Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Coffrage (construction en béton)'
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Vanhove, Yannick. "Contribution à l'étude du frottement d'un béton autoplaçant contre une surface métallique : application aux poussées contre les coffrages." Artois, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ARTO0203.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to investigate the friction of fresh concrete with metallic formwork. A specially designed tribometer was developed to investigate such friction and was adapted for various types of concrete mixtures. The originality of this work lies mainly in the fact that it concerns a commonly used material for wich the friction against the forming surface has not been sufficiently investigated. A new approach is used in this study to predict the lateral pressure induced by the fresh concrete pressure. A particular interest is the formwork pressure exerted by highly flowable concrete, or self-compacting concrete. When the concrete is cast into place, a limit interface layer reduces the frictional stresses with the formwork material. When the pressure applied on the concrete is greater than a certain critical pressure, some of the cement particles and fines come into direct contact with the formwork material, and the concrete begins to follow a granular comportment. This leads to greater increase in friction stress which varies with the flow velocity between the rising fresh concrete and formwork material. When a demoulding agent is applied at the interface, the friction stress depends mainly on the physico-chimical characteristics of the resulting film of paste at the interface. In certain cases, these agents can maintain the integrity of the limit layer near the wall surface. This allows, during the flow of the plastic concrete, to reduce the friction at the wall compared to similar situation where a demoulding agent is not used. Well established models used for silos were used to predict the formwork pressure exerted by fresh concrete. Similary between the evolution of concrete pressure and ensiled granular mediums one was observed on site, though the strains are different. From these observations, several models derived from Janssen's model, have been proposed. The model adapted in the case of fresh concrete allows the prediction with satisfaction formwork pressure. This study can therefore enable the used of the designed tribometer to test a variety of material and placement parameters to predict formwork pressure instead of large-scale and often expensive field tests
Bouharoun, Samir. "Comportement tribologique des huiles de décoffrage à l'interface béton/coffrage : influence de la formulation du béton." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0209.
Full textIn a context where sustainable development has become a major priority, the companies in the building field must face to new requirements in terms of respect of the environment. In particular, during the concrete pouring, a mineral release agent, poorly biodegradable is currently used as separating layer non-stick. The nature of this oil creates significant risks of environmental pollution. New formulations of release agent of vegetable origin were developed.The appearance of this new product range requires a sufficient knowledge of their behavior at the interface concrete/release agent/formwork. This report contributes to the study the effect of the concrete composition on the tribological behavior at the interface concrete/formwork with two release agents of different nature (vegetable release agent and mineral release agent). The zone of concrete near the formwork was studied without release agents. First, the evolution of the density of the concrete at the approach of a wall was evaluated as a function of the contact pressure and the past volume. Then, a comprehensive analysis of this fresh layer was carried out to estimate the W/B ratio and the amount of paste mobilized close to the formwork. A physicochemical study was performed by reconstituting the interstitial medium of the interface concrete/release agent/formwork containing a different dosage of oil and superplasticizer. Several adapted techniques to these complex medium were used to evaluate the formation of soaps and to determine the stability of the obtained emulsions. This thesis ends with a study of the friction of fresh concrete against the formwork with and without release agent using a plan/plan tribometer. Many formulations of concrete are studied. The results were allowed to understand the mechanism of action of the fines element and the dosage of superplasticizer at the interfaces concrete/formwork and concrete/release agent/formwork. In the case of vegetable release agent, the soap formed from the esters and fatty acids contributes to reduce the friction by stabilizing the emulsion and organizing the interface. However, the presence of the superplasticizer is necessary to obtain a high performance for the mineral release agent
Spitz, Nicolas. "Développement d'un procédé frugal de démoulage in situ des parois de coffrage – Etude des signatures fonctionnelles des parois de coffrage." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0001.
Full textIn the civil engineering industry, the formwork oil spraying has become essential to avoid the concrete friction and adhesion on the formwork skins. Their usage on site is limited because their application is time consuming and polluting. Nowadays, the challenges lie in the development of new alternatives to oils based on surface signatures of formwork skins. Even though a large amount of work investigates novel formulations for ecological oils, few studies investigate the effect of these signatures on interfacial phenomena acting between concrete and formwork. Thus, in the present thesis work, the concrete friction on formwork skins has been studied first using a plan/plan tribometer simulating the condition of concrete forming. After developing a small laboratory-scale instrumented test to reproduce the formwork removal process on site, concrete adhesion was secondly quantified. The analysis of experimental data and the multi-physics characterization of formwork surfaces make it possible to establish the functionality of the signatures of skins on the friction and the adhesion of concrete, respectively. These correlations are used to propose an ideal solution of formwork limiting these phenomena to the interface concrete-formwork
Bouharoun, Samir. "Comportement tribologique des huiles de décoffrage à l'interface béton/coffrage : influence de la formulation du béton." Thesis, Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0209/document.
Full textIn a context where sustainable development has become a major priority, the companies in the building field must face to new requirements in terms of respect of the environment. In particular, during the concrete pouring, a mineral release agent, poorly biodegradable is currently used as separating layer non-stick. The nature of this oil creates significant risks of environmental pollution. New formulations of release agent of vegetable origin were developed.The appearance of this new product range requires a sufficient knowledge of their behavior at the interface concrete/release agent/formwork. This report contributes to the study the effect of the concrete composition on the tribological behavior at the interface concrete/formwork with two release agents of different nature (vegetable release agent and mineral release agent). The zone of concrete near the formwork was studied without release agents. First, the evolution of the density of the concrete at the approach of a wall was evaluated as a function of the contact pressure and the past volume. Then, a comprehensive analysis of this fresh layer was carried out to estimate the W/B ratio and the amount of paste mobilized close to the formwork. A physicochemical study was performed by reconstituting the interstitial medium of the interface concrete/release agent/formwork containing a different dosage of oil and superplasticizer. Several adapted techniques to these complex medium were used to evaluate the formation of soaps and to determine the stability of the obtained emulsions. This thesis ends with a study of the friction of fresh concrete against the formwork with and without release agent using a plan/plan tribometer. Many formulations of concrete are studied. The results were allowed to understand the mechanism of action of the fines element and the dosage of superplasticizer at the interfaces concrete/formwork and concrete/release agent/formwork. In the case of vegetable release agent, the soap formed from the esters and fatty acids contributes to reduce the friction by stabilizing the emulsion and organizing the interface. However, the presence of the superplasticizer is necessary to obtain a high performance for the mineral release agent
Andriamanantsilavo, Ny Riana. "Comportement des matériaux cimentaires dans un coffrage : expérimentation, modélisation et simulation de la poussée et du processus de maturation." Lorient, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LORIS029.
Full textHéroux, Sandrine. "Coffrer. Recycler. Réutiliser. Coffrages complexes en cire réutilisable informés par simulations acoustiques et algorithmes génétiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40166.
Full textThis research adresses the themes of digital fabrication, complex formwork and architectural acoustics, which it interrelates through a research by design approach. Its main objective is to develop a design process based on an acoustic performance parameter and a fabrication technique for concrete that will be suitable to generate future projects. The first chapter identifies the main digital manufacturing technologies for the production of non-standard concrete formwork. A method to be explored is then selected: wax formwork milled by a three-axis machine, a reusable material that therefore does not produce waste. The second chapter focuses on the generation of these complex forms by exploring the potential of architectural acoustics coupled with genetic algorithms to inform them. The following sections aim to develop a methodology for the creation of wax formwork, while defining the limits and validating the advantages of this production method. The objective is to subsequently transpose these features into the creation of a genetic algorithm that automates the iterative process of simulation, analysis and creation of an optimal non-standard acoustic geometry. To achieve this, the moulding of various concrete prototypes is performed, according to which a specific wax manufacturing method is developed. A series of specific recommendations for the modelling of these formworks results from these physical tests. Pursuant to the previous findings, genetic algorithms coupled with a simulation by ray tracing are defined. They generate a curved acoustic concrete reflector that distributes sound uniformly to a specific area, an element that exploits the low absorption coefficient of this material. This work is subsequently applied and informed by the execution of a concrete concert hall project that is the result of this feedback between theory, practice and design.
Aggoun, Salima. "Etude du comportement du béton coffre non arme vis a vis de la fissuration." Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0029.
Full textThe use of an unreinforced formed concrete lining presently appears as the best technical and economic solution to ensure the good stability and proper operation of rock excavated tunnels. However, this type of structure shows a systematic crack formation. In the absence of any outer load, cracking in this type of lining is closely connected to the physico-chemical characteristics of the material and to the environment in witch this materiel is ageing. This phenomenon is worsened by conditions peculiar to tunnels, i. E. : - on the one part, the strains hindered by the surrounding ground,and on the other part the pre-cast invert the presence of geometric over breaks which - lead to variations in the lining thickness. The importance of thermal et hydric gradients resulting from the above phenomena are demonstrated by field tests. Numerical simulations based on laboratory tests allow to assess the resulting stresses which lead to - a crossing and practically unavoidable crack formation resulting from thermal effects. The opening width in this type of cracks and their intensity especially depend on the presence of over breaks and cement proportioning. - a superficial skin cracking resulting from the hydric effects. Checking the investigated tunnels allows to find the cracks planned from our computations
Chadfeau, Calypso. "Caractérisations multiéchelles de surfaces cimentaires de parement en fonction de différentes surfaces coffrantes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAD005.
Full textThe objective of this work is to study the interaction between cement and different types of formwork surfaces by analysing the surface condition of the raw cement paste 24 hours old and that of formwork surfaces at different scales as well as their demoulding performance. Surface characterisation procedures combining interferometry, SEM + EDS, Raman spectroscopy and AFM Peak Force are developed. These multiscale characterisations allow the demonstration of the impact of the physico-chemical properties of formwork surfaces on cementitious surfaces at different scales and the analysis of their influence on adhesion to formwork. The effect of surface geometry and surface energy of formwork surfaces on the morphological, chemical and mechanical characteristics of cement surfaces is analysed, from millimetre to nanometre, with a discussion on the possible characterisation of cement phases more or less hydrated
El, Cheikh Khadija. "Etude de l'interface milieu granulaire : paroi rugueuse par approches expérimentale et numérique : application aux bétons." Thesis, Artois, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ARTO0204/document.
Full textWhen fresh concrete is placed into formworks or during concrete pumping, a layer, called boundary layer, consisting of water and fines, is formed at the interface. Various studies have shown that the friction between the concrete and the wall (form or pipe) is closely linked to the rheological properties of the boundary layer, its composition and the wall roughness. This study aims at understanding the wall-concrete interface phenomena at a grain scale. However, due to the complex nature of the two bodies in contact: boundary layer and wall, a simplified system has been considered. The concrete has been simplified by assuming that it consists of monodispersed spherical grains and without cohesion. Moreover, the irregular asperities of the wall roughness are represented by simple geometries. The study is based on the use of two models, an analog model and a numerical model.The analog approach consists of an experimental device fitted on the tribometer. The test consists in moving rough plates under stacks of confined monodispersed beads. The roughness of the plate is represented by crenels. Three plates representing different roughnesses are used. The experimental results show that the friction and the interface mechanisms are affected by the interface conditions (velocity, roughness, pressure).The numerical approach is based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The wall roughness is modeled by an assembly of spheres fixed on a moving plane. The results obtained by numerical simulations compared with those of the analog model show a good confrontation. As well, the numerical study carried out with periodic boundary conditions and for different roughnesses shows that the interface conditions affect the friction and the behavior of the medium near the interface (velocities profiles, thickness of the shear layer, etc.)
Omran, Ahmed Fathy. "Pression exercée sur le coffrage par le béton auto-plaçant." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1912.
Full textLibessart, Laurent. "Influence de la composition des agents de démoulage à l'interface coffrage-béton : impact sur l'esthétique des parements en béton." Artois, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ARTO0208.
Full textVery common in the civil engineering industry, release agents are used to facilitate the release of the concrete from the mould. On site, they are sprayed onto the surface of the moulds or onto the formwork before concrete pouring. This CIFRE thesis deals with the behaviour of oils at the concrete/oil/formwork interface. Indeed, the role of form release oils is to prevent the adhesion of the concrete to the walls, to improve the aspect of the facings and to fight against the corrosion of steel surfaces. The most used oils are of mineral origin, but they cause nuisances to the users and the environment. In order to solve the problem, vegetable-based formulations were developed. So as to know the influence of certain chemical parameters on the performances of oils, formulations were carried out on the two families so that each parameter could be analyzed. First of all, the evolution of the viscosity of oils was studied according to temperature. Then, the formwork/oil interface was characterized by means of optical microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Measurements of drop angles and surface tensions were also performed in order to study the adhesion of oil to the wall. To finish, tests using a plane-on-plane tribometer and aesthetics study of concrete facings were made. The results enabled us to define the mechanisms intervening in the concrete/oil/formwork interface. Mineral oils act physically by forming a film isolating the wall from the concrete whereas vegetable esters in contact with the concrete generate insoluble, hydrophobic carboxylates
Goudjil, Nassima. "Développement d'un nouveau procédé de décoffrage basé sur la polarisation du béton : Etude de l'aspect des parements en béton." Thesis, Artois, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ARTO0201/document.
Full textTo overcome the inconveniences of current demoulding methods, a new technique based on the concrete polarization has been developed. The principle, based on the phenomenon of electro-osmosis, is to apply an electric potential between the reinforcement and formwork leading to water displacement to the concrete/formwork interface where a film of water, able to avoid the adhesion of the concrete with the formwork, is formed. This device also allowed verifying the casting and reproducibility of the concrete by using electrical resistance. A feasibility study proved the interstitial water displacement and demolding possibility. To obtain a good quality of facing and demolding, the polarization parameters (voltage value, time and duration of its application) have been optimized according to room temperature and concrete formulations. For temperatures above 20 ± 2 °C, the polarization conditions are the same for all the concrete formulations. At temperatures below 20 ± 2 °C, the addition of the accelerator was required at each time and the value of the applied voltage had to be increased. All results showed that the thickness of water film and the conductivity value of the concrete determine the quality of the concrete facings and demolding. The application of the optimal conditions provides a similar quality of concrete facings or even better in some cases, than those obtained with the demoulding oils currently used.With these results, the technique has been transposed in-situ and it gave satisfactory results
Youssef, Alice. "Prise en compte des apports mécaniques du béton de chanvre pour le calcul de structure bois/béton de chanvre et métal/béton de chanvre." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS431.
Full textLime and hemp concrete (LHC) is nowadays the most developed bio-based aggregate building material in Europe. It consists of hemp shiv and mineral binder mixing with water. Generally, bio-based materials like LHC are used for their thermal insulation properties in building. Most blocks of Lime Hemp Concrete which have been studied, show a brittle behavior and a very low mechanical strength. The formulations are generally rich in binder and slightly compacted. Up to now, this material is then not considered as a load bearing material and is mainly used as filler insulation, combined with structure components made of wood, concrete or masonry. A study has tested other formulations, with higher contents of aggregates thanks to a compaction process, in order to improve both the rigidity and the strength of the hardened mixtures. In these formulations, shiv which has higher amount is definitely lighter and more porous than lime, which prevents a significant increase in thermal conductivity. The present work of my PhD is an experimental study of the compressive and shearing behavior of hemp concrete, in order to study the load-bearing capacity and bracing of this bio based material, while maintaining good qualities of thermal insulation in building. Two compacted formulations were tested M1 & M4, as well as samples obtained from trade-blocks Chanvribloc®. Two series of tests were performed. The first one is a uniaxial compression test in each direction for characterizing the mechanical anisotropy of the material. This anisotropy is induced by the compacting process. The second one permits to characterize the shearing behavior of the different mix-designs. In this study, an original shear device was developed, specifically designed for this kind of material, which allows shearing under controlled normal stress. An image processing performed was carried out, using a camera and ARAMIS image processing software during shear tests, to evaluate the fields of deformations and to study the behavior of the specimen during the shear test. The compressive experiments results have shown that this material is anisotropic, even when it is industrially molded by vibrations. The material has a transverse isotropic behavior. The behavior in the longitudinal direction is characterized by very high ductility, while the transverse behavior is very brittle, with a highly variable and unsteady behavior. The experimental results in shear show a high ductility of this material. These results are very promising, an interesting behavior of LHC walls in term of potential bracing. Numerical modeling and applications have been carried out to illustrate the use of hemp concrete blocks for bracing buildings. The formulation M4 exhibits a better behavior under moderate and average seismic actions, compared to the formulation M1, while the Chanvribloc walls in the present state do not allowthe buildings to be braced in moderate or medium seismic zones
Youssef, Alice. "Prise en compte des apports mécaniques du béton de chanvre pour le calcul de structure bois/béton de chanvre et métal/béton de chanvre." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS431/document.
Full textLime and hemp concrete (LHC) is nowadays the most developed bio-based aggregate building material in Europe. It consists of hemp shiv and mineral binder mixing with water. Generally, bio-based materials like LHC are used for their thermal insulation properties in building. Most blocks of Lime Hemp Concrete which have been studied, show a brittle behavior and a very low mechanical strength. The formulations are generally rich in binder and slightly compacted. Up to now, this material is then not considered as a load bearing material and is mainly used as filler insulation, combined with structure components made of wood, concrete or masonry. A study has tested other formulations, with higher contents of aggregates thanks to a compaction process, in order to improve both the rigidity and the strength of the hardened mixtures. In these formulations, shiv which has higher amount is definitely lighter and more porous than lime, which prevents a significant increase in thermal conductivity. The present work of my PhD is an experimental study of the compressive and shearing behavior of hemp concrete, in order to study the load-bearing capacity and bracing of this bio based material, while maintaining good qualities of thermal insulation in building. Two compacted formulations were tested M1 & M4, as well as samples obtained from trade-blocks Chanvribloc®. Two series of tests were performed. The first one is a uniaxial compression test in each direction for characterizing the mechanical anisotropy of the material. This anisotropy is induced by the compacting process. The second one permits to characterize the shearing behavior of the different mix-designs. In this study, an original shear device was developed, specifically designed for this kind of material, which allows shearing under controlled normal stress. An image processing performed was carried out, using a camera and ARAMIS image processing software during shear tests, to evaluate the fields of deformations and to study the behavior of the specimen during the shear test. The compressive experiments results have shown that this material is anisotropic, even when it is industrially molded by vibrations. The material has a transverse isotropic behavior. The behavior in the longitudinal direction is characterized by very high ductility, while the transverse behavior is very brittle, with a highly variable and unsteady behavior. The experimental results in shear show a high ductility of this material. These results are very promising, an interesting behavior of LHC walls in term of potential bracing. Numerical modeling and applications have been carried out to illustrate the use of hemp concrete blocks for bracing buildings. The formulation M4 exhibits a better behavior under moderate and average seismic actions, compared to the formulation M1, while the Chanvribloc walls in the present state do not allowthe buildings to be braced in moderate or medium seismic zones
Drizi, Said. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement des voiles porteurs en béton banche vis-à-vis des sollicitations sismiques." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066077.
Full textBou, Said Elias. "Contribution à la modélisation des effets différés du bois et du béton sous conditions climatiques variables : application aux structures mixtes bois-béton." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0017/these.pdf.
Full textThe long term serviceability of timber and concrete structures subjected to moisture variations is influenced by many coupled hydromechanical phenomena. The underestimation of the induced time-dependent effects may cause large deflections, stress redistributions, cracks or even delayed failure. Improving structures durability goes through an accurate prediction of delayed strains. The objective of this work is to develop an efficient numerical tool able to describe shrinkage, creep and time dependent failure of wood, concrete and composite structures
Nazé, Pierre-Alain. "Contribution à la prédiction du dommage des structures en béton armé sous sollicitations sismiques : proposition d'amélioration pour l'évaluation de la nocivité d'un signal et du dommage pour les structures à ossatures : introduction à l'analyse fiabiliste de l'endommagement en fonction de la nocivité d'un signal sismique." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0078/these.pdf.
Full textSince prediction of earthquake still remains impossible, foreseeing structural damages due to seismic motion has become a key point in earthquake engineering. This work aims at evaluating the relevance of classical seismic signal damaging potential indices and at proposing improvement of these indices in order to provide better prediction of structural damage due to earthquake. The first part supplies a non exhaustive state of the art of main Damaging Potential Indices IP and Damage Indices ID used in earthquake engineering. In the second part, IP/ID correlations results are analysed in order to evaluate IP relevance, to justify displacement based approach use (capacity spectrum method) for damage prediction and to make good the proposal for improvement of Damaging Potential Index. But studding seismic signal damaging potential is usually not enough to foresee damage firstly because scalar representation of damaging potential is not easy to link to physics reality and secondly because of damage scattering often observed for a single value of seismic signal damaging potential. In the same way, a single damage index value may correspond to very different structural damage states. Hence, this work carries on with a contribution to damage index reliability improvement, able to detect real structural damage appearance as well as to quantify this damage by associating the distance between one structural sate and the structural collapse, defined as an instability
Heinfling, Grégory. "Contribution à la modélisation numérique du comportement du béton et des structures en béton armé sous sollicitations thermo-mécaniques à hautes températures." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0002.
Full textThis work concerns the development of a numerical model for concrete under tire or nuclear accident conditions. Within the temperature range concerned (20°C-1200°C), the behavior of concrete is affected by the physical and chemical changes of its microstructure. Within the framework of an uncoupled thermo mechanical analysis, the phenomena that have to be accounted for are the temperature dependency of the thermal and mechanical properties of concrete as well as the dependency of the response of concrete on the combined thermal and mechanical loading history. A thermo plasticity based model is proposed for the compressive and the cracking behavior of concrete. The irreversible variations of the properties of concrete are introduced. A multisurface plasticity criterion which accounts for the increasing sensitivity of compressive strength to hydrostatic pressure is developed. The pathological mesh dependency of the numerical solution is partially solved with help of the Hillerborg method. A phenomenological model is used for the evaluation of the thermo mechanical interaction strains. Structures submitted to high temperatures are analyzed. The capability of the model to describe the load and temperature history dependency of the response is checked. The effects of different hypotheses concerning the evolution of the fracture energy of concrete are studied. The behavior of a nuclear power plant raft in accidental conditions is analyzed. The results emphasize the importance of the thermo mechanical interaction on the predicted behavior of the structures. A contribution to the analysis of the spalling of concrete at high temperatures is proposed. The concrete is modeled within the framework of the mechanics of porous media. The thermoplastic model is a pp lied to the analysis of the skeleton through the effective stress. A simplified method for the evaluation of pore pressures and Biot coefficient is proposed and the behavior of concrete specimens is analyzed
Paradis, François. "Analyse du comportement structural d'un composite mince en béton. : nalyse du comportement structural du canoë de béton." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21701/21701.pdf.
Full textThis thesis presents bares the analyses of Laval University’s Apogee 2002 concrete canoe. The predominant objective is to investigate and understand the canoe’s reaction under various loading patterns. A second objective is to elaborate design criteria for these types of structures. These criteria and comprehension of the structural behavior will be used for the upcoming canoes. These objectives are achieved coalescing experimentation and modeling. The present work begins with the elaboration of the concrete design used for Apogee’s construction. The characterization of the physical and mechanical properties of the composites used in the structure follows. Additionally, the sub-structures of the canoe and the entire canoe’s structural reaction analyses are predicted fulfilled using a finite element software. Finally, in-situ tests are performed on the canoe and the results compared to that obtained with the numerical model. The experimentation comprised both static and dynamic tests. Dynamic testing is used to determine the strain amplification due to paddling and turning. The design criteria are determined and presented according to the results obtained from the finite element software followed by experimentation.
Inscrit au Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures
Raphael, Wassim. "Étude fiabiliste du fluage des structures en béton armé et précontraint." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0878.
Full textDelemontey, Yvan. "Le béton assemblé : préfabriquer la France de l’après-guerre (1940-1955)." Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083273.
Full textIn French cities after the Second World War, reconstruction heralded a rethink in the scale of building along with the rise of a novel, state-run form of construction management. The State, requiring vast numbers of homes to be built, set about industrialising the means of production, transforming irrevocably a building sector long wedded to ancestral habits. The result was a particularly French solution: prefabricated concrete. A cross between the hegemony of material and an infatuation with new production methods, this solution made the construction process the designer's central preoccupation. This thesis begins by looking at the position of prefabrication within the discourse of the immediate post-war era. It then considers the impact of foreign influences, especially those of the American "scene", on the modernisation of building methods and techniques. It then considers prefab development diachronically: it shows how, in an early phase (1940-49), a lack of resources stimulated astonishing progress as prefabrication broke away from the metals industry - its traditional partner - and became instead inseparable from the masonry sector; and it highlights the role of prefabrication, during a later phase marked by growing improvement in the nation's economic and material welfare (1949-1955), in the structural paradigm shift that occurred in housing at the turn of the decade
Colina, Horacio Enrique. "Maitrise de la fissuration de peau du béton : étude géométrique et modelisation." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ENPC9215.
Full textAissoun, Baudouin. "Influence des caractéristiques rhéologiques des bétons autoplaçants sur leur durabilité." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CERG0807/document.
Full textConsolidation conditions are determining factors for the sustainability of conventional vibrated concrete as like as formulation parameters. In the case of self-consolidating concrete (SCC), due their fluidity, casting is done by free flow under the influence of their own weight. Consolidation in the forms is done without vibration due to their rheological characteristics. It is therefore reasonable to expect that the rheological characteristics of SCC would have a significant influence on the durability's properties. This thesis examines the possible links between the rheological characteristics of SCC and vis-à-vis durability's transport of aggressive agents. In total, Seventeen SCC mixtures covering a wide range of rheological properties were investigated. Three current rheological models were studied to determine the rheological parameters. In other hand, durability of cover concrete close of site conditions was studied on 6 partially reinforced beams and 3 semi-workable concrete vibrated slightly.Sorptivity test was used as indicator of vis-à-vis aggressive transport durability. The durability of the concrete cover layer in contact respectively with the wooden and PVC frame has been studied and the results were compared with the durability of interior bulk concrete. This study was made taking into account the exchange of water and aggregate arrangement against the formwork.Good correlation between initial plastic viscosity determined by the Bingham modified model or consistency coefficient determined by the Herschel-Bulkley model of SCC and the sorptivity measured during the first hours of testing is established. It is likely that the initial plastic viscosity or consistency coefficient has a marked influence on the volume of the largest capillary pores of concrete, which can significantly affect durability. The specific study of the concrete cover showed that its sorptivity depends on the type of formwork used because of water exchanges made between the concrete surface. Aggregate arrangement against the formwork was also modified. Sorptivity of the concrete cover of PVC is near but below that of the interior bulk concrete. Sorptivity of the concrete cover against wooden frame is significantly less than over of against PVC while being correlated with the plastic viscosity of modified Bingham or consistency coefficient of Herschel-Bulkley model
Bencheikh, Mohamed. "Connexion acier-béton : comportement au cisaillement et à l'arrachement des ancrages dans le béton à différentes températures de 20 à 550° C." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0055.
Full textDuballet, Romain. "Systèmes constructifs en fabrication additive de matériaux cimentaires." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1011.
Full textThis work addresses a particular topic of automation in construction called 3D concrete printing, or additive manufacturing of cementitious materials. It proposes new manufacturing techniques, other than casting or projection, making use of programmed robots to progressively bring the material where it needs to be, without traditional moulds. The associated promises are thus waste reduction, speed and versatility. More precisely we focus on extrusion techniques, they are inspired from a rapid prototyping approach called fused deposition modeling that consists in stacking laces of fresh mortar onto each other to form a three dimensional object.With such a technique, it is possible to "print" the walls of a house inside a gantry structure. This is the main idea proposed today, with promises of productivity, speed and labor cost reduction. This gained popularity in the past few years, businesses and academic projects were born all over the world, research being mostly focused on rheology and mortar formulation. The question of actual usage of such techniques is rarely placed at the center of discussion, whereas it is not clear yet how they will penetrate the market, and more importantly which among the many possible printing processes are more suited to be associated with complete building systems.The house printing idea is a direct and metaphoric transposition of the rapid prototyping method to a larger scale. With the current strategies, involving materials with high cement content, printing a single house in the form of straight or slightly curved walls can be seen as an environmental absurdity. To become a real solution to current housing issues, concrete printing has to bring significant innovation. It is not yet clear if productivity increase will be sufficient to do so. However, if new building products, of novel performances, could be made at a reasonable cost with such techniques, they could become a substantial addition to the building industry. The two courses of action are again material composition and geometry. Provided a very "poor" material is printable, massive straight wall houses can become competitive. Otherwise, material consumption can be decreased by printing walls with a complex and light internal structure. In chapter 4 we have proposed a potential solution to make lighter space structures for single house walls. Chapter 5 is dedicated to its prototyping.Apart from housing, the other main fields of application for building systems with robotic extrusion are infrastructures and public works. Some bridges have already been built. Specific underground structures have also been printed and installed in France, see figure below. For those sectors, complex geometrical context and specificity of prefabricated objects can account for 3D printing perhaps more easily than for housing. Surface finish and second work can indeed become less crucial, while productivity gains can be easily obtained.This work is divided in four chapters, and goes from theoretical to experimental. In chapter 2 we try to circumscribe our topic, namely robotic extrusion for automation in construction, through a state of the art report and some definition attempts. Many strategies are indeed possible to print cementitious materials, and can greatly differ in terms of physical phenomena at stake in the material or technology. This brings us to the subsequent question of actual building systems based on such printing processes. In chapter 3 we propose a classification method, to explore some possible approaches. The goal of this work is to shift the current discussion from the "house printing" approach to a generalized understanding of automated building systems with cementitious extrusion
Benboudjema, Farid. "Modélisation des déformations différées du béton sous sollicitations biaxiales : application aux enceintes de confinement de bâtiments réacteurs des centrales nucléaires." Marne-la-Vallée, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MARN0152.
Full textThe prediction of delayed strains is of crucial importance for durability and long-term serviceability of concrete structures (bridges, containment vessels of nuclear power plants, etc. ). Indeed, creep and shrinkage cause cracking, losses of pre-stress and redistribution of stresses, and also, rarely, the ruin of the structure. The objective of this work is to develop numerical tools, able to predict the long-term behavior of concrete structures. Thus, a new hydro mechanical model is developed, including the description of drying, shrinkage, creep and cracking phenomena for concrete as a nonsaturated porous medium. The modeling of drying shrinkage is based on an unified approach of creep and shrinkage. Basic and drying creep models are based on relevant chemo-physical mechanisms, which occur at different scales of the cement paste. The basic creep is explicitly related to the micro-diffusion of the adsorbed water between interhydrates and intrahydrates and the capillary pores, and the sliding of the C-S-H gel at the nano-porosity level. The drying creep is induced by the micro-diffusion of the adsorbed water at different scales of the porosity, under the simultaneous effects of drying and mechanical loadings. Drying shrinkage is, therefore, assumed to result from the elastic and delayed response of the solid skeleton, submitted to both capillary and disjoining pressures. Furthermore, the cracking behavior of concrete is described by an orthotropic elastoplastic damage model. The coupling between all these phenomena is performed by using effective stresses which account for both external applied stresses and pore pressures
Mallat, Amjad. "Phénomènes de dégradation des ouvrages anciens, techniques et matériaux de réhabilitation." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECAP1111.
Full textRabih, Mahmoud. "Comportement et modélisation de connecteurs de types cornière et goujon utilisés en construction mixte acier-béton." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL079N.
Full textEl, Hachem Ibrahim Rana. "Etude multi-critères de la dégradation des matériaux cimentaires par l'attaque sulfatique externe." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECDN0027.
Full textDurability became an important criterion to take into account when designing concrete structures. Particularly those built in aggressive aqueous media and subjected to chemical attacks such as sulphates, which are known for their destructive ability on cementitious materials. The objective of this work is to establish a representative test for the field conditions and to propose a relevant study to evaluate the effect of these parameters on the performance of cementitious materials subjected to an external sulphate attack (ESA). In this frame, we focused on the exposure’s conditions like the sulphate concentration of the surrounding solution, the exposure time and pre-conditioning, and we will study the parameters related to the material properties such as the type of cement, the properties of the cement matrix, the curing conditions and the mineral additions. The different measures and analyses (SEM, TGA, Porosimetry) show that gypsum has a destructive and expansive character as well as ettringite. The saturation degree has also an important influence on the kinetics and on the degradation scenario. In order to understand the degradation mechanism and analyse the behaviour of the material throughout the attack, we propose the numerical modelling of the phenomenon. We propose an improvement for Tixier & Mobasher model on the damage level. This model is then implemented in Comsol Multiphysics’, finite element software to follow the propagation of the concentration and degradation fronts. These numerical results on sulphate diffusion and expansive product formation are promising
Xuefeng, Wu. "Modélisation numérique de la fissuration du béton à partir d'une approche probabiliste." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ENPC9118.
Full textIstanbouli, Ali. "Etude et optimisation des cycles Gros-œuvre pour la réalisation des bâtiments en béton armé." Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CHAMS010.
Full textA plan which is to be useful for a process in the future should be a forecast of the best way to carry out that process. In mulit-storey building this objective is usually achieved by the efficient use of resoureces and depends on the definition of an appropriate plan of repetitive cycle (typical floor network). The typical floor network involves idnetical activities repeated consecutively from one floor to the next. The sequence of works in this type of construction is controlled by many technical constraints. Some of thesconstraints are between works executed on the same stage (horozontal constraints), and some of them are between works executed on different stages (vertical constraints)
Dubé, Jean-François. "Modélisation simplifiée et comportement visco-endomageable des structures en béton : applications aux séismes et aux choc des ouvrages en béton armé." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DENS0021.
Full textFichant, Stéphanie. "Endommagement et anisotropie induite du béton de structures : modélisations approchées." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DENS0015.
Full textOstrowski, Christopher. "Auscultation des ouvrages en béton par thermographie infrarouge active et passive." Artois, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ARTO0210.
Full textThis work deals with the study of infrared thermography as a non destructive testing method in order to detect defect in concrete buildings. First time, the aim is to detect tendons and empty duct and characterise the thermal diffusivity of reinforced concrete by active thermography. Pulsed Phase Thermography (PPT) is used to increase the detection by the analyse of phase images in low frequencies. The thermal diffusivity is identified by iterative inverse method Gauss Seidel and numerical model. This method minimise the sum of a least square function defined as the difference between measurements and a model results. Based on an exhaustive study of sensitive coefficients, the experimental mode is optimally designed. Second time, by passive thermography, we try to detect flaws under concrete slabs using time sequential thermography. To obtain accuracy location, the thermal images are associated to a topographical reference
Ragueneau, Frédéric. "Fonctionnement dynamique des structures en béton : influence des comportements hystériques locaux." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DENS0001.
Full textBouazaoui, Loubna. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale et théorique de structures mixtes acier-béton assemblées par collage." Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000220.pdf.
Full textThis study concerns the experimental and theoretical analysis of the mechanical behaviour of the steel-concrete composite beams assembled with an adhesive joint. First, we studied the effect of the main parameters such as the construction method of the concrete slab, the surface state of the substrates, the adhesive nature and the irregular thickness of the adhesive joint on mechanical performances of the glued composite beams of 3. 3 m of span. The use of strain gauges and inductive sensors enabled us to characterize the strains distribution in these beams and to measure the relative displacements between concrete slab and steel girder. In the second time, we carried out a bending experimental test on a full-scale of glued composite beam, (8. 5 m of span) in order to analyze the mechanical behaviour of the full-scale glued structure. Using an epoxy adhesive with the rigid behaviour to bond concrete slab to steel girder and sanding the surfaces of the two substrates steel and concrete, we showed that the connection by bonding with adhesive can ensure a perfect connexion between steel and concrete. We also showed that the concrete slab can be carried out by several precasted concrete elements glued together. Finally, the comparison beteween the mechanical behavior of the composite beams glued with an irregular thickness of the adhesive joint, in the transverse and longitudinal direction, and that of a composite beam glued with a regular thickness of adhesive joint, allowed us to tolerate a variation in the thickness of the adhesive joint of 2 mm in the transverse direction of the beam and of 4 mm in the longitudinal one. In conclusion, bonding can replace the metal connectors and allows to concrete slab and steel girder to act as unit alone
Delhumeau, Gwenaël. "Hennebique et la construction en béton armé, 1892-1914 : des brevets aux matériaux." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040184.
Full textAyed, Abderrahmen. "Méthode d'étude mécanique et physico-chimique de l'interface acier béton." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30329.
Full textHamouine, Abdelmadjid. "Contribution à l'étude de l'adhérence acier-béton de hautes performances." Toulouse, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAT0009.
Full textUlm, Franz-Josef. "Modélisation élastoplastique avec endommagement du béton de structure. Application aux calculs statiques et dynamiques de structures en béton armé et béton précontraint." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529366.
Full textCiutina, Liviu Adrian. "Assemblages et comportement sismique de portiques en acier et mixtes acier-béton : Expérimentation et simulation numérique." Rennes, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAR0016.
Full textThe work presented in this report concerns the seismic response of moment resisting steel or composite steel-concrete frames, influenced by the behaviour of their joints. The steel of the beam-to-column joints or the steel part in the case of composite joints are realised by bolted end-plate connections, using HSF bolts with controlled preloading. The first part of the study, having an experimental character, relates several series of tests, performed at Rennes and at Timisoara; its objective is to research the appropriate constructive layouts for an improved ductile behaviour of the steel and composite end-plate beam-to-column connections under monotonic and cyclic types of loading, under symmetrical or strongly unsymmetrical conditions. A particular attention is given to some detail points of the connections: the inferior part of the end-plate, by means of basic experimental tests on “T-stub” subassemblies, bevel type used for welding of beams to the end plates, the reinforcing of the column steel panel of the steel column by doubling plates, etc. This study allowed us to compare the experimental results with those of the models proposed by recent codes and to propose some recommendations and simple formulae in order to permit a better dissipative behaviour. A second part concerns the calibration of numerical models, by the help of DRAIN 2DX computer code, according to the results of the experimental tests. In the case of beam-columns type of elements, using a fibre model and including the measured characteristics of the materials it was proved that we can arrive to a good agreement as compared to the experimental results. As for the connections themselves, a sophisticated model, based on a multi-linear envelope curve of response and including a degrading cyclic behaviour, leads also to an adequate simulation of the real moment-rotation response curves. Into the third part, based on the dynamic non-linear analyses and on soil accelerograms, we try to take advantage of the behaviour of the steel and composite connections tested in laboratory. Five moment frames, from which one metallic and four composite are analysed, considering the beams jointed to columns by connections having a similar behaviour of those tested experimentally, so more or less rigid and/or more or less resistant. The location of the structures was supposed in zones having different nature and seismic levels, particularly in France and Romania. The responses are judged in terms of the required élasto-plastic rotation of the dissipative elements and by the required inter-story drifts. The global ductility response is interpreted in terms of the behaviour factor q and of the seismic performance factor η
Ouglova, Anna. "Etude du comportement mécanique des structures en béton armé atteintes par la corrosion." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DENS0034.
Full textIn the reinforced concrete structures, by nature, the reinforcing steel is covered with a protective film consisted of iron oxides. Penetration of aggressive externat agents can destabilize the film and initiale corrosion. When the layer of corrosion products grows around of the steel, loss of the rebat cross-section which is transformed into rust, decrease of rebat ductility, cracking and delamination of the concrete and loss of bond between concrete and reinforcement can be observed. The mechanical load capacity decreases and the ruin mechanism of concrete structures can change. The necessity is Io understand phenomena due to corrosion in order to perform a re-evaluation of the service lifetime of the reinforced concrete structures attacked by the corrosion
Ketata, Mahmoud. "Construction d'un modèle élastique fragile anisotrope endommagé en traction-torsion." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1991. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1451_mketata.pdf.
Full textPhan, Thanh Song. "Modélisation numérique de l'interface acier-béton : application au comportement des structures en béton renforcées par des aciers plats crantés." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00788282.
Full textArsenault, Guillaume. "ÉTUDE DIAGNOSTIQUE D'UNE STRUCTURE EN BÉTON, PRÉCONTRAINTE PAR POST-TENSION." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27528/27528.pdf.
Full textThis work has been possible due to collaboration between the Ministère des Transports du Québec and the Centre de Recherche sur les Infrastructures en Béton de Université Laval at the restructuration of Dufferin-Montmorency overpass. The demolition of structures that haven’t reached their total service life time allowed the production of a great quantity of information on a prestressed structure of the Quebecer road network. In chapter 5, observations on prestressed structures have been grouped. This kind of information is, most of time, unavailable on an existing structure due to impossible inspection. In chapter 7, a classification of different exposure conditions of the inspected structural elements is showed as well as a numerical technique for predicting the time before corrosion starts. The last two chapters relate discussions on the actual state of this structure which is particular because one section has never been exposed to traffic.
Fiset, Mathieu, and Mathieu Fiset. "Étude du comportement des éléments en béton armé post-renforcés à l'effort tranchant." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37919.
Full textLe comportement à l’effort tranchant des structures en béton armé est un sujet étudié depuis plus d’un siècle. Bien qu’aujourd’hui la compréhension du comportement de ces structures s’est considérablement améliorée, aucune théorie universellement acceptée ne permet de considérer l’ensemble des phénomènes régissant leur comportement à l’effort tranchant. L’étude réalisée dans cette thèse montre que ces théories sont insuffisantes pour prédire le comportement des structures post-renforcées à l’effort tranchant. Une meilleure compréhension des différents mécanismes de résistance à l’effort tranchant agissant dans ce type de structure est donc requise. Les méthodes de post-renforcement étudiées consistent à forer des ouvertures à l’intérieur d’une dalle épaisse afin d’y ancrer des barres de renforcement. Selon le type d’ancrage utilisé, les méthodes de post-renforcement peuvent se départager en deux catégories. Un renforcement est dit adhérent lorsque l’ancrage est assuré par un adhésif permettant de transférer l’effort le long des barres au béton. Un renforcement est dit non adhérent lorsque le transfert d’effort s’effectue uniquement à l’extrémité des barres, à l’endroit où un ancrage mécanique assure une butée entre les barres et le béton. L’étude des méthodes de post-renforcement a montré que celles-ci peuvent augmenter significativement la résistance des éléments postrenforcés. Or, le comportement des barres de post-renforcement affecte le comportement à l’effort tranchant et les mécanismes de résistance. Les théories actuelles permettant de prédire la résistance à l’effort tranchant s’appliquant aux structures renforcées d’étriers conventionnels ne peuvent être utilisées directement. L’objectif de cette thèse est donc de développer un modèle permettant d’évaluer le comportement et la résistance à l’effort tranchant des structures en béton armé post-renforcées. L’étude des membrures en béton post-renforcées de barres adhérentes fait l’objet de la première partie de cette thèse. En s’appuyant sur les essais expérimentaux réalisés antérieurement à l’Université Laval, des lois de comportement et des modèles numériques permettant d’analyser l’adhérence des barres collées ont été développés. En incluant ces lois comportementales dans des analyses non linéaires par éléments finis, la réponse et les mécanismes de résistance à l’effort tranchant ont été étudiés. Le développement d’outils mathématiques permettant d’évaluer le comportement de barres collées a permis de proposer une méthode de calcul de la résistance à l’effort tranchant. Cette méthode considère l’effet du comportement en adhérence sur la résistance à l’effort tranchant offerte par l’armature de cisaillement, Vs, et par le béton, Vc. Une quantité minimale d’armature de cisaillement ainsi que des critères d’espacement adaptés à ce type de renforcement adhérent ont également été proposés. Cette méthode a permis de mieux prédire la résistance des éléments post-renforcés de barres adhérentes. En deuxième partie de cette thèse, les mécanismes de résistance à l’effort tranchant des éléments en béton armé post-renforcés de barres non adhérentes ont été étudiés. Pour ce faire, le comportement expérimental des éléments testés a été examiné puis comparé aux résultats des analyses non linéaires par éléments finis. Bien que la norme S6-14 ne permet pas de prédire la résistance des éléments post-renforcés, le comportement et la résistance de ces structures ont pu être prédits adéquatement par des analyses par éléments finis. L’analyse des essais expérimentaux et des modèles éléments finis ont montré que l’effort tranchant repris par les barres transversales est directement proportionnel à l’ouverture des fissures, à la rigidité des ancrages et à la précontrainte verticale du post-renforcement. Un modèle est proposé afin d’évaluer l’effort reprit par ces barres en fonction de ces paramètres. Les analyses numériques par éléments finis montrent également que l’effort tranchant est essentiellement repris par les barres transversales non adhérentes, la bielle de compression directe agissant dans la zone de béton non fissurée et, dans une moindre proportion, par l’enchevêtrement des granulats .
Le comportement à l’effort tranchant des structures en béton armé est un sujet étudié depuis plus d’un siècle. Bien qu’aujourd’hui la compréhension du comportement de ces structures s’est considérablement améliorée, aucune théorie universellement acceptée ne permet de considérer l’ensemble des phénomènes régissant leur comportement à l’effort tranchant. L’étude réalisée dans cette thèse montre que ces théories sont insuffisantes pour prédire le comportement des structures post-renforcées à l’effort tranchant. Une meilleure compréhension des différents mécanismes de résistance à l’effort tranchant agissant dans ce type de structure est donc requise. Les méthodes de post-renforcement étudiées consistent à forer des ouvertures à l’intérieur d’une dalle épaisse afin d’y ancrer des barres de renforcement. Selon le type d’ancrage utilisé, les méthodes de post-renforcement peuvent se départager en deux catégories. Un renforcement est dit adhérent lorsque l’ancrage est assuré par un adhésif permettant de transférer l’effort le long des barres au béton. Un renforcement est dit non adhérent lorsque le transfert d’effort s’effectue uniquement à l’extrémité des barres, à l’endroit où un ancrage mécanique assure une butée entre les barres et le béton. L’étude des méthodes de post-renforcement a montré que celles-ci peuvent augmenter significativement la résistance des éléments postrenforcés. Or, le comportement des barres de post-renforcement affecte le comportement à l’effort tranchant et les mécanismes de résistance. Les théories actuelles permettant de prédire la résistance à l’effort tranchant s’appliquant aux structures renforcées d’étriers conventionnels ne peuvent être utilisées directement. L’objectif de cette thèse est donc de développer un modèle permettant d’évaluer le comportement et la résistance à l’effort tranchant des structures en béton armé post-renforcées. L’étude des membrures en béton post-renforcées de barres adhérentes fait l’objet de la première partie de cette thèse. En s’appuyant sur les essais expérimentaux réalisés antérieurement à l’Université Laval, des lois de comportement et des modèles numériques permettant d’analyser l’adhérence des barres collées ont été développés. En incluant ces lois comportementales dans des analyses non linéaires par éléments finis, la réponse et les mécanismes de résistance à l’effort tranchant ont été étudiés. Le développement d’outils mathématiques permettant d’évaluer le comportement de barres collées a permis de proposer une méthode iii de calcul de la résistance à l’effort tranchant. Cette méthode considère l’effet du comportement en adhérence sur la résistance à l’effort tranchant offerte par l’armature de cisaillement, Vs, et par le béton, Vc. Une quantité minimale d’armature de cisaillement ainsi que des critères d’espacement adaptés à ce type de renforcement adhérent ont également été proposés. Cette méthode a permis de mieux prédire la résistance des éléments post-renforcés de barres adhérentes. En deuxième partie de cette thèse, les mécanismes de résistance à l’effort tranchant des éléments en béton armé post-renforcés de barres non adhérentes ont été étudiés. Pour ce faire, le comportement expérimental des éléments testés a été examiné puis comparé aux résultats des analyses non linéaires par éléments finis. Bien que la norme S6-14 ne permet pas de prédire la résistance des éléments post-renforcés, le comportement et la résistance de ces structures ont pu être prédits adéquatement par des analyses par éléments finis. L’analyse des essais expérimentaux et des modèles éléments finis ont montré que l’effort tranchant repris par les barres transversales est directement proportionnel à l’ouverture des fissures, à la rigidité des ancrages et à la précontrainte verticale du post-renforcement. Un modèle est proposé afin d’évaluer l’effort reprit par ces barres en fonction de ces paramètres. Les analyses numériques par éléments finis montrent également que l’effort tranchant est essentiellement repris par les barres transversales non adhérentes, la bielle de compression directe agissant dans la zone de béton non fissurée et, dans une moindre proportion, par l’enchevêtrement des granulats.
Le comportement à l’effort tranchant des structures en béton armé est un sujet étudié depuis plus d’un siècle. Bien qu’aujourd’hui la compréhension du comportement de ces structures s’est considérablement améliorée, aucune théorie universellement acceptée ne permet de considérer l’ensemble des phénomènes régissant leur comportement à l’effort tranchant. L’étude réalisée dans cette thèse montre que ces théories sont insuffisantes pour prédire le comportement des structures post-renforcées à l’effort tranchant. Une meilleure compréhension des différents mécanismes de résistance à l’effort tranchant agissant dans ce type de structure est donc requise. Les méthodes de post-renforcement étudiées consistent à forer des ouvertures à l’intérieur d’une dalle épaisse afin d’y ancrer des barres de renforcement. Selon le type d’ancrage utilisé, les méthodes de post-renforcement peuvent se départager en deux catégories. Un renforcement est dit adhérent lorsque l’ancrage est assuré par un adhésif permettant de transférer l’effort le long des barres au béton. Un renforcement est dit non adhérent lorsque le transfert d’effort s’effectue uniquement à l’extrémité des barres, à l’endroit où un ancrage mécanique assure une butée entre les barres et le béton. L’étude des méthodes de post-renforcement a montré que celles-ci peuvent augmenter significativement la résistance des éléments postrenforcés. Or, le comportement des barres de post-renforcement affecte le comportement à l’effort tranchant et les mécanismes de résistance. Les théories actuelles permettant de prédire la résistance à l’effort tranchant s’appliquant aux structures renforcées d’étriers conventionnels ne peuvent être utilisées directement. L’objectif de cette thèse est donc de développer un modèle permettant d’évaluer le comportement et la résistance à l’effort tranchant des structures en béton armé post-renforcées. L’étude des membrures en béton post-renforcées de barres adhérentes fait l’objet de la première partie de cette thèse. En s’appuyant sur les essais expérimentaux réalisés antérieurement à l’Université Laval, des lois de comportement et des modèles numériques permettant d’analyser l’adhérence des barres collées ont été développés. En incluant ces lois comportementales dans des analyses non linéaires par éléments finis, la réponse et les mécanismes de résistance à l’effort tranchant ont été étudiés. Le développement d’outils mathématiques permettant d’évaluer le comportement de barres collées a permis de proposer une méthode iii de calcul de la résistance à l’effort tranchant. Cette méthode considère l’effet du comportement en adhérence sur la résistance à l’effort tranchant offerte par l’armature de cisaillement, Vs, et par le béton, Vc. Une quantité minimale d’armature de cisaillement ainsi que des critères d’espacement adaptés à ce type de renforcement adhérent ont également été proposés. Cette méthode a permis de mieux prédire la résistance des éléments post-renforcés de barres adhérentes. En deuxième partie de cette thèse, les mécanismes de résistance à l’effort tranchant des éléments en béton armé post-renforcés de barres non adhérentes ont été étudiés. Pour ce faire, le comportement expérimental des éléments testés a été examiné puis comparé aux résultats des analyses non linéaires par éléments finis. Bien que la norme S6-14 ne permet pas de prédire la résistance des éléments post-renforcés, le comportement et la résistance de ces structures ont pu être prédits adéquatement par des analyses par éléments finis. L’analyse des essais expérimentaux et des modèles éléments finis ont montré que l’effort tranchant repris par les barres transversales est directement proportionnel à l’ouverture des fissures, à la rigidité des ancrages et à la précontrainte verticale du post-renforcement. Un modèle est proposé afin d’évaluer l’effort reprit par ces barres en fonction de ces paramètres. Les analyses numériques par éléments finis montrent également que l’effort tranchant est essentiellement repris par les barres transversales non adhérentes, la bielle de compression directe agissant dans la zone de béton non fissurée et, dans une moindre proportion, par l’enchevêtrement des granulats.
Shear behavior of reinforced concrete structures has been studied for more than one century. Even if shear behavior is now better understood, a unique shear theory has not been commonly accepted yet. The study presented in this thesis shows that current theories cannot adequately predict the shear behavior of strengthened structures with post-installed reinforcement and a better understanding of shear is required for this type of members. The shear strengthening methods studied consist of adding drilled-in vertical reinforcing bars into a reinforced concrete structure. These bars can be bonded to the concrete with a high-strength epoxy adhesive, or anchored at their extremities to the structure with mechanical anchorages, such as steel plates and expansion anchorages. Experimental loading tests carried out at Université Laval on shear strengthened members confirmed the efficiency of these methods to increase the shear capacity. However, the post-installed reinforcing bars behavior affects the shear behavior of strengthened members and current theories considering typical stirrups are not applicable. The objective of this thesis is to develop a model that can be used to predict the shear capacity of reinforced concrete members strengthened with post-installed shear reinforcement. The first part of this thesis consists in analyzing the shear behavior of reinforced concrete members strengthened with epoxy-bonded bars. Based on experimental tests, a bond model and a numerical model were developed to analyze the behavior of bonded bars. Then, this bond behavior was introduced in a finite element model to analyze the response and the shear resistance mechanisms in strengthened members. It appears that the bond behavior affects the capacity of the epoxy-bonded bar at a crack as well as the crack width, reducing the shear reinforcement and aggregate interlock capacities. Based on these results, equations were proposed to determine the shear capacity provided by epoxy-bonded bars and by the aggregate interlock. A minimum amount and spacing criteria were also proposed for epoxy-bonded shear reinforcing bars. The method proposed in this thesis for strengthened members with epoxy-bonded bars adequately predicts the shear capacity of members tested in the literature. The second part of this thesis studies the shear resistance mechanisms in shear strengthened members with unbonded reinforcing bars. The behavior of tested members and finite element models were analyzed and compared. While the CHBDC is not appropriate to predict the shear capacity of members with unbonded bars, FE analyses showed a good match with experimental tests. These results showed that a large portion of shear is transferred by unbonded shear reinforcement. The main parameters affecting this mechanism are the critical shear crack width, the unbonded bars stiffness (including the stiffness of anchorages) and the bars prestressing. For the analyzed members, FE results also showed that a large part of shear is carried by a direct strut action in uncracked concrete, while the portion of shear carried by aggregate interlock is relatively smaller
Shear behavior of reinforced concrete structures has been studied for more than one century. Even if shear behavior is now better understood, a unique shear theory has not been commonly accepted yet. The study presented in this thesis shows that current theories cannot adequately predict the shear behavior of strengthened structures with post-installed reinforcement and a better understanding of shear is required for this type of members. The shear strengthening methods studied consist of adding drilled-in vertical reinforcing bars into a reinforced concrete structure. These bars can be bonded to the concrete with a high-strength epoxy adhesive, or anchored at their extremities to the structure with mechanical anchorages, such as steel plates and expansion anchorages. Experimental loading tests carried out at Université Laval on shear strengthened members confirmed the efficiency of these methods to increase the shear capacity. However, the post-installed reinforcing bars behavior affects the shear behavior of strengthened members and current theories considering typical stirrups are not applicable. The objective of this thesis is to develop a model that can be used to predict the shear capacity of reinforced concrete members strengthened with post-installed shear reinforcement. The first part of this thesis consists in analyzing the shear behavior of reinforced concrete members strengthened with epoxy-bonded bars. Based on experimental tests, a bond model and a numerical model were developed to analyze the behavior of bonded bars. Then, this bond behavior was introduced in a finite element model to analyze the response and the shear resistance mechanisms in strengthened members. It appears that the bond behavior affects the capacity of the epoxy-bonded bar at a crack as well as the crack width, reducing the shear reinforcement and aggregate interlock capacities. Based on these results, equations were proposed to determine the shear capacity provided by epoxy-bonded bars and by the aggregate interlock. A minimum amount and spacing criteria were also proposed for epoxy-bonded shear reinforcing bars. The method proposed in this thesis for strengthened members with epoxy-bonded bars adequately predicts the shear capacity of members tested in the literature. The second part of this thesis studies the shear resistance mechanisms in shear strengthened members with unbonded reinforcing bars. The behavior of tested members and finite element models were analyzed and compared. While the CHBDC is not appropriate to predict the shear capacity of members with unbonded bars, FE analyses showed a good match with experimental tests. These results showed that a large portion of shear is transferred by unbonded shear reinforcement. The main parameters affecting this mechanism are the critical shear crack width, the unbonded bars stiffness (including the stiffness of anchorages) and the bars prestressing. For the analyzed members, FE results also showed that a large part of shear is carried by a direct strut action in uncracked concrete, while the portion of shear carried by aggregate interlock is relatively smaller
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