Journal articles: 'Coffee systems'

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Saath, Reni, Fernando Broetto, Marco Antônio Martin Biaggioni, Flávio Meira Borém, Sttela Dellyzete Veiga Franco da Rosa, and José Henrique da Silva Taveira. "Activity of some isoenzymatic systems in stored coffee grains." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 38, no. 1 (February 2014): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542014000100002.

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Considering the worldwide consumption of coffee, it is natural that throughout the history many people have dedicated the research to markers that contribute somehow on gauging its quality. This research aimed to evaluate the biochemical performance of arabica coffee during storage. Coffee in beans (natural) and in parchment (pulped) dried in concrete terrace and in dryer with heated air were packed in jute bags and stored in not controlled environmental conditions. Enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, esterase and lipoxygenase in coffee grains were evaluated at zero, three, six, nine and twelve months by means of electrophoresis. Independently of the drying method, the activity of isoenzymatic complexes highlighted deteriorative processes in stored grains of coffee. The treatments 60/40º C and 60º C used to reduce the water content imposed a greater stress condition, accelerated metabolism of natural coffee in the storage with decreased activity of defense mechanisms due to latent damage in these grains. Natural coffees are more sensible to high drying temperatures and its quality reduces faster than pulped coffee in the storage.

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Colmenares P., Carlos Hernando, Amanda Silva P., and Ángela María Mogollón O. "Impacts of different coffee systems on soil microbial populations at different altitudes in Villavicencio (Colombia)." Agronomía Colombiana 34, no. 2 (May 1, 2016): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v34n2.55420.

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Coffee in Colombia has favorable characteristics for agroforestry practices; farmers traditionally grow coffee under various types of organic coffee systems, mainly dominated by associated systems coffee with shade leguminous tree species, making it one of the essential ecosystems for microorganisms life. This research was developed in the coffee region of Puente Abadia, Villavicencio, Colombia; the objective was to evaluate the heterotrophic aerobic microbial population in Coffea arábica var. Castilla of bacteria (BP), fungi (FP) and actinomycetes (AP), due to the combined effect of three factors. Factor A was related to two bioclimates zones: Low altitude zone <700 m a.s.l. (Z1) and high altitude zone >700 m a.s.l. (Z2); factor B corresponded to two coffee systems: coffee monoculture system (unshaded) (S1), associated coffee system (shaded) (S2) and control treatment of fruit monoculture system (S3). On the other hand, factor C referred to two sampling depth, corresponding to a 0-20 cm depth (D1) and 20-30 cm depth (D2). Significant differences (P≤0.05) between the Z2*S2*D2 factor interaction caused the highest (BP) and (AP); (AP) also was positively influenced by the Z2*S2*D1, Z1*S2*D2 and Z1*S2*D1 interactions (P≤0.05). The (FP) was affected positively by the Z1*S2*D2 and Z1*S2*D1 interactions. The (S2) (shade) had comparative advantages for the soil microbial population, as compared with (S1) and (S3).

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Chatterjee, Nilovna, P. K. Ramachandran Nair, Vimala D. Nair, Abhishek Bhattacharjee, Elias de Melo Virginio Filho, Rheinhold G. Muschler, and Martin R. A. Noponen. "Do Coffee Agroforestry Systems Always Improve Soil Carbon Stocks Deeper in the Soil?—A Case Study from Turrialba, Costa Rica." Forests 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11010049.

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Shaded perennial agroforestry systems (AFS) are regarded as desirable land-use practices that improve soil carbon sequestration. However, most studies assume a positive correlation between above ground and below ground carbon without considering the effect of past and current land management, textural variations (silt and clay percentage), and such other site-specific factors that have a major influence on the extent of soil C sequestration. We assessed SOC stock at various depths (0–10, 10–30, 30–60, and 60–100 cm) in shaded perennial coffee (Coffea arabica L.) AFS in a 17-year-old experimental field at the Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, (9°53′44′′ N, 83°40′7′′ W; soil type: Ultisols and Inceptisols, Turrialba, Costa Rica. The treatments included coffee (Coffea arabica L.) grown conventionally (with chemical fertilizers) and organically (without chemical fertilizers) under two shade trees, Erythrina poeppigiana (Walp.) O.F. Cook., and Terminalia Amazonia J.F.Gmel., Sun Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) (Sole stand of coffee without shade), and Native Forest. Three replicated composite soil samples were collected from each system for each depth class, and SOC stocks in three soil aggregate fractions (2000–250 µm, 250–53 µm, and <53 µm) and in the whole soil determined. The total SOC stocks were highest under forest (146.6 Mg C ha−1) and lowest under sun coffee (92.5 Mg C ha−1). No significant differences were noted in SOC stock within coffee AFS and sun coffee across fraction sizes and depth classes. Organic management of coffee under heavily pruned E. poeppigiana, with pruned litter returned to soil, increased SOC stocks for 0–10 cm depth soil only. High input of organic materials including pruned litter did not improve SOC stocks in deeper soil, whereas variations in silt and clay percentages had a significant effect on SOC stocks. The study suggests that high amounts of aboveground biomass alone are not a good indicator of increased SOC storage in AFS, particularly for soils of sites with historical characteristics and management similar to this study.

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Daglia, M., A. Papetti, and G. Gazzani. "Green and roasted coffee antiradical activity stability in chemical systems." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 22, SI - Chem. Reactions in Foods V (January 1, 2004): S191—S194. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10658-cjfs.

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The stability to storage at different temperature and oxygen exposure of green and roasted coffee either as coffee beans or as ground coffee antiradical activity, was evaluated. The results showed that the coffee solution antihydroxyl radical activity was constant, independently from the coffee species, from the roasting process, and moreover from the type of storage conditions, suggesting that temperature and oxygen exposure did not affect this antiradical activity. With regard to antiperoxyl radical activity, all green coffee solutions showed remarkable and stable activity. Conversely, the roasted coffee beans and roasted and ground coffee antiperoxyl radical activity started to increase after three month of storage, suggesting that Maillard reaction products affect the stability of such antiradical property.

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Cui, Lei, Katharina Hanika, Richard G. F. Visser, and Yuling Bai. "Improving Pathogen Resistance by Exploiting Plant Susceptibility Genes in Coffee (Coffea spp.)." Agronomy 10, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): 1928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10121928.

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Coffee (Coffea spp.) is an economically important crop widely cultivated in (sub) tropical countries worldwide. Commercial coffee production relies mainly on two related species, namely C. arabica and C. canephora. Due to their perennial growth habit, cultivation practices, and narrow genetic diversity, coffees are constantly exposed to many diseases and pests. Coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix Berk. et Br.), coffee berry disease (Colletotrichum kahawae Bridge and Waller), and coffee wilt disease (Gibberella xylarioides Heim and Saccas/Fusarium xylarioides) are the top fungal diseases affecting C. arabica and C. canephora production areas worldwide. In many regions, chemical-based control measures are widely used and are the only way to control the diseases. Developing resistant cultivars is one of the prerequisites for increasing sustainable market demand and agriculture. However, desired and required resistance traits are not always available in the gene pool. Furthermore, from other crops it is clear that dominant resistance genes introduced into varieties are not durable because of pathogen variability and the emergence of new races of the different pathogens. Utilization of altered susceptibility genes (S genes) offers a novel and alternative strategy for the breeding of durable and broad-spectrum resistance. The S gene encodes a host factor that facilitates a compatible interaction with the pathogen, and impairment of S genes leads to loss-of-susceptibility. In this review, guidelines for effective identification, characterization, and utilization of dysfunctional S genes are proposed to aid breeding activities in order to introduce durable resistance in Coffea spp. Several candidate S genes likely contributing to the susceptibility of Colletotrichum spp., Fusarium spp., and Meloidogyne spp. are discussed. With the rapid development of genetic engineering techniques, including CRISPR-associated systems, we now have the potential to accelerate the application of S genes to achieve durable resistance in coffee.

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Piato, Kevin, Cristian Subía, Jimmy Pico, Darío Calderón, Lindsey Norgrove, and François Lefort. "Organic Farming Practices and Shade Trees Reduce Pest Infestations in Robusta Coffee Systems in Amazonia." Life 11, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11050413.

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Coffee agroforestry systems could reconcile agricultural and environmental objectives. While pests and diseases can reduce yield, their interactions with shade and nutrition have been rarely researched, and are particularly lacking in perennial systems. We hypothesized that intermediate shade levels could reduce coffee pests while excess shade could favor fungal diseases. We hypothesized that organic rather than mineral fertilization would better synchronize with nutrient uptake and higher nutrient inputs would be associated with reduced pest and disease damage due to higher plant vigor, yet effects would be less obvious in shaded plots as coffee growth would be light-limited. Using three-year-old trees of Coffea canephora var. Robusta (robusta coffee) in the Ecuadorian Amazon, we compared a full-sun system with four shading methods creating different shade levels: (1) Myroxylon balsamum; (2) Inga edulis; (3) Erythrina spp.; or, (4) Erythrina spp. plus Myroxylon balsamum. Conventional farming at either (1) moderate or (2) intensified input and organic farming at (3) low or (4) intensified input were compared in a split-plot design with shade as the main plot factor and farming practice as the sub-plot factor. The infestation of the following pests and disease incidences were evaluated monthly during the dry season: brown twig beetle (Xylosandrus morigerus), coffee leaf miner (Leucoptera coffeella), coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei), anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum spp.), thread blight (Pellicularia koleroga), and cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora coffeicola). Coffee berry borer and brown twig beetle infestation were both reduced by 7% in intensified organic treatments compared to intensified conventional treatments. Colonization of coffee berry borer holes in coffee berries by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana was also assessed. Brown twig beetle infestation was significantly higher under full sun than under Inga edulis, yet no other shade effects were detected. We demonstrate for the first time how intensified input use might promote pest populations and thus ultimately lead to robusta coffee yield losses.

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Bulitta, Bikila Jabessa, and Lalisa A. Duguma. "The Unexplored Socio-Cultural Benefits of Coffee Plants: Implications for the Sustainable Management of Ethiopia’s Coffee Forests." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 3912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073912.

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Coffee is among the most popular commodity crops around the globe and supports the livelihoods of millions of households along its value chain. Historically, the broader understanding of the roles of coffee has been limited to its commercial value, which largely is derived from coffee, the drink. This study, using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, explores some of the unrevealed socio-cultural services of coffee of which many people are not aware. The study was conducted in Gomma district, Jimma Zone, Oromia National Regional state, Ethiopia, where arabica coffee was first discovered in its natural habitat. Relying on a case study approach, our study uses ethnographic study methods whereby results are presented from the communities’ perspectives and the subsequent discussions with the communities on how the community perspectives could help to better manage coffee ecosystems. Coffee’s utilities and symbolic functions are numerous—food and drink, commodity crop, religious object, communication medium, heritage and inheritance. Most of the socio-cultural services are not widely known, and hence are not part of the benefits accounting of coffee systems. Understanding and including such socio-cultural benefits into the wider benefits of coffee systems could help in promoting improved management of the Ethiopian coffee forests that are the natural gene pools of this highly valuable crop.

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DaMatta, Fábio M., Cláudio P. Ronchi, Moacyr Maestri, and Raimundo S. Barros. "Ecophysiology of coffee growth and production." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 19, no. 4 (December 2007): 485–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202007000400014.

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After oil, coffee is the most valuable traded commodity worldwide. In this review we highlighted some aspects of coffee growth and development in addition to focusing our attention on recent advances on the (eco)physiology of production in both Coffea arabica and C. canephora, which together account for 99% of the world coffee bean production. This review is organized into sections dealing with (i) climatic factors and environmental requirements, (ii) root and shoot growth, (iii) blossoming synchronisation, fruiting and cup quality, (iv) competition between vegetative and reproductive growth and branch die-back, (v) photosynthesis and crop yield, (vi) physiological components of crop yield, (vii) shading and agroforestry systems, and (viii) high-density plantings.

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de Resende, Mário L. V., Edson A. Pozza, Tharyn Reichel, and Deila M. S. Botelho. "Strategies for Coffee Leaf Rust Management in Organic Crop Systems." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (September 17, 2021): 1865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091865.

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Coffee is a crop of great economic importance in many countries. The organic coffee crop stands out from other production systems by aiming to eliminate the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. One of the most important limitations in the organic system is the management of diseases, especially coffee rust, which is considered the main disease of this crop. Coffee rust causes a production slump of up to 50%, significantly affecting the profitability of coffee growers. This work aims to review the integrated rust management in organic coffee crop in different producing countries. Regarding the disease management strategies, this review addresses the use of rust-resistant cultivars, cultural management, biological control, use of plant extracts, and chemical rust control by cupric fungicides. Considering the importance of the organic system, the increase in world coffee consumption, and the potential market for this kind of coffee, this review may help researchers and producers looking for alternative strategies to control rust in an organic coffee cultivation system.

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Acosta-Alba, Ivonne, Joachim Boissy, Eduardo Chia, and Nadine Andrieu. "Integrating diversity of smallholder coffee cropping systems in environmental analysis." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 25, no. 2 (October 24, 2019): 252–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-019-01689-5.

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Abstract Purpose Coffee represents an important trade asset internationally. Around 70% of global coffee production is provided by 25 million smallholders farmers. In recent decades, coffee systems have been transformed into more intensified systems of coffee monoculture. The general objectives of this paper are to provide a better picture of the traditional coffee cropping systems and postharvest processes on-farm and to assess the environmental impacts, integrating the diversity of smallholder cropping systems. Methods A Life Cycle Assessment from cradle to farm gate was performed for three cropping systems representative of Colombian coffee cultivation according to the associated crops and shadow trees: coffee alone (CA), coffee with transition shade (CTS), and coffee with permanent shade (CPS). The system studied includes inputs, agricultural production and postharvest operations using the wet method. The final product of farms is parchment bean coffee at farm gate. The technology used is representative of the average practices of smallholder coffee growers in the region. To address multiple functions of coffee, three functional units (FU) were selected: area by time (ha*year−1 unit area), productivity (ton of parchment coffee) and farmers income (1000 USD$). Seven midpoint categories were selected: climate change, acidification, terrestrial eutrophication, freshwater eutrophication, marine eutrophication, freshwater ecotoxicity, and water resource depletion. Results and discussion We present the life cycle inventory and impact assessment results from three types of cropping systems CA, CTS and CPS. For all FU, the CPS system has the lowest potential impact, excepted for marine eutrophication. CPS also has the highest coffee yields, however it has also the highest costs. Even if cropping system diversification is only one of multiple factors that influence environmental performance, agroforestry seems to be a promising path to reduce and mitigate environmental impacts by decreasing off-fam contributions (input fabrication). Conclusions Results show the possibility that diversified cropping systems have an influence when assessing potential environmental impacts of coffee at farm gate and differences found might be influenced by shading in traditional coffee systems. Future work is needed to consider the real potential of CTS cropping system including land use and carbon dynamics. Assessments including social indicators and the rest of the value chain in particular coffee industrial transformation and utilization are also needed since the consumption stages are also a key driver to reduce the environmental footprint of coffee.

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Hunt, David A., Karyn Tabor, Jennifer H. Hewson, Margot A. Wood, Louis Reymondin, Kellee Koenig, Mikaela Schmitt-Harsh, and Forrest Follett. "Review of Remote Sensing Methods to Map Coffee Production Systems." Remote Sensing 12, no. 12 (June 25, 2020): 2041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12122041.

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The coffee sector is working towards sector-wide commitments for sustainable production. Yet, knowledge of where coffee is cultivated and its environmental impact remains limited, in part due to the challenges of mapping coffee using satellite remote sensing. We recognize the urgency to capitalize on recent technological advances to improve remote sensing methods and generate more accurate, reliable, and scalable approaches to coffee mapping. In this study, we provide a systematic review of satellite-based approaches to mapping coffee extent, which produced 43 articles in the peer-reviewed and gray literature. We outline key considerations for employing effective approaches, focused on the need to balance data affordability and quality, classification complexity and accuracy, and generalizability and site-specificity. We discuss research opportunities for improved approaches by leveraging the recent expansion of diverse satellite sensors and constellations, optical/Synthetic Aperture Radar data fusion approaches, and advances in cloud computing and deep learning algorithms. We highlight the need for differentiating between production systems and the need for research in important coffee-growing geographies. By reviewing the range of techniques successfully used to map coffee extent, we provide technical recommendations and future directions to enable accurate and scalable coffee maps.

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Robaina Rodríguez, Nayla, Elizabeth Vásquez Bedoya, Luis Fernando Restrepo Betancur, and Sara María Márquez Girón. "Characterization and typification of coffee production systems (Coffea arabica L.), Andes municipality." Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía 70, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 8327–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rfna.v70n3.66332.

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La región del suroeste de Antioquia, se ha caracterizado por estar a la vanguardia en la producción de café en Colombia, con una alta diversidad de sistemas de producción. En la investigación, se caracterizaron y tipificaron 13 sistemas productores de café (Coffea arabica L.), bajo diferentes tipos de manejo, del municipio de Andes. La metodología consistió en la caracterización cualitativa de las dimensiones sociodemográfica, ambiental, económica y agrícola, seguido de una tipificación estratificada. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos de tipo factorial por correspondencia múltiple y el método del clúster. Los resultados destacan que en la dimensión sociodemográfica el 100% de los cafeteros son propietarios de la tierra, poseen formación primaria, presentan un área predial entre tres y cuatro hectáreas y poseen más de 10 años de experiencia. En la ambiental, el 100% poseen beneficios tradicionales y secan al sol el café y entre el 46 y 69% utilizan agroquímicos. En la económica, el 77% de los cafeteros comercializan con las cooperativas y poseen altos costos de producción sin ganancias. Por último, en la agrícola el 100% preparan los suelos con labranza mínima, compran las semillas, el 85% contratan mano de obra y el 46% presentan baja calidad del suelo y de biodiversidad. La tipificación arrojó que el 47% de los cafeteros presentan sistemas Convencionales (Utilización de insumos químicos), el 38% son sistemas en Transición I (Racionalización de insumos sintéticos) y sólo el 15% poseen sistemas en Transición II (Utilización de insumos orgánicos).

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Charurin, Pojjana, Jennifer M. Ames, and María Dolores del Castillo. "Antioxidant Activity of Coffee Model Systems." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50, no. 13 (June 2002): 3751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf011703i.

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Sellen, D., and E. Goddard. "Weak separability in coffee demand systems." European Review of Agricultural Economics 24, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/24.1.133.

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Salas López, Rolando, Darwin Gómez Fernández, Jhonsy O. Silva López, Nilton B. Rojas Briceño, Manuel Oliva, Renzo E. Terrones Murga, Daniel Iliquín Trigoso, Elgar Barboza Castillo, and Miguel Ángel Barrena Gurbillón. "Land Suitability for Coffee (Coffea arabica) Growing in Amazonas, Peru: Integrated Use of AHP, GIS and RS." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 11 (November 13, 2020): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9110673.

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Peru is one of the world’s main coffee exporters, whose production is driven mainly by five regions and, among these, the Amazonas region. However, a combined negative factor, including, among others, climate crisis, the incidence of diseases and pests, and poor land-use planning, have led to a decline in coffee yields, impacting on the family economy. Therefore, this research assesses land suitability for coffee production (Coffea arabica) in Amazonas region, in order to support the development of sustainable agriculture. For this purpose, a hierarchical structure was developed based on six climatological sub-criteria, five edaphological sub-criteria, three physiographical sub-criteria, four socio-economic sub-criteria, and three restrictions (coffee diseases and pests). These were integrated using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS). Of the Amazonas region, 11.4% (4803.17 km2), 87.9% (36,952.27 km2) and 0.7% (295.47 km2) are “optimal”, “suboptimal” and “unsuitable” for the coffee growing, respectively. It is recommended to orient coffee growing in 912.48 km2 of territory in Amazonas, which presents “optimal” suitability for coffee and is “unsuitable” for diseases and pests. This research aims to support coffee farmers and local governments in the region of Amazonas to implement new strategies for land management in coffee growing. Furthermore, the methodology used can be applied to assess land suitability for other crops of economic interest in Andean Amazonian areas.

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Garuma, Hinsene, Gezahegn Berecha, and Chemeda Abedeta. "Influence of Coffee Production Systems on the Occurrence of Coffee Beans Abnormality: Implication on Coffee Quality." Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 14, no. 1 (December 15, 2014): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2015.40.44.

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Rocha, Omar Cruz, Maria Lucrécia Gerosa Ramos, Adriano Delly Veiga, Antonio Fernando Guerra, Gabriel Ferreira Bartholo, Gustavo Costa Rodrigues, and Juliano Escobar da Silva. "Chemical and hydrophysical attributes of an Oxisol under coffee intercropped with brachiaria in the Cerrado." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 51, no. 9 (September 2016): 1476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2016000900046.

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Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of irrigation and of the presence of brachiaria (Urochloa decumbens) between coffee (Coffea arabica) rows on coffee yield and on chemical and hydrophysical attributes of a Typic Haplustox. The study was conducted in the Cerrado region in Planaltina, Brasília, DF, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design, arranged in split-split plots, with four replicates. Water regimes (irrigated or rainfed) were assigned to the main plots, inter-row management systems to the subplots, and soil layers to the sub-subplots. The following soil attributes were determined: total organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, carbon and nitrogen stocks, bulk density, aggregate stability, total porosity, macroporosity, low-retention microporosity, remaining microporosity, criptoporosity, and total and readily-available water, besides coffee yield. Irrigation of coffee plants, associated with brachiaria intercropped as a cover crop, increased coffee yield and favored chemical and hydrophysical soil attributes, improving soil structure and its ability to store water. Irrigation favors organic carbon stocks in the upper soil layers, whereas brachiaria favors soil physical attributes related to water availability to coffee.

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Oliveira, Simônica Maria De, Abner José De Carvalho, Ignacio Aspiazú, Polyanna Mara De Oliveira, João Victor Santos Guerra, Fernando Henrique Batista Machado, Joseilton Faria Silva, Andrey Antunes De Souza, Fernando Gomes Silva, and Marlon Lopes Lacerda. "Phytosociological Survey of Weeds in Coffee Plants Irrigated Under Different Systems." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 11 (October 15, 2020): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n11p179.

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The objective was to identify the species and quantify the importance value index of weeds in the cultivation of arabica coffee in two irrigation systems, at different times of the year, in the northern region of Minas Gerais. A phytosociological survey was carried out in each season of the year (spring, summer, autumn and winter) in an area cultivated with the species Coffea arabica, subjected to two irrigation systems (sprinkling and dripping). The coffee crop was implanted at a spacing of 3.5 m between rows and 0.7 meters between plants. The collection of weeds was performed using the standard method of the square inventory, which was launched between the lines of the crop. The identification of the species was carried out, the number of individuals was quantified, the dry mass, frequency, density, abundance, importance value index and coverage, and the similarity index. 33 weed species were identified, being the species with the highest IVI Euphorbia hirta, Brachiaria plantaginea, Digitaria horizontalis, Cyperus rotundus and Amaranthus spp. It was observed a higher occurrence of weeds from the monocot group in the sprinkler irrigation system while in the drip there were predominance of dicot plants.

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Guimarães, Gabriel Pinto, Eduardo de Sá Mendonça, Renato Ribeiro Passos, and Felipe Vaz Andrade. "Soil aggregation and organic carbon of Oxisols under coffee in agroforestry systems." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 38, no. 1 (February 2014): 278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832014000100028.

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Intensive land use can lead to a loss of soil physical quality with negative impacts on soil aggregates, resistance to root penetration, porosity, and bulk density. Organic and agroforestry management systems can represent sustainable, well-balanced alternatives in the agroecosystem for promoting a greater input of organic matter than the conventional system. Based on the hypothesis that an increased input of organic matter improves soil physical quality, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of coffee production systems on soil physical properties in two Red-Yellow Oxisols (Latossolos Vermelho-Amarelos) in the region of Caparaó, Espirito Santo, Brazil. On Farm 1, we evaluated the following systems: primary forest (Pf1), organic coffee (Org1) and conventional coffee (Con1). On Farm 2, we evaluated: secondary forest (Sf2), organic coffee intercropped with inga (Org/In2), organic coffee intercropped with leucaena and inga (Org/In/Le2), organic coffee intercropped with cedar (Org/Ced2) and unshaded conventional coffee (Con2). Soil samples were collected under the tree canopy from the 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers. Under organic and agroforestry coffee management, soil aggregation was higher than under conventional coffee. In the agroforestry system, the degree of soil flocculation was 24 % higher, soil moisture was 80 % higher, and soil resistance to penetration was lower than in soil under conventional coffee management. The macroaggregates in the organic systems, Org/In2, Org/In/Le2, and Org/Ced2 contained, on average, 29.1, 40.1 and 34.7 g kg-1 organic carbon, respectively. These levels are higher than those found in the unshaded conventional system (Con2), with 20.2 g kg-1.

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Harelimana, A., G. Le Goff, D. T. Ntirushwa Rukazambuga, and T. Hance. "Coffee Production Systems: Evaluation of Intercropping System in Coffee Plantations in Rwanda." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 9 (August 13, 2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n9p17.

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Intercropping is an agricultural practice consisting in planting two or several crops in the same field simultaneously. This production system appeared to offer an excellent several advantages. While intercropping has been widely practiced since ancestral times, there was a lack of data in Rwanda on the kind of intercrops mostly used and on farmers’ perception of their utility and constraints. The main objectives of this work were (1) to assess the different food crops associated with coffee trees in Rwanda and (2) to determine the perception of farmers on the role of intercropping system. That was why a field survey was carried out between August 25th, 2014 and February 28th, 2015 in Kamonyi District of Rwanda. Seventy-five coffee producers were randomly selected and contacted to fill a questionnaire on their practices. The correlation between yield and pesticide application were performed using R version. The significance level P was set at 0.05. Results revealed that common beans (Pheseolus vulgaris L.) and soybeans (Glycine max L.) were the most coffee intercropped plants. It appeared that intercropping was practiced to ensure the production of staple crops beside coffee. Insecticide remained the main way to control coffee pests and there was thus an important work to find alternative solutions that are often ecologically non-disruptive. Plant breeders and extension agents should investigate plants that are suitable to intercrop with coffee trees in order to enhance the conservation agriculture.

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Nguyen, Thich V., Nam C. Nguyen, and Ockie J. H. Bosch. "Coffee processing management to increase green coffee quality: a systems thinking approach." International Journal of Markets and Business Systems 1, no. 3 (2015): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmabs.2015.073518.

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BONGERS, GHISLAINE, LUUK FLESKENS, GERRIE VAN DE VEN, DAVID MUKASA, KEN GILLER, and PIET VAN ASTEN. "DIVERSITY IN SMALLHOLDER FARMS GROWING COFFEE AND THEIR USE OF RECOMMENDED COFFEE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN UGANDA." Experimental Agriculture 51, no. 4 (February 13, 2015): 594–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479714000490.

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SUMMARYMany smallholder farm systems in Uganda produce coffee as an important cash crop. Yet coffee yields are poor. To increase farmers’ production, a range of agronomic practices have been recommended by national and international agencies. Yet the adoption potential of recommendations differs between farm systems. To understand the differences in adoption potential of recommended coffee management practices in Uganda, we provide a typology of farm systems with coffee, assess the diversity between the farm types, and evaluate the current use of existing management recommendations for each farm type. Through factor analysis and cluster analysis of farms producing coffee, we identified five farm types: large coffee farms, farms with off-farm activities, coffee-dependent farms, diversified farms, and banana–coffee farms. The farm types were based on differences in size, and on the relative contributions of coffee, banana and off-farm labour to total household income. They also differ in the availability of the resources labour, land and cash, in coffee production and revenue, and in current use of most recommended practices. Qualitative analysis indicates that farm types have different constraints and opportunities to adopt recommendations. Our results highlight that an analysis of different farm systems with coffee production, a degree of definition beyond the ‘smallholder coffee farmer’ as a homogenous entity, is important in order to understand the scope for success or failure of recommended practices.

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Xu, Jami. "Coffee." Journal of Agricultural & Food Information 5, no. 3 (August 31, 2003): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j108v05n03_07.

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De Los Santos-Briones, César, and S. M. Teresa Hernández-Sotomayor. "Coffee biotechnology." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 18, no. 1 (March 2006): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202006000100015.

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In the last three decades, interest has turned to in vitro cell culture in different areas of coffee research. In vitro techniques have been applied not only for coffee improvement through genetic transformation but also to study various aspects in coffee cells such as chemical (caffeine synthesis and the production of coffee aroma), physiological and more recently, biochemical aspects. The most important advances obtained to date on in vitro coffee techniques in fields like biochemistry, physiology, regeneration systems and genetic engineering, are presented and discussed.

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Assis, Bruno dos Passos, Eduardo Gross, Norma Eliane Pereira, Marcelo Schramm Mielke, and Gedeon Almeida Gomes Júnior. "Growth Response of Four Conilon Coffee Varieties (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) to Different Shading Levels." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 7 (May 31, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n7p29.

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In order to select a conilon coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) adapted to shade, four varieties (C153, JM2, LB1 and GG) were submitted to four shade levels (0, 30, 50 and 70) with evaluation of plant height, stem diameter, collar diameter, number of plagiotropic branches, number of fruits, root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and leaf anatomy. The experiment was carried out on a completely randomized design, in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme with ten replicates. We used organic compost based on cocoa shells for plant nutrition and cow urine for phytopathogenic fungi control. There was interaction between variety and shade factors for most of coffee characteristics analyzed. In general all coffee characteristics evaluated mainly fruit number and length of fruiting branches, significantly increased with increasing shade. Coffee varieties tested respond differently to the increasing of shade levels and leaf anatomy demonstrated the reduction of mesophyll thickness as the shading increased. The effect of shade levels on fruit yield fit to a positive linear regression for all four coffee varieties tested but the mycorrhizal colonization no presented differences among coffee varieties and shade levels. The varieties C153 and GG presented highlighted anatomical, growth and productive characteristics and can be indicated for shading cultivation, for example on agroforestry systems.

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Paulo, Edison Martins, and Enes Furlani Jr. "Yield performance and leaf nutrient levels of coffee cultivars under different plant densities." Scientia Agricola 67, no. 6 (December 2010): 720–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162010000600015.

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Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) plantations using adapted cultivars to regional environmental conditions with optimal plant population density and adequate nutrition are expected to show high yield responses. The triennial production and leaf macronutrient concentrations of four coffee cultivars were studied under different plant population densities. Catuaí Amarelo (IAC 47), Obatã (IAC 1669-20), Acaiá (IAC 474-19) and Icatu Amarelo (IAC 2944) were planted in densities of 2,500; 5,000; 7,519; and 10,000 plants ha-1 with one plant per hole and two plants per hole in the 2,500 plant ha-1. Plants were homogeneously fertilized without liming. As the population density increased the triennial coffee productivity increased, the yield per plant decreased, and leaf concentrations of phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulfur (S) increased. Coffee plants under dense systems presented equal or higher leaf macronutrient concentrations compared to the plants under conventional population. Taller cultivars presented the highest nutrient concentration values, and Obatã, a dwarf cultivar, the lowest values. Higher coffee yields and lower leaf P, Ca and S concentrations were observed in plots with one plant compared to the plots with two plants. In general, the coffee cultivars had leaf N and S concentrations above the reference limits reported in the literature, but leaf concentrations of other macronutrients were within adequate ranges.

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Keeton, Andrew, Edward C. Murdock, Gregory S. Stapleton, and Joe E. Toler. "Chemical Control Systems for Coffee Senna (Cassia occidentalis) in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)." Weed Technology 10, no. 3 (September 1996): 550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00040422.

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Field experiments were established to evaluate coffee senna control in cotton with registered PRE, early POST-directed (EPD), and late POST-directed (LPD) herbicides and with pyrithiobac applied PRE and early POST. Fluometuron and norflurazon applied PRE controlled coffee senna 87 and 65%, respectively, 6 wk after planting (WAP). Methazole applied EPD controlled coffee senna 96% 2 wk after application, whereas fluometuron and MSMA applied EPD controlled 70 and 16%, respectively. LPD applications of cyanazine, diuron, and prometryn averaged only 45% control 8 WAP. MSMA applied LPD controlled coffee senna only 12%. Fluometuron and norflurazon applied PRE followed by methazole applied EPD and cyanazine applied LPD controlled coffee senna 98 and 99% 6 WAP, respectively. PRE, early POST, and PRE followed by early POST applications of pyrithiobac controlled coffee senna 88, 89, and 95% 6 WAP, respectively. Seed cotton yields were similar to weed-free cotton with all treatments except MSMA applied EPD and the LPD treatments, all of which provided unacceptable (12 to 49%) control 8 WAP.

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Rodríguez, Jhonn Pablo, David Camilo Corrales, and Juan Carlos Corrales. "A Process for Increasing the Samples of Coffee Rust Through Machine Learning Methods." International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems 9, no. 2 (April 2018): 32–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaeis.2018040103.

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This article describes how coffee rust has become a serious concern for many coffee farmers and manufacturers. The American Phytopathological Society discusses its importance saying this: “…the most economically important coffee disease in the world…” while “…in monetary value, coffee is the most important agricultural product in international trade…” The early detection has inspired researchers to apply supervised learning algorithms on predicting the disease appearance. However, the main issue of the related works is the small number of samples of the dependent variable: Incidence Percentage of Rust, since the datasets do not have a reliable representation of the disease, which will generate inaccurate predictions in the models. This article provides a process about coffee rust to select appropriate machine learning methods to increase rust samples.

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Vandermeer, John, Inge Armbrecht, Aldo de la Mora, Katherine K. Ennis, Gordon Fitch, David J. Gonthier, Zachary Hajian-Forooshani, et al. "The Community Ecology of Herbivore Regulation in an Agroecosystem: Lessons from Complex Systems." BioScience 69, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 974–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biz127.

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Abstract Whether an ecological community is controlled from above or below remains a popular framework that continues generating interesting research questions and takes on especially important meaning in agroecosystems. We describe the regulation from above of three coffee herbivores, a leaf herbivore (the green coffee scale, Coccus viridis), a seed predator (the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei), and a plant pathogen (the coffee rust disease, caused by Hemelia vastatrix) by various natural enemies, emphasizing the remarkable complexity involved. We emphasize the intersection of this classical question of ecology with the burgeoning field of complex systems, including references to chaos, critical transitions, hysteresis, basin or boundary collision, and spatial self-organization, all aimed at the applied question of pest control in the coffee agroecosystem.

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Tumwebaze, Susan Balaba, and Patrick Byakagaba. "Soil organic carbon stocks under coffee agroforestry systems and coffee monoculture in Uganda." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 216 (January 2016): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.09.037.

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Pereira, Luanna Fernandes, Sylvana Naomi Matsumoto, Ueliton Soares de Oliveira, Anselmo Eloy Silveira Viana, and Ednilson Carvalho Teixeira. "Arabica coffee and cedar tree: integrating biotic and abiotic drivers." Revista Brasileira de Ciências Ambientais (Online) 56, no. 2 (2021): 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/z21769478763.

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Agroforestry systems are important forms of sustainable farming, providing several ecosystem services. However, characterization and management of factors such as thermal and light heterogeneity, as well as interactions between trees and coffee plants, are determinants for achieving the desired sustainability. This study aimed to verify whether different distances between Coffea arabica L. and Australian red cedar can change soil and microclimate characteristics and how they alter morphological and physiological attributes of coffee plants over the rainy season and a prolonged drought period (veranico) in Summer. The trial was carried out in the municipality of Barra do Choça, in an area with Australian red cedar trees (Toona ciliata M. Roem), distributed in two hedges, spaced 19.8 × 3 m apart, in a northeast-southwest direction, and coffee plants var. Catucaí Vermelho (3.3 × 0.5 m). Treatments were defined by the distance between the coffee plants and the first row of the Australian red cedar hedge (3.3 m, T1; 6.6 m, T2; 9.9 m, T3; 13.2 m, T4; 16.4 m, T5). Morphology and physiology of coffee plants, soil temperature, incident light on coffee plants, and the allelopathic potential of Australian red cedar leaf extracts were assessed in the wet and dry season of the 2016–2017 Summer. Temperatures fluctuated less in experimental units close to the hedge. The reduced growth of coffee plants close to the hedges was related to self-shading associated with light restriction by the trees. The experiment showed the allelopathic potential of Australian red cedar leaves.

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Sriratanaviriyakul, Narumon, Mathews Nkhoma, and Hiep Pham. "Osaka Flower Coffee Shop: Transaction Processing Systems." Journal of Information Technology Education: Discussion Cases 2 (2013): 08. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/1879.

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Cornelis, Marilyn C. "Toward systems epidemiology of coffee and health." Current Opinion in Lipidology 26, no. 1 (February 2015): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mol.0000000000000143.

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Morais, Heverly, Paulo Henrique Caramori, Ana Maria de Arruda Ribeiro, José Carlos Gomes, and Mirian Sei Koguishi. "Microclimatic characterization and productivity of coffee plants grown under shade of pigeon pea in Southern Brazil." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 41, no. 5 (May 2006): 763–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2006000500007.

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Recent studies on coffee (Coffea arabica L.) cultivation in agroforestry systems in Southern Brazil have shown the potential of partial shading to improve management of this crop. The objective of this work was to evaluate microclimatic conditions and their effects on coffee production of plants shaded with pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) in comparison to unshaded ones, from May 2001 to August 2002 in Londrina, State of Paraná, Brazil. The appraised microclimatic characteristics were: global radiation, photosynthetic and radiation balance; air, leaf and soil temperatures; and soil humidity. Shading caused significant reduction in incident global solar radiation, photosynthetically active radiation and net radiation, and attenuated maximum leaf, air and soil temperatures, during the day. Shade also reduced the rate of cooling of night air and leaf temperatures, especially during nights with radiative frost. Soil moisture at 0-10 cm depth was higher under shade. The shaded coffee plants produced larger cherries due to slower maturation, resulting in larger bean size. Nevertheless, plants under shade emitted less plagiotropic branches, with smaller number of nodes per branch, and fewer nodes with fruits, resulting in a large reduction in coffee production. These results show the need to find an optimal tree density and management that do not compromise coffee production and protect against extreme temperatures.

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Kagezi, Godfrey H., P. Kucel, J. Kobusinge, L. L. Nakibuule, F. Akwatulira, and I. Perfecto. "Characterising the Coffee-Banana Agroforestry Systems: an Entry Point for Promoting Coffee and Banana Growing in mid-Northern Uganda." Uganda Journal of Agricultural Sciences 18, no. 2 (September 15, 2018): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujas.v18i2.5.

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This study was conducted in the mid-Northern Ugandan districts of Nwoya, Gulu, Lira, Apach and Oyam to characterise the coffee-banana agroforestry systems. Thirty fields with coffee-banana agroforestry systems were selected and the level of field and crop management determined. Additionally, five coffee and banana plants were randomly selected and assessed for pests and diseases. All fields had Robusta coffee type whereas cooking bananas were the dominant clone (45%). Field management was limited. More than 80% of the fields had no bands, trenches or cover-crops. Most of the fields were lowly weeded (46.7%) and mulched (60%). Intercropping was low with 20% having maize or cassava. Similarly, most fields were lowly inter-planted with trees (40%) with only 28 tree/shrub species and dominated by fruit trees; namely oranges (70%), mangoes (63.3%) and pawpaw (56.7%) of the total number of tree species observed in the systems. Generally, 40% of coffee fields had not been de-suckered, pruned or changed cycle. However, at least 35% of the coffee fields were highly pruned and their cycle changed. For bananas, more than 70% of the fields were not de-suckered, propped or their corms removed, but 63% of them had been de-leafed and de-budded at a low to moderate level. Leaf skeletonisers and coffee leaf rust were the most observed pest (77.3%) and disease (15.3%) respectively. Pest damage was limited in bananas, though black Sigatoka was the commonest disease observed (56%). It is concluded that the region has embraced the systems but there is need for farmers to be provided with the right species of coffee, banana and trees.Keywords: Agroforestry-systems, cooking-bananas, Robusta-coffee.

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LÓPEZ-SAMPSON, Arlene, Norvin SEPÚLVEDA, Mirna BARRIOS, Eduardo SOMARRIBA, Rodolfo MUNGUÍA, Pedro MORAGA, Alejandro PONCE, Luis OROZCO-AGUILAR, Elvin NAVARRETE, and Ledis NAVARRETE. "Long-term effects of shade and input levels on coffee yields in the Pacific region of Nicaragua." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 346 (December 25, 2020): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2020.346.a36292.

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The suitability and profitability of coffee cultivation in Central America are at risk due to pest and disease outbreaks, price fluctuations and climate change. Proper shading is claimed to be one of the most promising practices to seek sustainability and better adapt coffee cultivation to climate change in marginal areas. This study recorded and compared coffee cherry yields over a ten-year period from shaded coffee (N-fixing-trees and timber trees) agroforestry systems under different management regimes (conventional vs. organic) in a suboptimal site. Significant differences in production were detected between conventional inputs vs. combination of organic inputs and shade types in some years of the evaluation period. Full-sun cultivation under intensive management was the most productive system for coffee yields, followed by shaded systems under timber trees. Interestingly, and regardless of management systems (intensive conventional or intensive organic) the worst combinations in terms of coffee yield were shaded systems under leguminous species (Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. + Simarouba glauca DC.). Across all experimental plots, the timber species Simarouba glauca and Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC. grew well, reaching a mean annual increment in diameter of 2.5-3.3 cm/year (age 12 years). Average gross revenues were higher in full-sun and timber-shaded agroforestry systems. Overall, intensive management regimes were the most expensive cultivation system to run but also the best in terms of coffee yield performance.

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Classen, Alice, Marcell K. Peters, Stefan W. Ferger, Maria Helbig-Bonitz, Julia M. Schmack, Genevieve Maassen, Matthias Schleuning, Elisabeth K. V. Kalko, Katrin Böhning-Gaese, and Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter. "Complementary ecosystem services provided by pest predators and pollinators increase quantity and quality of coffee yields." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1779 (March 22, 2014): 20133148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.3148.

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Wild animals substantially support crop production by providing ecosystem services, such as pollination and natural pest control. However, the strengths of synergies between ecosystem services and their dependencies on land-use management are largely unknown. Here, we took an experimental approach to test the impact of land-use intensification on both individual and combined pollination and pest control services in coffee production systems at Mount Kilimanjaro. We established a full-factorial pollinator and vertebrate exclosure experiment along a land-use gradient from traditional homegardens (agroforestry systems), shaded coffee plantations to sun coffee plantations (total sample size = 180 coffee bushes). The exclusion of vertebrates led to a reduction in fruit set of ca 9%. Pollinators did not affect fruit set, but significantly increased fruit weight of coffee by an average of 7.4%. We found no significant decline of these ecosystem services along the land-use gradient. Pest control and pollination service were thus complementary, contributing to coffee production by affecting the quantity and quality of a major tropical cash crop across different coffee production systems at Mount Kilimanjaro.

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Baliza, Danielle Pereira, Franciele Caixeta, Édila Vilela de Resende Von Pinho, Rodrigo Luz da Cunha, Denize Carvalho Martins, and Sttela Dellyzete Veiga Franco da Rosa. "Physiological quality of coffee seeds produced under different levels of solar radiation and maturation stages." Revista Brasileira de Sementes 34, no. 3 (2012): 416–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-31222012000300008.

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In Brazil, although the coffee plantations are predominantly grown under full sunlight, the use of agroforestry systems can lead to socioeconomic advantages, thus providing a favorable environment to the crop by promoting its sustainability as well as environmental preservation. However, there is a lack of information on physiological quality of the coffee seeds produced under different levels of solar radiation. Within this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different levels of solar radiation and maturation stages on the physiological quality of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seeds, cv. Acaiá Cerrado MG-1474. Three levels of solar radiation (plants grown under full sunlight; under plastic screens of 35% shading; and under plastic screens of 50% shading) and three maturation stages (cherry, greenish-yellow and green) were assessed. Physiological quality of seeds was assessed by using germination test, first count of germination, abnormal seedlings, dead seeds, and seedlings with open cotyledonary leaves. Electrophoretic analysis of isoenzymes catalase, esterase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase was also performed. With the evolution of development the coffee seeds presents increases on physiological quality, and at its beginning the seeds show improvements on quality with the reduction of solar radiation.

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Dahal, Ngamindra, Roshan Man Bajracharya, and Lal Mani Wagle. "Biochar Effects on Carbon Stocks in the Coffee Agroforestry Systems of the Himalayas." Sustainable Agriculture Research 7, no. 4 (September 19, 2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v7n4p103.

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Coffee agroforestry is an emerging agricultural practice in the mid hills of Nepal. Smallholder farmers of low-income strata have progressively adopted coffee as a perennial crop over seasonal crops. A multi-year study was conducted to test effects of locally produced biochar derived from coffee wastes, e.g., pulp and husks, on carbon stocks of: i) coffee trees, and, ii) soil organic carbon (SOC) in selected coffee growing pockets. We conducted on-farm experimental trials in three different physiographical locations of the Nepal mid-hills, namely, Chandanpur (Site I at 1475masl), Panchkhal (Site II at 1075masl), and Talamarang (Site III at 821masl) where smallholders grow coffee together with other cereal crops and vegetables. We applied biochar to the soil at a rate of 5 Mgha-1, then, monitored the SOC and biomass growth of the coffee trees in the three treatment plots at sites I, II and III over two years beginning in 2013. The average stocks of aboveground carbon in coffee trees increased from 6.2±4.3 Mgha-1 to 9.1±5.2 Mgha-1 over the trial period of two years in biochar treated plots. The same in control plots increased from 5.6±2.8 Mgha-1 to 6.7±4.7 Mgha-1. In the biochar plots, the average increments of ABG carbon was 0.73 Mgh-1 while in the control it was 0.29 Mgh-1. Analysis of soil organic carbon of the plots indicated overall incremental change in carbon stocks in the coffee farms. During the base year, the average SOC stocks in the top 0-15cm layer of the soil at sites I, II, and III were estimated 74.88 ± 15.93; 63.96 ±16.71 and 33.05 ±4.42 Mgha-1 respectively. Although both the biochar treated and control plot registered incremental change in SOC stocks, the volumes were remarkably higher in the former than the latter. Compared to the baseline data, the changes in SOC stocks in the three biochar treated plots were 19.8, 49.8 and 45.3 Mgha-1, respectively, whereas in the control plots these were 8.3, 29.3 and 11.3 Mgha-1, respectively. The higher incremental rates of C-stocks in all the biochar treated plots in comparison to the corresponding control plots of the coffee agroforestry implies that application of biochar can enhance accumulation of carbon in the form of aboveground biomass and soil organic carbon.

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Yuliasmara, Fitria. "El Nino Effect on Coffee Growth and Productivity on Several Agroforestry Systems in Gumitir Mountain Coffee Farms, East Java, Indonesia." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 33, no. 3 (December 31, 2017): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v33i3.291.

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Climate change and global warming have become major issues in the last 10 years and affect many sectors including coffee plantations. Global warming causes El Nino to occur more frequently and potentialy reduced agricultural production between 5–20%. In coffee plantations, an effort to minimize the impact of climate change is the use of agroforestry cropping pattern. One of the Robusta coffee producing areas grown using agroforestry system in East Java is at Gumitir mountain area. Coffee plants used as samples were 10–12 years old of Tugusari 6 coffee plantations managed by Sidomulyo farmer group. The environmental design used completely randomized block design with three replicates for each treatment which consisted of +0.5 ha. The results of this study indicated that coffee grown under forest produced the lowest irradiation and keep daytime tem-peratures 26.33oC with humidity 85% during this El Nino period. On plant growth parameters showed that the lower intensity of irradiation produced coffee plants with morphological characters of longer segments, larger leaves and higher chlo-rophyll content. Plant growth showed no significant difference except in coffee agroforestry system with pine which produced the smallest stem diameter and fewer productive branches. It was suspected due to the presence of allelopati compounds released by the litter of pine leaves. Coffee grown under natural forest produced highest nodes per branch, cherries per node, and number of cherries per tree than other systems. Productivity of robusta coffee in Gumitir mountain area during El Nino showed that the highest productivity in forest 1497 kg ha –1 and 1355 kg ha –1 on coffee grown under Leucaena, due to its ability to maintain moisture. Agroforestry system in coffee is able to maintain environmental conditions in this case in terms of irradiation, temperature and moisture during El Nino which caused stability of plant growth and coffee productivity during El Nino.

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Partelli, Fábio Luiz, Romano Roberto Valicheski, Henrique Duarte Vieira, Ivoney Gontijo, and Enderson Petrônio de Brito Ferreira. "Physical soil attributes of Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) under organic and conventional management systems." Australian Journal of Crop Science 10, no. 05 (May 20, 2016): 646–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.05.p7345.

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Buchanan, Serra, Marney E. Isaac, Karel Van den Meersche, and Adam R. Martin. "Functional traits of coffee along a shade and fertility gradient in coffee agroforestry systems." Agroforestry Systems 93, no. 4 (May 2, 2018): 1261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-018-0239-1.

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LAMOND, GENEVIEVE, LINDSEY SANDBROOK, ANJA GASSNER, and FERGUS L. SINCLAIR. "LOCAL KNOWLEDGE OF TREE ATTRIBUTES UNDERPINS SPECIES SELECTION ON COFFEE FARMS." Experimental Agriculture 55, S1 (May 31, 2016): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479716000168.

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SUMMARYThe extent to which coffee agroforestry systems provide ecosystem services depends on local context and management practices. There is a paucity of information about how and why farmers manage their coffee farms in the way that they do and the local knowledge that underpins this. The present research documents local agro-ecological knowledge from a coffee growing region within the vicinity of the Aberdare Forest Reserve in Central Kenya. Knowledge was acquired from over 60 coffee farmers in a purposive sample, using a knowledge-based systems approach, and tested with a stratified random sample of 125 farmers using an attribute ranking survey. Farmers had varying degrees of explanatory knowledge about how trees affected provisioning and regulating ecosystem services. Trees were described as suitable or unsuitable for growing with coffee according to tree attributes such as crown density and spread, root depth and spread, growth rate and their economic benefit. Farmers were concerned that too high a level of shade and competition for water and nutrients would decrease coffee yields, but they were also interested in diversifying production from their coffee farms to include fruits, timber, firewood and other tree products as a response to fluctuating coffee prices. A range of trees were maintained in coffee plots and along their boundaries but most were at very low abundances. Promoting tree diversity rather than focussing on one or two high value exotic species represents a change of approach for extension systems, the coffee industry and farmers alike, but is important if the coffee dominated landscapes of the region are to retain their tree species richness and the resilience this confers.

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Xiao, Ziwei, Xuehui Bai, Mingzhu Zhao, Kai Luo, Hua Zhou, Guanrun Ma, Teiying Guo, Linlin Su, and Jinhong Li. "Soil organic carbon storage by shaded and unshaded coffee systems and its implications for climate change mitigation in China." Journal of Agricultural Science 158, no. 8-9 (November 2020): 687–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185962100006x.

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AbstractShaded coffee systems can mitigate climate change by fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in soil. Understanding soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and the factors influencing SOC in coffee plantations are necessary for the development of sound land management practices to prevent land degradation and minimize SOC losses. This study was conducted in the main coffee-growing regions of Yunnan; SOC concentrations and storage of shaded and unshaded coffee systems were assessed in the top 40 cm of soil. Relationships between SOC concentration and factors affecting SOC were analysed using multiple linear regression based on the forward and backward stepwise regression method. Factors analysed were soil bulk density (ρb), soil pH, total nitrogen of soil (N), mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual moisture (MAM), mean annual precipitation (MAP) and elevations (E). Akaike's information criterion (AIC), coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and residual sum of squares (RSS) were used to describe the accuracy of multiple linear regression models. Results showed that mean SOC concentration and storage decreased significantly with depth under unshaded coffee systems. Mean SOC concentration and storage were higher in shaded than unshaded coffee systems at 20–40 cm depth. The correlations between SOC concentration and ρb, pH and N were significant. Evidence from the multiple linear regression model showed that soil bulk density (ρb), soil pH, total nitrogen of soil (N) and climatic variables had the greatest impact on soil carbon storage in the coffee system.

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Ronchi, C. P., and A. A. Silva. "Weed control in young coffee plantations through post emergence herbicide application onto total area." Planta Daninha 22, no. 4 (December 2004): 607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582004000400016.

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This study was carried out to investigate the efficiency of several herbicides under field conditions, by post-emergence application onto the entire area, their effect on the control of weeds in young coffee plantations and commercial coffee and bean intercropping system, as well as on both crops. Seedlings of Coffea arabica cv. Red Catuaí with four to six leaf pairs were transplanted to the field and treated according to conventional agronomic practices. A bean and coffee intercropping system was established by sowing three lines of beans in the coffee inter-rows. At the time the herbicides were sprayed, the coffee plants had six to ten leaf pairs; the bean plants, three leaflets; and the weeds were at an early development stage. Fluazifop-p-butyl and clethodim were selective for coffee plants and controlled only Brachiaria plantaginea and Digitaria horizontalis efficiently. Broad-leaved weeds (Amaranthus retroflexus, Bidens pilosa, Coronopus didymus, Emilia sonchifolia, Galinsoga parviflora, Ipomoea grandifolia, Lepidium virginicum, and Raphanus raphanistrum) were controlled with high efficiency by sole applications of fomesafen, flazasulfuron, and oxyfluorfen, except B. pilosa, C. didymus, and R. raphanistrum for oxyfluorfen. Sequential applications in seven-day intervals of fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butyl, or clethodim, and two commercial mixtures of fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butyl simultaneously controlled both types of weed. Cyperus rotundus was only controlled by flazasulfuron. Except for fluazifop-p-butyl and clethodim, all herbicide treatments caused only slight injuries on younger coffee leaves. However, further plant growth was not impaired and coffee plant height and stem diameter were therefore similar in the treatments, as evaluated four months later. Fomesafen, fluazifop-p-butyl, and clethodim, at sole or sequential application, and the commercial mixtures of fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butyl were also highly selective for bean crop; thus at doses recommended for bean crop, these herbicides may be applied to control weeds in coffee and bean intercropping systems by spraying the entire area.

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Nóbrega, Ian C. C., Igor H. L. Costa, Axel C. Macedo, Yuri M. Ishihara, and Dirk W. Lachenmeier. "Serving Temperatures of Best-Selling Coffees in Two Segments of the Brazilian Food Service Industry Are “Very Hot”." Foods 9, no. 8 (August 3, 2020): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9081047.

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The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified the consumption of “very hot” beverages (temperature >65 °C) as “probably carcinogenic to humans”, but there is no information regarding the serving temperature of Brazil’s most consumed hot beverage—coffee. The serving temperatures of best-selling coffee beverages in 50 low-cost food service establishments (LCFS) and 50 coffee shops (CS) were studied. The bestsellers in the LCFS were dominated by 50 mL shots of sweetened black coffee served in disposable polystyrene (PS) cups from thermos flasks. In the CS, 50 mL shots of freshly brewed espresso served in porcelain cups were the dominant beverage. The serving temperatures of all beverages were on average 90% and 68% above 65 °C in the LCFS and CS, respectively (P95 and median value of measurements: 77 and 70 °C, LCFS; 75 and 69 °C, CS). Furthermore, the cooling periods of hot water systems (50 mL at 75 °C and 69 °C in porcelain cups; 50 mL at 77 °C and 70 °C in PS cups) to 65 °C were investigated. When median temperatures of the best-selling coffees are considered, consumers should allow a minimum cooling time before drinking of about 2 min at both LCFS and CS.

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Moguel, Patricia, and Victor M. Toledo. "Biodiversity Conservation in Traditional Coffee Systems of Mexico." Conservation Biology 13, no. 1 (February 1999): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.97153.x.

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Young, Christie M. "Coffee Agroforestry Systems for Conservation and Economic Development." Journal of Sustainable Forestry 16, no. 1-2 (January 2003): 39–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j091v16n01_03.

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Prasetyo, Joko, and Titik Nur Aeny. "DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF SOIL-BORNE PATHOGENIC FUNGI IN VARIOUS LAND-USE SYSTEMS IN SUMBERJAYA, LAMPUNG." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 6, no. 2 (September 8, 2006): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.26107-112.

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Diversity and abundance of soil-borne pathogenic fungi in various land-use systems in Sumberjaya, Lampung. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of land use systems on diversity and abundance of soil-borne pathogenic fungi. Soil samples were collected from Sumberjaya area, West-Lampung, during October 2004. A total of 88 soil samples were collected from seven land use systems: (1) undisturbed forest, (2) disturbed forest, (3) shrub, (4) polyculture coffee, (5) monoculture coffee, (6) food crop, and (7) horticulture crop. The soil samples were laboratory analyzed to isolate and enumerate viable fungal propagules using bioassay procedure by a modified most probable number technique. The results of the study showed that land-use systems had different impacts on diversity and abundance of soil-borne pathogenic fungi. The diversity declined in non-agricultural systems from undisturbed forest to disturbed forest, shrub, and polyculture coffee, and then increased in agricultural systems from polyculture coffee to monoculture coffee, and food crop. In horticulture crop, however, the diversity was lower than that of in food crop system. The abundance had a similar trend except for horticulture crop that showed the highest population. The occurrence of soil-borne pathogens was different across land use systems. Fusarium spp. dominated all land uses, except in shrub that was dominated by Curvularia spp. Botryodiplodia spp. occurred in undisturbed and disturbed forests, decreased in shrub and then disappeared in other land uses. The occurrence of Phytophthora spp. and Pythium spp. was limited in undisturbed and disturbed forest, then disappeared in shrub, in polyculture and monoculture coffee, but increased significantly in food crops. Rhizoctonia sp. only occurred in undisturbed forest.

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Ricci, Marta dos Santos Freire, Bruno José Rodrigues Alves, Simone Cordeiro de Miranda, and Fabio Freire de Oliveira. "Growth rate and nutritional status of an organic coffee cropping system." Scientia Agricola 62, no. 2 (April 2005): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162005000200008.

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In view of the low N concentration in organic fertilizers, it is necessary to use high rates of such fertilizers to attend coffee crop requirements. Hence, N is the most limiting nutrient for organic coffee production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) organic fertilization on the growth and nutritional status of coffee cultivars, as well as to quantify plant biomass and N input derived from biological nitrogen fixation, and their effect on soil chemical characteristics. The experiment consisted of six coffee (Coffea arabica) cultivars intercropped with and without sunn hemp sown in November 2001 and pruned at mid-height 76 days later. At 175 days, the standing biomass of the legume was cut, measuring dry mass, total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and 15N natural abundance, resulting 16 t ha-1 of dry mass and the recycling of 444, 21, 241, 191, and 44 kg ha-1 of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg, respectively. Cultivars 'Obatã' and 'Catuaí Vermelho' presented the highest growth rates in terms of plant height, while cultivars 'Icatu' and 'Oeiras' presented the lowest rates. Biological nitrogen fixation associated to the legume introduced more than 200 kg ha-1 of N, which is a demonstration that N fertilization in organic cropping systems is a valuable alternative. Intercropping lead to a constant coffee leaf N content during the entire cropping cycle, contrary to what was observed in plots grown without sunn hemp.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Coffee systems'

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