Academic literature on the topic 'Cogged comb'

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Journal articles on the topic "Cogged comb"

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Bancroft, Corinne. "Emplotting Immigration: The Rhetoric of Border Narratives." Cognitive Semiotics 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cogsem.2012.4.2.40.

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Abstract Most everyone in the U.S. knows the stories told about illegal immigration, whether or not they subscribe to those stories. Right-wing narratives explain how ‘illegals’ or ‘aliens’ invade our country to ‘steal our jobs’ and ‘smuggle drugs’. Liberal narratives justify the illegal entrance of ‘desperately poor people’ who come here to feed their families. Patrick Hogan, in Understanding Nationalism, reveals the national and psychological purposes of such stories and explains how they are formed. This essay addresses the relationship between these national narratives and migrants’ actual experiences. As long-time volunteer of a humanitarian aid organization on the U.S./Mexico border, the author has heard stories about and witnessed the violence and death caused both by the desert and law enforcement. The more familiar narratives frame and consequently limit debate about the nation’s border enforcement policies, which force people to the most isolated desert areas where these atrocities occur. Through personal anecdotes about motivations for crossing and experiences in the desert, migrants offer critical stories that challenge standard emplotments, providing a new perspective on an apparently familiar problem.
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Bjørndahl, Johanne Stege, Riccardo Fusaroli, Svend Østergaard, and Kristian Tylén. "Thinking together with material representations: Joint epistemic actions in creative problem solving." Cognitive Semiotics 7, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cogsem-2014-0006.

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Abstract How do material representations such as models, diagrams, and drawings come to shape and aid collective, epistemic processes? This study investigated how groups of participants spontaneously recruited material objects (in this case, LEGO blocks) to support collective creative processes in the context of an experiment. Qualitative microanalyses of the group interactions motivate a taxonomy of different roles that the material representations play in the joint epistemic processes: illustration, elaboration, and exploration. Firstly, the LEGO blocks were used to illustrate already well-formed ideas in support of communication and epistemic alignment. Furthermore, the material concretization of otherwise abstract ideas in LEGO blocks gave rise to elaboration: discussions, requests for clarification, and discovery of unnoticed conceptual disagreements. Lastly, the LEGO blocks were used for exploration. That is, the material representations were experimented on and physical attributes were explored resulting in discoveries of new meaning potentials and creative solutions. We discuss these different ways in which material representations do their work in collective reasoning processes in relation to ideas about top-down and bottom-up cognitive processes and division of cognitive labor.
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Finley, Ron. "Tacrine for Alzheimer's Disease: Therapeutic Considerations." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 8, no. 5 (October 1995): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719009500800505.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, irreversible neurological disease that burdens both patient and family with emotional, financial, and social costs. Approximately four million people have been diagnosed as having AD. In 1991, 266,000 cases of AD were diagnosed. This number is expected to increase as our population ages. In the past numerous drugs have been studied and used clinically in an attempt to reverse or slow the memory impairment, confusion, and behavioral problems caused by AD. None have been found to be consistently effective. In November 1993 the first drug in the USA, tacrine (Cognex), was approved for the treatment of AD. This approval has not come without some controversy. A considerable debate still exists as to the efficacy of tacrine in AD. Approximately 45% of patients will have a substantial increase in their liver function tests (ALT). Patients require close monitoring, especially during the first 18 weeks of treatment. In addition to this, tacrine does appear to have a number of less serious, but bothersome side effects and possible drug-drug and drug-disease interactions. This article provides the pharmacist with practical information regarding the safe, most effective use of this interesting drug. Tacrine is the first drug approved for the treatment of AD, but almost certainly not the last.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cogged comb"

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Tichý, Jiří. "Návrh systému vertikálního pohonu elevátoru, včetně možností jeho řízení pro skladovací systém LLH." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232030.

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The aim of this master's thesis are the engineering design of solutions for vertical elevator drive storage systém LLH – Schwerlast. The project is composed of technical report ans drawing documentation. The Technical report deals with storage and handling bar material, methods of control and manipulation of storage systems and structural design. In the structural part are designed draft drive and its main parts. The main parts of drive are checked using structural analysis. The drawing documentation is composed of assembly drawing, manufacturing dravings and welded frame drawing.
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Conde, Gerardo Aceves. "O CogWeb e os idosos com baixa escolaridade." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16152.

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Mestrado em Gerontologia
Os declínios cognitivo podem ser considerados normais a partir dos 60 anos. Estudos comprovam a relação entre o treino cognitivo e a melhoria no desempenho das funções cognitivas. Porém a informação acerca da possibilidade do treino cognitivo facilitar a alfabetização dos idosos ainda não é suficiente. Este é um estudo quantitativo, observacional, descritivo e inferencial cujo objetivo é averiguar se o programa de treino cognitivo CogWeb pode ser utilizado por idosos com baixo nível de alfabetização. A caracterização da amostra é feita a partir de um questionário sociodemográfico, o estado mental é medido com o Mini Exame do Estado Mental, o nível de alfabetização é medido com Provas de Avaliação dos Processos de Leitura e o treino cognitivo é realizado com a versão impressa do programa CogWeb.
Cognitive declines can be considered normal after 60 years old. Studies show the relationship between cognitive training and the performance improving of cognitive functions. However, the information about the possibility of cognitive training to facilitate the literacy of older people is not enough. This is an observational, quantitative, descriptive and inferential study that intends to evaluate whether the CogWeb cognitive training programme can be used by older people with a low literacy level. The characterization of the sample was made from a sociodemographic questionnaire, the mental state was evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination, the literacy level was measured with Provas de Avaliação dos Processos de Leitura, and the cognitive training was performed with the paper version of CogWeb programme.
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Wuchner, Sip Sibylle. "Etude des processus d'aimantation de tri-couches magnétiques à base d'alliages amorphes de terres rares et de cobalt." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10070.

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Nous avons prepare des couches minces amorphes a base d'alliages de terres rares, d'yttrium ou de zirconium et de cobalt par trois types differents de pulverisation cathodique (triode, magnetron toroidal, face-a-face). Les proprietes structurales, chimiques (retrodiffusion de particules chargees, spectrometrie de masses d'ions secondaires, rayons x, microscopie electronique), magnetiques (magnetometre, neutrons), et magneto-optiques (effets kerr) de ces materiaux ont ete caracterises en details. Avec ces materiaux de base, nous avons prepare des tri-couches aux interfaces tres propres permettant d'etudier le couplage magnetique entre couches. Les systemes sandwich fabriques sont typiquement y-co/gd-co/y-co et sm-co/x-co/sm-co' (x=gd, zr, tb). Les trois couches constitutives sont couplees magnetiquement par les interactions d'echange entre moments de cobalt a travers tout l'echantillon. Ce couplage associe aux proprietes specifiques de l'alliage considere (moment magnetique, anisotropie, coercitivite) conduisent a des configurations ferrimagnetiques ou ferromagnetiques de l'aimantation des couches voisines et donnent lieu a des processus d'aimantation originaux. Pour des systemes constitues de couches externes dures de coercitivites differentes et d'une couche centrale douce (sm-co/x-co/sm-co', x=gd, zr), l'influence de l'epaisseur et de la nature du materiau de la couche centrale sur le couplage et les processus d'aimantation ont ete etudies quantitativement. Un etat avec une seule paroi de bloch etendue dans la couche centrale est stabilise. Pour caracteriser cette paroi nous avons effectue des mesures d'aimantation, de reflectometrie de neutrons polarises et des mesures de susceptibilite a haute frequence. Des simulations numeriques a l'aide d'un programme developpe au cours de ce travail pour decrire les processus d'aimantation dans les systemes sandwich rendent particulierement bien compte des courbes d'aimantation experimentales de ces systemes modeles
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Correia, Edlamar Mendes. "A eficácia do programa COGWEB nas áreas de atenção, memória e função executiva em crianças com dificuldades de aprendizagem na escola Municipal do Rio de Janeiro." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/8239.

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Este estudo tem como objetivo, verificar a eficácia do uso da ferramenta COGWEB em uma criança com dificuldade de aprendizagem, faixa etária de 9 anos, do sexo masculino de uma Escola Pública da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O COGWEB é um programa português que foi desenvolvido por um neurologista e uma neuropsicóloga, apresenta-se por uma plataforma online e permite a implementação de treino cognitivo personalizado, individualmente. A ferramenta é organizada por meio da prescrição do profissional, que supervisiona a seção através do computador. Este estudo teve como objetivos: 1 - Identificar a eficácia da aplicação do programa COGWEB num aluno com 9 anos de idade e com dificuldades de aprendizagem e sua importância como mecanismo de intervenção, a fim de treinar as áreas da atenção, memória e função executiva. 2 - Verificar os resultados dos treinos cognitivos após a implementação do programa. Nesta investigação recorreu-se aos seguintes instrumentos de pesquisa: NEUROPSILIN-Inf, Teste de matrizes progressivas coloridas de Raven e o programa COGWEB. Os exercícios foram agrupados de acordo com as áreas cognitiva de atenção, funções executivas, memória, linguagem, práxis, gnosia e cálculo. Este sistema abrange diferentes graus de comprometimentos, por este motivo o programa pensou nos exercícios com níveis sequenciais de dificuldade e foram concebidos para ser utilizados numa ampla gama de idades. As ferramentas de monitoramento, juntamente com bioestatística, regista continuamente o desempenho e são incorporados no sistema, a fim de supervisionar a evolução e ajustar o programa de acordo com progresso avaliado. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que o programa de intervenção constatou que ao final da reaplicação dos testes neuropsicológicos que o aluno apresentou bons resultados e bons impactos no seu processo escolar, mesmo mantendo o seu conceito regular, por apresentar bastantes déficits nas áreas de linguagem, que não foi foco do treinamento cognitivo utilizado. Foi verificado também que através do treino o aluno manteve um rendimento regular mesmo com o aumento da demanda acadêmica.
This study aims to verify the effectiveness of the use of the COGWEB tool in a child with learning difficulties, 8 years of age, males from a Public School in the city of Rio de Janeiro. COGWEB is a Portuguese program developed by a neurologist and a neuropsychologist, presented through an online platform and allows the implementation of individually customized cognitive training. The tool is organized through the prescription of the professional, who supervises the section through the computer. This study aimed to: 1 - Identify the effectiveness of the COGWEB program in children with learning difficulties and its importance as an intervention mechanism, in order to train the attention, memory and executive functions. 2 - Check the results of the cognitive training after the implementation of the program. This research used the following research instruments: NEUROPSILIN-Inf, Raven's Progressive Color Matrix Test and the COGWEB program. The exercises were grouped according to the cognitive areas of attention, executive functions, memory, language, praxis, gnosia and calculus. This system covers different degrees of impairment, so the program has designed exercises with sequential levels of difficulty and are designed to be used over a wide range of ages. Monitoring tools, along with biostatistics, continuously record performance and are incorporated into the system to monitor progress and adjust the program according to assessed progress. The results showed that the intervention program found that at the end of the reapplication of neuropsychological tests that the student had good results and good impacts on their school process, even maintaining its regular concept, because it had many deficits in the language areas, which did not was the focus of the cognitive training used. It was also verified that through the training the student maintained a regular performance even with the increase of the academic demand.
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Books on the topic "Cogged comb"

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CLÁUDIA DE MACÊDO VIEIRA, ANA, SILVIANE DOS REIS ANDRADE BARROS, THACID KADERAH COSTA MEDEIROS, PAULA SABINO DE CARVALHO, ANA PAULA RIBEIRO DE CARVALHO FERREIRA, FILIPE DOS SANTOS SOARES, JOÃO PAULO GUEDES NOVAIS, et al. MANUAL SOBRE USO RACIONAL DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS - Volume 2. Cerceau, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17655/9786500151138.

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O uso de plantas medicinais no Brasil é uma prática comum, passada através de gerações e fruto da miscigenação do povo brasileiro. Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), estima-se que 80% da população nos países em desenvolvimento dependam da medicina tradicional para suas necessidades básicas de saúde. No entanto, muitas plantas são usadas de forma inadequada, não levando em conta possíveis efeitos tóxicos, além da coleta ser feita de modo inadequado, podendo levar à extinção da espécie vegetal. Isso levou à criação, pelo Ministério da Saúde, do Programa Nacional de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos, o qual conta com uma série de objetivos visando: “garantir à população brasileira o acesso seguro e o uso racional de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos, promovendo o uso sustentável e da biodiversidade, o desenvolvimento da cadeia produtiva e da indústria nacional”. Em 2009 foi divulgada a lista de “Plantas Medicinais de Interesse ao SUS”, que incluiu uma relação de 71 espécies nativas e cultivadas em pelo menos uma das regiões do território brasileiro, com o intuito de orientar estudos e pesquisas que possam subsidiar a elaboração da lista de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos a serem disponibilizados para uso da população com segurança e eficácia comprovadas para o tratamento de determinada doença. Em 2012 teve início um projeto de longa duração desenvolvido em parceria do Laboratório de Farmacobotânica (LabFBot) da Faculdade de Farmácia da UFRJ com diversas entidades dos municípios de Magé e Guapimirim, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, por iniciativa do Comitê Gestor da Microbacia do Rio Cachoeira Grande (COGEM). O LabFBot desenvolve na região o projeto de extensão intitulado ¨Uso e cultivo racionais de plantas medicinais e plantas alimentícias não convencionais (PANC) pelos agricultores de Magé e Guapimirim, RJ. Até 2018 havia uma parceria com o Programa de Educação Tutorial (PET-Farmácia) realizado por docentes e discentes da Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, sob coordenação da Profa Ana Cláudia de Macêdo Vieira. O projeto de extensão conta ainda com a parceira da EMATER-RIO, atuante nas regiões de Magé e Guapimirim, da Associação dos Pequenos Produtores Rurais da Cachoeira Grande (APPCG) e do COGEM, que envolvem os agricultores da microbacia do Rio Cachoeira Grande e a Prefeitura Municipal de Magé, através de sua Secretaria Municipal de Agricultura e Desenvolvimento. Este projeto está em desenvolvimento desde 2012 e visa a aproximação da academia à população, com trocas de informações entre extensionistas, agricultores e pesquisadores para aprimoramento dos conhecimentos técnicos e científicos deles em temas relacionados a uso e cultivo de plantas medicinais e plantas alimentícias não convencionais.
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Book chapters on the topic "Cogged comb"

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Santos, Fernanda Lima dos, Antonio Osimar Sousa da Silva, Soraya Lira Alencar, Julyane da Rocha Santos, Bruno José Barros da Silva, and Diogo Pimentel de Sá da Silva. "Síntese e caracterização da zeólita ofretita utilizando cogel como fonte de silício." In Processos Químicos e Biotecnológicos – Volume 3. Editora Poisson, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36229/978-85-7042-194-4.cap.16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cogged comb"

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dos SANTOS, F. L., A. O. S. da SILVA, S. L. ALENCAR, J. R. SANTOS, and B. J. B. da SILVA. "SÍNTESE E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA ZEÓLITA OFRETITA UTILIZANDO COGEL COMO FONTE DE SILÍCIO." In XI Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Química em Iniciação Científica. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chemeng-cobeqic2015-377-33988-263555.

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Carrascosa Cambra, Jesús, and Conrado Carrascosa López. "La implementación de las TIC en el aula de música en comparación a metodologías tradicionales de enseñanza como la clase magistral. Estudio de caso práctico." In INNODOCT 2020. Valencia: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inn2020.2020.11807.

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Las nuevas tecnologías han facilitado la vida de las personas en muchos aspectos, y tienen una importancia capital en la sociedad de la información y el conocimiento actual. Sin embargo, el sistema educativo tiende a ser reacio a estos nuevos avances, decantándose por los métodos tradicionales de enseñanza. Este trabajo de investigación pretende comprobar si la implementación de las TIC como herramienta didáctica, en el aula de música de la ESO, conlleva una mejora en el aprendizaje significativo del alumnado con respecto a métodos tradicionales de enseñanza como la clase magistral. Para demostrarlo se coge una muestra de alumnos de la ESO de características similares que se divide en dos grupos, a los que se les explica la misma Unidad Didáctica de contenidos. A un grupo a través del uso de las TIC y al otro sin servirse de ellas. Como parte transversal del estudio, también se implementan dos metodologías docentes innovadoras como el aprendizaje ubicuo y el aprendizaje dialógico. Posteriormente, se pasa a los dos grupos la misma prueba de evaluación objetiva, a través de la cual se compara el nivel de asimilación de los contenidos de cada grupo. Los resultados muestran como en el grupo en que se emplearon las TIC, se produje una mejora notable en los resultados de la prueba respecto al grupo en que no se utilizaron las TIC.
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Bergera, Iñaki. "Mirar a ver. Experiencias docentes en arquitectura." In I Congreso Internacional sobre Fotografia: Nuevas propuestas en Investigacion y Docencia de la Fotografia. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cifo17.2017.6675.

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En un momento dado de la película, Amélie —desbordante visualmente de su gozo de vivir— coge fuertemente del brazo a un ciego y le ayuda a cruzar y recorrer una bulliciosa calle de París describiéndole entusiastamente todo lo que observa en ese breve y a priori anodino trayecto. Amélie le regala durante un minuto sus ojos al ciego pero, paralelamente, nos enseña a mirar más allá de lo que vemos. También los arquitectos americanos Charles y Ray Eames fueron durante las décadas centrales del siglo XX un paradigma de ese aprendizaje por la mirada, de ese obsesivo pero delicado análisis visual, a través de la fotografía o el cine, del espacio que habitamos. Y como ellos, Robert Venturi, Bernard Rudofsky, Aldo Rossi o recientemente John Pawson serían un buen referente de la ineludible utilización de las herramientas visuales en el contexto productivo e investigador de la arquitectura. Si para Le Corbusier, el padre de la modernidad, los arquitectos somos “asnos, pero asnos que ven”, podemos asumir la irrenunciable necesidad de implementar de forma explícita una educación visual en el contexto de los estudios de arquitectura. La fotografía es un herramienta pero más allá de su condición instrumental —que para el arquitecto ha suplantado al lápiz en la toma de datos y el análisis de lo que nos rodea— es potencialmente portadora de un lenguaje formal y narrativo cuya sintaxis es necesario conocer y educar. Para poder actuar de forma creativa, el alumno de arquitectura ha de saber “leer” el espacio y estructurarlo mediante la mirada. Paradójicamente, la saturación de imágenes contemporánea —especialmente virulenta en el ámbito concreto de la difusión mediática de la arquitectura entendida como icono visual— puede producir en el alumno una amnesia que ahogue su sensibilidad a la hora de “afilar el lápiz” con su mirada, para ver y construir con ella un nuevo argumentario espacial. A partir de mis intereses personales en torno a la fotografía y de mi particular experiencia investigadora en las relaciones entre arquitectura y fotografía, la comunicación que se propone presentará las experiencias docentes llevadas a cabo desde la Universidad de Zaragoza —en gran medida a contracorriente—, tanto dentro de la docencia en proyectos arquitectónicos que impartimos como, en un inmediato futuro, de forma reglada como asignatura trasversal independiente. Los modestos pero fructíferos resultados obtenidos hasta la fecha nos confirman el interés y la pertinencia de formular y demandar este espacio pedagógico que trasciende por supuesto a los aspectos técnicos de la imagen y subraya el interés que tienen los alumnos por canalizar docentemente el ordenamiento sensible y proactivo de la mirada.
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Tolic, Ines. "In Quest of Modernity: Le Corbusier’s Project for the New Civic Hospital in Venice." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.1033.

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Abstract: The paper deals with Le Corbusier’s unbuilt project for Venice analyzing the meaning of the Civic Hospital within the cultural context between 1954, the year in which the new master plan started to take shape, and 1966, when an extraordinary ‘acqua alta’ put an end to city’s contemporary ambitions. In Venice’s quest for modernity, the master plan (1954-1962), the national competition for the San Giuliano district (1959), the national competition for the Hospital (1963) and the international one for the Tronchetto Island (1964-1965) represent key events in which conservatives and modernists found themselves face to face, and in relation to which Le Corbusier’s project has not yet been studied. Even though Le Corbusier’s Hospital was presented to the public opinion as a courageous and innovative project, this paper seeks to demonstrate that it was actually more in line with the conservative front because it brought back the “problem of Venice” to its insular dimension after more than a decade of attempts to solve it considering a wider regional frame. Resumen: El articulo trata sobre el proyecto, no cumplido, por Le Corbusier para Venecia incluyéndolo en el contexto cultural desarrollado entre el año 1954, en el que el nuevo master plan empezaba a coger forma, y el 1966, cuando una extraordinaria ‘acqua alta’ cortó los anhelos de modernidad del tiempo. Los acontecimientos clave de este periodo fueron: el master plan, el concurso nacional para el barrio de San Giuliano, el concurso nacional para el Hospital y el concurso internacional para la Isla de Tronchetto. Con respecto a estos el proyecto de Le Corbusier no había todavía estado analizado. El Hospital de Le Corbusier había estado presentado, en su tiempo, como un proyecto innovador. Lo que este articulo quiere demostrar es que, en realidad, representó una posición conservadora, pues volvió a llevar el problema de Venecia en sus medidas insulares después de mas diez años de intentos para solucionarlo a escala regional. Keywords: Venice; Civic Hospital; Le Corbusier; modernity; center and periphery. Palabras clave: Venice; Civic Hospital; Le Corbusier; modernidad; centro y periferia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.1033
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Fontaine, Pascal. "Cycling Tolerance: Natural Circulation Vertical HRSGs." In International Joint Power Generation Conference collocated with TurboExpo 2003. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2003-40114.

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The US market is currently making a double jump in its HRSG requirements. Heretofore, HRSGs were used largely in industrial size cogen applications. According to the PURPA (Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act), public utilities were required to purchase that electric power generated in excess of the steam host’s needs. Thus, HRSGs were relatively small and operated under constant conditions. Now, HRSGs are much larger (utility size) and also more complex due to the introduction of triple pressure plus reheat behind powerful heavy duty gas turbines. With the onset of deregulation and consequent merchant power, combined cycle plants are now required to supply electrical power to the grid as and when needed with consequent day/night and weekday/weekend cycling. Those merchant plants have to come on and off line with minimal notice and be run sometimes at partial loads. Even units which were originally designed for base load are all eventually forced to cycle as new more efficient power plants are built. Thus, substantial changes in basic HRSG design are needed to cope with these changes. Coincidentally, the types of service projected for USA HRSGs have been in effect in Europe for over two decades. For this reason, European HRSG manufacturers/operators have adopted cycling tolerant Vertical HRSGs based on designs which permit the tubes to expand/contract freely and independently of one another, as distinguished from the more rigid horizontal gas pass design. Thus, fatigue stresses related to load following swings are minimized. This is just an illustration of the specific features of the Vertical European HRSGs for minimizing damages due to cycling related fatigue stresses. Vertical HRSG design shall be considered not only in terms of smaller footprint, but also as a solution to cycling related problems. As generally recognized, the cycling criterion is an integral part of HRSG design. This paper presents solutions to HRSG design issues for cycling tolerant operation. It relates to published data on problems observed with cycling Horizontal HRSGs, and it describes how these problems can be overcome. Concepts, design features and calculation methods applied to cycling tolerant HRSGs are reviewed in detail. Vertical HRSGs have been criticized because of their need for circulation pumps. Interestingly, the need for such pumps was eliminated a decade ago, with the advent of natural circulation for Vertical HRSGs up to 1800 psia (124 bar A) operating pressure.
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