which can inform us about animals and people in the context of religion, magic, symbols, aesthetics and the spiritual life of both. My article focuses particularly on the decorative motifs appearing in ceramics of three Neolithic cultures: Yangshao 4000–3000 BC, Hemudu 5500-3300 BC and Longshan 2500-1900 BC.
10
Łakomska, Bogna. "Images of Animals in Neolithic Chinese Ceramic." ATHENS JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & ARTS 8, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajha.8-1-3.
Full textAbstract:
The images of animals or their (more or less) stylised motifs once depicted in the form of painting and sculpture, and nowadays through various media, have many stories to tell. Their ancient images point to the undeniably great role that animals played in human life. The rich material culture, as well as the written sources we have today, enables us to examine – both in physical and spiritual terms – the coexistence and co-creation of the worlds of people and animals in the region that we now call China. General animal research, especially within Europe, usually concerns spatial and physical differences; animals from ancient, medieval and early modern times are researched in the context of their utilitarian role, as well as their exoticism, discovering new species and deepening knowledge about those already known to man. Creating a picture of the animal images in Chinese Neolithic art, I hope to present various social and political practices that have influenced the acquisition of knowledge about animals, and thus to discover their role in human life. Chinese animal studies to date in pre-dynastic and dynastic eras regularly focus on animals as spiritual beings and sources of nutrition. It is worth looking at the significance of animals from a different angle – from the perspective of art, which can inform us about animals and people in the context of religion, magic, symbols, aesthetics and the spiritual life of both. My article focuses particularly on the decorative motifs appearing in ceramics of three Neolithic cultures: Yangshao 4000–3000 BC, Hemudu 5500-3300 BC and Longshan 2500-1900 BC.
11
Ku, Kuang-Yi. "The Tiger Penis Project." Screen Bodies 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/screen.2020.050209.
Full textAbstract:
Many cultures have their own systems of alternative medicine, the effectiveness of which cannot always be proven according to contemporary scientific analysis; the use of the tiger penis to increase virility in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one such practice. While TCM may offer benefits beyond those available through mainstream western medicines, the huge demand for wild animals in TCM poses a threat to endangered species. Can a new interpretation of TCM resolve the conflict between health, culture, and environmental conservation? The Tiger Penis Project proposes the use of emerging biotechnologies to create artificial animal parts for Chinese medical applications both to prevent the further destruction of animals and traditional cultures and to provide more possibilities for the coexistence of human society and the natural environment.
12
Kulus, Magdalena, Małgorzata Józkowiak, Dorota Bukowska, Jakub Kulus, and Paweł Antosik. "Coexistence of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and a pseudocyst in cat." Medical Journal of Cell Biology 7, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acb-2019-0004.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractExocrine pancreatic tumors in cats and dogs are very uncommon, with exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinoma described as a particularly rare, malignant tumor in a small animals. It is usually derived from pancreatic ducts, as well as glandular tissue. Very often the disease has a subclinical course and is diagnosed only during post – mortem examination. Adenocarcinoma metastasize to both the surrounding and distant organs. The etiology of the cancer progress in the pancreas remains unknown.Pancreatic pseudocyst (pseudocystis pancreatis) is a very rare disease in domestic animals. Only a few cases of pancreatic pseudocyst in dogs and cats are described in the available literature. On the other hand, in humans it is a common complication of pancreatitis. The pancreatic pseudocyst can be a result of pancreatitis, as well as be a secondary condition to acute pancreatitis, trauma or chronic inflammation. It is a capsule made of fibrous or granulation tissue, containing sterile pancreatic juice. The pathogenesis of pancreatic pseudocyst is still unknown. Clinical signs are not specific and may resemble symptoms of pancreatitis. The ultrasound examination shows a cyst in the pancreas.This paper describes the case of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in a cat that occurred simultaneously with the pancreatic pseudocyst. Currently, literature indicates the necessity to differentiate the above cancer from cystic lesion. Due to the simultaneous occurrence of both pathologies, extremely rare diagnosis and spectacular picture of changes, it was decided to present this case.
13
Karanikola, Paraskevi, Evangelos Manolas, Stilianos Tampakis, and Thomas Panagopoulos. "The Coexistence of Humans and Companion Animals in the City Parks of Xanthi: The Views of the Citizens." Urban Studies Research 2012 (December 10, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/462025.
Full textAbstract:
Companion animals are very important to people of big cities. In Greece the families which own those animals take them for a walk in the parks and streets of their town but not always with care to not disturb other citizens. Laws and regulations for companion and stray animals are not respected in Greece, although as a result of the Athens Olympics in 2004 the Greek government started to provide funds for the collection, care, and sterilization of stray animals. This paper is a first attempt to record, through the aid of a structured questionnaire, the view of the citizens of the city of Xanthi in northern Greece regarding companion animals and what they do when animals become old. The paper also examines the extent to which the existence of stray and companion animals in parks disturbs the people who visit green areas looking for a place to get a rest or play on the grass. The majority preferred that stray animals are collected off the streets, recorded, treated from parasites, vaccinated, and sterilized and after that are available for adoption or are returned to the area they were found at.
14
Lamb, Clayton T., Adam T. Ford, Bruce N. McLellan, Michael F. Proctor, Garth Mowat, Lana Ciarniello, Scott E. Nielsen, and Stan Boutin. "The ecology of human–carnivore coexistence." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 30 (July 6, 2020): 17876–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1922097117.
Full textAbstract:
With a shrinking supply of wilderness and growing recognition that top predators can have a profound influence on ecosystems, the persistence of large carnivores in human-dominated landscapes has emerged as one of the greatest conservation challenges of our time. Carnivores fascinate society, yet these animals pose threats to people living near them, resulting in high rates of carnivore death near human settlements. We used 41 y of demographic data for more than 2,500 brown bears—one of the world’s most widely distributed and conflict-prone carnivores—to understand the behavioral and demographic mechanisms promoting carnivore coexistence in human-dominated landscapes. Bear mortality was high and unsustainable near people, but a human-induced shift to nocturnality facilitated lower risks of bear mortality and rates of conflict with people. Despite these behavioral shifts, projected population growth rates for bears in human-dominated areas revealed a source-sink dynamic. Despite some female bears successfully reproducing in the sink areas, bear persistence was reliant on a supply of immigrants from areas with minimal human influence (i.e., wilderness). Such mechanisms of coexistence reveal a striking paradox: Connectivity to wilderness areas supplies bears that likely will die from people, but these bears are essential to avert local extirpation. These insights suggest carnivores contribute to human–carnivore coexistence through behavioral and demographic mechanisms, and that connected wilderness is critical to sustain coexistence landscapes.
15
Дорофеева, Ирина Валентиновна, and Кира Львовна Розова. "ANTHROPOLOGICAL SPECIFICITY OF PHRASEOLOGICAL ZOONYMS WITH THE SEMANTICS OF «HUMAN APPEARANCE»." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Филология, no. 1(68) (April 9, 2021): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtfilol/2021.1.115.
Full textAbstract:
В статье анализируется парадигма образов человек - животное как устойчивое соотношение понятий, представляющих субъект сравнения, связанный с человеком, и объект, связанный с животным. Описываются причины для сравнения человека с животными в рамках данной парадигмы, а также фразеологические единицы, в которых используются образы животных и которые связаны с восприятием животных человеком. Отмечается, что человек всегда стремился соотносить себя с фауной планеты; это объясняется многовековой историей их сосуществования. а также древними тотемными верованиями, которые отражали тесную связь всего сущего на земле. Восприятие человеком животных находит также отражение в языковой картине мира каждого народа. The article analyzes the paradigm of human - animal images as a stable correlation of concepts representing the subject of comparison associated with a person and the object associated with an animal. The reasons for comparison with animals in the framework of this paradigm are described, as well as phraseological units that use images of animals and are related to the perception of animals by humans. It is noted that man has always sought to relate himself to the world of animals; this is due to the centuries-old history of their coexistence, as well as ancient totem beliefs that reflected the close connection of all living beings on Earth. The human perception of animals is also reflected in the linguistic picture of the world of each nation.
16
Hunold, Christian. "Urban Greening and Human-Wildlife Relations in Philadelphia: From Animal Control to Multispecies Coexistence?" Environmental Values 29, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096327119x15678473650901.
Full textAbstract:
City-scale urban greening is expanding wildlife habitat in previously less hospitable urban areas. Does this transformation also prompt a reckoning with the longstanding idea that cities are places intended to satisfy primarily human needs? I pose this question in the context of one of North America's most ambitious green infrastructure programmes to manage urban runoff: Philadelphia's Green City, Clean Waters. Given that the city's green infrastructure plans have little to say about wildlife, I investigate how wild animals fit into urban greening professionals' conceptions of the urban. I argue that practitioners relate to urban wildlife via three distinctive frames: 1) animal control, 2) public health and 3) biodiversity, and explore the implications of each for peaceful human-wildlife coexistence in 'greened' cities.
17
Serra-Medeiros, Samara, Zaida Ortega, Pamela Castro Antunes, Heitor Miraglia Herrera, and Luiz Gustavo Rodrigues Oliveira-Santos. "Space use and activity of capybaras in an urban area." Journal of Mammalogy 102, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 814–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyab005.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Due to the rapid growth of urban environments, interactions between animals and humans in cities are increasingly common. Large mammals, such as capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), provide benefits to people and biodiversity of urban areas, but can also result in conflicts, such as animal–vehicle collisions or disease transmission. As a consequence, understanding the space use of urban capybara, and the effect of human activity on capybaras, is conducive to the promotion of coexistence. We studied the home range and the role of human disturbance on activity and habitat selection of urban capybaras in the city of Campo Grande (Brazil). We monitored nine groups of capybaras living at four parks: two parks subjected to high human visitation on workdays and two on weekends. Home range of the urban capybaras in the study is larger than those reported in previous studies of wild capybaras. The capybaras under study presented a bimodal activity pattern, which was delayed on days of high human presence, increasing animals’ nocturnality. In addition, habitat selection was completely altered on days of high human presence, leading animals to increase avoidance of urban areas and reversing the selectivity patterns for forests, grasslands, and water bodies, that capybaras show on days with low human presence. Even when completely surrounded by an anthropic environment, our results indicate that a mosaic of grasslands near a water body and forested areas will allow capybaras to maintain daily activity and large home ranges. However, human presence significantly altered the daily activity patterns and habitat selection of capybara. Urban planners should account for these data to improve the coexistence of capybaras with humans and thereby minimize the potential for conflicts.
18
Haque, Nadeem, and Al-Hafiz Basheer Ahmad Masri. "The Principles of Animal Advocacy in Islam: Four Integrated Ecognitions." Society & Animals 19, no. 3 (2011): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853011x578938.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe Qurān—the scripture of the Muslims, which purports to be from the Creator of the Universe—presents a rational, holistic, and integrated view of life, where the human being is considered an integral, coexistential part of nature who has responsibilities as representative of the Creator on earth. This responsibility is both based on, and directed by, four principles/realizations called “ecognitions,” from which all animal rights can be formulated and through which a case for proactive animal advocacy can be advanced. It is argued that the Qurānic view, from which the four ecognitions are drawn, has the potential to enable the coexistence of human and nonhuman animals, in an optimally harmonious way, for the 21st century and beyond.
19
Kmecová, N., T. Weissová, and K. Vdoviaková. "Behaviour Problems of Cats Reared Individually or in Coexistence with other Animals (Cats, Dog)." Folia Veterinaria 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fv-2016-0039.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The aim of this study was to determine whether behaviour problems in indoor cats depend on the number of cats in a household or rearing one or more cats in a household together with a dog. The study was carried out on animals which were divided for the purpose of this study into 4 groups: (1) households with one cat; (2) households with two cats; (3) households with three or more cats; (4) households with one or more cats and a dog. Altogether 91 cats were included in the study. The practical part of this investigation was based on a questionnaire. It was observed that the probability of behaviour problems was not related unambiguously to the number of cats in a household or the company of a dog. The percentage of the occurrence of changed behaviour did not differ significantly between the groups.
20
Robin, Elisabeth, Margaux Coste, and Christelle Maurey. "Bilateral Pyelonephritis in a Cat with Multiple Urinary Malformations Including Ureteral Pseudodiverticulosis." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 55, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-6687.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Ureteral pseudodiverticulosis is an unusual acquired abnormality in humans and dogs. This report describes the first feline case of ureteral pseudodiverticulosis, associated with right retrocaval ureter and malposition of the uretero-vesical junctions, in the context of pyelonephritis. The coexistence of pseudodiverticulosis with other urinary abnormalities suggested that this lesion should be considered in other patients with urinary pathology.
21
Steinborn, Ralf, Pamela Schinogl, David N. Wells, Andreas Bergthaler, Mathias Müller, and Gottfried Brem. "Coexistence ofBos taurusandB. indicusMitochondrial DNAs in Nuclear Transfer-Derived Somatic Cattle Clones." Genetics 162, no. 2 (October 1, 2002): 823–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/162.2.823.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWe investigated the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) composition in one of the largest adult somatic mammalian clones (n = 20) reported so far. The healthy cloned cattle were derived from nuclear transfer of an identical nuclear genetic background (mural granulosa donor cells including surrounding cytoplasm) into enucleated oocytes with either Bos indicus or B. taurus mtDNA. Here we report the first cases of coexisting mtDNAs of two closely related subspecies following nuclear transfer. Heteroplasmy (0.6-2.8%) was found in 4 out of 11 cross-subspecies cloned cattle. Quantitation was performed using “amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) allele-specific real-time PCR.” We determined that the ratio of donor cell to recipient cytoplast mtDNA copy number was 0.9% before nuclear transfer. Therefore, we concluded that the percentage of donor cell mtDNA in the heteroplasmic intersubspecific cloned animals is in accordance with neutral transmission of donor mtDNA. We determined an amino acid sequence divergence of up to 1.3% for the two subspecies-specific mtDNA haplotypes. In addition, intrasubspecific B. indicus heteroplasmy of ∼1% (but up to 7.3 and 12.7% in muscle and follicular cells of one animal) was detected in 7 out of the 9 B. indicus intrasubspecific cloned cattle.
22
Ueda, Atsushi, Atsushi Kobayashi, Sayaka Tsuchida, Takuji Yamada, Koichi Murata, Hiroshi Nakamura, and Kazunari Ushida. "Cecal Microbiome Analyses on Wild Japanese Rock Ptarmigans (Lagopus muta japonica) Reveals High Level of Coexistence of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Lactate-Utilizing Bacteria." Microorganisms 6, no. 3 (July 28, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6030077.
Full textAbstract:
Preservation of indigenous gastrointestinal microbiota is critical for successful captive breeding of endangered wild animals, yet its biology is poorly understood. Here, we compared the cecal microbial composition of wild living Japanese rock ptarmigans (Lagopus muta japonica) in different locations of Japanese mountains, and the dominant cecal microbial structure of wild Japanese rock ptarmigans is elucidated. Coriobacteraceae and Lachnospraceae were the two dominant bacterial families in all samples analyzed. At the genus level, 10 genera Olsenella, Actinomyces, Megasphaera, Slackia, Cloacibacillus, Bifidobacterium,Escherichia,Dialister, Megamonas, and Bilophila were dominant. These results reveal the high level of coexistence of lactic acid bacteria (Olsenella and Bifidobacterium) and lactate-utilizing bacteria (Megasphaera). This coexistence should be taken into account for the successful breeding of captive Japanese rock ptarmigans in the national conservation program.
23
Segata, Jean, Luiza Beck, and Luísa Muccillo. "Beyond Exotic Wet Markets: COVID-19 Ecologies in the Global Meat-Processing Industry in Brazil." eTropic: electronic journal of studies in the Tropics 20, no. 1 (April 19, 2021): 94–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/etropic.20.1.2021.3794.
Full textAbstract:
In this article we argue that the overvaluation of exotic narratives about wild animal consumption and wet markets conceals how the global agribusiness establishes unhealthy ecologies. Increasing infection rates from the new coronavirus registered among meat industry workers, their families, and the community, resulted in the suspension of several establishments in this sector in Brazil. If the meat processing industry cannot be considered entirely safe, why are risks to health, morality, and civility often represented by the unregulated practices of wet markets considered exotic? This paper shows that the global meat processing industry weaves a myriad of intimate encounters between humans, animals, highly toxic chemicals, organic waste, and precarious work relationships. They are unhealthy ecologies where coexistence, infection, risk, and death are always involved. We suggest a multispecies approach to analyse and respond to the COVID-19 pandemic; instead of the exaltation of contagion and the boundaries of contention, there needs to be an effort to establish integrated policies for the health and joint care of humans, animals, and environments.
24
Stăncioiu, Petru Tudor, Ioan Dutcă, Marian Cristian Bălăcescu, and Ștefan Vasile Ungurean. "Coexistence with Bears in Romania: A Local Community Perspective." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 14, 2019): 7167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247167.
Full textAbstract:
In the modern context of the strict protection of large carnivores, the competition for resources between local community dwellers and these animals has become an important challenge for ensuring coexistence—the key for conservation success. To assess the perceptions of this intricate relationship, six local communities from Central Romania, located in areas with high-density brown bear (Ursus arctos L.) population and frequent conflicts, were investigated. A large proportion of the respondents (69%) showed various forms of intolerance (e.g., relocation, punishment, or killing) towards aggressive bears. However, the cognitive evaluation score derived from the level of interaction with bears showed a non-significant (p = 0.470) segregation by tolerance levels, suggesting that not only the tangible costs (direct damage) but rather the psychological costs of fear, danger, or risk are more important drivers of negative attitudes towards bears. Furthermore, the prevalent experienced emotions towards an inoffensive bear (fear, terror, and hate, which represent 73%) underline the general preference for living in “separate worlds”. This requires that bears should avoid humans and their settlements, a goal unlikely to be achieved under the current strict protection regime. Therefore, an alternative strategy that ensures mutual avoidance of the two players may be more appropriate for successful human–bear coexistence.
25
Bhatia, Saloni, Stephen Mark Redpath, Kulbhushansingh Suryawanshi, and Charudutt Mishra. "Beyond conflict: exploring the spectrum of human–wildlife interactions and their underlying mechanisms." Oryx 54, no. 5 (November 4, 2019): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003060531800159x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractHumans have lived alongside and interacted with wild animals throughout evolutionary history. Even though wild animals can damage property, or injure humans and domesticated animals, not all interactions between humans and wildlife are negative. Yet, research has tended to focus disproportionately on negative interactions leading to negative outcomes, labelling this human–wildlife conflict. Studies have identified several factors, ranging from gender, religion, socio-economics and literacy, which influence people's responses to wildlife. We used the ISI Web of Knowledge database to assess quantitatively how human–wildlife interactions are framed in the scientific literature and to understand the hypotheses that have been invoked to explain these. We found that the predominant focus of research was on human–wildlife conflict (71%), with little coverage of coexistence (2%) or neutral interactions (8%). We suggest that such a framing is problematic as it can lead to biases in conservation planning by failing to consider the nuances of people's relationships with wildlife and the opportunities that exist for conservation. We propose a typology of human responses to wildlife impacts, ranging from negative to positive, to help moderate the disproportionate focus on conflict. We suggest that standardizing terminology and considering interactions beyond those that are negative can lead to a more nuanced understanding of human–wildlife relations and help promote greater coexistence between people and wildlife. We also list the various influential factors that are reported to shape human–wildlife interactions and, to generate further hypotheses and research, classify them into 55 proximate (correlates) and five ultimate (mechanisms) factors.
26
Martin, Gary R., and Laurie E. Twigg. "Sensitivity to sodium fluoroacetate (1080) of native animals from north-western Australia." Wildlife Research 29, no. 1 (2002): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr00117.
Full textAbstract:
The sensitivity to sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) of 9 species of native animals from north-western Australia was assessed using the increasing dose procedure to determine the Approximate Lethal Dose for each species. Granivorous birds from this region (e.g. ducks, corellas) were generally more sensitive to 1080 than their counterparts from southern Australia, and would be theoretically at risk from primary poisoning during 1080 grainbased baiting programs. However, the tolerance to 1080 of birds of prey from these areas is sufficient that these species face little risk of secondary poisoning during pest-control programs aimed at rodents or rabbits. The risk of primary poisoning to raptors from meat baits containing 6 mg 1080 per bait or less also appears to be low. The coexistence of brown falcons and barn owls with fluoroacetate-bearing vegetation over parts of their range has probably contributed to their development of tolerance to fluoroacetate.
27
Spidle, Adrian P., Edward L. Mills, and Bernie May. "Absence of naturally occurring hybridization between the quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis) and the zebra mussel (D. polymorpha) in the lower Great Lakes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-044.
Full textAbstract:
The coexistence of two dreissenids, the quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis) and the zebra mussel (D. polymorpha), in a new environment raises the possibility of natural hybridization and possible introgression. Animals of both species were collected in areas where they occur sympatrically (25–39% were quagga mussels) and screened at two protein-coding loci believed to differentiate between the two species. The occurrence of alleles diagnostic for both species in an individual would demonstrate hybridization between the species. No hybrid individuals were observed in a survey of 750 animals from four sites in Lake Ontario and one site in Lake Erie. Successful hybridization between these two genetically disparate species seems unlikely in the Great Lakes.
28
Li, Zhaocai, Ping Liu, Xiaoan Cao, Zhongzi Lou, Kinga Zaręba-Marchewka, Monika Szymańska-Czerwińska, Krzysztof Niemczuk, Bo Hu, Xue Bai, and Jizhang Zhou. "First Report of Chlamydia abortus in Farmed Fur Animals." BioMed Research International 2018 (November 26, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4289648.
Full textAbstract:
Chlamydia (C.) abortus, a globally distributed obligate intracellular bacterium, has attracted increasing interest according to its veterinary importance and zoonotic nature. C. abortus can infect a variety of animals and cause foetal loss in livestock resulting in economic loss. In this study, the samples collected from two farms of foxes (n=20), raccoon dogs (n=15) and minks (n=20), were investigated by Chlamydiaceae- and Chlamydia species-specific real-time PCR. The results showed that all the tested foxes (20/20) and raccoon dogs (15/15) harbored Chlamydia spp., while 5% of minks (1/20) were positive for Chlamydia spp. C. abortus was identified in all positive samples as the dominant Chlamydia species, with C. pecorum DNA coexistence in some of the rectal samples (7/20) taken from foxes. Phylogenetic analysis based on specific gene fragments of 16S rRNA, IGS-23S rRNA, and ompA revealed that all sequences obtained in this study were assigned to the Chlamydiaceae family with high similarity to C. abortus S26/3 and B577 previously identified in ruminants. This is the first report confirming that farmed foxes, raccoon dogs, and minks carry C. abortus. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the epidemiology and pathogenicity of this pathogen in farmed fur animals as well as the potential risks to public health.
29
Zdyb, Marian. "The Legal Protection of Wild Animals in the Context of Contemporary Challenges with Particular Emphasis on Global Conditions: Selected Issues." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 30, no. 3 (September 16, 2021): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2021.30.3.249-264.
Full textAbstract:
The article is of a research nature and has been prepared using methods appropriate for this type of publication. Obviously, the formal-dogmatic or legal-comparative method is important in this respect. However, the observation of the actual state related to the implementation of the protection in question is also not without significance. Such an approach is reflected in the adopted aim and formulated research theses. The subject matter of the article is very important from the point of view of the protection of the environment and natural resources, of which the animal world is an important element. The publication concerns issues of international importance and is undoubtedly original in character, which makes it valuable not only for scholarship but also for practice. The protection of animals is connected with saving the environment and the order in which humans live. Therefore, humanitarian and ethical considerations – reflected in legal scholarship and in normative acts – should also be taken into account. This is expressed in Article 1 (1) of the Polish Act of 21 August 1997 on the protection of animals (consolidated text, Journal of Laws 2020, item 638), which states that: “An animal as a living being capable of suffering, is not a thing. Humans owe him respect, protection and care”. Such an obligation in Poland also results from the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. Undoubtedly, a very important element in the protection of animals is the development of an appropriate system of national law and international law. Their coexistence is a guarantee of effective legal protection of animals, especially those threatened with extinction. For an optimal model of law in the field of animal protection to be formed, it is important to shape an effective system of authorities, services and institutions equipped with rational instruments for action. Effective supranational cooperation seems essential to optimise activities to save animals threatened with extinction.
30
Hunold, Christian. "Green Infrastructure and Urban Wildlife." Humanimalia 11, no. 1 (September 12, 2019): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.52537/humanimalia.9479.
Full textAbstract:
As a result of urban greening initiatives, urban ecologies have become surprisingly hospitable to wildlife. Such initiatives, however, seldom actively imagine the city as wildlife habitat, nor are they particularly intentional about its design. Even so, wild animals have taken advantage of these friendly spaces. Yet the legitimacy of their presence in urban settings often remains precarious. Insofar as green infrastructure development is responsible for the proliferation of wildlife, it calls for a reckoning with the question of whether cities that are teeming with wildlife are also cities for wildlife; and, to the extent they are not, for theorizing forms of human-wildlife coexistence that can better accommodate this abundance. To this end, I examine how practices of cultural engagement with wild animals that seek to visualize their lives as fellow city dwellers might help cultivate imaginaries of city life as more inclusive of wild animals.
31
Lv, Dongyue, Ran Duan, Rong Fan, Hui Mu, Junrong Liang, Meng Xiao, Zhaokai He, et al. "blaNDM and mcr-1 to mcr-5 Gene Distribution Characteristics in Gut Specimens from Different Regions of China." Antibiotics 10, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10030233.
Full textAbstract:
Antibiotic resistance has become a global public health concern. To determine the distribution characteristics of mcr and blaNDM in China, gene screening was conducted directly from gut specimens sourced from livestock and poultry, poultry environments, human diarrhea patients, and wild animals from 10 regions, between 2010–2020. The positive rate was 5.09% (356/6991) for mcr and 0.41% (29/6991) for blaNDM, as detected in gut specimens from seven regions, throughout 2010 to 2019, but not detected in 2020. The detection rate of mcr showed significant differences among various sources: livestock and poultry (14.81%) > diarrhea patients (1.43%) > wild animals (0.36%). The detection rate of blaNDM was also higher in livestock and poultry (0.88%) than in diarrhea patients (0.17%), and this was undetected in wildlife. This is consistent with the relatively high detection rate of multiple mcr genotypes in livestock and poultry. All instances of coexistence of the mcr-1 and blaNDM genes, as well as coexistence of mcr genotypes within single specimens, and most new mcr subtypes came from livestock, and poultry environments. Our study indicates that the emergence of mcr and blaNDM genes in China is closely related to the selective pressure of carbapenem and polymyxin. The gene-based strategy is proposed to identify more resistance genes of concern, possibly providing guidance for the prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance dissemination.
32
Wiafe, E. D. "Primates crop raiding situation on farmlands adjacent to South-West of Mole National Park, Ghana." Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science 54, no. 2 (December 20, 2019): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjas.v54i2.6.
Full textAbstract:
Human activities have led to the overlapping of resource requirements among themselves and animal species and this often results in conflict. This research was conducted to determine the type of animal species involved in crop raiding, crops raided, the reasons for crop raiding events with its associated effects on the livelihoods of surrounding communities and the mitigation measures against it. 10 victims from eight communities were interviewed through a semi-structured guide. Though many animals were involved, the most troublesome and destructive were the following monkey species: Olive baboons (Papio anubis); Patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas); and Green monkeys (Cercocerbus sabaeus). These monkeys raiding events were found to be based on the palatability of crops and the most adopted methods used in deterring them were shouting and trapping. Monkeys were found to raid crops at the various farms in the communities for diverse reasons and recommendations for peaceful coexistence of humans have been made.
33
Yusa, Yoichi, Mai Yoshikawa, Jun Kitaura, Masako Kawane, Yuki Ozaki, Shigeyuki Yamato, and Jens T. Høeg. "Adaptive evolution of sexual systems in pedunculate barnacles." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1730 (August 31, 2011): 959–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.1554.
Full textAbstract:
How and why diverse sexual systems evolve are fascinating evolutionary questions, but few empirical studies have dealt with these questions in animals. Pedunculate (gooseneck) barnacles show such diversity, including simultaneous hermaphroditism, coexistence of dwarf males and hermaphrodites (androdioecy), and coexistence of dwarf males and females (dioecy). Here, we report the first phylogenetically controlled test of the hypothesis that the ultimate cause of the diverse sexual systems and presence of dwarf males in this group is limited mating opportunities for non-dwarf individuals, owing to mating in small groups. Within the pedunculate barnacle phylogeny, dwarf males and females have evolved repeatedly. Females are more likely to evolve in androdioecious than hermaphroditic populations, suggesting that evolution of dwarf males has preceded that of females in pedunculates. Both dwarf males and females are associated with a higher proportion of solitary individuals in the population, corroborating the hypothesis that limited mating opportunities have favoured evolution of these diverse sexual systems, which have puzzled biologists since Darwin.
34
Levy, Shiri, and Gadi Schuster. "Polyadenylation and degradation of RNA in the mitochondria." Biochemical Society Transactions 44, no. 5 (October 15, 2016): 1475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20160126.
Full textAbstract:
Mitochondria have their own gene expression machinery and the relative abundance of RNA products in these organelles in animals is mostly dictated by their rate of degradation. The molecular mechanisms regulating the differential accumulation of the transcripts in this organelle remain largely elusive. Here, we summarize the present knowledge of how RNA is degraded in human mitochondria and describe the coexistence of stable poly(A) tails and the nonabundant tails, which have been suggested to play a role in the RNA degradation process.
35
Cuyler, Christine. "Caribou recovery and coexistence with introduced feral reindeer on the Nuussuaq Peninsula (70-71°N), West Greenland." Rangifer 25, no. 4 (May 1, 2005): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.25.4.1778.
Full textAbstract:
The small native caribou population (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) of Nuussuaq Peninsula was supplemented in 1968 with 10 semi-domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). Hunting was prohibited in the early 1990s, but resumed with a quota of 100 animals in 1996 after the population was estimated to be around 400. Despite local criticism that herd size had increased, managers kept the estimate unchanged and permitted similar quotas for the next 5 years. To ascertain current status of the population, a late winter ground survey for minimum count, recruitment and distribution was done in April 2002 employing local hunters. Data collected included group size, location and animal sex/age. Only two age classes were used; calf (<1 year) and "adult" (>1 year). The 2002 ground survey observed 1164 individuals and a calf percentage of approximately 30%. The bull to cow ratio was 0.32. This data did not allow a calculation of population size, because areas where maximum animal numbers were expected were preferentially sampled. Spatial segregation of these two subspecies is suggested, given the observed and unexpected dissimilar behavior, pheno-type and spatial distribution. If true, then by 2002 feral reindeer had established a successful population, while native caribou had recovered to number several hundred. Genetic sampling is necessary to examine this hypothesis. At current late winter recruitment rates animal density could increase rapidly making both range expansion and genetic mixing likely in future. Since the total non-ice covered area available is about 6000 km2, greater caribou/reindeer densities may not be compatible with sustainable range use. Harvest quotas were increased in 2002 and 2003, and may reduce densities and preserve caribou range for the future.
36
Castilla Gómez de Agüero, Verónica, Joshua Luka, Javier Gandasegui, Elora Valderas-García, Olorugum Joseph Ajanusi, Ngozi Pauline Chiezey, and María Martínez-Valladares. "Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica coexistence in domestic ruminants in Nigeria: application of a PCR-based tool." Tropical Animal Health and Production 52, no. 6 (June 25, 2020): 3893–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02333-3.
Full text
37
Broom, D. M., F. A. Galindo, and E. Murgueitio. "Sustainable, efficient livestock production with high biodiversity and good welfare for animals." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1771 (November 22, 2013): 20132025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2025.
Full textAbstract:
What is the future for livestock agriculture in the world? Consumers have concerns about sustainability but many widely used livestock production methods do not satisfy consumers' requirements for a sustainable system. However, production can be sustainable, occurring in environments that: supply the needs of the animals resulting in good welfare, allow coexistence with a wide diversity of organisms native to the area, minimize carbon footprint and provide a fair lifestyle for the people working there. Conservation need not just involve tiny islands of natural vegetation in a barren world of agriculture, as there can be great increases in biodiversity in farmed areas. Herbivores, especially ruminants that consume materials inedible by humans, are important for human food in the future. However, their diet should not be just ground-level plants. Silvopastoral systems, pastures with shrubs and trees as well as herbage, are described which are normally more productive than pasture alone. When compared with widely used livestock production systems, silvopastoral systems can provide efficient feed conversion, higher biodiversity, enhanced connectivity between habitat patches and better animal welfare, so they can replace existing systems in many parts of the world and should be further developed.
38
Weir, Caroline R., Colin D. Macleod, and Susannah V. Calderan. "Fine-scale habitat selection by white-beaked and common dolphins in the Minch (Scotland, UK): evidence for interspecific competition or coexistence?" Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89, no. 5 (July 21, 2009): 951–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408003287.
Full textAbstract:
A decline in white-beaked dolphins Lagenorhynchus albirostris had been reported in the Minch (Scotland, UK) since the 1990s, coinciding with an increasing occurrence of short-beaked common dolphins Delphinus delphis. This has led to suggestions that rising seawater temperatures are causing D. delphis to out-compete and exclude L. albirostris in this region. A total of 793 km (66.3 hours) of survey data were collected in the Minch during August 2007, to examine fine-scale habitat selection by L. albirostris and D. delphis and investigate whether their ecological overlap is sufficient to result in interspecific competition and/or habitat partitioning. Ten sightings of L. albirostris (70 animals) were recorded in a relatively small spatial area in the northern Minch. In contrast, the eleven sightings of D. delphis (1486 animals) were more widely distributed. The relative abundance per 1/4 ICES rectangle ranged from 0.41 to 0.53 animals/km for L. albirostris and 0.13 to 6.68 animals/km for D. delphis. The mean group size and group body mass were higher for D. delphis than for L. albirostris indicating D. delphis as the dominant delphinid in the Minch during August. Lagenorhynchus albirostris occurred in waters significantly deeper and further from shore than D. delphis, suggesting interspecific differences in preferred habitat. Most dolphin schools were recorded as foraging/feeding. Behaviour and seabird associations indicated that the two species differed in diet and/or foraging strategy, with L. albirostris foraging sub-surface and D. delphis exhibiting surface-feeding with associated gannets Morus bassanus. This is consistent with published information on the stomach contents of Scottish animals. The results suggest that there are subtle differences in habitat selection and diet between these two species, which may enable L. albirostris and D. delphis to coexist in the Minch. Whether these differences result from niche partitioning arising from previous/ongoing interspecific competition or are the result of genuine differences in the habitat preferences of each species, remains unclear.
39
Palagi, Elisabetta, Giada Cordoni, Elisa Demuru, and Marc Bekoff. "Fair play and its connection with social tolerance, reciprocity and the ethology of peace." Behaviour 153, no. 9-11 (2016): 1195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003336.
Full textAbstract:
The concept of peace, with its corollary of behaviours, strategies and social implications, is commonly believed as a uniquely human feature. Through a comparative approach, we show how social play in animals may have paved the way for the emergence of peace. By playing fairly, human and nonhuman animals learn to manage their social dynamics in a more relaxed and tolerant way that results in a more effective management of conflicts. We show that play promotes tolerance, cooperation, fairness and reciprocity, which are essential elements of the so-called positive peace. This kind of peace is reached through an evolving process in which individuals continually modify social relationships to attain peaceful coexistence. In conclusion, we assume that the concept of peace has deep biological roots that constitute the basis for more sophisticated cultural constructions.
40
Gaynor, Kaitlyn M., Cheryl E. Hojnowski, Neil H. Carter, and Justin S. Brashares. "The influence of human disturbance on wildlife nocturnality." Science 360, no. 6394 (June 14, 2018): 1232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aar7121.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid expansion of human activity has driven well-documented shifts in the spatial distribution of wildlife, but the cumulative effect of human disturbance on the temporal dynamics of animals has not been quantified. We examined anthropogenic effects on mammal diel activity patterns, conducting a meta-analysis of 76 studies of 62 species from six continents. Our global study revealed a strong effect of humans on daily patterns of wildlife activity. Animals increased their nocturnality by an average factor of 1.36 in response to human disturbance. This finding was consistent across continents, habitats, taxa, and human activities. As the global human footprint expands, temporal avoidance of humans may facilitate human-wildlife coexistence. However, such responses can result in marked shifts away from natural patterns of activity, with consequences for fitness, population persistence, community interactions, and evolution.
41
Watanabe, Satoshi. "LIFE WITH THE YAMABIRU (LAND-DWELLING LEECH) AFTER THE FAILURE OF A FENCE IN RURAL JAPAN." Journal of Asian Rural Studies 2, no. 2 (July 9, 2018): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v2i2.1398.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, Haemadipsa zeylanica japonica, a land-dwelling leech referred to as a “yamabiru” in Japanese, has proliferated in the countryside of Japan, because wild animals are a vector of the yamabiru. In some areas, the yamabiru suck the blood of people even in houses. This paper explores how residents living in a yamabiru “hot spot,” where the number of yamabiru is large, have coexisted with the creature which, though troublesome, is almost impossible to avoid. Z City in Kanagawa Prefecture attempted to maintain a long fence to prevent wild animals from entering the “human domain,” although this did not work as expected. Instead, the daily contact between people and the yamabiru generated various relationships other than a simple, hostile relationship: kill-or-be-killed. The trouble caused by the yamabiru encourages the interviewees to rethink their society and history, though coexistence with the yamabiru can never do away with the dream of extermination. Coexistence with yamabiru, in this context, means not living separately, but living with trouble in the contact zone, without making clear-cut borders between human and non-human domains. This paper attempts to demonstrate that people can make efforts to create various relationships even with “real,” not metaphorical, parasites. Insights from this research may bring to light new information that will be of value to contemporary society, where numerous borders that divide people and social groups are being drawn.
42
Arraut, Eduardo M., Sean W. Walls, David W. Macdonald, and Robert E. Kenward. "Anticipation of common buzzard population patterns in the changing UK landscape." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1952 (June 9, 2021): 20210993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0993.
Full textAbstract:
Harmonious coexistence between humans, other animals and ecosystem services they support is a complex issue, typically impacted by landscape change, which affects animal distribution and abundance. In the last 30 years, afforestation on grasslands across Great Britain has been increasing, motivated by socio-economic reasons and climate change mitigation. Beyond expected benefits, an obvious question is what are the consequences for wider biodiversity of this scale of landscape change. Here, we explore the impact of such change on the expanding population of common buzzards Buteo buteo , a raptor with a history of human-induced setbacks. Using Resource-Area-Dependence Analysis (RADA), with which we estimated individuals' resource needs using 10-day radio-tracking sessions and the 1990s Land Cover Map of GB, and agent-based modelling, we predict that buzzards in our study area in lowland UK had fully recovered (to 2.2 ind km −2 ) by 1995. We also anticipate that the conversion of 30%, 60% and 90% of economically viable meadow into woodland would reduce buzzard abundance nonlinearly by 15%, 38% and 74%, respectively. The same approach used here could allow for cost-effective anticipation of other animals' population patterns in changing landscapes, thus helping to harmonize economy, landscape change and biodiversity.
43
Toju, Hirokazu, Paulo R. Guimarães, Jens M. Olesen, and John N. Thompson. "Below-ground plant–fungus network topology is not congruent with above-ground plant–animal network topology." Science Advances 1, no. 9 (October 2015): e1500291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500291.
Full textAbstract:
In nature, plants and their pollinating and/or seed-dispersing animals form complex interaction networks. The commonly observed pattern of links between specialists and generalists in these networks has been predicted to promote species coexistence. Plants also build highly species-rich mutualistic networks below ground with root-associated fungi, and the structure of these plant–fungus networks may also affect terrestrial community processes. By compiling high-throughput DNA sequencing data sets of the symbiosis of plants and their root-associated fungi from three localities along a latitudinal gradient, we uncovered the entire network architecture of these interactions under contrasting environmental conditions. Each network included more than 30 plant species and hundreds of mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi belonging to diverse phylogenetic groups. The results were consistent with the notion that processes shaping host-plant specialization of fungal species generate a unique linkage pattern that strongly contrasts with the pattern of above-ground plant–partner networks. Specifically, plant–fungus networks lacked a “nested” architecture, which has been considered to promote species coexistence in plant–partner networks. Rather, the below-ground networks had a conspicuous “antinested” topology. Our findings lead to the working hypothesis that terrestrial plant community dynamics are likely determined by the balance between above-ground and below-ground webs of interspecific interactions.
44
Preedy, Katharine F., Pietà G. Schofield, Mark A. J. Chaplain, and Stephen F. Hubbard. "Disease induced dynamics in host–parasitoid systems: chaos and coexistence." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 4, no. 14 (November 28, 2006): 463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2006.0184.
Full textAbstract:
All animals and plants are, to some extent, susceptible to disease caused by varying combinations of parasites, viruses and bacteria. In this paper, we present a mathematical model of interactions between a host, two parasitoids and a pathogen which shows that the presence of an infection can preserve and promote diversity in such multi-species systems. Initially, we use a system of ordinary differential equations to investigate interactions between two species of parasitoids, a host and a host infection. We show that the presence of all four species is necessary for the system as a whole to persist, and that in particular, the presence of the pathogen is necessary for the coexistence of the two parasitoid species. The inclusion of infection induces a wide range of dynamics, including chaos, and these dynamics are robust for a wide range of parameter values. We then extend the model to include spatial effects by introducing random motility (diffusion) of all three species and examine the subsequent spatio-temporal dynamics, including travelling waves and other more complicated heterogeneous behaviour. The computational simulation results of the model suggest that infection in the hosts can blunt the effects of competition between parasitoids, allowing the weaker competitor to survive. Regardless of the nature of the stability of the coexistent steady state of the system, there is an initial period of transient dynamics, the length of which can be extended by an appropriate choice of initial conditions. The existence of these transient dynamics suggests that systems subject to regular restoration to a starting state, such as agro-ecosystems, may be kept in a continual state of dynamic transience, and this has implications for the use of natural enemies to control insect pests, the preservation of biodiversity in farmland habitats and the more general dynamics of disease processes.
45
Bauer, Susanne, Nils Güttler, and Martina Schlünder. "Encounters in Borderlands." Environmental Humanities 11, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 247–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/22011919-7754445.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Focusing on a global hub of aviation, Frankfurt Airport, this essay examines encounters between animals and technology in airport operation. In order to understand how airport practices constantly negotiate the borders with local environments or even produce new ones, we draw on Gloria Anzaldúa’s concept of “borderlands.” Extending this notion from human to nonhuman inhabitants and passengers of airports opens up for novel possibilities to apprehend the affective dimension in the life-technology intersections at airports. In this sense, the airport is a site of multiple borderlands, producing intersections that include material and imaginative, sometimes violent, boundary drawing. We examine a broad set of multispecies borders and “borderlining” practices, their material cultures, and affective economies. What kind of local, historical legacies do airports struggle with and how do they cope with the underlying tensions of partially connected sites, sectors, and spaces? Throughout the essay, we historicize three encounters of the aviation infrastructure and its living environments and their affective economies: borderlining the airfield, borderlining the animal passenger, and borderlining the animal intruder. These examples highlight different modes of encounters, like clashes, coexistence, and care.
46
Paso Rodríguez, Cayetana. "Homines et canes: el vínculo entre el ser humano y el perro en la obra de Marcial y Juvenal." Epos : Revista de filología, no. 28 (January 1, 2012): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/epos.28.2012.12261.
Full textAbstract:
Utilizando como fuente de estudio los epigramas de Marcial y las sátiras de Juvenal, se considera el vínculo existente entre el hombre y el perro en la Roma de emperador Domiciano, mediante el análisis de los diferentes aspectos de convivencia que el ser humano establecía con este animal. Finalmente, se llega a una reflexión sobre la calidad de vida de estos animales en su coexistencia con el hombre de aquellos días.Based on the epigrams of Martial and the satires of Juvenal, it is considered the relationship between man and dog in Rome under the rule of the Emperor Domitian, through the analysis of the different aspects of the coexistence which human beings maintained with this animal. Resulting in a reflection on the quality of life that these animal had in their coexistence with man in those days.
47
Capellà Miternique, Hugo, and Florence Gaunet. "Coexistence of Diversified Dog Socialities and Territorialities in the City of Concepción, Chile." Animals 10, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10020298.
Full textAbstract:
There has been scant research on the presence of stray dogs in cities. Studying their very considerable presence in Concepción (Chile) provided a unique opportunity to learn more about the different patterns of sociality and territoriality exhibited by the dog species. Via a set of case studies, we examined the behavior of urban dogs, adopting an ethnographic methodology. This yielded findings of the dogs’ cognitive, social and spatial adjustment abilities, i.e., their territorialities. Our hypothesis was validated: We found numerous types of sociability, we confirmed the presence of two previously established categories: family dogs (pets, guard dogs and beggars’ dogs) and stray dogs (dogs almost entirely unused to humans, aggressive dogs at the far end of the campus and feral dogs in the woods). We also identified three new ones: familiar stray dogs in packs (dogs both spatially and socially close to humans), pet-stray dogs (i.e., village dogs interacting closely with people) and free-roaming pet dogs. We conclude that an ongoing two-way bond between humans and animals allowed these dogs to became part of a city’s urban identity and explains the stray dogs’ plasticity in terms of adapting to the diversified urban habitat. We postulate that it was the human culture and range of urban areas in Concepción that gave rise to this unique diversity of sociospatial positioning and level of adjustment (e.g., dogs crossing crosswalks).
48
James, Sarah E., and Robert T. M'Closkey. "Patterns of microhabitat use in a sympatric lizard assemblage." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 12 (December 1, 2002): 2226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-212.
Full textAbstract:
The distribution of animals among habitats and microhabitats has frequently been used to examine patterns of niche overlap. We characterized microhabitat differences within an assemblage of four phrynosomatine lizard species (Sceloporus graciosus, Sceloporus undulatus, Urosaurus ornatus, and Uta stansburiana) that are commonly syntopic in the pinyon pine juniper woodland habitat on the elevated mesas of western Colorado. We censused lizard populations and recorded microhabitat characteristics of areas surrounding capture sites within Colorado National Monument, U.S.A. Discriminant function analysis of microhabitat features extracted two significant roots, explaining 89% of the microhabitat variation observed among species. Planned comparisons of canonical scores revealed two significant microhabitat niche differences. First, the microhabitat niche of U. ornatus was distinguished from those of all the other species by higher perch height and more vertical substrate, indicating this species' arboreality. Second, the microhabitat niche of S. graciosus was distinguished from those of the other species by having more flatland and less rock, indicating the use of more open flat sandy areas within the pinyon pine juniper woodland by this terrestrial species. Although the observed differences in microhabitat may influence the coexistence of these ecologically similar species, changes in relative abundance of the species over time suggest alternative mechanisms of coexistence.
49
Peixoto, Paulo Vargas, Ticiana do Nascimento França, Claudio S. L. Barros, and Carlos Hubinger Tokarnia. "Histopathological aspects of Bovine Enzootic Hematuria in Brazil." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 23, no. 2 (June 2003): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2003000200004.
Full textAbstract:
The bladder lesions of 59 cattle, from the States of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná and Amazon, affected by Bovine Enzootic Haematuria (BEH), were studied histologically. The objective of this study was to describe and reclassify neoplastic and non-neoplastic alterations not yet reported, according to the more complete current nomenclature used in human medicine. There was an almost complete identity with alterations observed in the bladder of man. Due to the occurrence of two or more neoplasms in the same animal, differences in the methodology and in the concept of classification, a more precise comparison was not possible. Coexistence of different types of epithelial and/or mesenchymal tumour growth was frequently seen. Rare neoplasms or differentiations not previously described were found in the bladder of some animals affected by BEH. These were trabecular carcinoma with Paneth cells differentiation, mesonephroid adenoma, mesonephroid adenocarcinoma, "signet ring" cell carcinoma, plasmocytoid carcinoma, chromophobe cell carcinoma and nested type of transitional cell carcinoma. Haemangiosarcomas originating from haemangiomas were also observed. This study also revealed the occurrence of many tumors with anaplasia and pronounced infiltrative features, but which did not metastasize. The elucidation of the cause of this "barrier against metastases" and its relationship with chemical carcinogenesis induced by the ptaquiloside, the active principle of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum), could be of interest to future research on the control ofneoplasia in man and animals.
50
Tan, Li Peng, Ruhil Hayati Hamdan, Basripuzi Nurul Hayyan Hassan, Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan, Ibrahim Abdul-Azeez Okene, Shih Keng Loong, Jing Jing Khoo, Ahmad Syazwan Samsuddin, and Seng Hua Lee. "Rhipicephalus Tick: A Contextual Review for Southeast Asia." Pathogens 10, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070821.
Full textAbstract:
Rhipicephalus species are distributed globally with a notifiable presence in Southeast Asia (SEA) within animal and human populations. The Rhipicephalus species are highly adaptive and have established successful coexistence within human dwellings and are known to be active all year round, predominantly in tropical and subtropical climates existing in SEA. In this review, the morphological characteristics, epidemiology, and epizootiology of Rhipicephalus tick species found in SEA are reviewed. There are six commonly reported Rhipicephalus ticks in the SEA region. Their interactions with their host species that range from cattle, sheep, and goats, through cats and dogs, to rodents and man are discussed in this article. Rhipicephalus-borne pathogens, including Anaplasma species, Ehrlichia species, Babesia species, and Theileria species, have been highlighted as are relevant to the region in review. Pathogens transmitted from Rhipicepahalus ticks to host animals are usually presented clinically with signs of anemia, jaundice, and other signs of hemolytic changes. Rhipicephalus ticks infestation also account for ectoparasitic nuisance in man and animals. These issues are discussed with specific interest to the SEA countries highlighting peculiarities of the region in the epidemiology of Rhipicephalus species and attendant pathogens therein. This paper also discusses the current general control strategies for ticks in SEA proffering measures required for increased documentation. The potential risks associated with rampant and improper acaricide use are highlighted. Furthermore, such practices lead to acaricide resistance among Rhipicephalus species are highlighted.