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Shaimaa Sayed Mohamed El-Sayed. "An Applied Study for the Restoration and Conservation of a Museum-Stored Colored Stone Coffin lid from the Late Period." Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal 3, no. 1 (2021): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v3i1.368.
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The colored stone coffin lids are exposed to many different deterioration factors, whether in the burial or exposure environment. In the burial environment, these colored coffin lids are subjected to the pressure of soil sediments, which leads to their being crushed into parts, especially since the case study is made of limestone. In the soil, caused by the presence of ground water, which leads to the crystallization of salts and the growth of microorganisms. Also, false excavation of these colored stone coffins lids and their transfer from equilibrium in the burial environment to the exposure environment leads to exposing to other pressures and may lead to irreversible damage and loss of color, as the temperature difference in the exposure environment and burial environment will lead to fissures and cracks as well. Crystallization of salts in the case of high temperature, as well as the difference in relative humidity levels, will lead to the dissolution of the color-bonding material and the dissolution of the air pollution gases, which leads to the formation of acids that interact with the material of these stone coffins lids to form water-soluble compounds, which leads in the end to the loss and deterioration of them. The selected object of study is a colored stone coffin lid no. 1939, broken into several parts of limestone (about 13 parts), dated to the Late Period and saved in Atifyah museum store – Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities- Giza – Egypt, samples were taken from limestone, red and black pigments and examined by optical microscope, polarizing microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) also analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The restoration processes are summarized in cleaning, consolidation, assembling and loss- compensation for the selected colored stone coffin lid.
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Liu, Yong, Jiake Chen, Cunxin Li, et al. "Menthol-Based Extraction of Fragile Wooden Coffin Lid (7–10th Centuries CE) in Laboratory Archaeology Excavation." Forests 15, no. 10 (2024): 1830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15101830.
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Block lifting is a key step in stabilizing and removing fragile remains at archaeological excavation sites. Due to its favorable working properties and adhesive effect, menthol has recently been proposed as a volatile binding medium for temporary consolidation in archaeological conservation. This paper presents a case study on the use of menthol in the extraction and restoration of a large wooden coffin lid, approximately 1.9 m long and 0.9 m wide, from tomb 11 (M11) at Xie’ertala, located east of a Xie’ertala town in Hailar City, Inner Mongolia, dating to the 7th to 10th centuries CE. This coffin lid had fragmented into numerous wooden pieces, and was preserved in a relatively arid steppe environment, necessitating the extraction of the lid as a consolidated block. The use of menthol for consolidating and lifting the highly fragmented wooden coffin lid was intended to preserve critical archaeological information while avoiding damage to the underlying objects. An analysis of the physicochemical properties of these wooden remains suggests that the timber used for the coffin lid belongs to a common pine species from the Hulunbuir region. The degradation of the coffin lid was relatively mild, as shown by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) results. Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) tests indicated that the hygroscopicity of the archaeological wood was 23.4%, compared to 21.1% for the reference sample, demonstrating good environmental stability. The safety of menthol as a treatment for fragile wooden remains was evaluated by comparing changes in the morphological and porosity characteristics of the coffin lid before and after menthol treatment. After treatment, the widths of the fissures remained largely unchanged, with all relative variations being less than 1%, and the porosity as well as pore size distribution of the wood showed negligible changes. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) results showed that only 0.6% of menthol residue remained after 8 days of sublimation. This pilot study demonstrates that menthol is a safe temporary consolidant for block lifting and offers a promising alternative to the widely used cyclododecane. In conclusion, this research provided a new approach for conservators to safely lift similarly large and fragile wood remains during archaeological excavations.
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Tarasenko, M. O. "On some Features of Funerary Assemblage of the Egyptian Priestess Nesmut." Arheologia 1, no. 1 (2024): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2024.01.005.
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The subject of this paper is the analysis of funerary assemblage of Nesmut, the Egyptian priestess of the 21st Dynasty (her titles are “Mistress of the House, Chantress of Amun, king of the gods”). The burial of Nesmut was discovered in 1891 in the so-called “Second Cache” at Deir al-Bahri, also known as Bāb el-Gusūs (set no. A.48). Inventory that was discovered on the mummy: leather mummy braces, three “napkins”, linen gloves, shale heart scarab, and wax images of the sons of Horus. Inventory that was found near or inside of the coffin: two shabti-boxes, shabtis. Nesmut’s mummy cover is located in the Museum of Antiquities in Cairo (Cairo CG 6007). Her coffin is currently stored in the Odesa Archaeological Museum (OAM) of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (inv. no. 71695). It was part of the so-called Lot VI presented to Russian Empire by Egyptian government in 1893. In 1895, the coffin of Nesmut was sent from Odesa to the Archaeological Museum of St. Volodymyr Kyiv University. In 1959 the coffin of Nesmut was among other objects that were transferred from the State Republican Historical Museum in Kyiv to the OAM. The lid of the coffin with inv. no. OAM 71695 differs in design style from the trunk and has an earlier dating. Structurally, the lid has retained traces of technological processing and fitting the trunk of the later coffin of its namesake. Accordingly, there were two Nesmuts, whose funerary objects were discovered in Bāb el-Gusūs. The burial of Nesmut (II) corresponds to the set no. A.48 by Daressy and it is linked with the coffin trunk no. OAM 71695. Separate objects from Nesmut’s (I) grave goods were adapted for later burials: the lid of her inner coffin was used for the Odesa coffin of Nesmut (II), and the lid of the outer coffin might have been adapted for an anonymous burial from Bāb el-Gusūs set no. A.54 (Swiss lot IX, Neuchâtel, Musée d’Ethnographie, inv. no. Eg. 184) on which the name “Nesmut” preserved in one segment of the lid. The burial of Nesmut was also equipped with two different types of shabtis. It is possible that like the lid of the coffin, part of the shabtis was “usurped” by Nesmut (II) and previously belonged to the burial of her namesake and probably relative, Nesmut (I). It is quite probable, that they were reused and adopted for the burial of new owner together with the shabti-box, since the two of them were found in the set no. A.48. This may prove that during the 21st Dynasty, not only large objects, but also small items of grave goods could be reused.
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Anđelković, Branislav, and Jonathan P. Elias. "Ernest Brummer and the Coffin of Nefer-renepet From Akhmim." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 8, no. 2 (2016): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v8i2.11.
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The coffin of Nefer-renepet was donated to the National Museum in Belgrade by Ernest Brummer (born in Sombor in 1881) in 1921. The coffin is a fine example of the artistry of the funerary industry of ancient Akhmim. Previous publications have classified this object as belonging to the 22nd-25th Dynasty or Ptolemaic period. The present analysis indicates that it dates to the period of the mid-4th century B.C., i.e. 30th Dynasty, based on stylistic comparisons, orthography and genealogical information from similar coffins in other collections. This stylistic/chronological phase is not well-represented numerically, and this makes Nefer-renepet’s coffin all the more important. The design characteristics of the phase broadly emulate those of the 26th Dynasty, but they are clearly distinguishable as belonging to a later era. Among the many distinctive aspects of Nefer-renepet’s coffin is the interior decoration of its lid, published here for the first time, showing the ‘gliding Nut motif with upward streaming hair’ accompanied by abbreviated texts derived from the Book of Day and Book of Night. The goddess represented on the coffin trough is Imentet, with the maat-feather on her head as a reduction of the full hieroglyphic symbol for West.
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Anđelković, Branislav, and Jonathan P. Elias. "Inscriptions on the Interior of the 30th Dynasty Coffin of Nefer-renepet from Akhmim." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 10, no. 3 (2016): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v10i3.7.
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The anthropoid wooden coffin with plinth (L. 183.5 cm), datable to the mid–4th century B.C. (30th Dynasty), names Nefer-renepet, a dancer of Min from Akhmim. This object represents one of the artistically and technically superior coffins produced by Late Period Egyptian coffin workshops. It was formerly part of the Amherst collection, and was purchased by Ernest Brummer at a Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge auction in London in 1921, then donated the same year to the National Museum in Belgrade. The interior of the lid is distinguished by a remarkable ‘gliding Nut motif with upward streaming hair’ (an extremely important iconographic element) while the interior of the trough is dominated by a line drawing of Imentet wearing a diagonallyveined maat-feather on her head. The interior decoration includes inscriptions written on the side facets. Written hastily in whitish-yellow line on a rough ground of thick black pigment (in contrast to the fine outer decoration of the coffin) these barely legible Stundenwachen texts, are nonetheless significant, and are to be identified as abbreviated texts derived from the Book of Day and Book of Night. They are a manifestation of Late Period magical symbolism stemming from New Kingdom funerary compositions. Their presence on the coffin, however hurried, was intended to ease Nefer-renepet’s passage through the netherworld. Since 1992 the coffin of Nefer-renepet is kept in the Archaeological Collection of the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade.
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SCHLACHTER, ABBY E. "A Snug-Fitting Coffin Lid: One Student's Artistic Response to Queequeg." Leviathan: A Journal of Melville Studies 5, no. 1 (2003): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-1849.2003.tb00068.x.
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ABDELMONIEM, Abdelmoniem M., Naglaa MAHMOUD, Saleh MOHAMED, et al. "CONSERVATION OF A PAINTED WOODEN COFFIN AT DAHSHUR ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREA." International Journal of Conservation Science 15, no. 1 (2024): 391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2024.01.01.
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This paper aims to document the conservation processes of a polychrome wooden coffin in the Dahshur archaeological area dating back to the late period. The exterior part of the coffin is decorated with a painted layer. Visual observation, 2D Program, and Optical Microscopy (OM) were used. wood identification. The coffin was in a bad condition. It was covered with a thick layer of dust, losing parts of the painted and gesso layers, as well as other parts of these layers, were lost. Some parts were missing from the head area of the lid coffin. The conservation processes of the wooden coffin included mechanical and chemical cleaning, reattachment of the separated parts of the ground layer and painted layers, filling the edge of the painted layer, and consolidating the painted layer. The conservation process included mechanical cleaning using soft brushes, chemical cleaning using ethyl alcohol and distilled water for painting, stabilization of the separated gesso layer using Paraloid B72, filling cracks of the gesso layers using glass microballoon with Paraloid B72 and consolidating the painted layer with calcium oxide nanoparticles with Klucel G (hydroxypropyl cellulose) 0. 5%
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Priskin, Gyula. "Az óravigília Peftjauneith koporsóján." Belvedere Meridionale 31, no. 1 (2019): 6–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/belv.2019.1.1.
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According to the Graeco-Roman zodiacs, the appearance of the full moon on the day of the autumnal equinox signified the moment in the astral myth of Osiris when the god was resurrected. The paper argues that the concise version of the hour vigil on the interior surface of the lid of Peftjauneith’s coffin refers to the same mythical episode. Similarly to a few other coffins of the 26th dynasty, Peftjauneith’s composition includes a short exhortative text, a visual list of the hour goddesses, together with their names (twelve for the day, and twelve for the night), and the figure of Nut who is unusually depicted as swallowing the sun and giving birth to the moon. The even distribution of the hours points to the equinox, while the juxtaposition of the sun and the moon captures the rising of the full lunar disc. The whole scene thus refers to a detail of the hour vigil not documented elsewhere, namely, that it was ideally performed when the full moon coincided with the day of the equinox. With its setup, the hour vigil of Osiris on Peftjauneith’s coffin is a forerunner of the later Graeco-Roman zodiacs.
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Jen, Yi-Ming, Hsi Hsin Chien, Tsung-Shu Lin, and Shih Hsiang Huang. "Effect of Lid Materials on the Solder Ball Reliability of Thermally Enhanced Flip-Chip Plastic Ball Grid Array Packages." Key Engineering Materials 306-308 (March 2006): 1043–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.306-308.1043.
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This research studied the thermal fatigue life for eutectic solder balls of thermally enhanced flip-chip plastic ball grid array (FC-PBGA) packages with different lid materials under thermal cycling tests. Three FC-PBGA packages with different lid materials, i.e., Al, AlSiC, and Cu, were utilized to examine the lid material effect on solder ball reliability. The cyclic stress/strain behavior for the packages was estimated by using the nonlinear finite element method. The eutectic solder was assumed to be elastic-plastic-creep. The stable stress/strain results obtained from FEM analysis were utilized to predict the thermal fatigue life of solder balls by using the Coffin-Manson prediction model. Simulation results showed that the fatigue life of the FC-PBGA package with a Cu lid was much shorter than FC-PBGA packages with other lid materials. The relatively shorter fatigue life for the FC-PBGA package with a Cu lid was due to the complex constrained behavior caused by the thermal mismatch between the lid, substrate and the printed circuit board. The difference was insignificant in the fatigue lives between the package with an Al lid and the conventional package.
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Graefe, Erhart. "The Ritual of the Hours of the Day on the inner vault of the qrsw-coffin of Nes(pa)qashuty from Deir el-Bahari." Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 27, no. 2 (2018): 143–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3237.
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In 1932–1933, a shaft tomb with several funerary ensembles of a family of Late Period priests of Montu was found on the Upper Terrace of the Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari. Among them was the Qrsw-coffin of Nes(pa)qashuty, which is the first coffin to date containing a version of the Rituals of the Hours of the Day and the Night with excerpts from the daily hymns to the sun-god on the inner vault of the lid. The texts for the Ritual of the Hours of the Day, written in cursive hieroglyphs, are here represented as standard hieroglyphs, with destroyed or illegible parts supplemented, followed by comments and translations. The coffin contains three hymns unknown from other sources. Finally, there are some remarks on the transmission of this important text in general and on the series of private funerary texts divided into 24 hours and representing their corresponding deities.
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Zaghloul Abd El-Azim, Zeinab. "Wooden coffin lid of Osiris-the-Baboon , Inv.Nr.1452 in Al-Ashmunein magazine." المجلة العلمیة لکلیة الآداب-جامعة أسیوط 30, no. 90 (2024): 949–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/aakj.2024.273603.1692.
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Tarasenko, M. "Coffin lid of the Egyptian Priestess of the 25th Dynasty (NKPHCP Kpl-Arch-829)." Oriental Studies, no. 83 (June 30, 2019): 69–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/skhodoznavstvo2019.01.069.
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González, Mercedes, Anna María Begerock, Yusmary Leonard, and Dina Faltings. "El despertar de la “Bella Durmiente”: pasado, presente y futuro de la Sala Egipcia del Museo Provincial Emilio Bacardí Moreau, Santiago de Cuba." Trabajos de Egiptología. Papers on Ancient Egypt, no. 11 (2020): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.tde.2020.11.09.
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The Egyptian collection of the Emilio Bacardí Moreau Provincial Museum, in the city of Santiago de Cuba, comprises a variety of objects brought from Egypt in 1912 by its founder, Emilio Bacardí Moreau. The only Egyptian human mummy in Cuba is exhibited next to the lid of an anthropomorphic coffin and the wooden base of another coffin. Additionally, many small objects like shabti figures, scarabs, a stela, coffin fragments and amulets are present. As Bacardí was not an Egyptologist, he also acquired quite a lot of counterfeits; besides, many of the exhibited objects are not properly labelled regarding their dating, context and function. Furthermore, the display lacks an adequate conservation system and a correct museography based on current international standards, concerning the exhibition of human remains. As part of the Cuban Mummy Project—a collaboration between the National Council of Cultural Heritage of Cuba (CNPC) and the Institute of Scientific Studies on Mummies of Madrid (IECIM)—and in cooperation with the Heidelberg Centre for Cultural Heritage (HCCH) of the University of Heidelberg (Germany), the correct cataloguing of all Egyptian artefacts is being undertaken, together with their appropriate display in a new exhibition layout.
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Brent, Liana. "Sealed and revealed: Roman grave-opening practices." Journal of Roman Archaeology 33 (2020): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759420000951.
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In 1889, R. Lanciani witnessed the opening of the marble sarcophagus of Crepereia Tryphaena near the Mausoleum of Hadrian. He described the event as follows: As a rule, the ceremony of cutting the brass clamps which fasten the lids of urns and sarcophagi is performed in one of our archaeological repositories, where the contents can be quietly and carefully examined, away from an excited and sometimes dangerous crowd. In the present case, this plan was found impracticable, because the coffin was ascertained to be filled with water which had, in the course of centuries, filtered in, drop by drop, through the interstices of the lid. […] No sooner had the seals been broken, and the lid put aside, than my assistants, myself, and the whole crowd of workmen from the Halls of Justice, were almost horrified at the sight before us.1
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Namdar, Dvory, Shlomo Shoval, Alon Amrani, Edwin C. M. van den Brink, Dan Kirzner, and Ron Beeri. "Absorbed organic residues in a Late Bronze Age II clay coffin with anthropoid lid from Tel Shadud, Israel." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 12 (April 2017): 726–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.01.045.
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Becquemin, J. P., F. Schneider, and J. B. Ricco. "Is it Time to Nail the Lid on the Coffin of Open Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair? Not so Sure!" European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 43, no. 6 (2012): 625–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2012.03.015.
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Wilson, Erin. ""No Certain Roof but the Coffin Lid": The Melodramatic Body and the Semiotics of Syphilis in Oliver Twist." Dickens Studies Annual: Essays on Victorian Fiction 44, no. 1 (2013): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7756/dsa.044.002.29-42.
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Badr, Nour Mohamed, Mona Fouad Ali, Nesrin M. N. El Hadidi, and Gamal Abdel Naeem. "Identification of materials used in a wooden coffin lid covered with composite layers dating back to the Ptolemaic period in Egypt." Conservar Património 29 (2018): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14568/cp2017029.
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Davidson, James M. "Keeping the Devil at Bay: The Shoe on the Coffin Lid and Other Grave Charms in Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-century America." International Journal of Historical Archaeology 14, no. 4 (2010): 614–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10761-010-0123-9.
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Daniels-Higginbotham, Jennifer, Erin M. Gorden, Stephanie K. Farmer, et al. "DNA Testing Reveals the Putative Identity of JB55, a 19th Century Vampire Buried in Griswold, Connecticut." Genes 10, no. 9 (2019): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10090636.
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In 1990 in Griswold, Connecticut, archaeologists excavated a burial found in a “skull and crossbones” orientation. The lid of the 19th century coffin had brass tacks that spelled “JB55”, the initials of the person lying there and age at death. JB55 had evidence of chronic pulmonary infection, perhaps tuberculosis. It is possible that JB55 was deemed a vampire due to his disease, and therefore had to be “killed” by mutilating his corpse. In an attempt to reveal the identity of JB55, DNA testing was performed. Ancestry informative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis using the Precision ID Ancestry Panel indicated European ancestry. A full Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) profile was obtained, belonging to haplogroup R1b. When the Y-STR profile was searched in the publicly accessible FamilyTreeDNA R1b Project website, the two closest matches had the surname “Barber”. A search of historical records led to a death notice mentioning John Barber, whose son Nathan Barber was buried in Griswold in 1826. The description of Nathan Barber closely fits the burial of “NB13,” found near JB55. By applying modern forensic DNA tools to a historical mystery, the identity of JB55 as John Barber, the 19th century Connecticut vampire, has been revealed.
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БОЙКО, Ю. И. "Local features of the funeral and memorial ritual of the Southern Komi." ТРАДИЦИОННАЯ КУЛЬТУРА, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26158/tk.2019.20.1.009.
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В статье преимущественно на основе полевых материалов автора рассмотрены локальные особенности в комплексе похоронно-поминальной обрядности южных коми, проживающих в бассейнах рек Лузы и Летки в юго-западной части Республики Коми (Прилузский район). Анализ этнографических материалов по похоронно-поминальной обрядности южных коми показал, что наиболее значимыми для данного ритуала продолжают оставаться элементы, отражающие архаические представления о продолжении жизни умершего в загробном мире и тесно связанные с культом предков, по настоящее время сохраняющиеся в сознании людей. В похоронно-поминальной обрядности лузских коми выделяются такие особенности, как обычай «провожать покойника» на сороковой день, устанавливать рядом с могилами кормушки и домики для птиц, надмогильные конструкции в виде стола и скамеек. Обрядовый комплекс летских коми, возможно в силу лучшей сохранности, характеризуется наиболее яркой спецификой и включает в себя такие элементы, как передача родственникам «подарков от умершего», кормление скота перед выносом гроба, накрывание полотенцем крышки гроба, поминовение предков в усадьбе под растущим деревом. По настоящее время широко распространен обычай первой встречи, не зафиксированный у других групп коми-зырян. Оформление традиционных деревянных намогильных сооружений на кладбищах летских коми также отличается спецификой, проявляющейся в изготовлении памятников из ствола можжевельника. С влиянием старообрядческих традиций, вероятно, связаны такие особенности, как способ изготовления гроба «на шипах» и обряжение покойного в саван. Primarily on the basis of field research, the author of this article traces the local peculiarities of the cycle of funeral and memorial rites of the Luzsko-Letskiy Komi who live in the basins of the Luza and Letka Rivers in the southwestern part of the Komi Republic (in the Priluzsky Region). Analysis of this ethnographic material shows that the most significant parts of these rites reflect archaic ideas about the continuation of the life of the deceased in the afterlife and are closely related to the cult of ancestors that persists in people’s consciousness. Luzskiy Komi funeral and memorial rites feature bidding farewell to the deceased on the fortieth day; putting feeders and bird houses next to the graves, as well as tables and benches. The rites of the Letskiy Komi, possibly because of their better preservation, display clearer characteristics that include such elements as giving relatives “gifts from the deceased”, feeding the cattle before bringing out the coffin, covering the coffin lid with a towel, and commemorating ancestors under a growing tree in the homestead. The ritual of “first meeting”, widespread through the present day, is not observed among other groups of Komi (Zyrian). The form of Letskiy Komi traditional wooden grave monuments, specific to them, consists in making them out of the trunk of a juniper tree. Such features as the method of making of coffins “on thorns” and the ritual dressing of the deceased in a shroud are probably connected to the influence of Old Believers.
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Pfäffli, Heidi. "”När detta Lijf förgår / Ett Nytt jag igän får”. Daniel Hjulströms målningar i det Grotenfeltska gravkapellet i Jorois, Savolax, Finland." ICO Iconographisk Post. Nordisk tidskrift för bildtolkning – Nordic Review of Iconography, no. 3-4 (April 8, 2025): 7–41. https://doi.org/10.69945/20243-427719.
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“When this Life ends / A new one I will gain”. Daniel Hjulström’s paintings in the Grotenfelt family’s burial chapel in Jorois, Savonia, Finland Abstract: The article focuses on the Swedish artisan painter Daniel Hjulström (1703–1787) and his decorations in the Grotenfelt family’s burial chapel in Jorois, Northern Savonia (Finland). It was built in the 1770s (possibly in 1776) and its walls and ceiling were painted by Hjulström with a variety of plant motifs combined with quotations from the Bible. Five walls have representations of the four seasons – spring, summer, fall and two winter scenes. The visualisation of the shifts in nature parallels the phases of human life, from birth to adulthood and finally death, all underlined by appropriate Bible quotations. Hjulström also painted the inside of the coffin lid for Georg Johan Grotenfelt (1712–1764) with floral motifs and texts alluding to resurrection and eternal life. The author further explores the painter’s use of illustrations in pietistic, devotional books and their emblematic imagery in other of his works.The article also discusses the prerequisites and working conditions for artisan painters in Sweden-Finland during the latter part of the 18th century (until 1809 the same country). They were educated within a guild and assigned a variety of works, from the decoration of cupboards and chests for private homes to full-scale church interiors. Hjulström is a case in point. Born and educated in Sweden, he worked there in various churches, for instance the one in Dalby, Värmland, where he painted the gallery balustrade in 1737–1740. In 1747 he moved to Finland and painted altarpieces, ceilings, pulpits and gallery balustrades in various churches, as well as profane objects. From 1762 until 1786 he lived in Jorois, on an estate (Paajala/Örnevik) belonging to his patrons, the family Grotenfelt; the last year of his life he lived in Häyrilä, a nearby village.
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Jeppesen, Jens, and Marianne Schwartz. "Fornemt skrin – i en kvindegrav fra vikingetid." Kuml 56, no. 56 (2007): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kuml.v56i56.24679.
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A magnificent casket in a woman’s grave from the Viking AgeIn 2004 and 2006, Moesgård Museum excavated 21 Viking Age graves – 16 inhumation graves and five cremation graves – at Haldum Church, 20 km northwest of Århus in Eastern Jutland (fig. 1). All the graves with datable finds are from the 10th century; only one example will be presented here.The grave is a simple inhumation burial. The skeleton had completely disappeared and there were no signs of a coffin (fig. 2). About 40 cm from the western end of the grave base lay 16 glass beads scattered around over an area of about 20 x 30 cm. These comprised one red and one orange bead of opaque glass, one bead of white glass and 13 small beads of yellow glass. In the centre of the grave was a slate whetstone (fig. 3). At the eastern end was a concentration of iron fittings, and it soon became clear that these represented the remains of a casket.During excavation of the fittings a well-preserved lock turned up (fig. 4). One end of the lock’s cover plate terminates in a point with concave flared sides, while the other (broad) end divides into two prongs, between which a transverse, semicircular fitting has rusted fast. An iron band has been mounted across the pointed end; this is possibly a repair. The cover plate curves slightly along its length, which means that the lock must have been fitted on to a curved surface. The back of the lock is covered by a quadrangular plate. The distance between front and back plates is 15 mm, showing the thickness of the material within which the lock was fitted. On removing the back plate the lock construction can be seen; this is of well-known Viking Age type. It operates in such a way that the key – after having been placed into the keyhole – is pushed a little to the side so that it squeezes together the two springs of the bolt. The bolt is hereby disengaged and can be pulled back by means of a slide bar, which sits in continuation of the keyhole (fig. 5).The lock bolt is pushed into the above-mentioned, semicircular fitting. The latter comprises two plates separated by a c. 10 mm wide side piece, which gives the fitting the appearance of a small box. Three fittings of this type were found (fig. 6).Further to these components are edge and corner plates. The edge fittings all have the form of narrow, indented borders with small holes between the points. A fragment is shown lowermost on fig. 6. The corner plates have been bent back around the corner joints of the casket and are pointed at both sides.Certain other fittings were at first inexplicable. These mysterious pieces include three triangular fittings with small slide bars on their upper surface and 30 mm long bolts below (fig. 7). There are also fragments of some zip-like iron bands. These are slightly curved along their length and have a roof-shaped cross-section (fig. 8). Finally, there was a robust rivet with a square head, ingeniously worked with inwardly flared, tapered sides and crowned by a small boss.Wood imprints on the back of the fittings show that the casket was made of oak. The imprints were very useful when reconstructing the casket as they clearly show both the longitudinal direction of the wood and the depressions within it. There were imprints from a textile of coarse linen weave on the exterior of some of the edge fittings.It seems that the casket from Haldum had the same construction as the Bamberg casket (figs. 9 and 10). Each of the four sides of the Bamberg casket has, at its centre, a raised semicircular area covered by fittings. The exterior is decorated with a mask and there is a hole on the inside. The bolts of the lid presumably engaged with these holes when the casket was locked. Carved grooves in the wood under the ornamental plates of the lid lead out by way of the holes into the four semicircles. The semicircular fittings of the Haldum casket are, with regard to size and shape, completely identical to the mask fittings seen on the Bamberg casket. One of them is, as mentioned above, rusted to the lock, the bolt of which has been pushed into a hole on its inner surface. Consequently, its function is clear; it is also clear that the casket was locked when placed in the grave.The lid of the Bamberg casket is divided by ornamental bands into four triangular fields (fig. 11). In one of these fields (A), a T-shaped keyhole is apparent, and in continuation of this there is a slot for a slide bar. In the field opposite (C), there is a small hole and each of other fields (B and D) has a partly damaged slide-bar slot. We are so fortunate that the fittings surviving from the Haldum casket include slide bars, bolts and other lock parts that have been lost from the Bamberg casket.It is possible to place the lock and the various fittings from the Haldum casket in a square of the same dimensions as the lid of the Bamberg casket. In the fields created by arranging the zip-shaped fittings to form a diagonal cross, there is space for the lock and the three triangular fittings (fig. 11). The excavation photo in fig. 12 shows the three types of fittings in their original positions. In continuation of the keyhole, the lock has a small slide bar whereby the bolt was pushed into one of the semicircular fittings (side A). The forks of the lock plate extend down on either side of this fitting, demonstrating that there was a central depression in the four sides of lid in order to accommodate the semicircular fittings, as seen on the Bamberg casket. In the triangular fitting, which was located opposite the lock (side C), there is also a small slide bar but no slot in which it could move. Similarly, the wood imprint on the back shows that there was no depression to allow a bolt to be pushed back and forth. On the corresponding side of the lid of the Bamberg casket, the carved depression for the bolt is less marked than on the other sides. On the two remaining triangular fittings from the Haldum casket, the slide bars are located in 15 mm long slots (sides B and D). On the reverse, clear depressions are seen in the wood imprint in which the bolts were slid back and forth (fig. 13). If the fittings are arranged in this way, all the pieces show the same longitudinal direction of the wood imprints on their reverse. This indicates that the casket lid was made from one piece of wood.As is apparent from the carvings on the Bamberg casket, the slide bars of the closing mechanism were located close to the centre of the lid. The hidden grooves for the bolts run from here, under the ornamental plates, and emerge at the edge of the lid. Apparently, the Haldum casket did not have ornamental plates screening the grooves for the bolts. As a consequence, the triangular fittings with the slide bars were placed close to the edge of the lid so that they met the semicircular fittings. In this way it was only necessary to have short grooves for the bolts, and these were covered by the fittings.The way in which the lid and the casket are fitted to one another, together with the absence of hinges, indicates that the lid was loose and was lifted completely off in order to open the box. The bolt opposite the lock (side C) was permanently pushed forwards and was the first to be pushed into the matching semicircular fitting, after which the lid was tilted down into place. After this, the two bolts at the sides (B and D) were extended to keep the lid fastened. Finally, the lock’s bolt was pushed into place and the casket was then locked.By observing the curvature of the striker plate, the triangular fittings, the zip-shaped fittings and some of the edge fittings, which have a curved cross-section, it is possible to reconstruct the shape of the lid (see fig. 10). Its height was c. 45 mm. The rivet must have marked the centre of the lid, corresponding to the cruciform fitting on the lid of the Bamberg casket.The body of the Bamberg casket was assembled by pushing the end surface of one side against the side surface of the next. The wood imprints on the corner plates of the Haldum casket show that the same technique was also used here. It is apparent from these wood imprints, as well as the distance between front and back of the semicircular fittings, that the sides were about 10 mm thick. The wood imprints on the inner side of the semicircular fittings show that the tree rings on the side pieces ran vertically. Had they run horizontally, this would have rendered these curves a weak point.The surviving remains of the Haldum casket show a surprising similarity to the Bamberg casket. There is, however, nothing to indicate that the casket from Haldum was as magnificently decorated, but the now completely vanished oak wood casket may possibly have been decorated with both carvings and paintings. Furthermore, the casket originally had edge fittings greater than 3 mm in width which, in themselves, would also have constituted considerable ornamentation. This fact became evident from construction of the replica (fig. 14). The latter also confirmed the reconstruction of the Haldum casket and its complicated closing mechanism.The Haldum find shows that the Bamberg casket, with its special construction, is not unique, and two further finds kept at Danmark’s National Museum indicate that caskets of this type were perhaps more widespread than previously assumed. One is a cruciform fitting of gilt bronze (fig. 15). The four transepts end in stylised animal heads, and at the centre is a hemispherical raised area. At the centre of the lid of the Bamberg casket there is a cruciform fitting also with animal heads at the ends of the transepts, and in the middle sits a hemispherical rock crystal (fig. 16). The similarity to the former fitting is striking, and it seems likely that the artefact represents a lid fitting for a casket of Bamberg type. The other artefact is a cruciform fitting of sheet bronze with open-work sections between the limbs of the cross and a circular hole at its centre (fig. 17). The fitting is part-finished and of the same type as the first mentioned, but a somewhat different variant. The two fittings were found in an old ford across Halleby Å in Western Zealand near the rich Viking Age settlement at Tissø. They were recovered together with the remains of a tool chest.The grave in which the Haldum casket was found is presumed to be that of a woman because beads and small locked caskets are typical woman’s equipment in Viking Age graves. However, such grave goods have also been found in a few cases in men’s graves. The whetstone gives no indication of the sex of the deceased because this type of artefact was commonly included as grave goods in both men’s and women’s graves. The great similarity of Haldum casket to the Bamberg casket dates the grave to the second half of the 10th century.The style of the Bamberg casket indicates that it was produced in Denmark or Southern Scandinavia. Recently, however, attention has been drawn to the fact that the Mammen style also appears over a wider area. Finds from areas where the Vikings settled outside Scandinavia– from The British Isles to Russia – indicate that craft work in the Mammen style could also have been produced there. The finding of the Haldum casket does, however, add weight to the conclusion that the Bamberg casket was produced in Denmark. This is also the case for the two fittings from Halleby Å if the interpretation presented here is correct. However, whether boxes of this type were produced in one particular place or are the work of one or more travelling craftsmen remains to be ascertained.Jens JeppesenMarianne SchwartzMoesgård Museum
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Вайман, Дмитрий Игоревич. "Funeral “Shpruchs” in the Tradition of Russian Germans." ТРАДИЦИОННАЯ КУЛЬТУРА, no. 2 (August 14, 2021): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26158/tk.2021.22.2.013.
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В статье на основе полевых материалов рассматриваются особенности траурных шпрухов российских немцев. Основными источниками исследования стали материалы, собранные в немецких поселениях Урала и Сибири. Изучению траурных шпрухов предшествует исторический экскурс, раскрывающий некоторые особенности традиции шпрухов - цитат из религиозных текстов, пословиц и назиданий - в культуре российских немцев. Траурные цитаты рассматриваются как часть широкой традиции шпрухов, как культурное явление российских немцев. Траурные шпрухи представлены текстами в письмах, уведомляющих о смерти человека и предстоящих похоронах, текстами на крышке гроба и венках. Для траурных цитат была характерна своя стилистика оформления. Изначально тексты были выполнены на немецком языке готическим шрифтом. В локальных сюжетах тексты сопровождаются изображениями креста, ангелов. В некотором смысле и сам текст можно считать своеобразной формой украшения. К середине второй половины XX в. происходит постепенный отход от традиционной графики и переход в цитировании на русский язык. Большая часть шпрухов связана с религиозной тематикой. Прежде всего, это выдержки или прямые цитаты из Библии, кроме того, пословицы и иные высказывания. Траурные цитаты ориентируются на христианское понимание жизни и смерти. В текстах находят отражение представления, связанные с устоявшимися общественными, этическими нормами. This article examines the funeral “shpruchs” (Ger. Sprüche, Rus. shprukhi) of the Russian Germans based on field materials collected in the German settlements in the Urals and Siberia. Shpruchs - short quotations from religious texts, proverbs and edificatory material - used in mourning are part of a long tradition among Russian Germans. They appear in letters announcing a person’s death and upcoming funeral and in texts on the coffin lid and wreaths. Funeral shpruchs have their own special design. In some contexts, the texts are accompanied by images of the cross and angels. In a sense, shpruchs themselves can be considered a form of decoration. Initially shpruchs were written in German in Gothic script; by the last quarter of the 20 th century, there was a gradual departure from traditional graphics and a transition to citation in Russian. Most funerary shpruchs are on religious themes. Predominantly, they are excerpts or direct quotations from the Bible, often proverbs. Mourning shpruchs focus on the Christian understanding of life and death and reflect well-established social and ethical norms.
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Oh, Dongsun. "Establishment and Development of the Yeongsangang River Basin Jar Coffins." Korean Archaeological Society 2024, no. 4 (2024): 685–717. https://doi.org/10.47439/jkras.2024.4.685.
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This paper aims to archaeologically identify the establishment and developmental process of jar coffins, which are the traditional tombs of the Yeongsangang River basin during the Three Kingdoms period. The establishment of the jar coffin was judged to have occurred in the Miho River basin in the 3rd century. The Miho River basin and Seosanarea acted as a transportation hub connecting the Asan Bay area and Byeon·Jinhan, and functioned as thus until the Baekje Hanseong period. During this process, large jars from the Byeon·Jinhan area were introduced into the Asan Bay area, and the influence of this led tothe creation of the earliest Type I jar coffin of the Miho River basin. This type spread to the Yeongsangang River basin and developed into the typical TypeI jar coffin in the Gochang Asan-myeon area in the late 3rd century. The development of the jar coffin is characterized by changes in form and a shrinking distribution range. By the fourth quarter of the 4th century, the stage of the ⅠType jar coffin, it was widely distributed in the Mahan·Baekje region. In the first quarter of the 5th century, the ⅡB type jar coffin appeared, its distribution limited to the Yeongsangang River basin and developed into the jar coffin tomb. In the second quarter of the 5th century, the Ⅲ Type jar coffin appeared, the distribution of which was limited to the middle Yeongsangang River basin. In the fourth quarter of the 5thcentury, the process of social integration resulted in the standardization of the form of the ⅢType jar coffin, but the distribution of this type was reduced even further, before disappearing around the first half of the second quarter of the 6th century. The Naju Dasi-myeon and Bannam-myeon indigenous groups, the centers of jar coffin production, differed in political orientation. The Dasi-myeon group was more receptive to foreign cultures, while the Bannam-myeon adhered strongly to the tradition of jar coffins. This was a result of the geographical importance of the Dasi-myeon region overlapping with Baekje’s desire to subjugate the Yeongsangang River basin.
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Jaramillo, J., A. E. Bustillo, E. C. Montoya, and C. Borgemeister. "Biological control of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) by Phymastichus coffea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Colombia." Bulletin of Entomological Research 95, no. 5 (2005): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ber2005378.
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AbstractThe potential of the eulophid parasitoid Phymastichus coffea LaSalle to control coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) populations under field conditions in Colombia was evaluated. Parasitoid adults were released one, five and nine days after artificial infestations of 90-, 150- and 210-day-old coffee berries with H. hampei females. The position of the beetle inside the berry and the parasitism levels were assessed ten days after each P. coffea release. Parasitism of H. hampei by P. coffea was significantly affected by the age of the berries at the time of infestation, and by the position of the beetle inside the berries. Highest levels of parasitism were recorded in 150-day-old berries (75–85%) and in 90-day-old berries (75%) when P. coffea were released one day after the artificial infestation with H. hampei. In 150-day-old berries, highest levels of parasitism were recorded for H. hampei found in the outer layer of the endosperm followed by beetles penetrating the exocarp. Increasing the time of P. coffea releases after the artificial infestations with H. hampei led to decreased levels of parasitism in beetles attacking 90- and 150-day-old coffee berries. Low levels of parasitism were recorded in H. hampei females infesting older coffee berries because most of the beetles had already constructed galleries deep in the endosperm of the berries, i.e. out of reach of the parasitoid. The potential of P. coffea for biological control of coffee berry borer in Colombia is discussed.
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Benavides, Pablo, Zulma Nancy Gil, Luis Eduardo Escobar, Lucio Navarro-Escalante, Peter Follett, and Hilda Diaz-Soltero. "Pilot Testing of an Area-Wide Biological Control Strategy against the Coffee Berry Borer in Colombia Using African Parasitoids." Insects 14, no. 11 (2023): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14110865.
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The coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari, 1867) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), native to Africa, is a major global insect pest of coffee. It has invaded many coffee production areas around the world that do not have natural enemies. In this study, two African parasitoids, Prorops nasuta Waterston (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and Phymastichus coffea Waterston (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), were mass-reared for field release against H. hampei in Chinchiná, Colombia. More than 1.5 million wasps of each species were released on a 61-hectare coffee farm in replicated plots, resulting in parasitism rates of up to 7.7% for P. nasuta and 56.3% for P. coffea. This led to a maximum reduction in H. hampei field populations of 81% from dispersal coffee plots (old coffee crops before plant stumping) and 64.3% in colonization coffee plots (new coffee crops with active growing and fruiting plants) within the farm. As a result of this area-wide strategy, the percentage of CBB-infested coffee berries in colonization coffee plots decreased from 51.1 to 77.5% compared to coffee plots without parasitoid releases. This approach offers a promising alternative to the use of chemical insecticides and could be integrated into current pest management programs to control H. hampei.
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Tenzel, David P., Howard J. Loff, and Richard R. Tenzel. "Dacryocystorhinostomy Use of a “Coffee Can Lid” Stent." Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 7, no. 2 (1991): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002341-199106000-00007.
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Poncet, V., P. Hamon, J. Minier, C. Carasco, S. Hamon, and M. Noirot. "SSR cross-amplification and variation within coffee trees (Coffea spp.)." Genome 47, no. 6 (2004): 1071–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g04-064.
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Primer sets were developed from 85 Coffea arabica sequences in addition to 25 already published primer sets. They were subsequently used for amplification in six African Coffea species: Coffea canephora (CAN), Coffea eugenioides (EUG), Coffea heterocalyx (HET), Coffea liberica (LIB), Coffea sp. Moloundou (MOL) and Coffea pseudozanguebariae (PSE). The amplification percentages for these 110 primer pairs ranged from 72.7% for LIB to 86.4% for PSE. Good transferability was thus obtained within the Coffea genus. When focusing on the two species CAN and PSE, high genetic diversity, high polymorphic locus rates (above 80%) and a mean allele number per polymorphic locus of more than 3 were noted. The estimated null allele percentage was –11% for PSE and –9% for CAN. Sixty three percent (CAN) and 79.5% (PSE) of the fixation index (Fis) values were positive. The within-species polymorphism information content (PIC) distribution showed two modes for both species. Although the two species shared 30 polymorphic loci, no correlation between CAN and PSE PIC values was obtained. All of these data are discussed in relation to the polymorphism level and the potential use of these SSRs for subsequent analysis of genetic diversity or genetic mapping.Key words: microsatellite, Coffea, transferability, genetic diversity.
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Magalhães, S. T. V., R. N. C. Guedes, A. J. Demuner, and E. R. Lima. "Effect of coffee alkaloids and phenolics on egg-laying by the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella." Bulletin of Entomological Research 98, no. 5 (2008): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485308005804.
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AbstractThe recognized importance of coffee alkaloids and phenolics mediating insect-plant interactions led to the present investigation aiming to test the hypothesis that the phenolics chlorogenic and caffeic acids and the alkaloid caffeine and some of its derivatives present in coffee leaves affect egg-laying by the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera (=Perileucoptera) coffeella (Guérin-Méneville & Perrottet) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), one of the main coffee pests in the Neotropical region. These phytochemicals were, therefore, quantified in leaves from 12 coffee genotypes and their effect on the egg-laying preference by the coffee leaf miner was assessed. Canonical variate analysis and partial canonical correlation provided evidence that increased leaf levels of caffeine favour egg-laying by the coffee leaf miner. An egg-laying preference bioassay was, therefore, carried out to specifically test this hypothesis using increasing caffeine concentrations sprayed on leaves of one of the coffee genotypes with the lowest level of this compound (i.e. Hybrid UFV 557-04 generated from a cross between Coffea racemosa Lour. and C. arabica L.). The results obtained allowed the recognition of a significant concentration-response relationship, providing support for the hypothesis that caffeine stimulates egg-laying by the coffee leaf miner in coffee leaves.
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VINECKY, F., F. DAVRIEUX, A. C. MERA, et al. "Controlled irrigation and nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium fertilization affect the biochemical composition and quality of Arabica coffee beans." Journal of Agricultural Science 155, no. 6 (2016): 902–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859616000988.
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SUMMARYControlled irrigation during the dry period associated with adequate nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) fertilization led to the accumulation of biochemical compounds in coffee beans considered as positive precursors of beverage quality. Adult plants of coffee (Coffea arabica ‘Rubi’) were cultivated using different water regimes (WR) and fertilization conditions under the dry climate of the Brazilian Cerrado. Coffee-bean physical characteristics were evaluated as well as biochemical composition by near-infrared analysis. The K treatment mostly affected bean biochemistry, lipid and chlorogenic acid (CGA) contents, which increased with increasing amounts of fertilizer. Caffeine contents increased with higher amounts of N, but no significant effects of P treatment on bean biochemical composition were observed. Sucrose and total lipid contents always appeared higher in beans of non-irrigated plants than those beans from plants grown with continuous irrigation. In contrast, caffeine and CGA contents were higher in beans of irrigated as compared with non-irrigated plants. For the first time, the current results showed that controlled management of irrigation during the dry period associated with reasonable NPK fertilization led to the accumulation of biochemical compounds in coffee beans considered as positive precursors of beverage quality.
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Quyen, Dang Hoang, Vu Thuy Duong, and Pham Nguyen Duc Hoang. "Propagating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with coffee plant by using the herbaceous host." ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 8, no. 1 (2020): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46223/hcmcoujs.tech.en.8.1.338.2018.
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Coffee (Coffea spp.) is one of important industrial crops. Additionally, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provide many benefits for plants such as increasing nutrient uptake, enhancing tolerance in drought and stress
 condition, etc. Therefore, preservation and propagation of AMF spores collected from coffee’s rhizosphere are necessary for coffee cultivation. The AMF preservation on coffee plant is not feasible because coffee is a long-term plants, which led to study on symbiotic ability of AMF on several short-term host plants (maize (Zea mays), plantain (Plantago spp.), rice (Oryza sativa), beggarticks (Bidens pilosa), and bahia grass (Pensacola bahia)) to maintain AM association. Investigation of symbiosis ability with four types of AMF spores showed that maize had the highest rate of fungal infection. The total number of AMF spore per 50g soil after 3 months of inoculation on maize reached 352 spores, which was 4.1 times higher than that of the origin while the lowest figure recorded in bahia grass is with only 2.3 times.
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Yuniarta, Tegar Achsendo, and Rosita Handayani. "Initial Investigation of the Potential of Robusta Coffee, Arabica Coffee, and Caffeine in Asthma Treatment through the Evaluation of 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibition Activity." Borneo Journal of Pharmacy 7, no. 1 (2024): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/bjop.v7i1.4448.
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Numerous studies have documented the potential of coffee to aid in asthma prevention. Nevertheless, research into how coffee influences asthma management has not been available. One known mechanism by which asthma medications work involves inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activity. This study aims to determine the potency of Coffea canephora var. Robusta extract (CRE), Coffea arabica extract (CAE), and caffeine are the primary isolates against 5-LOX activity. Extraction was performed by a reflux procedure using 96% ethanol with a sample-total solvent ratio of 1 : 10, an extraction time of 1 hour, and the extraction was conducted in triplicate. Fractionation was carried out by liquid-liquid partition using a chloroform-water system. Caffeine further purification was performed by the sublimation method, and the inhibition of 5-LOX activity was evaluated using the spectrophotometric method at λ = 234 nm. Apigenin was used as a positive control. From the experiment conducted, the IC50 of the CRE, CAE, caffeine, and apigenin against 5-LOX was 32.2 ± 1.4, 42.1 ± 2.3, 14.3 ± 1.6, and 7.4 ± 1.7 µg/mL, respectively. Continued efforts to isolate bioactive compounds from coffee extract led to the discovery of caffeine, which exhibited a more potent inhibitory effect on 5-LOX. The inhibition of 5-LOX activity by caffeine occurs in a non-competitive manner.
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Salas López, Rolando, Darwin Gómez Fernández, Jhonsy O. Silva López, et al. "Land Suitability for Coffee (Coffea arabica) Growing in Amazonas, Peru: Integrated Use of AHP, GIS and RS." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 11 (2020): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9110673.
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Peru is one of the world’s main coffee exporters, whose production is driven mainly by five regions and, among these, the Amazonas region. However, a combined negative factor, including, among others, climate crisis, the incidence of diseases and pests, and poor land-use planning, have led to a decline in coffee yields, impacting on the family economy. Therefore, this research assesses land suitability for coffee production (Coffea arabica) in Amazonas region, in order to support the development of sustainable agriculture. For this purpose, a hierarchical structure was developed based on six climatological sub-criteria, five edaphological sub-criteria, three physiographical sub-criteria, four socio-economic sub-criteria, and three restrictions (coffee diseases and pests). These were integrated using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS). Of the Amazonas region, 11.4% (4803.17 km2), 87.9% (36,952.27 km2) and 0.7% (295.47 km2) are “optimal”, “suboptimal” and “unsuitable” for the coffee growing, respectively. It is recommended to orient coffee growing in 912.48 km2 of territory in Amazonas, which presents “optimal” suitability for coffee and is “unsuitable” for diseases and pests. This research aims to support coffee farmers and local governments in the region of Amazonas to implement new strategies for land management in coffee growing. Furthermore, the methodology used can be applied to assess land suitability for other crops of economic interest in Andean Amazonian areas.
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Julca-Otiniano, Alberto, Leonel Alvarado-Huamán, Viviana Castro-Cepero, et al. "New Races of Hemileia vastatrix Detected in Peruvian Coffee Fields." Agronomy 14, no. 8 (2024): 1811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081811.
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Coffee leaf rust (CLR), a fungal disease caused by Hemileia vastatrix, represents Peru’s most significant threat to coffee production. The CLR epidemic (2012–2013) led Peru to implement an emergency plan under which coffee plantations underwent renewal using rust-resistant varieties derived from a Timor hybrid (HDT; Coffea arabica × canephora hybrid) like Catimors. Nevertheless, new pathogenic rust races capable of infecting these varieties have been recorded. Eighteen rust samples from coffee genotypes, such as Caturra, Typica, and Catimor, were collected in various Peruvian regions and sent to CIFC/ISA/UL (Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro/Instituto Superior de Agronomia/Universidade de Lisboa) in Portugal for race characterization. Assessing the virulence spectra of rust samples on a set of 27 coffee differentials resulted in the identification of 5 known and 2 new races. This study emphasizes the significance of conducting surveys on the diversity of H. vastatrix races in Peru for effective disease management. Moreover, Catimor lines, widely cultivated in coffee-growing countries, are susceptible to the 2 new races and to races XXXIV and XXXV identified in this study. Thus, coffee farmers need to know the resistance spectrum of new varieties before introducing them to CLR-affected regions.
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Winston, EC, M. Hoult, CJ Howitt, and RK Shepherd. "Ethylene-induced fruit ripening in arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 3 (1992): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920401.
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The effects of ethephon on arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) were tested in experiments conducted over 2 years in North Queensland. Rates tested were 0, 125, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, and 2000 mgkg, applied when 15-20% (early treatment) or 45-50% (late treatment) of fruit were coloured. Measurements were made on the degree of leaf and fruit abscission, berry ripening, and berry weight. Ethephon did not cause significant fruit abscission, but rates >500 mg/kg caused unacceptable leaf abscission. Rates of 250 mg/kg were marginally acceptable in terms of leaf abscission. Excessive defoliation led to dieback, which resulted in a reduced crop the following season. Ethephon concentrated berry ripening, significantly increased the number of red (mature) berries, and decreased the number of green (immature) berries. Rates of >500 mg/kg were effective in accelerating berry ripening, while 125 mg/kg had a limited effect. Maturity stage of the bean at time of application helped to determine the ethephon response; early application of ethephon had a more pronounced effect on berry ripening than late application. Ethephon applied early at rates of 1500 and 2000 mg/kg decreased fresh berry weight compared with all other treatments but parchment weight was unaffected. Selection of a suitable rate of ethephon from these data is difficult because berry ripening is offset by leaf drop. Variability of response was also observed.
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Rutherford, Mike A. "Current Knowledge of Coffee Wilt Disease, a Major Constraint to Coffee Production in Africa." Phytopathology® 96, no. 6 (2006): 663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-96-0663.
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Coffee is vital to the economy of East and Central Africa, providing a major source of foreign exchange earnings and, as a cash crop, supporting the livelihoods of millions involved in cultivation, processing, marketing, and export. Coffee wilt disease (CWD), attributed to Gibberella xylarioides (Fusarium xylarioides), has caused losses to coffee production in Africa since 1927 but has been largely contained through the use of host resistance and in some instances wide-scale sanitation practices. A reemergence of CWD on Coffea canephora (Robusta coffee) in Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Tanzania has already led to heavy losses and threatens future production in these countries and elsewhere in the region. The relevance of CWD is all the more pertinent given the impact of a considerable fall in world coffee prices over the last decade. Recent research has clarified the extent of the problem in the region and revealed a low level of diversity within the pathogen, suggesting that two genetically and biologically distinct forms are responsible for current problems. These findings and related research and development initiatives undertaken under the auspices of the Regional Coffee Wilt Programme are of fundamental importance in providing an urgently needed solution to this devastating disease.
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abd el salam, tony. "Unpublished, Anthropoid Wooden Coffin's lid at Kom Ousheim's Storeroom in Fayoum." International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Studies 6, no. 2 (2024): 47–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ijthsx.2024.272479.1080.
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Nobre, Millena Mara Rabelo, Ananias Freire da Silva, Amanda Maria Menezes, et al. "Ester Production Using the Lipid Composition of Coffee Ground Oil (Coffea arabica): A Theoretical Study of Eversa® Transform 2.0 Lipase as an Enzymatic Biocatalyst." Compounds 3, no. 3 (2023): 411–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/compounds3030031.
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The scientific community recognizes coffee grounds (Coffea arabica) as an important biological residue, which led to using the Eversa® Transform 2.0 lipase as an in silico enzymatic catalyst for coffee grounds’ free fatty acids (FFA). Molecular modeling studies, including molecular docking, were performed, which revealed the structures of the lipase and showed the primary interactions between the ligands and the amino acid residues in the active site of the enzyme. Of the ligands tested, 6,9-methyl octadienoate had the best free energy of −6.1 kcal/mol, while methyl octadecenoate and methyl eicosanoate had energies of −5.7 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamics confirmed the stability of the bonds with low Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) values. The MMGBSA study showed that methyl octadecenoate had the best free energy estimate, and CASTp identified key active sites for potential enzyme immobilization in experimental studies. Overall, this study provides efficient and promising results for future experimental investigations, showing a classification of oils present in coffee grounds and their binding affinity with Eversa.
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Anoldo, Laura, Claudia Triolo, Saverio Panarello, et al. "Study of the Thermomechanical Strain Induced by Current Pulses in SiC-Based Power MOSFET." IEEE Electron Device Letters 42, no. 7 (2021): 1089–92. https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2021.3077064.
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Power SiC MOSFETs are going to substitute Si devices by to their significantly better performances that make them much suitable in power switching applications such as electric/hybrid vehicles. The increasingly use of these devices in critical mission profiles requires an ever-higher reliability, whereas the increase of the dissipated power during high-speed working cycling due to short current pulses leads to unavoidable thermal and mechanical stress. Here, we propose a direct method to evaluate the mechanical stress due to current pulses. This method highlights that high Power SiC-based MOSFET undergoes to almost two different thermomechanical processes with completely different time scale. The results allow a link between the thermo-mechanical stress and the device failure conditions, with special focus on the current pulses effects on metal surface, as this is a main power devices weakness.
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Choi, Jung-Bum. "A look into of Beida Ancient Tombs Balhae in Helong City, Jilin Province." Central Institute of Cultural Heritage 42 (October 31, 2023): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20292/jcich.2023.42.67.
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The Beida Ancient Tombs, situated in Baijazi, Helong, Jilin Province, is on the northern bank of the Hailan River, approximately 5 km southwest of Xigucheng. The tombs primarily exhibit a lateral crypt (vaulted) burial style with stone chambers and enclosures. However, some instances of stone-walled earthen mounds have been identified.
 The interred individuals were either buried in wooden coffins or directly into a platform. While there is evidence of structures for placing a coffin, commonly, the natural ground surface was utilized without alteration. Meanwhile, within individual tombs, additional burials took place over a long period. It is noteworthy that individuals were laid to rest in different ways. While artifact excavation was not abundant due to simple funerals, the central chronological period has been ascertained to span from the pre-8th century to the mid of that century through cross-dating methods involving Chinese ceramics, bronze mirrors, and Tang-style metal belts.
 The Beida Ancient Tombs are predominantly stone-built and the prevalence of excavated foreign artifacts is the highest among the Balhae tombs. In particular, given its symmetrical alignment with the Longtoushan graveyard, particularly centered around Xigucheng, the construction of the Beida Ancient Tombs was influenced by the funerary grounds of officials closely connected to the central capital of Balhae Jungkyung hyundeokbu.
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N. Kamble, Nikhil, and Gunavant K. Kate. "Cradle-to-Gate Life Cycle Assessment of Compostable Coffee Lids." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 9 (2023): 1601–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr23919195433.
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Firmansyah, Erick, and Arif Umami. "Potential of Intercropping of Oil Palm (E. guineensis Jacq.) and Liberica Coffee (C. liberica L.): A Case Study in Smallholder Plantation." Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology 5, no. 2 (2021): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32530/jaast.v5i2.22.
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Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) has become the main plantation commodity in Indonesia. Climate change phenomena and competitiveness fluctuation of palm oil commodities have led to increased need for optimized land productivity while maintaining sustainability. This research aimed to study the potential of oil palm intercropping with liberica coffee (Coffea liberica L.) in several smallholder oil palm plantations in Riau Province, Sumatera Island, Indonesia. Measurements in the middle of the non-harvesting path of oil palm showed the age of oil palm is directly proportional to the difference between air and soil temperature and relative humidity under canopy. Oil palm roots were dominantly distributed vertically in solum 0 - 30 cm and always dominant compared to coffee at all horizontal distances observed. While the dominant root coffee distribution was in solum 31 - 60 cm. Analysis results show the tap roots extend no further than 30-45 cm below the soil surface. It was known that oil palm roots are dominantly distributed at a distance of 2-3 m from the trunk while the coffee roots are dominantly distributed at a distance of 1-2 m from the trunk. Analysis of oil palm yields in the intercropping system showed no significant decrease compared to monocropping systems with relatively the same age and production input. Coffee production per tree has decreased by 25-30% compared to the average production in monocropping systems.
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Pranata, Novie, and Fakhrusy Zakariyya. "Growth Response of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora L.) Seedlings to Exogenous Salicylic Acid Application." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 37, no. 3 (2021): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v37i3.488.
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To accelerate growth performance of Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) seedling could be conducted through the application of exogenous plant hormone.Salicylic acid is one of plant hormones that widely applied to increase the plant growth for several plants, however, for coffee was still relative limited. This studywas aimed to determine the effect of salicylic acid on the growth of Robusta coffee seedlings which research was conducted at Indonesian Coffee and CocoaResearch Institute (ICCRI), Jember, East Java. This experiment was set using split plot design with three replications. The main plot was clones, which were BP 308and Sintaro clones. The seedlings were propagated from rooted cuttings. The subplot was the concentration of exogenous salicylic acid, that were control,0.6 mM, 1.2 mM, and 1.8 mM. The result demonstrated that BP 308 clone had higher rooting performance than Sintaro clone that shown by the higher rootvolume, root dry mass, and root/shoot ratio. In general, the application of salicylic acid could enhance the growth of Robusta coffee seedling. The application of 0.6 mMsalicylic acid increased plant growth of coffee seedlings. There was different response to concentration of application salicylic acid for both clones. The application of 0.6 mM salicylic acid could increase plant growth of BP 308, includeplant height, leaf area, stem dry mass, leaf dry mass, root/shoot ratio and total dry mass. Meanwhile, on Sintaro clone, application of 1.2 mM salicylic acid couldincrease leaf area, stem, leaf and total dry mass. The application of salicylic acid more than 1.2 mM led to detrimental effect of coffee seedlings.
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Mohammed Kedir, Obsa Atnafu, and Ewnetu Teshale Meseret Nugusie. "Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Agronomic Growth and Soil Properties of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) at Jimma, Southwestern Ethiopia." International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review 9, no. 1 (2021): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcrar.2021.901.008.
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A field experiment was conducted at Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Agaro Agricultural Research Sub Center, southwestern Ethiopia for five consecutive cropping seasons from 2015/16 to 2019/20 to evaluate effect of organic (conventional compost) and inorganic NP fertilizers on agronomic growth and soil properties of coffee (Coffea arabica L.). The treatments consisted of 100% recommended decomposed coffee husk alone, 100% recommended NP rate alone, 100% of NP + 25% of compost (DCH), 75% of NP + 50% of compost (DCH), 50% of NP + 50% of compost (DCH), 50% of NP + 75% of compost (DCH), 25% of NP + 75% of compost (DCH), 25% of NP + 100% of compost (DCH) and Control (without input, farmers’ practice). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Higher yield of clean coffee yield was obtained from the application of 50% dose of nitrogen and phosphorous from inorganic fertilizer sources and 50% dose of decomposed coffee husk (2083.5kg ha-1) while the lowest clean coffee yield (1570.5kg ha-1) was obtained from no application of fertilizers. Application of organic fertilizers (compost) with inorganic fertilizers gave statistically similar yield components to NP fertilizer alone for five years. Significant differences (p>0.05) due to soil nutrient sources were observed in coffee height where inorganic fertilizer treatment resulted in tallest coffee plants (348.23 cm) and no application of nutrients having the shortest coffee trees (200.49 cm) after two year. Lower yield and yield components of Limu1 coffee were achieved from no application of organic and inorganic fertilizer sources. In conclusion, organic fertilizers (conventional compost) alone cannot provide a viable substitute for inorganic fertilizer without causing a significant yield. Therefore, integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers was recommended for coffee production at Jimma, southwestern Ethiopia and other similar agro ecology.
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Mutz, Yhan S., Samara Mafra Maroum, Leticia L. G. Tessaro, et al. "Effectiveness of an E-Nose Based on Metal Oxide Semiconductor Sensors for Coffee Quality Assessment." Chemosensors 13, no. 1 (2025): 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13010023.
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Coffee quality, which ultimately is reflected in the beverage aroma, relies on several aspects requiring multiple approaches to check it, which can be expensive and/or time-consuming. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and calibrate an electronic nose (e-nose) coupled with chemometrics to approach coffee-related quality tasks. Twelve different metal oxide sensors were employed in the e-nose construction. The tasks were (i) the separation of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora species, (ii) the distinction between roasting profiles (light, medium, and dark), and (iii) the separation of expired and non-expired coffees. Exploratory analysis with principal component analysis (PCA) pointed to a fair grouping of the tested samples according to their specification, indicating the potential of the volatiles in grouping the samples. Moreover, a supervised classification employing soft independent modeling of class analogies (SIMCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) led to great results with accuracy above 90% for every task. The performance of each model varies with the specific task, except for the LS-SVM models, which presented a perfect classification for all tasks. Therefore, combining the e-nose with distinct classification models could be used for multiple-purpose classification tasks for producers as a low-cost, rapid, and effective alternative for quality assurance.
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Dishan, Mariathas A. "Field Evaluation of Different Coffee Cultivars (Coffea sp.) against the Infestation of Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari)." International Journal of Entomological Research 6, no. 2 (2018): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/entomol.006.02.2439.
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One of the major constraints to coffee production throughout the world is the damage caused by the Coffee Berry Borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari). The first report of the occurrence of CBB appears to be that of 1935 in Rathnapura District in Sri Lanka. It is now prevalent in all areas, at varying degree of damage to both Arabica and Robusta coffee. Damage on coffee berries bribes in heavy losses on economical production of coffee in developing countries, including Sri Lanka. The objective of this study was to identify the infestation level of CBB in six selected coffee cultivars and to assess the CBB populations in coffee fields. Six selected coffee cultivars were, Catimour, S4711, HDT of Arabica species and IMY, CCI, BS5 of Robusta species. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design, with six treatments and three blocks. Damage severity was recorded on fifty-four tagged coffee plants. Ten branches were selected from a coffee plant where each branch contained more than fifty berries. Data were collected on the same berry cluster, during three months at weekly intervals. Starting from zero damaged berries, the diameter of coffee berry was measured by using a Vernier calliper (0.1mm). Ninety coffee berries were randomly selected from each of Arabica and Robusta for measurements. The data were recorded continuously during the three months at weekly intervals. The results showed that there were significant CBB damage differences among the coffee cultivars. Among the selected cultivars BS5 was the least damage by CBB and HDT was the most susceptible cultivar and S4711 was also found to be susceptible but to a lesser extent. CBB populations were high in Arabica field than in Robusta field. When the diameter of the coffee berry increase, the level of infestation of CBB also increases.
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Fauzi, Irfan, and Soekadar Wiryadiputra. "Population of Pratylenchus coffeae (Z.) and growth of Arabica coffee seedling inoculated by Pseudomonas diminuta L. and Bacillus subtilis (C.)." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 31, no. 1 (2015): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v31i1.77.
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AbstractPratylenchus coffeae is a parasitic nematoda that infected the roots of some plants, one of them is coffee. The Infection of Pratylenchus coffeae cause root tissue damage that led to root lession and make root become rotten, it will interfere the ability of roots to absorb water and nutrients in the soil which resulted in the growth of plants. At the moment, control of Pratylenchus coffeae are following integrated pests management (IPM) program, which integrated between the use of coffee resistant clone and application of biological agents. Research on biological control was conducted more intensive, at the moment; due to it is friendlier save against environment and cheaper then using chemical nematicides. The research was conducted to know the effects of Micorrhiza Helper Bacteria (MHB),Pseudomonas diminuta and Bacillus subtilis in suppressing the population of P. coffeaeas well as their effect on growth of coffee seedling. Coffee arabica (Coffea arabica L.) seedling one moth old were used in the experiment. The experiment prepared with eight treatments and five replications, as follows: A (Pseudomonas diminuta with density of 108 cfu / ml), B (Pseudomonas diminuta with density of 2x108 cfu / ml), C (Bacillus subtilis with density of 108 cfu / ml ), D (Bacillus subtilis with density 2x108 cfu / ml), E (Carbofuran nematicide 5 g formulation / pot), F (Pseudomonas diminuta and Bacillus subtilis with each density of 108 cfu / ml), K- (Nematoda inoculation but without bacteria and nematicide), K+ (coffee seedling without any additional treatment). The experiment was conducted for sixteen weeks or about four months. The results of the experiment showed that application of MHB could suppress population of P. coffeae and increase coffee seedling growth significantly. Inoculation of B. subtilis at 108 cfu per seedling suppressed significantly nematoda population of 71.3% compared with untreated seedling but inoculated with nematoda. It was not significant different with carbofuran treatment which could suppress nematoda population by 89.7%. The same result also occur on the treatment of P. diminuta at density level 2.108 cfu/seedling, which could suppress nematoda population by 64.2%. Seedling growth were treated with MHB also significantly increase compared with seedling without treatment and inoculation of nematodas, especially on the treatment of B.subtilis at density level 108 cfu and P.diminuta at density level of 108 cfu, with increasing level of 35.4% and 34.2 %, respectively.Keywords: MHB (Mycorrhiza Helper Bacteria), Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.), Pratylenchus coffeae, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas diminuta.
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Krisyanella, Krisyanella, Resva Meinisasti, Zamharira Muslim, Alfrida Monica Salasa, and Delta Baharyati. "The Comparison of the Sunscreen Activity of Ethanol Extracts and Fractions from Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora) Leaves using UV Spectrophotometer Method." Riset Informasi Kesehatan 12, no. 2 (2023): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.30644/rik.v12i2.813.
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Background: The development of sunscreen preparations has led to the use of natural ingredients as active substances. Robusta coffee leaves (Coffea canephora) contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and steroids. From previous research the SPF value of its ethanol extract at 150 ppm was 12,989 (Maximum protection). The sunscreen activity of its fractions need to be determined, to find out which one has the highest potential sunscreen activities
 Method: Sunscreen activity examination was carried out in vitro using a UV spectrophotometer. The concetntration of each fraction used was 150 ppm.
 Results: The N-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions have sunscreen activity with extra protective power, SPF values respectively were 6.006, 7.609, and 8.046. This activities arises from the content of flavonoids, phenolics and tannins. While the remaining water fraction has the lowest protective activity, with SPF value 3.985 and only contain tannin. Compared to Its ethanol extract, the ethanol extract has better sunscreen activit, because at a 150 ppm it has SPF value 12.989 (Maximum sunscreen activity)
 Conclusion: the sunscreen activity of this fraction is lower than its ethanol extract. The ethanol extract of robusta coffee leaves has more potential to be developed into a sunscreen preparation.
 Keywords: ; Robusta coffee leaves ; Fraction ; SPF Value
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Saab, Sammy, Divya Mallam, Gerald A. Cox, and Myron J. Tong. "Impact of coffee on liver diseases: a systematic review." Liver International 34, no. 4 (2013): 495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/liv.12304.
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