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Journal articles on the topic 'Cognition disorders – Diagnosis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Vega-Rodríguez, Yuri E., Elena Garayzabal-Heinze, and Esther Moraleda-Sepúlveda. "Language Development Disorder in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD), a Case Study." Languages 5, no. 4 (2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages5040037.

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Prenatal alcohol exposure can cause developmental damage in children. There are different types and ranges of alterations that fall under the name of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Disabilities in learning, cognition, and behavior are observed. Environmental conditions are an influencing factor in this population since they are generally adverse and are either not diagnosed at an early stage or given the appropriate support and approach. We present a case study of a 9-year-old child, in which all the variables affecting his development (FASD diagnosis and socioenvironmental condition

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Pillon, B., B. Dubois, and Y. Agid. "Testing cognition may contribute to the diagnosis of movement disorders." Neurology 46, no. 2 (1996): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.46.2.329.

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Trotti, Rebekah L., Sunny Abdelmageed, David A. Parker, et al. "Neural Processing of Repeated Emotional Scenes in Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Bipolar Disorder." Schizophrenia Bulletin 47, no. 5 (2021): 1473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbab018.

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Abstract Impaired emotional processing and cognitive functioning are common in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorders, causing significant socioemotional disability. While a large body of research demonstrates abnormal cognition/emotion interactions in these disorders, previous studies investigating abnormalities in the emotional scene response using event-related potentials (ERPs) have yielded mixed findings, and few studies compare findings across psychiatric diagnoses. The current study investigates the effects of emotion and repetition on ERPs in a large, well-chara

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Kauliņa, Anda. "Cognitive Analysis of 9 to 11-Year-Old Children With Intellectual Development Disorders." Journal of Pedagogy and Psychology "Signum Temporis" 9, no. 1 (2017): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sigtem-2017-0006.

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Abstract Cognitive development significantly influences efficiency and results of child’s understanding and comprehension of the world. Attention and cognition play a significant role to ensure academic achievement and success. Attention is essential for purposeful planning of action and systematic work. Attention is necessary to follow the study material and for physical survival in everyday life. Cognition is significant in decision making and evaluating possible outcomes, being especially important in children with cognitive development disorders. The aim of the present study was to find ou

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Dumas, Louise-Emilie, Arnaud Fernandez, Philippe Auby, and Florence Askenazy. "Relationship between social cognition and emotional markers and acoustic-verbal hallucination in youth with post-traumatic stress disorder: Protocol for a prospective, 2-year, longitudinal case-control study." PLOS ONE 19, no. 7 (2024): e0306338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306338.

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Introduction Auditory-verbal hallucinatory experiences (AVH) have a 12% prevalence in the general pediatric population. Literature reports a higher risk of developing AVH in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The persistence of AVHs during adolescence represents a risk of evolution into psychotic disorders. Social cognition and emotional markers could be considered prodromes markers of this evolution. The objectives of this prospective observational study are to observe social cognition and emotional markers correlation with the presence and persistence of AVH over two years and with the e

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Llamas-Velasco, Sara, Fernando Sierra-Hidalgo, Lucia Llorente-Ayuso, Alejandro Herrero-San Martín, Alberto Villarejo Galende, and Félix Bermejo Pareja. "Inter-Rater Agreement in the Clinical Diagnosis of Cognitive Status: Data from the Neurological Disorders in Central Spain 2 Pilot Study." Neuroepidemiology 47, no. 1 (2016): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000447699.

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Background: To assess the diagnostic agreement of cognitive status (dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), normal cognition) among neurologists in the field of neurological disorders in Central Spain 2 study. Methods: Full medical histories of 30 individuals were provided to 27 neurologists: 9 seniors, 10 juniors and 8 residents. For each case, we were asked to assign a diagnosis of dementia, MCI or normal cognition using the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroup (NIA-AA) core clinical criteria for all-cause dementia, Winblad et al. criteria for MCI, and analyze int

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Lewandowski, K. E., S. H. Sperry, B. M. Cohen, and D. Öngür. "Cognitive variability in psychotic disorders: a cross-diagnostic cluster analysis." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 15 (2014): 3239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291714000774.

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Background.Cognitive dysfunction is a core feature of psychotic disorders; however, substantial variability exists both within and between subjects in terms of cognitive domains of dysfunction, and a clear ‘profile’ of cognitive strengths and weaknesses characteristic of any diagnosis or psychosis as a whole has not emerged. Cluster analysis provides an opportunity to group individuals using a data-driven approach rather than predetermined grouping criteria. While several studies have identified meaningful cognitive clusters in schizophrenia, no study to date has examined cognition in a cross-

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Spivak, Y. "Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 28, no. 3 (2024): 550–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2024-28(3)-29.

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Annotation. In most cases, treatment does not take into account the state of cognition, which always accompanies the patient in the form of cognitive disorders of varying degrees of severity. To date, there is no established system for the comprehensive examination of patients with multiple sclerosis that includes not only the management of classic syndromes but also the diagnosis and treatment of cognitive disorders. The objective is to review scientific sources on multiple sclerosis, analyze the latest data on the characteristics of cognitive dysfunction and neurodegeneration in patients wit

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Foley, J. M., M. J. Wright, A. L. Gooding, et al. "Operationalization of the updated diagnostic algorithm for classifying HIV-related cognitive impairment and dementia." International Psychogeriatrics 23, no. 5 (2010): 835–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610210002085.

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ABSTRACTBackground: This study applies the updated HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) diagnostic algorithm.Methods: Participants were 210 HIV-infected-adults, classified using proposed HAND criteria: HIV-Associated Dementia (HAD), Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (MND), Asymptomatic Neurocognitive Impairment (ANI).Results: The algorithm yielded: normal = 32.8%, ANI = 21.4%, MND = 34.3%, and HAD = 11.4%. Normal participants performed superior to HAND-defined participants on cognition, and HAD participants performed more poorly on global cognition and executive functioning. Two distinct

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McIntyre, Roger S., Nicole Anderson, Bernhard T. Baune, et al. "Expert Consensus on Screening and Assessment of Cognition in Psychiatry." CNS Spectrums 24, no. 1 (2019): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852918001189.

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During the past two decades, it has been amply documented that neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) disproportionately account for burden of illness attributable to chronic non-communicable medical disorders globally. It is also likely that human capital costs attributable to NPDs will disproportionately increase as a consequence of population aging and beneficial risk factor modification of other common and chronic medical disorders (e.g., cardiovascular disease). Notwithstanding the availability of multiple modalities of antidepressant treatment, relatively few studies in psychiatry have primar

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Sezgin, Mine, Basar Bilgic, Sule Tinaz, and Murat Emre. "Parkinson's Disease Dementia and Lewy Body Disease." Seminars in Neurology 39, no. 02 (2019): 274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1678579.

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AbstractDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PD-D) are Lewy body-related neurodegenerative disorders sharing common clinical and neuropathological findings. The clinical features of both conditions include cognitive impairment, behavioral symptoms, autonomic dysfunction, sleep disorders, and parkinsonism. The cognitive profile of both disorders is characterized by particularly severe deficits in executive and visuospatial functions as well as attention. Clinical differentiation between DLB and PD-D is based on an arbitrary distinction between the time of onset of p

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Chen, Xuyu. "The diversity of clinical features of depressive disorders and their diagnostic challenges." Transactions on Materials, Biotechnology and Life Sciences 2 (April 24, 2024): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/tfy16r18.

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Depression disorder, a mental illness characterized by persistent low mood, has a variety of symptoms, including emotional, cognitive, physiological and behavioral manifestations. However, the non-specificity of these symptoms, the differences in subjective feelings of patients, the influence of sociocultural factors, and the concealment of patients all pose challenges for the accurate diagnosis of depressive disorders. This paper discusses the clinical characteristics of depressive disorder and the challenges faced in the diagnosis process, and puts forward coping strategies and suggestions,

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Rabbani, N., and P. J. Thornalley. "Autism Spectrum Disorders — in Search of Mechanistic Biomarkers." Autism and Developmental Disorders 17, no. 1 (2019): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/autdd.2019170103.

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Autism spectrum disorders are a group of neuropsychiatric conditions of increasing prevalence. They are initially detected in early development of children. Diagnosis is currently made on the basis of clinical behaviour and cognition. Improvements in accuracy, timeliness and access to diagnosis to help manage the condition is high on the agenda of the autistic communities. A blood test may help for early-stage detection of autism spectrum disorders to focus support where required — particularly when symptoms are most challenging. This article discusses briefly the scientific basis of diagnosis

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Robillard, Manon, Annie Roy-Charland, and Sylvie Cazabon. "The Role of Cognition on Navigational Skills of Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 7 (2018): 1579–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-s-17-0206.

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Purpose This study examined the role of cognition on the navigational process of a speech-generating device (SGD) among individuals with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The objective was to investigate the role of various cognitive factors (i.e., cognitive flexibility, sustained attention, categorization, fluid reasoning, and working memory) on the ability to navigate an SGD with dynamic paging and taxonomic grids in individuals with ASD. Method Twenty individuals aged 5 to 20 years with ASD were assessed using the Leiter International Performance Scale–Revised (Roid & Mille

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Mendelevich, Vladimir D., Maria K. Nesterina, and Veronika N. Konovalova. "Quasipsychotic Phenomena in Autism Spectrum Disorders." Neurology Bulletin LVII, no. 2 (2025): 100–112. https://doi.org/10.17816/nb677141.

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This article presents a diagnostically ambiguous clinical case of a patient, Yakov, who had been classified as disabled since childhood due to a diagnosis of childhood-onset schizophrenia with an oligophrenic-like defect. Since the age of 3 years, he has been repeatedly hospitalized in psychiatric facilities and received antipsychotic therapy. However, during a specialized psychiatric assessment at the age of 23 years, the diagnosis of schizophrenia was not confirmed, as the observed psychopathological symptoms did not align with the diagnostic criteria. The initial diagnosis of childhood schi

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Tedaldi, Ellen M., Nancy L. Minniti, and Tracy Fischer. "HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: The Relationship of HIV Infection with Physical and Social Comorbidities." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/641913.

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The prevalence of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) will undoubtedly increase with the improved longevity of HIV-infected persons. HIV infection, itself, as well as multiple physiologic and psychosocial factors can contribute to cognitive impairment and neurologic complications. These comorbidities confound the diagnosis, assessment, and interventions for neurocognitive disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of several key comorbid factors that may contribute significantly to the development and progression of HIV-related neurocognitive impai

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Kuklińska, Marta, Emilia J. Sitek, Bogna Brockhuis, Anna Barczak, Beata Hintze, and Ewa Narożańska. "Behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia – selected diagnostic dilemmas in neuropsychiatry." Aktualności Neurologiczne 20, no. 2 (2020): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/an.2020.0010.

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Introduction: Differential diagnosis of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia remains a challenge for neurologists and psychiatrists as some behavioural symptoms of this illness and psychiatric disorders, such as apathy, are not specific. Aim: The paper aims at presenting the differential diagnosis of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia and primary psychiatric disorders. Discussion: Behavioural symptoms of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia overlap with symptoms typical for primary psychiatric disorders. Psychotic symptoms, apathy and inappropriate behaviour are prominen

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Ferretti, Renata Eloah de Lucena, Antonio Eduardo Damin, Sonia Maria Dozzi Brucki, et al. "Post-Mortem diagnosis of dementia by informant interview." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 4, no. 2 (2010): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642010dn40200011.

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Abstract The diagnosis of normal cognition or dementia in the Brazilian Brain Bank of the Aging Brain Study Group (BBBABSG) has relied on postmortem interview with an informant. Objectives: To ascertain the sensitivity and specificity of postmortem diagnosis based on informant interview compared against the diagnosis established at a memory clinic. Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the BBBABSG and at the Reference Center for Cognitive Disorders (RCCD), a specialized memory clinic of the Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo Medical School. Control subjects and cognitively

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Schnakers, Caroline, Michaela Hirsch, Enrique Noé, et al. "Covert Cognition in Disorders of Consciousness: A Meta-Analysis." Brain Sciences 10, no. 12 (2020): 930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10120930.

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Covert cognition in patients with disorders of consciousness represents a real diagnostic conundrum for clinicians. In this meta-analysis, our main objective was to identify clinical and demographic variables that are more likely to be associated with responding to an active paradigm. Among 2018 citations found on PubMed, 60 observational studies were found relevant. Based on the QUADAS-2, 49 studies were considered. Data from 25 publications were extracted and included in the meta-analysis. Most of these studies used electrophysiology as well as counting tasks or mental imagery. According to

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Giménez, Sandra, Miren Altuna, Esther Blessing, Ricardo M. Osorio, and Juan Fortea. "Sleep Disorders in Adults with Down Syndrome." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 14 (2021): 3012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10143012.

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Sleep disorders, despite being very frequent in adults with Down syndrome (DS), are often overlooked due to a lack of awareness by families and physicians and the absence of specific clinical sleep guidelines. Untreated sleep disorders have a negative impact on physical and mental health, behavior, and cognitive performance. Growing evidence suggests that sleep disruption may also accelerate the progression to symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in this population. It is therefore imperative to have a better understanding of the sleep disorders associated with DS in order to treat them, and i

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Chen, Ruei-An, Chun-Yi Lee, Yu Lee, et al. "Defining cognitive profiles of depressive patients using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Affective Disorders." PeerJ 7 (August 1, 2019): e7432. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7432.

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Background Cognitive impairments in patients with depressive disorders have a negative impact on their daily skill functioning and quality of life. In this study, we evaluated the cognitive profiles and associated factors of patients with depressive disorders with the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Affective Disorders (BAC-A). Methods This cross-sectional study consisted of 75 patients with depressive disorders (56 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 19 patients with depressive disorder NOS or dysthymic disorder (non-MDD)). We evaluated the participants’ cognitive functions at

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Olichney, John, Jiangyi Xia, Kevin J. Church, and Hans J. Moebius. "Predictive Power of Cognitive Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Disease Drug Development: Utility of the P300 Event-Related Potential." Neural Plasticity 2022 (November 8, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2104880.

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Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and their associated deterioration of cognitive function are common causes of disability. The slowly developing pathology of neurodegenerative diseases necessitates early diagnosis and monitored long-term treatment. Lack of effective therapies coupled with an improved rate of early diagnosis in our aging population have created an urgent need for the development of novel drugs, as well as the need for reliable biomarkers for treatment response. These issues are especially relevant for AD, in which the rate of clinical trial drug fai

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Ducharme, Simon, Annemiek Dols, Robert Laforce, et al. "Recommendations to distinguish behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia from psychiatric disorders." Brain 143, no. 6 (2020): 1632–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa018.

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Abstract The behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is a frequent cause of early-onset dementia. The diagnosis of bvFTD remains challenging because of the limited accuracy of neuroimaging in the early disease stages and the absence of molecular biomarkers, and therefore relies predominantly on clinical assessment. BvFTD shows significant symptomatic overlap with non-degenerative primary psychiatric disorders including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, autism spectrum disorders and even personality disorders. To date, ∼50%

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Mughal, Rabya, Catherine M. Hill, Anna Joyce, and Dagmara Dimitriou. "Sleep and Cognition in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)." Brain Sciences 10, no. 11 (2020): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10110863.

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Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) experience significantly higher rates of sleep disturbances than their typically developing peers. However, little is known about the association between sleep and the cognitive phenotype in these clinical populations. Structural damage affecting cortical and subcortical connectivity occurs as a result of prenatal alcohol exposure in children with FASD, whilst it is believed an abundance of short-range connectivity explains the phenotypic manifestations of childhood ASD. These underlying neural structural

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Rockwood, Kenneth, Heather Davis, Chris MacKnight, et al. "The Consortium to Investigate Vascular Impairment of Cognition: Methods and First Findings." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 30, no. 3 (2003): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100002663.

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Background:The Consortium to Investigate Vascular Impairment of Cognition (CIVIC) is a Canadian, multi-centre, clinic-based prospective cohort study of patients with Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI). We report its organization and the impact of diagnostic criteria on the study of VCI.Methods:Nine memory disability clinics enrolled patients and recorded their usual investigations and care. A case report form included all vascular dementia (VaD) individual criteria for each of four sets (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS-AIREN), Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnostic Trea

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Bourin, Michel. "Arterial Hypertension and Cognitive Disorders: What are the Risks?" SAR Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience 4, no. 03 (2023): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjpn.2023.v04i03.002.

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Prevention of cognitive disorders and dementia is a major public health issue. Several studies have found a significant association between the existence of arterial hypertension and the onset of cognitive disorders and dementia (vascular or Alzheimer's disease) several years later. Arterial hypertension causes vascular changes that affect blood flow and brain metabolism. Cognitive disorders may be related to the presence of focal ischemic lesions (infarction, lacunae) and/or chronic white matter ischemia (leucoaraiosis) related to damage to the small cerebral arteries (arteriosclerosis). Rece

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Oudman, Erik, Nairobi J. Vlot, Sioux van Stigt Thans, Misha J. Oey, and Albert Postma. "47 Social Cognition and Moral Decision Making in Korsakoff's Syndrome." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 29, s1 (2023): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617723010330.

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Objective:Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder, caused by vitamin B1 insufficiency. KS is characterized by severe declarative amnesia. Often, also executive disorders are present. Emotion recognition and theory of mind are gold-standard measures of social cognition. Moral decision making is often assessed by means of moral dilemmas. Surprisingly social cognition and moral decision making has received hardly any attention in research on KS, although the severity of behavioural problems in KS suggest possible problems in both domains. The aim of this study was therefore to br

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Morais, A. S., R. Gomes, and N. Descalço. "Lost in Translation – What is Alexithymia." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (2022): S218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.568.

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Introduction Alexithymia is considered a personality trait characterized by difficulties in identifying and expressing emotions, impoverished fantasy life and tendency toward action-oriented or ‘operational’ Thinking. There are alterations in cognitive processing and regulation of emotions, and tendency to somatization. Objectives The authors examine literature regarding the concept of alexithymia, exploring the current definition and role in the clinic, research findings and proposed management. Methods A brief non-systematized review is presented, using the literature available on PubMed and

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McHutchison, Caroline A., Danielle Jane Leighton, Andrew McIntosh, et al. "Relationship between neuropsychiatric disorders and cognitive and behavioural change in MND." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 91, no. 3 (2019): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2019-321737.

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ObjectiveIn this population-based study, we aimed to determine whether neuropsychiatric history, medication or family history of neuropsychiatric disorders predicted cognitive and/or behavioural impairment in motor neuron disease (MND).MethodsPeople with MND (pwMND) on the Scottish Clinical, Audit, Research and Evaluation of MND (CARE-MND) register, diagnosed from January 2015 to January 2018, with cognitive and/or behavioural data measured using the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen were included. Data were extracted on patient neuropsychiatric, medication and family history of n

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TAVARES, J. V. TAYLOR, W. C. DREVETS, and B. J. SAHAKIAN. "Cognition in mania and depression." Psychological Medicine 33, no. 6 (2003): 959–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291703008432.

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The inclusion of cognitive symptoms in the DSM-IV criteria for major depressive and manic episodes highlight the importance of cognition in both of these psychiatric disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). For example, criteria for diagnosis of these conditions include a diminished ability to concentrate and indecisiveness. In addition, numerous studies have demonstrated wide-ranging cognitive deficits in depression (for example Elliott et al. 1996; Purcell et al. 1997; Murphy et al. 2003) and mania (Goldberg et al. 1993; Murphy et al. 1999, 2001; Sweeney et al. 2000). These includ

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Gupta, Aman, and Aashish Gambhir. "PET CT Brain for the Differential Diagnosis of Dementia -Indian Case Reports." Open Neurology Journal 14, no. 1 (2020): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874205x02014010068.

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India has been termed as Diabetic hub of the globe. Along with other complications, one of the underestimated complication is cognitive decline and memory loss associated with poor diabetes control. In the Indian context, structural imaging like MRI-Magnetic Resonance imaging is more commonly used in Neurological disorders such as stroke, head injury, Functional imaging of the human brain has been underutilized in the Indian scenario. One such technique is PET CT which has been typically used as a cancer biomarker in India. By virtue of current case study, we propose i) association between poo

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Cherkasova, A. N., K. A. Yatsko, M. S. Kovyazina, et al. "DETECTING PHENOMENON OF “COVERT COGNITION” IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC DISORDERS OF CONSCIOUSNESS: A REVIEW OF fMRI DATA WITH PARADIGMS." Журнал высшей нервной деятельности им. И.П. Павлова 73, no. 3 (2023): 291–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044467723030048.

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In recent decades, the use of instrumental methods has significantly expanded the diagnosis of signs of consciousness in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness (DOC). The phenomenon of “covert cognition” was described with their help. This review highlights studies on the detection of “covert cognition” in patients with DOC using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Most types of passive and active paradigms used for this purpose are analyzed and systematized. Special attention is paid to an integrated approach with a combination of different paradigms and research methods. The imp

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Lozupone, M., F. Veneziani, L. Lofano, et al. "Educational level influenced the gold standard diagnosis of late-life depression in the GreatAGE study." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2068.

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IntroductionThe validity of the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30) in detecting late-life depression (LLD) requires a certain level of cognitive functioning. Further research is needed in population-based setting on other socio-demographic and cognitive variables that could potentially influence the accuracy of clinician rated depression.ObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic accuracy of two instruments used to assess depressive disorders [(GDS-30) and the Semi-structured Clinical Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders (SCID)] among three groups with different levels of cogni

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Correia, Pamela, Roopal Panchani, Rajeev Ranjan, and Chandrashekhar Agrawal. "Insulinoma presenting as refractory seizure disorder." F1000Research 1 (September 21, 2012): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.1-15.v1.

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Hypoglycaemia can lead to acute disorders of cognition, consciousness, epilepsy, transient ischemia, psychosis and chronic disorders of dementia and neuropathy. Misdiagnosis and delay in treatment are common and prolonged hypoglycemia can lead to permanent neurological deficit or fatal coma. Hypoglycemia caused by an insulinoma is a readily treatable condition that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intractable seizures. The following case report highlights the need for careful reassessment of all seizures that are atypical and refractory to medication.

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Jang Chung, Sung. "SELF-CONTROLS BRAIN ACTIVITY BY INTERACTING WITH PREFRONTAL CORTEX: FMRI STUDY IN NORMALCY AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS." EPH - International Journal of Medical and Health Science 4, no. 3 (2018): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijmhs.v4i3.39.

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The relationship among self, mind and brain is not clearly known. Self’s subjective experiences of perception and cognition of words, feelings, thoughts etc. is supported by the integrity of human brain. The relationship between the self and the human brain activity is not understood. Recent experimental evidence suggests that the neural correlate of consciousness is located in certain parts of the corticothalamic system. However, it is not known specifically which parts of the human brain are involved in the human cognitive activity. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used

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Moskovko, S. P., G. S. Moskovko, M. I. Andriievska, and Ya V. Spivak. "PECULIARITIES OF COMORBID PAIN SYNDROME AND COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 20, no. 4 (2020): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.20.4.216.

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In this paper, we reviewed scientific sources on multiple sclerosis, analyzed the latest data on the peculiarities of cognitive dysfunction and comorbid pain syndrome in patients with multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis belongs to the group of chronic progressive demyelinating diseases with a predominant lesion of the central nervous system. It affects over 2.5 million people worldwide and is considered as one of the most disabling neurological disorders. Symptoms range from physical ones including loss of vision, spasticity, bladder and bowel dysfunction, problems with walking and balance,

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Swanson, Keith A., and Ryan M. Carnahan. "Dementia and Comorbidities: An Overview of Diagnosis and Management." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 20, no. 4 (2007): 296–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190007308594.

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The term “dementia” describes various neurodegenerative disorders that effect cognition, including Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia, and others. This article reviews the diagnosis and management of common types of dementia and comorbidities. Dementias are differentiated clinically by history, symptom presentation, and exclusion of other causes through laboratory and imaging studies. Cholinesterase inhibitors are useful but may not be effective for all types of dementia and provide only modest benefits. Certain medical comorbidities may increase the risk of dementia, although genetics are a

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Rimoldi, Stefano F., Emrush Rexhaj, Hervé Duplain, et al. "Acute and Chronic Altitude-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction in Children and Adolescents." Journal of Pediatrics 169 (November 2, 2015): 238–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.10.009.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess whether exposure to high altitude induces cognitive dysfunction in young healthy European children and adolescents during acute, short-term exposure to an altitude of 3450 m and in an age-matched European population permanently living at this altitude. STUDY DESIGN: We tested executive function (inhibition, shifting, and working memory), memory (verbal, short-term visuospatial, and verbal episodic memory), and speed processing ability in: (1) 48 healthy nonacclimatized European children and adolescents, 24 hours after arrival at high altitude and 3 months after return to l

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Shah, Ajit. "What Are the Necessary Characteristics of a Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia Rating Scale?" International Psychogeriatrics 12, S1 (2000): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610200007043.

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Dementia encompasses both cognitive and noncognitive domains. Noncognitive symptoms include disorders of behavior, personality, mood, thought content, and perception and impaired functional ability. Behavioral, personality, mood, and thought content disorders have been labeled behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) following a previous International Psychogeriatric Association consensus conference. Traditionally, BPSD have been poorly studied for several reasons, including the lack of importance attached to cognition in the diagnosis of dementia, the assumption that BPSD are

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Larner, Andrew J. "Free-Cog: Pragmatic Test Accuracy Study and Comparison with Mini-Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 47, no. 4-6 (2019): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000500069.

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Background/Aims: Canonical definitions of the dementia construct encompass deficits in both cognition and function, but most screening instruments for possible dementia address only cognitive abilities. Free-Cog is a recently described brief screening instrument for dementia designed to address not only cognitive but also functional abilities. Methods: A pragmatic test accuracy study of Free-Cog was undertaken in consecutive patients seen over 1 year in a secondary care setting. The performance of Free-Cog for diagnosis of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was compared to that of Mi

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Morais, J., and S. Fonseca. "Cognitive conversion disorder (functional cognitive disorder) – what’s new?" European Psychiatry 64, S1 (2021): S188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.498.

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IntroductionSome patients present with significant subjective cognitive symptoms, sometimes interfering with day-to-day live, that are not compatible with any recognizable psychiatric, neurodegenerative or systemic condition. Recent studies have proposed that these patients can be diagnosed with Conversion Disorder (Subtype Cognitive), also known as Functional Cognitive Disorder (FCD). This is a relatively recent concept, that still lacks consensus.ObjectivesReview the current state of knowledge regarding prevalence, diagnosis criteria, core clinical features and proposed treatment of Function

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GOLIGHTLY, K. L., J. A. LLOYD, J. E. HOBSON, P. GALLAGHER, G. MERCER, and A. H. YOUNG. "Acute tryptophan depletion in schizophrenia." Psychological Medicine 31, no. 1 (2001): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291799003062.

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Background. Brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) function is implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the action of new generation antipsychotic drugs. By the method of acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) 5-HT can be selectively manipulated. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of ATD on symptoms, mood and cognition in schizophrenic patients.Methods. Twenty-eight schizophrenic patients participated in a within subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled counterbalanced cross-over study. Patients with a concurrent DSM-IV axis I diagnosis were excluded. Symptoms, mood and cognit

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Rapin, Isabelle. "Hearing Disorders." Pediatrics In Review 14, no. 2 (1993): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.14.2.43.

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Definition Hearing is the usual channel for acquisition of this most important of human attributes, language. Language enables humans to communicate at a distance and across time and has played a decisive role in the development of society and its many cultures. Language is the major channel through which children learn about what is not immediately evident, and it plays a central role in thinking and cognition. Because speech is the chief vehicle for communication in all families (except those in which the parents are deaf), deafness is a profound handicap whose effects greatly transcend the

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Savita, patel, Chaudhary Richa, and Prasad Sanjay. "A Descriptive Cross Sectional Study to Determine the Cognitive Profile in Patients with Seizure Disorders." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 6 (2023): 34–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12104734.

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<strong>Aim: </strong>To study the prevalence of cognitive profile in patients with seizure disorders. <strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 1yr after taking informed consent from 100 patients by random sampling after fulfilling the inclusion criteria. <strong>Results: </strong>In our study we found Cognitive impairment in all domain of cognitive function in person with epilepsy including 11% subjects shown cognitive impairment in executive function, 61% subjects shown impairment in mental speed, 79% subjects sho

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Silva, D., R. Martins, F. Polido, and M. D. C. Cruz. "Elderly: Coping with sleep disorders." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (2021): S556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1484.

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IntroductionSleep problems are a common presenting symptom of elderly patients to Primary care physicians and Psychiatrists. Almost half of seniors over age 65 who live at home are dissatisfied with their sleep, and nearly two-thirds of those residing in nursing home facilities suffer from sleep disorders. Chronic and pervasive sleep complaints and disturbances are frequently associated with excessive daytime sleepiness and may result in impaired cognition, diminished intellect, poor memory, confusion, and psychomotor retardation.ObjectivesThe aim of this article is to sumarize and explore the

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Isaksson, Johan, Mark J. Taylor, Karl Lundin, Janina Neufeld, and Sven Bölte. "Familial confounding on the ability to read minds: A co-twin control study." Autism 23, no. 8 (2019): 1948–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319836380.

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Alterations in social cognition are hypothesized to underlie social communication challenges in autism spectrum disorder. However, the etiologic underpinnings driving this association, as well as the impact of other psychiatric conditions on the association, remain unclear. Using a co-twin control design, we examined n = 308 twins (mean age = 16.63; 46% females) with autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, affective disorders, or typical development using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test to operationalize social cognition ability. Clinical diagnosis of autism s

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Okmayura, Finanta, Weni Oktavia Agus, Melati Angguni, Reihan Hersi Saputro, and Nouval Ditya Mufty. "Implementasi Algoritma Teorema Bayes Dengan Pemodelan UML Untuk Mendiagnosis Tingkatan Gangguan Autisme Di SLB Pelita Hati." Jurnal CoSciTech (Computer Science and Information Technology) 5, no. 2 (2024): 402–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/coscitech.v5i2.7507.

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Autism, as a complex developmental disorder in children with special needs, involves delays in aspects of cognition, emotion, behavior, and social interaction. This research proposes an innovation by applying UML modeling and Bayes Theorem Algorithm to detect the level of autism disorder in Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) Pelita Hati. The SLB environment, faced with limited human resources and an increasing number of students, is a major challenge. The developed expert system provides an efficient solution with quick recommendations, reduces the expert's workload, and increases the detection accuracy

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Korostil, M., and A. Feinstein. "Anxiety disorders and their clinical correlates in multiple sclerosis patients." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 13, no. 1 (2007): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458506071161.

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Objective To assess prevalence rates and clinical correlates of anxiety disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods Demographic and neurological data were collected on 140 consecutive clinic attendees, and their lifetime and point prevalences of anxiety disorders were determined with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV disorders (SCID-IV). All subjects completed the self-report Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Suicidal intent was rated with the Beck Suicide Scale (BSS), psychosocial stressors and supports were quantified with Social Stress and Support Inte

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G, Madhu, and Thomas S. "Comorbidity of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease and Psychiatric Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study from Southern India." June 2024 16, no. 01 (2024): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.56018/bjkines2024069.

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Background and Aims: Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is associated with a multitude ofneuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairment. Though it is one of the most common cause ofacquired primary hypothyroidism, there is a dearth of literature regarding the psychiatricpresentations of thyroid autoimmunity in southern India. Objectives: To study the psychiatriccomorbidities in patients with AITD and determine the relationship between thyroid peroxidaseantibody level with severity of psychiatric illness and cognitive impairment. Materialsand Methods: This cross-sectional study of one year d

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C. M., Ramya, Rajalakshmi R., Uma Vijayashankar, and Bhanukumar M. "Role of glycemic status and insulin resistance indices on cognition." Biomedicine 43, no. 02 (2023): 718–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v43i02.2235.

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Introduction and Aim: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is presently the commonest and most prevalent disorder of metabolism which, if unmanaged, can lead to macro and micro-vascular disorders as complications. The preventive and therapeutic options for the same have been drastically improved than before and the life expectancy of the affected population has risen, but with the emergence of few other new complications like cognitive impairment and dementia. Insulin Resistance (IR) is a preclinical stage during diabetes and can potentially affect cognition. Cognition is the capability of an indiv

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