Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cognition chez les animaux'
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Coulon, Marjorie. "La reconnaissance sociale et individuelle chez les bovins domestiques : étude expérimentale avec des images fixes." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA132037.
Full textIn social animals, relationships are likely supported by capacities of discrimination/recognition at different levels: the species, the social group or even the individual. The recognition of congeners requires stable phenotypic characteristics of the species and some variability among individuals. In the study of social behaviour, it is legitimate to question how individuals perceive their congeners, how they process social information and what are the cognitive processes involved. Animals can have cognitive abilities of social recognition and of complex cognitive abilities involved in individual recognition. Cattle, Bos taurus, are a social species with a wide phenotypic variability between breeds and between individuals, which allow an experimental approach of social and individual recognition. The aim of this study was to characterize cognitive visual capacities in cattle, using still images of faces of animals in a simultaneous discrimination task. Indeed in cattle, vision is an important mode used in social communication. The observation of a mixed group of heifers produced by cloning or artificial insemination (A. I. ) shows preferential interactions between cattle from the same category (clones-clones or A. I. -A. I. ) involving recognition capacities. Moreover, heifers interact more with images of cows and familiar congeners in spontaneous discrimination tasks. This leads to suppose that they associate still images with representations of real animals. Experiences of discrimination, based on the use of instrumental conditioning, show capacities of categorization in cattle and cognitive abilities of individual and social recognition. Our experiments show capacities of visual discrimination of the species, of familiar congeners, of kin and of individual recognition. All the results underline the role of familiarity in the recognition process. New opportunities for the study of inter-modal recognition in cattle are opened
Belin, Laurine. "Impact des stimuli visuels sur la réactivité émotionnelle." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1B058.
Full textIn this thesis, we wondered if some visual stimuli could have universal emotional valence in vertebrates. A first series of experiments was conducted in the laboratory on various species of birds (e.g. starlings, Japanese quail and raptors). Each species of bird tested, negatively perceived a visual stimulus in particular. Indeed, during its display this stimulus induced 1) rapid withdrawals/takeoffs in a majority of individuals (about 2 seconds after the start of the display); 2) a change of trajectory of a group of birds in flight, and 3) kept a negative emotional valence for birds, even after repeated displays. In a second phase, the same stimulus was tested on a wide range of bird species (eg shorebirds, gulls, ducks and pigeons) under natural conditions. We were then able to 1) validate the negative emotional impact of this stimulus; 2) reveal a different sensitivity to color characteristics of the stimulus according to species, and also 3) its long-term effectiveness on bird food context. Finally, the perception of visual stimuli whose emotional valence was known in birds has been studied in horses and humans. Visual attention was mainly noted in these two species. Moreover, the presence of an autism spectrum disorder seems to influence the perception of certain visual stimuli. This work has highlighted the existence of a visual stimulus with universal emotional valence in birds. The influence of two factors on the perception of the emotional valence was also revealed: 1) specific factor and 2) developmental factor
Bousquié, Lara. "Etude des processus cognitifs impliqués dans la différenciation des émotions chez l'agneau (Ovis aries)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF21498.
Full textGaulejac, Fabienne de. "Effet du contexte sur la réaction comportementale à la nouveauté chez l'animal. D'un système cognitif à un autre ?" Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30210.
Full textLaunay, Michel. "Le renforcement signalé chez l'animal : renforcement positif." Montpellier 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON30014.
Full textThe signaled reinforcement is a typical pavlovina conditioning procedure in which the reinforcer is preceded by the presentation of a signal. In instrumental conditioning with signaled reinforcement, the reinforced response lend to the presentation of a stimulus which predicts the reinforcer. Such an experimental paradigm represents an excellent test of the associative processes which develop between responses, signal and reinforcer and, therefore, of the theoretical models describing those processes in animals. The experimental results confirm the validity of recent models of conditioning (e. G. The wagner-rescorla model) as opposed to the traditional s-r interpretations. The results also suggest some constraints the future models should support, especially in relation to the functioning of neural networks or to inferential information processing
Dauphine-Morer, Anne-Lise. "Explorer le concept d'intention chez les animaux pour apporter un nouvel éclairage au bien-être." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UNIP7152.
Full textSubjects relating to the mental states, consciousness and intentions of non-human animals raise two major difficulties. Firstly, identifying these capacities: which capacities for which species, but also what form do they take? Secondly, access to these internal mental states that cannot be directly measured: what tools, metrics, etc. are needed? Addressing these questions means dealing both with what the Animal model covers for the observer (a reactive individual, a thinking individual, etc.) and with methodological paradigms (for example, can a mental state really be inferred from behaviour?). To address this question, we explore how intentions are studied in animals, and what their studies might open up as hypotheses for the study of cognitive abilities. The first stage of our work involved identifying the concepts used in the study of intentions in all the disciplines concerned (i.e. all those in which this concept is studied). Through an extensive bibliometric analysis, coupled with a questionnaire for researchers, ten different scientific approaches to intentions in non-human animals were identified. Secondly, interdisciplinary workshops involving ethologists, psychologists and design and management scientists were held, using the 10 approaches identified as a basis for developing a tool for considering the intentions of other species and exploring their cognitive capacities in a different way. This project opens up promising new avenues towards a scientific understanding of the capacities of non-human animals
Thévenard, Laurent Pasquet Alain. "Gestion de la construction de la toile chez une araignée orbitèle, Zygiella x-notata perception et utilisation des informations du milieu /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2004_0015_THEVENARD.pdf.
Full textDanel, Samara. "Cognition physique chez l’oiseau : général ou adapté ?" Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2007/document.
Full textPhysical cognition is defined as the knowledge that we possess about the inanimate objects surrounding us, and their relation with the environment. According to the general social intelligence hypothesis, physical cognition would have developed as a continuum (like all the other cognitive domains), in species living in complex social groups. By contrast, the adapted social intelligence hypothesis assumes that interacting with conspecifics has allowed development of superior, but specific, cognitive capacities related to the social realm. Although research on the evolution of cognition first focused on primates, we now know that some avian species are capable of interacting with their physical world in a complex way by using and manufacturing tools (e.g., Article 1). However, to date, various bird families are still unstudied, leaving open this debate. The general goal of this work is to contribute to a better understanding of the factors acting on the evolution of cognition, thanks to the theoretical input of the social intelligence hypothesis according to its general and adapted aspect. Four species that had never been studied in cognitive studies before were selected according to their degree of sociality but also according to the specificity of their ecology. This latter factor has been largely ignored in behavioural biology, although it is crucial for a more holistic comprehension of the behaviour. This work aimed to assess the ability of two avian species, great white pelicans Pelecanus onocrotalus (social birds) and yellow-crowned bishops Euplectes afer afer (gregarious birds), to imitate the behaviour of a trained conspecific (social domain) with a social learning task (Articles 2 part I & 3, respectively). Subsequently, we have studied heir ability to use an object in order to get an out-of-reach food reward (physical domain) with a tool use task (Articles 2 part II & 4). Although pelicans were capable of rapidly solving the social learning task, they did not succeed in using tools spontaneously (cf. discussion Article 2 part II). The bishops were able to imitate the behaviour of a conspecific, however they were not capable of using tools in the foraging context, although these birds are well known to use and manufacture tools in quite a complex way in order to build their nests. We have also administrated to two other avian social species, ground-hornbills Bucorvus and toucans Ramphastidae, an experimental paradigm to assess cognition in the physical domain: the string-pulling test (Articles 5 & 6, respectively). The task involved pulling on a string in order to obtain a food reward attached to its extremity. Ground-hornbills failed to pull on the string in the vertical configuration, but rapidly solved the task in various conditions within the horizontal configuration. In toucans, however, only one subject succeeded in the vertical configuration. These results allow us to refute the social intelligence hypothesis in its general aspect. Indeed, no link seems to be drawn between the social and the physical domains in the four species studied. Although the social intelligence hypothesis is supported since decades, a unitary theory is required. A new model of cognitive evolution, that allows assessing the importance of general intelligence in species, may be particularly promising
Mpari, Bedel Raymond. "Implication des canaux potassium dépendant du calcium et de faible conductance au cours des processus mnésiques chez le rat : approche comportementale, pharmacologique, biochimique et biomoléculaire." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX11006.pdf.
Full textThis study evaluates the involvement of SK channels on learning and memory. In a first time, we compared the effects of two SK channel blockers: apamin, which inactivates SK2 and SK3 channels, and Lei-dab7 which only binds SK2 channel as having a high affinity, on memorization processes. An intracerebroventricular apamin injection improves information consolidation when Lei-Dab7 injection remains without effect on learning. In a second time, we evaluated the variation of the densities of SK channels, and the difference of SK1, SK2, and SK3 subunit mRNA levels in rat brain at different stages of learning. A significant decrease of the apamin binding density was related to a transient down-regulation of SK2 and SK3 mRNA expression in the hippocampus on memorization. These findings indicate that the apamin inactivation of SK channels intensify the impact of the SK channel down-regulation on hippocampal synaptic excitability enhancement during mnesic processes
Liévin-Bazin, Agatha. "Prosocialité, cognition sociale et empathie chez les psittacidés et les corvidés." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100170/document.
Full textIn the animal kingdom some species form complex social groups in which elaborated relationships between individuals occur. Prosocial behaviors, i.e. actions that benefit others, preferentially occur between closely affiliated individuals and may be driven by empathy, the ability to identify and share the emotional states of others. Birds, particularly corvids and parrots, are excellent candidates for investigating the link between social relationship and other-regarding behavior. They are long-lived and form long-term monogamous pair-bonds in which a high level of cooperation is seen throughout the year. The aim of this thesis is to study how the nature of a relationship (sibling, mate or friend) can modulate prosocial behavior and its underlying emotions in parrots and a corvid species. The approach was to study food-sharing or behavioral reactions to stressful situations such as distress call playback or exposure to novel objects, in different social contexts. Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) reacted more to the distress calls of a closely affiliated partner than to those of a non-partner, and they preferably shared food with affiliated, related individuals. Different species of parrots preferentially chose a prosocial option over a selfish one, but it remains unclear whether they took the other’s perspective into account. Confronted with intimidating novel objects, jackdaws (Corvus monedula) spent more time in mutual proximity when paired with their mate than when with a familiar opposite-sex non-partner. However, they were not bolder when accompanied by their mate compared to a non-partner. These results suggest that an emotional link exists between affiliated individuals and that this special bond drives their prosocial and empathic behavioral responses
Im Tierreich gibt es Arten mit komplexer Gruppenstruktur, in denen Individuen aufwendige soziale Beziehungen mit Artgenossen eingehen. Prosoziales Verhalten, ein Verhalten zum Wohle Anderer, tritt bevorzugt zwischen Individuen auf, die eine starke gegenseitige Bindung aufweisen. Prosozialität beruht auf Empathie-Fähigkeit, die wiederum ein gewisses Verständnis der emotionalen Lage von Artgenossen voraussetzt. Vögel, insbesondere Papageien und Krähen, sind geeignete Modelle, um Zusammenhänge zwischen sozialer Bindung und prosozialem Verhalten zu untersuchen: sie bilden Langzeit-monogame Paare, die das Jahr hindurch miteinander kooperieren. Ziel dieser Doktorarbeit ist es, herauszufinden, wie soziale Bindungen (verwandtschaftlicher, sexueller, oder freundschaftlicher Natur) prosoziales Verhalten und Empathie beeinflussen. Zu diesem Ziel wurden Studien über Futterteilen und Verhaltensreaktionen auf Stress in verschiedenen sozialen Kontexten durchgeführt. Nymphensittiche (Nymphicus hollandicus) reagierten stärker auf Warnrufe ihres Partners als auf die eines anderen Gruppenmitglieds. Ebenso teilten verwandte Sittiche häufiger Futter miteinander als mit anderen Individuen. Verschiedene Papageienarten bevorzugten in einer Entscheidungssituation prosoziale über egoistische Optionen, wobei unklar bleibt, ob sie die Perspektive ihres Partners verstanden. Dohlen (Corvus monedula), die mit einem für sie unheimlichen neuen Objekt konfrontiert wurden, verbrachten mehr Zeit in gegenseitiger Nähe, wenn sie mit Ihrem Partner als mit einem anderen Individuum getestet wurden. Sie verhielten sich aber in Gegenwart ihres Partners nicht mutiger. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass Bindungen zwischen Individuen prosoziales Verhalten und empathische Reaktionen aufeinander beeinflussen
Maugard, Anaïs. "Appariement relationnel et raisonnement par analogie chez le babouin (Papio papio) : continuités et discontinuités avec les processus d'analogie chez l'humain." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3026/document.
Full textAnalogical reasoning is a cornerstone aspect of human cognition, often considered to be human specific. Recent experiments using relational matching-to-sample (RMTS) tasks suggest that chimpanzees, baboons and capuchin monkeys can understand and compare the relations expressed between and within pairs of objects. However, the exact strategies used by these species to solve analogy problem remain unclear at this point. We conducted three studies exploring different aspects of analogical reasoning in the Guinea baboons (Papio papio). The first study showed that (1), as in human, relational processing in baboons involves the processing of both perceptive and relational information, and that (2) the relative contribution of these two types of processing depends on the number of items illustrating each relation during training. The second study showed that the cognitive strategy developed by baboons in a RMTS task involves analogical reasoning. The third study emphasized the ability of baboons to process multidimensional relations in a more complex version of the RMTS task. Altogether, these findings from suggest that (1) baboons are able to use analogical reasoning, to solve at least tasks involving perceptive relations; (2) relational processing and further analogical reasoning skills depend on their previous experience with the different relations. We shall discuss the potential implications of those findings, and the continuity and discontinuity of analogical reasoning skills found in human and nonhuman primates
Thévenard, Laurent. "Gestion de la construction de la toile chez une araignée orbitèle, Zygiella x-notata : Perception et utilisation des informations du milieu." Nancy 1, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2004_0015_THEVENARD.pdf.
Full textDuring their life, animals may adapt their strategies to maximise their fitness. They have to make choices, and their behaviour should take into account environmental variations. In many works, it has been showed that animals take into account one environmental variable; but they live in complex environments, and have to integrate simultaneously several information. Until now, there are very few data on that. We tackled this problem in an orb-weaving spider, Zygiella x-notata. Observations on natural populations of spiders showed they adapted their web building behaviour to prey and the presence of neighbours. In the laboratory, when spiders were put simultaneously in the presence of prey and conspecifics, they exhibited a web building behaviour similar to that they showed when they were in the presence of prey only. Complementary tests showed that, in this situation, spiders perceived prey and conspecifics. These results could be explained in two ways: 1) in the multi-variable environment, spiders could organize information into a hierarchy, and choice prey, or 2) when they receive simultaneously several information, they have not the cognitive abilities to treat them
Brajon, Sophie. "Perception de l'humain et processus émotionnels et cognitifs chez le porcelet : impact de l'expérience avec l'humain." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26407.
Full textHumans are part of the environment of domestic animals and their impact on animal welfare is largely underestimated. This thesis focused on the human-animal relationship during the post-weaning period in pigs. This period has not been much studied in a context of human-animal relationship, although it is known to be associated with the development of social abilities. The first part of this thesis aimed at understanding some processes involved in the development of the perception of humans by weaned piglets, namely memory, recognition and generalisation. Results showed that weaned piglets are able to form a memory of a familiar human which persists at least 5 weeks. Moreover, piglets adapt their behaviour according to the movements (rough or gentle) of humans towards them. However, the addition of food rewards or physical stress does not amplify their behavioural responses. An unfamiliar handler is not perceived positively. In addition, familiarisation to a passive human is not sufficient to remove the fear of an approaching human, suggesting that piglets form a context-specific memory. Thereafter, it has been shown that piglets can discriminate and recognise familiar humans based on experience, although their reactions depend on numerous factors, including the consistency of the experience and the context of testing. It does not preclude that piglets are able to generalise their behavioural responses to unfamiliar humans and to form a general memory of humans. The second part of the thesis aimed at investigating the impact of the experience with humans on emotional states and cognitive abilities of weaned piglets. It has been demonstrated that the way humans behave with piglets modulates their emotional states. Piglets receiving positive interactions with humans develop a positive emotional state and are more optimistic. Fear of humans appears to be correlated with motivation to explore, a temperament trait helping animals in a learning task. Overall, it has been demonstrated that the nature of the contact given by humans plays a major role in the development of the perception of humans, but also influences emotional states and is linked with motivation of this young domestic animal to learn and adapt to its environment. Key words: weaned piglet, human-animal relationship, welfare, perception of humans, recognition/generalisation, emotional state, cognitive bias, learning.
Fourrier, Agnès. "Etude de quelques processus cognitifs chez les corvidés : résolution brusque de problèmes de type logique par un geai des chênes, Garrulus g. glandarius." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H080.
Full text-Introduction to cognitive problems in crows: - a raven and a black throated jay were trained to make numerical discriminations, one from three, four, five, six, and two from three. - Completion of logical series of abstract and concrete pictures : a series of three pictures presented the same figure but at different points of its spatial evolution. The figure is either abstract (geometrical) or concrete (drawings of food). Following this reading test, the same pictures (but at different stages) are presented on two, three or four box lids. The bird has to open the lid showing a picture that logically completes the presented series. Only one solution is possible. Each series is unique and is presented only once. Most of the series are well completed, some others are incorrectly solved. The bird seems to be able to understand the logical relationship between the three pictures and to choose the correct solution from among two or three pictures (out of three boxes, the failure is due to a too large number of pictures to consider). In certain cases, this choice requires the use of a strict order relationship between the pictures
Greiveldinger, Lucile. "Processus d'évaluation et réponses émotionnelles chez les ovins : prévisibilité, contrôlabilité, correspondance aux attentes et contexte social." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718313.
Full textAvarguès-Weber, Aurore. "Cognition visuelle chez l'abeille Apis mellifera : catégorisation par extraction de configurations spatiales et de concepts relationnels." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1251/.
Full textIn this work we studied the cognitive sophistication reached by the honeybee Apis mellifera when analysing its visual environment. Thanks to a new-designed learning protocol allowing better performance of bees' visual discrimination, we studied visual stimuli classification by categorization and concept formation. In the first case, bees grouped visual objects into classes defined by perceptual similarity; in the second case, bees extract abstract rules from visual stimuli (e. G. 'bigger than') instead of their specific physical properties. We studied in particular stimuli categorization based on a "face-like" configuration. We show that this insect can extract relationships between the elements of a schematic face and combine them to define a category. Thus, novel stimuli presenting this configuration would be process as member of the category of interest. Moreover, bees seem to naturally use configuration to recognize visual objects. This processing is thus not only inducing by our training procedure. We also studied the bees' acquisition of spatial relational concepts such as "above" or "below", regardless of the elements involved in these relationships. The bee has, in addition, shown its ability to combine two different concepts (spatial relationship and difference between the elements involved in the relationship) in a rule in order to obtain a reward. This rule is transferable to novel physically different stimuli. These results demonstrate an unsuspected level of analysis and abstraction in an invertebrate and open debate on the neural minimum architecture required to achieve such cognitive complexity
Rochais, Céline. "L'attention chez le cheval domestique (Equus caballus) : caractéristiques individuelles et facteurs de modulation." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S031/document.
Full textThis study investigated attention in domestic horse. It aims, firstly, to evaluate horses’ attentional abilities by developing experimental tests. To this end, we developed behavioural visual attention (VAT) and auditory attention (AAT) tests. The results show that these behavioural tests give accurate measures of horses’ attentional characteristics. These measures are stable over time and can predict an individual’s attention (VAT) and distractibility (AAT) during another attention-testing paradigm frequently used in other species (the ‘5-choice serial reaction time task’) and in a non-experimental context: work (e.g. lunge or riding lessons). Furthermore, our results show qualitative (structure and level of attention) and quantitative (duration of attention) variations of attention between individuals. Secondly, we studied both intrinsic and extrinsic factors modulating attention in horses. The tests developed have been used across several equestrian sites. Horses’ attention appears to be modulated by: i) intrinsic factors such as an individual’s breed, gender or welfare state and ii) by extrinsic factors such as an individual’s living condition, work and especially the riding discipline. We finally investigated the possibility of promoting horses’ attention while working via dedicated human actions. We showed that using food rewards rapidly increases horses’ attention on the task and, as a consequence, improves their learning performances. These effects were not found with tactile ‘reward’. In summary, this work has led to innovative methodological improvements to assess horses’ cognitive abilities and the factors influencing them. These results have useful applications to guide horse-handlers through animal selection, work session management and choosing optimised living conditions
Duchatelle, Edith. "Acquisition d'une tâche opérante chez le rat blanc : aspects comportementaux et cognitifs." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30103.
Full textDellu-Hagedorn, Françoise. "Vieillissement des capacités cognitives et conatives chez le rat : relations avec l'activité de l'axe corticotrope." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28319.
Full textDestrez, Alexandra. "Accumulation d'émotions et modifications de la sensibilité émotionnelle et des fonctions cognitives chez les ovins." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00798018.
Full textLe, Covec Mathilde. "Influence de la musique, préférences musicales et production sonore et rythmique chez les perruches calopsittes et les corbeaux à gros becs." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100115.
Full textMany hypotheses tried to explain the appearance of music in mankind. Some studies showed that nonhuman animals, and more specifically birds, would be sensitive to music too. We studied musical sensitivity in two species of birds, cockatiels and jungle crows, through three main axes: the influence of music on individual and prosocial behaviour, the musical preferences and the sound and rhythmic productions. Our results show that music induces behavioural differences and positive interactions in cockatiels, but not in jungle crows. A comparative study with children also shows a positive effects of music. Some cockatiels displayed individual preferences, but not the crows. Furthermore, the cockatiels produced several sounds with some sound objects that we provided them, one of them even using a tool in that purpose. Drumming sequences with some regularity were also recorded in both species. This work showed that the cockatiels fulfill several criteria that characterize music. It also allowed us to discuss several hypotheses regarding the evolution of music, and could inspire some ideas concerning animal welfare
Joubert, Anne. "Exploration et mémoire spatiale chez de jeunes babouins (Papio papio) : aspects cognitifs et sociaux." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22048.
Full textPothion, Stéphanie. "Déficits comportementaux liés au stress chronique léger imprévisible chez différentes lignées de souris adultes et âgées." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4021.
Full textEnvironmental factors influence the development of major depression. The unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model consists to expose mice to differents stressors that mimic stressful events of life. In our study, UCMS induced physical and behavioural alterations in mice : weight loss, sucrose consumption reduction, memory deficit, similar to the symptomatology of human depression. The alterations were different according to the age of animals and according to the strain of mice, suggesting a difference of sensitivity to stress according to the age and the genetic influence in depression. The efficacity of an antidepressant in the restauration of the normal behaviour has also been shown in mice exposed to UCMS. Therefore, the UCMS model allowed the investigation of stress effects on depressive state, cognitive deficits and aging
Canteloup, Charlotte. "Sur les traces de la théorie de l’Esprit chez les singes : compréhension de l’attention, des perceptions et des intentions d’autrui." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ087/document.
Full textTheory of Mind is the set of cognitive abilities allowing an individual to put himself in the place of others. Considered as specifically human for a long time, more and more complex social behaviours are reported in great apes, and more recently in some monkeys’ species. This work focuses on attention, perception and intention reading abilities in macaques in cooperative or competitive experiments and in interspecific and intraspecific situations. In these experiment, macaques behaved differently according to the attentional state, visual perception and intentions of their partners. However, the underlying mechanisms of these complex behaviours remain uncertain. Nonhuman primates would thus be very good behaviour readers, capable of decoding others behaviours via associative learning but could also use mental representations
Bouillet, Ophélie. "Plasticité individuelle : influence du statut social et de l’ontogenèse chez le canari domestique, serinus canaria." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100212/document.
Full textThis study demonstrated the social status influence on different individual caracteristics as song, personality or cognition in common domesticated canaries, Serinus canaria. Social rank associated with familiarity have an important influence on forraging strategies. This one is considered as personnality trait. Behavioral syndromes and photoperiods influence on repeatable personnality trait were suggested. Individual ontogeny as development acoustic condition has an impact on behavioral syndromes. These ones seem to be linked to the vocal production as song, and to the cognition as food research task learning. The social status influence the cognition in canaries. Nevertheless, no relation between different individual caracteristics and the heart rate has to be démonstrated
Le, Pendu Yvonnick. "Déterminismes proximaux des émergences sociales chez le Mouflon méditerranéen (Ovis gmelini). Concepts théoriques et analyse comparée : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30052.
Full textGuibé, Mathieu. "Conséquences psychobiologique et cognitive de l’expérience sensorielle pré- ou post- éclosion chez les nouveau-nés de deux espèces de seiche : Sepia officinalis et Sepia pharaonis : Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2086.
Full textThis PhD thesis is related to the cognitive ethology of embryos. It relies on a comparative study of learning in cuttlefish embryos of two species : Sepia officinalis and Sepia pharaonis. Observing behavioral response of embryos to tactile, chemical and visual stimulations, we established the calendar of sensory system development. Then, we confirmed the mnesic abilities of embryos: with a habituation process to visual stimulations and with familiarisation to prey features. We show that this learning based on familiarisation has the main features of imprinting. Our work demonstrated that many stimulations (predator, potential shelter, substrates, prey odor) can induce some behavioural modifications in both embryo and hatchling. Results in S. Pharaonis in Japan show analog abilities in this species' embryos, though evolving in a very different ecosystem from S. Officinalis. We discuss the hypothesis that learning abilities of cuttlefish embryos allow these species to adapt to a wide variety of environments
Grégoire, Stéphanie. "Développement de nouvelles méthodes d'évaluation de la douleur chez le rat par l'analyse des comportements spontanés et des perturbations émotionnelles et cognitives." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF1MM06.
Full textResearch in the field of pain management, including chronic pain management, needs innovationbecause available treatments are mostly old and often associated with many side effects. It is now wellrecognized that preclinical studies on pain have many limitations: the relevance of the models, the useof imposed painful stimulations, determination of simple thresholds or delays, taking into account thesensory-discriminative component of pain alone… Indeed, some molecules that are efficient inanimals and that are considered as promising, didn’t have the desired effect in humans. Therefore, thebasis of our research aims to propose new methods to assess chronic pain in animals taking intoaccount its multidimensional aspects. Many studies have shown impaired quality of life in patientssuffering from chronic pain. This alteration is characterized by emotional and cognitive disturbances.These components of pain are not always taken into account in animal when studying analgesictreatments, but could bring new preclinical possibilities and perspectives. Our work consisted instudying the impact of pain on spontaneous behaviours (automated formalin test), emotionalcomponent and cognitive capacities in rodents. This work has been completed by the exploration ofthe role of the amygdala in the mechanisms underlying those behavioural modifications.Improvement of the formalin test was conducted in order to better visualize the specific behaviorsobserved during an acute inflammatory pain. Our adaptation has allowed dissociating the analgesicand sedative effect of a molecule in a same animal, using an automated method which is faster and lesssubjective than the manual method.In the meantime, we assessed the impact of chronic pain on the emotional and cognitive performancesin two models of chronic pain (inflammatory and neuropathic). Animals suffering from chronicinflammatory pain have more important impairments than animal suffering from neuropathic pain,impairments that can be improved with a pharmacological treatment. Mechanistic studies using microinjectionsof morphine in the amygdala have emphasized an important involvement of the basolateralcomplex in these emotional and cognitive components of pain.These new behavioural approaches may help better characterize the overall impact of chronic pain inanimals and complete the battery of tests commonly used in preclinical studies. This could lead to amore realistic transposition of the results obtained from animals to humans, and thus lead to betterpredictability for the clinical efficacy of treatments. Finally, the identification of new targets forinnovative therapies involves the study of mechanisms responsible for these behavioral impairments
Gauvrit, Thibaut. "Conséquences d'un régime maternel riche en graisse durant la lactation chez la descendance dans un modèle murin de tauopathie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2024/2024ULILS006.pdf.
Full textNumerous studies indicate that disruption of the perinatal environment contributes to the development of diseases in adult offspring. The most studied disturbance is malnutrition, which affects over 2 billion people worldwide. Studies have associated maternal malnutrition with short- and long-term alterations in offspring, particularly an increase in metabolic and cognitive disorders. Although most studies have focused on consequences at the peripheral level, a few have shown effects on the brain, which develops mainly during lactation in mice and late pregnancy in humans. Indeed, research suggests that a high-fat (HF) diet during the perinatal period causes alterations in the hippocampus (a structure essential to cognitive processes). Moreover, since metabolic alterations are a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and cognitive impairment is a characteristic feature of the disease, it seems possible that maternal malnutrition may contribute to the development of AD. To date, few data are available, and no studies have applied the diet solely during lactation. Furthermore, no work has investigated the presence of a possible sexual dimorphism, despite the fact that AD affects women more than men. Thus, the main objective of my thesis work was to identify the effects of a maternal HF diet during lactation in adult male and female offspring in a mouse model mimicking the Tau pathology of AD (THY-Tau22 mice). To achieve this objective, C57Bl6/J females were crossed with THY-Tau22 males and subjected to a standard or HF (58% fat) diet during the 3-week lactation period. At weaning, THY-Tau22 offspring and their littermate were fed a standard diet until sacrifice at 4 (onset of Tau lesion) or 7 months of age (onset of cognitive decline). The results indicate that the HF maternal diet decreases maternal body weight during lactation and increases offspring body weight at weaning. In adulthood, the HF maternal diet induced glucose intolerance in male offspring only. The HF maternal diet also impaired spatial memory in male and female offspring, independently of genotype. In THY-Tau22 offspring, these disorders are accompanied by an increase in hippocampal Tau protein phosphorylation at 4 months of age in males and 7 months of age in females, highlighting a delay between the two sexes. Moreover, they are accompanied by an alteration in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, with increased proliferation in male C57Bl6/J offspring and mature neurons in female THY-Tau22 offspring. Furthermore, analyses reveal that the maternal HF diet modifies synapses, with a decrease in post-synaptic compartments in C57BL6/J females and in NR2B and SNAP25 proteins in THY-Tau22 males. Finally, using a multi-omics approach, we have shown that the maternal HF diet modifies the hippocampal transcriptome and proteome, affecting biological pathways associated with mitochondria, energy metabolism and translation, both in physiological and pathological conditions. However, the genes and proteins deregulated by maternal HF diet differ according to sex.Our data suggest that maternal malnutrition accelerates the onset of age-related alterations and tauopathy in offspring, and that its effects are sex-dependent. Our results confirm the importance of the perinatal environment as an opportune time for intervention in an attempt to stem the spread of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases
Cirilli, Laetitia. "Effets de la stimulation à haute fréquence du noyau sous-thalamique sur les fonctions motrices, cognitives et affectives : étude comportementale chez le singe sain et le singe MPTP." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10257.
Full textIn the Parkinson's disease, the high frequency stimulation (HFS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) improves considerably the patients’ motor symptoms. By contrast, its non motor effects, on cognition and behavior, are highly variable and remain poorly understood. The objective of the present longitudinal behavioral study was to study both the motor and non motor effects of HFS of the STN in normal as well as in parkinsonian monkeys. It involved two experimental and two control monkeys. In healthy animals, the HFS of the STN induced a decrease in exploratory behavior and an improvement of cognitive performance in associative learning and working memory tasks. Inter-individual differences were nevertheless observed in a motivational task (hypo- or hyper-motivation). We then investigated motor and non motor symptoms during and after MPTP intoxication. Besides the typical motor symptoms, parkinsonian monkeys showed early cognitive and motivational declines during the intoxication. After recovery, only mild motor and cognitive disorders remain detectable. Significant correlations emerged between the decrease in cognitive performance and clinical motor scores. In the final phase of the study, we compared the performance obtained in MPTP monkeys treated with L-Dopa and\or HFS of the STN. Both treatments seem equally efficient on motor symtoms. Neither had deleterious effects on cognition. Unlike L-Dopa therapy, however, the HFS of the STN alone seems to exacerbate hypo-exploration and hypo-motivation. To conclude, the HFS of STN has a more complex effect than a simple inhibition of the stimulated structure, and it would recruit differentially corticostriatal circuits involved in motor, cognitive and affective functions
Clegg, Isabella louisa. "Developing welfare parameters for bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) under human care." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD055/document.
Full textWelfare science is now an established discipline which enables objective measurements of animal welfare to be made. Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are a common cetacean species kept in captivity, and although questions are arising over their quality of life in this environment, very few studies have focussed on objectively measuring their welfare. This thesis aimed to address this lack of data by developing animal-based indicators of bottlenose dolphin welfare. An initial review identified potential dolphin welfare measures, before selected behavioural indicators were measured in relation to training sessions. A judgement bias test was then adapted to dolphins, where optimistic biases were significantly linked to higher frequencies of synchronous swimming in their ‘free-time’ and lower frequencies of anticipatory behaviour before training sessions, (concurring with there ward-sensitivity theory). A penultimate study showed that anticipatory behaviour predicted participation in the upcoming event, and positive Human-Animal Interactions were anticipated more than access to toys. A final, on-going experiment has developed and applied a standardised protocol for measuring dolphins’motivation during training sessions in relation to social and health-related welfare problems. Although overall welfare is still difficult to measure, this thesis has proposed some first measures of dolphin emotions and affective states. Synchronous swimming is a likely indicator of positive emotions and social support, although more research should investigate variability between contexts. Anticipatory behaviour seemed to indicate motivation for events, and we suggest it reflects reward sensitivity as in other animals : further work into frequency thresholds would render it a valuable welfare indicator. A major objective of the thesis is to stimulate more research on welfare measures for bottlenose dolphins and other cetacean species in captivity
Benard, Julie. "Apprentissages visuels chez l'abeille Apis mellifera : de la généralisation à l'extraction de règles." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/125/.
Full textThis work presents different kind of visual learning with increasing cognitive requirements in free-flying honeybees Apis mellifera, from color generalization to rules extraction. We first study color generalization in bees trained to two rewarding colors, and we observe that their performances are consistent with a linear summation of the two generalization gradients generated by two trained colors. These gradients are asymmetric as control bees respond to the test stimuli as if these belong to different similarity classes in spite of having similar perceptual distances separating them. Our results suggest that color categories could exist in honeybees. Therefore, in a second study we show that bees can master a color categorization task. Bees treat bluish and yellowish stimuli as belonging to different classes. In a third study, we show that bees trained with complex achromatic patterns sharing a common layout comprising four edge orientations remember these orientations simultaneously in their appropriate positions. Moreover, we show that bees can use this kind of representation to categorize novel stimuli, and that stimulation of the achromatic L-photoreceptor is necessary for this task. In the last study, we asked whether bees could solve a transitive inference problem. We find that bees do not establish transitive inferences but, rather, guide their choices by the joint action of a recency effect and the associative strength of the stimuli. This all work contributes to a better comprehension of the visual cognitive abilities in insects and to determine precisely the abilities of the small bee brain to situate cognitive research into an appropriate comparative frame
Marquis, Jean-Philippe. "Effets d'une lésion néonatale de l'hippocampe ventral sur les fonctions cognitives du cortex préfrontal et de l'hippocampe chez le rat : un modèle neurodéveloppemental de la schizophrénie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25453/25453.pdf.
Full textSansig, Gilles. "Des souris knock-out pour le récepteur métabotrope au glutamate mGluR7 révèlent son rôle dans la cognition et les émotions." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ018/document.
Full textMetabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) consist of eight different subtypes and exert their effects on second messengers and ion channels via G-proteins. The function of individual mGluR subtypes in the CNS, however, largely remains to be clarified. To study the role of mGluR7 receptors, we used homologous recombination to generate mice lacking this metabotropic receptor subtype (mGluR7). Immunohistochemical and immunoelectron-microscopic analyses showed that mGluR7 is highly expressed in amygdala and preferentially localized at the presynaptic axon terminals of glutamatergic neurons, suggesting strongly that mGluR7 is involved in neural processes subserving amygdala-dependent averse responses. To examine amygdala-dependent behavior, we examined first the fear response of freezing after electric shock in wild-type and mGluR7 (mGluR7-/-) knockout littermates. Wild-type mice displayed freezing immediately after footshock. In comparison, mGluR7 knockout mice showed significantly reduced levels in both immediate postshock and delayed freezing responses. However, the knockout mice exhibited no abnormalities in pain sensitivity and locomotor activity. Secondly, we performed conditioned taste aversion (CTA) experiments. In wild-type mice, the administration of saccharin followed by intraperitoneal injection of the malaise-inducing agent LiCl resulted in an association between saccharin and LiCl. This association caused strong CTA toward saccharin. In contrast, mGluR7 knockout mice failed to associate between the taste and the negative reinforcer in CTA experiments. Again, the knockout mice showed no abnormalities in taste preference and in the sensitivity to LiCl toxicity. These results indicated that mGluR7 deficiency causes an impairment of two distinct amygdala-dependent behavioral paradigms. Because the amygdale function is essential for these two distinct behavioral paradigms, our results suggest that mGluR7 is critical in amygdale function. The amygdale is a brain region that is known to be critical for the manifestation of anxiolysis and antidepressant action and glutamatergic neurotransmission has been strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of affective disorders. To this end we analyzed the behavioral profiles of mGluR7-/- mice in animal models of depression and anxiety. mGluR7-/- mice were compared to wildtype littermates and showed substantially less behavioural immobility in both the forced swim test and the tail suspension test. Both behavioural paradigms are widely used to predict antidepressant-like activity. Further, mGluR7-/- mice displayed anxiolytic activity in four different behavioural tests namely the light-dark box, the elevated plus maze, the staircase test, and the stress-induced hyperthermia test, while their cognitive performance was normal in the passive avoidance paradigm. [...]
Grandgeorge, Marine. "Le lien à l'animal permet-il une récupération sociale et cognitive chez l'enfant avec autisme ?" Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662840.
Full textDépy, Delphine. "Latéralisation hémisphérique dans le traitement des relations spatiales et catégorisation chez l'humain et le babouin." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11010.
Full textElkhessaimi, Abderrahim. "Etude comportementale chez l'animal. Application à la pharmacologie : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30253.
Full textWolff, Mathieu. "Caractérisation cognitive de souris mutantes pour les récepteurs 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B et 5-HT4 : aspects méthodologiques, dissociations comportementales et systèmes de mémoire." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12854.
Full textGrundmann, Emmanuelle. "Intérêt de la réhabilitation et de la réintroduction dans la conservation des orangs-outans et des autres grands primates : eco-éthologie et cognition des orangs-outans (Pongo pygmaeus) réintroduits en forêt de Meratus, Indonésie." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MNHN0044.
Full textThe orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii), living on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra are amongst the first victims of the large-scale deforestation and exploitation of the south-east tropical rainforest and their future is today joepardized. The increasing orangutan pet trade is accelerating even more this decline. The situation is so critical that if nothing’s done, the researcher hypothesized that orangutan will be extinct in the next ten years (van Schaik et al 2001). Several intitiatives and measures have been set up (???) to stop the pet trade on one hand and protect the last remaining wild population and their habitat on the other hand. Rehabilitation and reintroduction of confiscated orangutans back to their original habitat was initiated in the 1960s in the double perspective of fighting against the orangutan pet trade and reinforce the already established wild populations. This method implies for the Primates a complete cognitive restructuration as well as a re-shaping of their behaviours in accordance with their awaiting new way of life. They have to lose the dependance towards humans that has been imprinted on them during their captivity, avoid contact with humans and acquire the behavioural repertoire of the species. The orangutan community that has been reintroduced in the Meratus forest since 1997 presents an ideal opportunity to study the success and failures of the readaptation of individual whose maternal bond has been broken at various ages, interrupting their learning phase and try to understand which abilities were deficient or absent in those individuals. This study enable us also to evaluate the relevance of reintroduction in the conservation efforts of great Apes
Lenck-Santini, Pierre-Pascal. "Etude des relations entre l'activité des cellules de lieu hippocampiques et les propriétés des comportements spatiaux chez le rat." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11034.
Full textHarvey, Philippe-Olivier. "L'effet d'une exposition prénatale au mercure méthylé sur le comportement et les fonctions cognitives des souris." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/46421.
Full textVinauger, Clément. "Apprentissage et mémoire chez les insectes vecteurs de maladies humaines." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4045/document.
Full textLearning and memory contribute to animals' fitness by allowing them adapting to variable environments. Thses two processes make them able to extract and use information from their environment in order to reduce the uncertainty associated with unpredictible environments. Among insects, fruit flies and honeybees are considered as classical models for the study of learning and memory. The amount of work that has been done on these models provide a considerable amount of information regarding the genetic, neurobiological and molecular basis of these processes and revealed the complexity of insects' cognitive abilities. All this knowledge acquired in model species, contrasts surprisingly with the lack of knowledge available regarding insect species that are involved in animal and human diseases transmission. Yet, it has been aknowledge that the detailed study of vectors cognitive abilities would allow the understanding of their adaptation to haematophagy, of their vectorial importance and provide new tools for diseases control. Up to date, studies focusing on disaese vectors, mainly in mosquitoes, were conducted in natural or not completely controled contexts and thus no clear demonstration of learning and memory is availaible.The main goal of this work was to provide a controled experimental context allowing the strudy of learning abilities in the haematophagous bug \textit{Rhodnius prolixus}. Our results show that these insectes are able to learn to associate the delivery of a same neutral odour either with the possibility to obtain a reward (blood-meal, appetitive conditioning) or with the possibility to receive a punishment (mechanical shock, aversive conditioning). We also showed that learning ans memory are involved in host selection processes. In a second part, we adapted to our biological model the paradigm of proboscis extension response conditioning, which allowed us to analyse and characterize its learning abilities. The maximal retention duration as well as the modulation of learning abilities by circadian clocks were evinced. Taken as a whole, this work provides the first experimental demonstration of learning abilities in Chagas disease vectors and provides experimental and methodological tools; These latters should allow improving the understanding of the mechanisms that are underlying cearning abilities of haematophagous insects in general. Results are also discussed in the context of host selection and parasite transmission
Girard, Emmanuelle. "Altérations génétiques des cholinestérases chez des souris : conséquences morphologiques et fonctionnelles à la jonction neuromusculaire." Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00160337.
Full textNous avons choisi une approche génétique pour analyser le rôle des cholinestérases dans la transmission neuromusculaire. Nous disposons de plusieurs lignées de souris qui présentent un déficit dans l'hydrolyse de l'ACh à la jonction neuromusculaire. Certaines de ces souris génétiquement modifiées n'ont plus d'activité enzymatique AChE (souris AChE KO) dans tous les tissus, d'autres ne possèdent que la forme moléculaire soluble de l'AChE (souris AChE Del E5,6), d'autres sont dépourvues de la forme ancrée à la membrane par un glycophospholipide (souris AChE Del E5/neo) ou des formes ancrées à la membrane par PRiMA (souris PRiMA KO) ou totalement de BChE (souris BChE KO). La caractérisation des JNM de ces souris par des approches électrophysiologiques et de microscopie confocale nous a permis d'appréhender les rôles des différentes formes moléculaires des cholinestérases dans la transmission neuromusculaire ainsi que les éventuelles adaptations pré- et postsynaptiques qui conditionnent l'efficacité synaptique.
Malgré l'absence totale ou partielle d'AChE, les souris développent des contractions tétaniques dans une gamme de fréquences physiologiques (10 à 100 Hz) mais ne peuvent pas les maintenir constantes à des fréquences supérieures à 30 Hz. Chez ces souris, l'inhibition de la BChE entraîne une accentuation de la dépression de ces réponses, ce qui suggère que la BChE joue un rôle de modulateur dans la transmission synaptique. De plus, les cours temporels des réponses synaptiques enregistrées au niveau des JNM sont augmentés de par l'activation répétitive des récepteurs nicotiniques de l'ACh (RnACh) par l'ACh. Enfin, des remodelages pré- et postsynaptiques post-nataux ont été mis en évidence au niveau des JNM. Ces remodelages synaptiques sont probablement dus à l'adaptation des RnACh et des terminaisons nerveuses motrices face à l'absence d'activité enzymatique de l'AChE.
Nous proposons que, chez ces souris génétiquement modifiées, la petite taille des aires de distribution des RnACh ainsi que la discontinuité des amas de ces récepteurs et de celle des terminaisons nerveuses permettent à l'ACh de diffuser facilement et rapidement hors de la fente synaptique.
Belhaoues, Rachid. "La découverte de règles chez l'homme et la souris : étude chez des sujets sains et cérébro-lésés." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11022.
Full textDarcet, Flavie. "Rôle du récepteur 5-HT4 et de la protéine beta-arrestine 1 dans la modulation des processus émotionnels et cognitifs dans un modèle d'anxiété-dépression." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS126/document.
Full textCognitive disturbances are often reported as serious incapacitating symptoms by patients suffering from major depressive disorders. Recent studies showed that these mood disorders could benefit from the modulation of 5-HT4 receptor pathway. Here, we performed a complete characterization of cognitive functions in a neuroendocrine mouse model of depression, the CORT model. We then evaluated emotional and cognitive effects of either a chronic 5-HT4 receptor agonist treatment, RS 67333 or fluoxetine, a classical monoaminergic antidepressant. Recent data indicate that β-arrestins proteins could be an important molecular determinant in depressive states and in the effects of antidepressants. We determined emotional and cognitive phenotypes in conditional tissue-specific mice in which expression of β-arrestin 1 in adult hippocampal stem cells was deleted. This work suggests that the 5-HT4 receptor plays a major role to correct not only anxiety/depression-related symptoms but also cognitive alterations in a mouse model of anxiety/depression model. Moreover, these data confirm the involvement of β-arrestin 1 protein in behavioral and neurogenic responses to fluoxetine treatment in adult mice. Finally, β-arrestin 1 protein expression in adult born neuron is critical for cognition and also to fluoxetine and RS 67333 response
Genty, Emilie. "Etude des facultés cognitives des lémuriens : L'inhibition comportementale chez le lémur brun (Eulemur Fulvus) et le lémur noir (Eulemur Macaco)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2005/GENTY_Emilie_2005.pdf.
Full textThe present work assessed the inhibition of action in two species of lemurs: brown lemurs (Eulemur fulvus) and black lemurs (Eulemur macaco). In a first study, their self control ability was assessed in a food-choice task using a reverse-reward contingency (that consisted in reinforcing the subject with the quantity of food it did not select). As other primates, lemurs initially showed an significant and impulsive bias toward the larger quantity of food. The application of an appropriate training permitted the lemurs to overcome their impulsivity and to learn to reliably select the smaller quantity of food to receive the larger one. Their performances were maintained when the original reverse-reward contingency was rerun, even several months later. They were able to transpose their acquired ability to novel array-size combinations, thus revealing some numerical skills. They spontaneously transferred their self-control ability to arrays of food varying in their qualitative value and learned to reliably select the numeric symbol associated with the smaller quantity of food to obtain the larger one. In a second study, we asked whether lemurs could learn to deceive a human experimenter. The subjects were trained to communicate about the location of a hidden reward to a cooperative trainer. When a competitive trainer was introduced, they were able to maintain their performance with the cooperative trainer, and showed individual behavioural adjustments in the competitive context: some subjects refused to participate, others withheld information about the location of the reward, and one subject reliably increased his choices of the unbaited location to mislead this trainer
Broly, Pierre. "Mécanismes et fonctionnalités de l’agrégation chez les isopodes terrestres." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/218277.
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Romain, Amélie. "Prise de décision en situation risquée ou ambiguë chez les primates : quels sont les mécanismes cognitifs, biais de jugement et calculs économiques impliqués ? : Étude comparative chez les singes, les grands singes et l’Homme." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ014/document.
Full textAnimals, like people, have to deal with imperfect knowledge of potential out comes when making everyday life decisions. Many studies focus on mechanisms of decision making, yet their evolutionary origin remains unknown. To better understand the universality and the origin of the mechanisms of decision making in primates, this work combines an onto genetic approach (children - adults) and phylogenetic (monkeys - apes) associated with ethology and experimental economics. The experimental method - a gambling game - has been applied in a similar way to all species, and the results have been analyzed using classical economic models. Under risk, monkeys and apes have incorporated the probabilities of gains and losses in their decision,whereas children under 5 years old were unable. However, all groups studied expressed errors of judgment, therefore confirming an ancient evolutionary origin. Under ambiguity, non-human primates have managed to adapt their strategies to maximize their overall benefits
Vallée, Monique. "Influences des évènements péri-nataux sur le vieillissement de l'activité de l'axe corticotrope et des capacités cognitives et conatives chez le rat." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28477.
Full textDacher, Matthieu. "Rôle des récepteurs nicotiniques dans différentes formes de mémoire chez l'abeille Apis mellifera." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529094.
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