Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cognition et action'
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Morgado, Nicolas. "L'influence des contraintes physiques et sociales des actions sur la perception visuelle de l'espace." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENS025/document.
Full textActions that people can perform in their everyday life are subject to a lot of constraints which limit their ability to perform these actions. The main purpose of these doctoral researches was to provide empirical evidences for an integrative approach according to which these constraints influence the visual perception of space. We conducted two behavioral experiments to investigate the influence of physical constraints on distance perception (Papers 1 and 2) and one experiment to investigate the perception of one of these constraints (Paper 3). We also conducted three other behavioral experiments to investigate the potential influence of social constraints on the perception of space and affordances (Papers 4, 5, and 7) and one robotic simulation to gain more insight into one of these constraints (Paper 6). Our results seem to provide some supports to the hypothesis that action constraints influence the visual perception of space. However, some methodological flaws prevent us to draw firm conclusions about this general hypothesis given that some of our results might be better explained in terms of experimental demand biases rather than in terms of perceptual effects
Fargier, Raphaël. "Cerveau et sens des mots : de l’émergence à la flexibilité des représentations sémantiques dans le cerveau." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10050/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was to determine the role of these sensori-motor regions in the development of meaning representation of novel words. In a first learning study that involved EEG recordings, analysis of brain oscillations revealed that listening to novel action words, but not novel visual words, after training led to the activation of motor regions. This activity which was similar to what was seen during action observation was however associated with an additional activity that seemed to reflect the recruitment of a convergence zone between language and motor brain regions mediating more underspecified motor information, rather than the motor events experienced during training. Furthermore, analysis of the ERPs revealed that category-specific effects could be observed rapidly: action words and visual words were associated with specific electro-cortical activities on fronto-central electrodes and occipito-parietal electrodes respectively. In a third EEG study, we observed that only verbal stimuli but not tones, that were associated with action execution during training, triggered activity in motor regions. Lexical items seem thus to provide a unique substrate to associate with the sensory-motor attributes of the referent. Finally, fine-grained analyses of kinematics revealed that the verbalization of an action word semantically congruent to the action (i.e. “grasp”) led to a facilitation of an object-directed grasping movement. The results obtained during this work indicate that word-meaning is represented in modality- specific brain regions and in convergence zones between language and motor brain regions that mediate underspecified information. The specificity for verbal stimuli tends to indicate a pre- wired neural system for the representation of word meaning. Finally, although semantic representations partly reflect perceptual and motor experiences associated with the acquisition of words, the present work points to a phenomenon that has always been assumed: a certain degree of abstraction in word-meaning representation
Jouen, Anne-Lise. "Au-delà des mots et des images, bases neurophysiologiques d'un système sémantique commun à la compréhension des phrases et des scènes visuelles." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10322.
Full textCertain theories of cognitive function postulate a neural system for processing meaning, independent of the stimulus input modality. The objective of this thesis work, in line with the embodied cognition domain, was to study functionalities of such a network involved in both sentence and visual scene comprehension. In the literature, a wide network of fronto-temporo-parietal sensorimotor and associative areas are described as being involved in this process, and while there’s a lack of consensus on the amodal nature of this system, extensive research has focused on identifying distributed cortical systems that participate in meaning representations separately in the visual and language modalities. Moreover, the stimuli used are generally less complex than everyday life situations we meet. However, a significant portion of human mental life is built upon the construction of perceptually and socially rich internal scene representations and these mental models are involved in a large variety of processes for exploring specific memories of the past, planning the future, or understanding current situations. Although diffusion-tensor imagery based techniques makes feasible the visualization of white matter tracts in the human brain, the connectivity of the semantic network has been little studied. Through different experimental protocols involving mainly neuroimaging techniques (fMRI, DTI, EEG), we were able to reveal the neurophysiological basis of this common semantic network involved in the building of representation and comprehension of rich verbal and non-verbal stimuli. With our first experiment, we examined brain activation and connectivity in 19 subjects who read sentences and viewed pictures corresponding to everyday events, in a combined fMRI and DTI study. Conjunction of activity in understanding sentences and pictures revealed a common fronto temporo-parietal network that included inferior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, the retrosplenial complex, and medial temporal gyrus extending into the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) and inferior parietal lobe. DTI tractography revealed a specific architecture of white matter fibers supporting this network which involves principally the pathways described as the ventral semantic route (IFOF, UF, ILF, MdLF). Our second experiment, which is a behavioral protocol, explored interindividual differences in the ability to represent sentences presented in auditory or visual modality. We demonstrated that individuals are not equal in this capacity to represent sentences, these differences were reflected in the effects on behavioral markers including scores of ease of representation (COR) and speed of responses (TR); they are also related to the number of fibers of the MdLF which supposes a role for this fasciculus in capacities of representation. Both the results of this behavioral protocol and results from our third EEG experiment also showed that the contextual effect was significant: the context induced by the presentation of a first stimulus has the ability to influence the representation of a second stimulus when is the second is semantically consistent or not with the first presented stimulus. Our EEG results (ERPs) revealed components influenced by the available semantic information: early attentional effects which could be modality-specific and later semantic integration process common for verbal and non-verbal stimuli... [etc]
Bernard, Pascal. "Communication des organisations caritatives - Processus socio-cognitifs dans la production et la réception. Approches qualitative et expérimentale : processus socio-cognitifs dans la production et la réception : approches qualitative et expérimentale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5903.
Full textCharities regularly solicit millions of individuals financially to carry through their actions on the field. Representing a major stake, these media communication campaigns aim at calling for donations in order to raise funds which enable them to keep up their actions and maintain an independence both financially and politically. However, in literature so far, no research has been carried out about the socio-cognitive processes involved in this type of communication.Structuring a double qualitative and experimental methodology and the help of a theoretical multidisciplinary context calling up the theoretical resources mainly from the psychosocial models of the reception, the persuasive communication and the binding communication, this dissertation targets a double objective, namely a better understanding of the production and of the reception processes involved in the binding communication of charity fundraising campaigns
Paternoster, Alfredo. "Linguaggio e visione /." Pisa : ETS, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389066124.
Full textBolmont, Benoît. "De la relation entre personnalité, thymie et action : une étude expérimentale chez des sujets en situation d'hypoxie chronique." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10159.
Full textWe investigated the relationships between "Emotion" and "Action" in eight subjects exposed to chronic hypoxia for 31 days during a simulated climb from sea-level to 8848m ("EverestComex 97" experiment). Personality traits and mood states, including anxiety, were correlated with the subjects' cognitive and psychosensorimotor performances. Correlational data between maods states and perfonnance suggest that adverse changes in mood states could alter the subjects' performances. In contrast, anxiety (trait and slale) could produce adaptive mechanisms and favour the processes required for stimulus-response tasks, but not complex tasks, which require strategie processes. This could reflect, from a philosophical point of view, the major raIe of anxiety, which could have been"'vital" for the survival of the human specy. Elsewhere, our results further suggest that anxiety and moods could be arranged in a single holistic concept
Crivellari, Paolo. "Pour une sociologie cognitive des sentiments de risque : croyances collectives et action dans les mobilisations contre la pollution électromagnétique." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040021.
Full textThis work is an empirical sociological research, conducted with an individualistic methodology and qualitative techniques. The research, based on the analysis and the explanation of collective beliefs and action in a context of scientific uncertainty, starts with a double question: Why and how do individuals mobilise in a context of risk? The risk referred to is that caused by the potentially negative effects on human health deriving from non-ionising emissions, caused by mobile phones base stations transmitters. Specifically, the fieldwork is represented by the spontaneous citizens' committees of the city of Padua (Italy), whose members protest against the electromagnetic pollution of the antennas for mobile phones. The answer to the initial double question points out the cognitive aspects that are linked to the rationality of the actors and allows to draw some conclusions towards a cognitive sociology of the feelings of risk
Costalat-Founeau, Anne-Marie. "La dynamique representationnelle de soi. Competence d'action et representation." Toulouse 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU20026.
Full textThis thesis presents "the dynamic representation of the self" from the elaboration of a pattern (the capacity factor pattern) which takes into account the phenomena of congruence betweenthe objective capability and the subjective capability necessary for the activation of a representation of the self. The "competence of action" variable with its induced effects (socio emotional activation) and produced effects (social image of the self) seems to be a fundamental intermediate variable in the working of the representation of the self. Positively activated it entails a representational acuteness allowing the subject to define his her image but also the context and the means available for the elaboration of strategies of the identity. This can beillustrated by two studies : one in the laboratory and the other in a natural situation. The creation of a "professional group" in the crisis allows the demonstration of the actualisation of the social competence as a form of social legitimation. This study also raises the question of the influence of non emotional factors in the construction of the representation of the self
Rabahi, Tahar. "Étude des relations entre stimuli cognitifs et la motricité relative à un geste complexe." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10023/document.
Full textSeveral studies have shown that cortical motor areas, located in the frontal cortex and responsible for voluntary movement, might be involved in the process of understanding action words. From this point of view, it has been reported that the performance of a simple motor act (e.g.: catching an object) might be improved by the pronunciation, reading or listening to words referring to the action. We approached the relationship between speech and action through the study of the effect of action verbs and other cognitive stimuli, kinesthetic imagery (KI) and mental subtraction (MS), upon the performance of a complex motor act, the Squat vertical jump (SVJ). We measured the height of SVJ in young naive men (7 experiments, n = 114) and women (2 experiments, n = 41) using an Optojump® and a Myotest® apparatuses. The results showed that the silent and loud pronunciation of specific action verb to SVJ (jump), the KI and the MS improved significantly the performance of the movement, in men (up to 2.7 cm) but less in women (up to + 1 cm in the 2 experiments). The results of other experiments obtained with men indicated that pronunciation of the action verb nonspecific to the jump (pinch) increased also the SVJ performance, while the pronunciation or listening to other verbs unrelated to the jump (Jick, move) had no significant effect on the SVJ. A meaningless verb for the French subjects (tiao = jump in Chinese) showed, in turn, no effect as did dream, faJJ and stop. The verb win improved significantly the SVJ height as much as its antonym Jose, thus suggesting a possible influence of affects in the subjects' performance. It appears that the effects of the specific action verb jump did seem effective but not totally exclusive for the enhancement of the SVJ performance, since non-linguistic stimuli (IK) or unrelated to action (MS) may have had a positive effect on the improvement in motor performance. Moreover verbs referring to emotion, unrelated to action, increased the height of SVJ similarly to the specific action verb jump. The results led us to consider the hypothesis that improving the performance of a complex gesture is dependent, a minima, upon the individual's intention, attention, emotions and also, and perhaps most importantly, concepts (we call concepts, the mental representations) as they may be induced by the cerebral processing of words
Sevos, Jessica. "Quand le corps n'en fait qu'à sa tête : étude des effets d'affordance dans la schizophrénie." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00981433.
Full textLienard, Pierre. "Le comportement rituel: communication, cognition et action: génération, âge, filiation et territoire: contribution à l'ethnographie de deux populations du Cercle Karimojong (les Turkana du Kenya et les Nyangatom d'Ethiopie)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211360.
Full textLarge, Anne-Claire. "Concevoir l'interaction avec des systèmes de drones militaires : une approche incarnée et située." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30090.
Full textCette thèse s’inscrit dans une approche incarnée et située de la cognition humaine et de l’ergonomie des interfaces Homme-Machine (IHM). En rupture avec les théories computo-symboliques, cette approche considère que la cognition a pour seule vocation l’action dans le but de s’adapter au monde. Appliquée à l’ergonomie des IHM, elle met l’accent sur la perception, l’action et le contexte comme éléments clés de l’interaction Homme-Machine. Cette vision de l’ergonomie est ici mise au service de la conception de stations sol de drones militaires, sur lesquelles le manque de sollicitations perceptivo-motrices et le caractère isolé des opérateurs contribuent à une accidentologie symptomatique. L’objet de cette thèse est donc de montrer en quoi l’approche incarnée et située permet de guider une démarche ergonomique et, en particulier, la conception de deux stations sol de drones militaires développés par Airbus Defence and Space. Dans un premier temps, une analyse centrée sur les aspects moteurs, perceptifs et contextuels de l’activité des opérateurs de drones est réalisée. La seconde étape est dédiée à la définition d’une organisation matériel-logiciel standardisée pour tous types de drones. Cette organisation repose sur l’exploitation de processus perceptivo-moteurs, notamment au moyen du paradigme Stimulus-Response Compatibility (SRC). En troisième lieu, est présentée la conception matérielle et logicielle de deux stations sol de drones adaptées à leurs contextes respectifs d’utilisation. Des moyens de vérification (e.g. tests utilisateurs) sont mis en œuvre pour valider les solutions proposées. Les résultats obtenus montrent que la démarche adoptée permet d’améliorer significativement certains aspects de l’activité des opérateurs de drones, en particulier en termes de performances et de charge mentale. D’autre part, ces travaux soulignent l’intérêt de l’approche incarnée et située, et sa forte valeur applicative tant au sein de la démarche ergonomique que dans un cycle de conception industrielle
Centelles, Laurie. "Comprendre une interaction sociale par le corps en action : contribution de mécanisme miroir et implication dans l'autisme." Phd thesis, Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00475673.
Full textEl, Fiky Gilan Mohamed Abd El Elah Ahmed. "Handicap mental et travaux manuels : quels progrès cognitifs peut-on attendre des apprentissages dans le domaine des travaux manuels ?" Rennes 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN20036.
Full textThis doctoral thesis presents a program of hand made work to be performed by mentally deficient children who, nevertheless, possess some intellectual and physical abilities. The aim is to prepare them for a future apprenticeship, which, later on, will make their integration in professional life easier. This program has been put into practice at the Medical Educative Institute (IME) "Les Ajoncs d'Or" (Montfort, France), using the following materials: pearls thread and felt. Progressively, the children have mastered all the required techniques connected with these operations. An evaluation of their qualification and progress has been made prior to and after the end of the program. On the whole, the results have been quite satisfactory and have confirmed the hypothesis of the research
Vagnot, Caroline. "Efficacité d'une activité discriminante : quand isolation et action participent à l'émergence d'un jugement de reconnaissance." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30054/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of a vision where memory is considered as a unique system maintaining all of our experiences in multidimensional memory traces, that is to say, reflecting sensorimotor properties from our past experiences. Moreover, from this perspective, knowledge is not retrieved in memory (i.e. memory content), but emerges from the interaction between the current situation and traces of past situations (i.e. memory processes). This emerging knowledge is the product of the dynamics of activation and integration mechanisms (Act-In Model, Versace et al, 2014). Our objective was to investigate the influence of these dynamics on the effectiveness of discriminant activity, that is to say, our ability to distinguish one specific knowledge from other ones (e.g. recall, recognition). We then conducted two sets of experiments to show that this efficiency depends on both the characteristics of the memory trace (i.e. trace distinctiveness) and those of the situation (i.e. similarity between the retrieval cues and memory traces). Primarily, we chose to manipulate the trace distinctiveness through an isolation paradigm. Secondly we focused on motor similarity between the retrieval situation and traces of past experiences. The difficulty to observe significant differences (first serie of experiments) and the originality of some results (second serie of experiments) tend to support the idea of a memory allowing the construction of behavior in response to a given situation
Tosi, Brandi Elena. "Design de l’expérience sensible : une philosophie des sens pour le design et la création." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH102.
Full textThis thesis examines the theoretical and practical dialogue between design and the senses. Shedding light on the exchanges taking place between the contemporary sciences of perception and the new sensorial approaches of design, it reveals a new paradigm of creation and cognition. The thesis puts forward the emergence of a sensitive design model promoted by new cognitivist models of perception, transforming the domains of creation. Magnified by technology, contemporary arts are permeating the bodily senses; while architecture challenges the visually centered tradition of space, and an atmospheric conception of space opens up.Emerging at the marches of these movements is a paradigm of design focused on the tangible, multi-sensorial relationship between the human world and the artificial world. Anti-dualist theories of senses, coupled with cognitive sciences and digital technologies, conceive artifacts that are inclined towards material relationship and involvement of the body, made possible by the rehabilitation of pragmatic senses. Obsolescence of the five senses model allows the scientific rediscovery of several phenomena such as synesthesia, perceptive plasticity and sensorial interactions. Surpassing the notion of senses as mere receptive functions, leads us to examine the immaterial aspects of perception, such as expressiveness and intentionality attributed to things.In this context, this thesis explores how sensoriality becomes once again a subject for research and creation. Overlapping philosophy, experimental psychology, and the history of art and design, it questions the rationalist model of design; it also shows how the need for freedom from the industrial model, as lead by the visual and functional relationship between form and usage, brings about the emergence of a new paradigm.Following a not essentially linear path, the research focuses on key moments, along with the major features of a dialogue between modern design and theories of the senses ; this dialogue, initiated since the Renaissance, never stopped nourishing the relationships between perception and arts of the disegno
Monnet, Jérôme. "Interpréter et aménager. Éléments d'une géographie de la relation au monde. Volume 1 ("Synthèse") du Mémoire d'HDR." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00006770.
Full textLes références ont été puisées à des sources ayant trait au territoire, au pouvoir, à l'identité, à la communication et, surtout, à la dialectique représentation-action : la géographie culturelle et politique en premier lieu, mais aussi l'histoire des idées et des mentalités, la sémiologie, l'anthropologie de l'espace, la sociologie urbaine, etc. Par contraste avec des courants qui conceptualisent la relation entre la représentation du monde (comme milieu, environnement, espace, territoire) et l'action sur le monde en termes d'illusion platonicienne (la représentation opposée à la réalité) ou de manipulation (la représentation comme discours masquant/révélant des stratégies d'acteurs), j'explore les implications du postulat que la réalité humaine est dans cette relation (et non dans un seul de ses termes) et que tout aménagement de l'espace résulte d'une représentation du monde et en constitue une à son tour.
Dans la perspective relativiste d'une géographie de la relation au monde, l'aménagement est toute action, individuelle ou collective, qui organise la matière dans l'espace à n'importe quelle échelle ; le monde est toute extériorité identifiée par un sujet, qui s'identifie lui-même dans le processus. Un individu naît à lui-même en même temps qu'il naît au monde ; une collectivité est consciente d'elle-même quand elle se donne des objets communs et se reconnaît dans ces objets (des espaces partagés imaginairement et/ou concrètement, des valeurs, des moyens de communication, etc.). Ces processus d'identification, en fonction desquels les sujets (s')attribuent des identités, sont structurés par les catégorisations sociales de l'humanité et de l'environnement (ville, campagne, nature, classe, etc.).
La notion d'interprétation, au double sens du terme, rend compte de la rétro-détermination entre aménagement de l'espace et représentation du monde. Au sens passif, tous les sujets ont à interpréter, c'est-à-dire à reconnaître, à comprendre et à re-traiter, les aménagements et les représentations qui leur préexistent. Au sens actif, ces sujets, en agissant selon leur interprétation du monde, produisent et réalisent cette interprétation et le monde lui-même. Ces propositions théoriques guident ma recherche sur les grandes métropoles, dont la complexité et la fragmentation posent des problèmes particuliers de représentation, d'aménagement et d'identification (des espaces comme des sujets). Elles soulèvent des questions sur les mécanismes de l'orientation spatiale, sur le rôle des savoirs vernaculaires et sur l'échelle individuelle d'observation géographique. La comparaison de Mexico et Los Angeles a pour objet d'identifier non seulement les variables qui jouent différemment dans la relation des habitants ou des autorités à chacune des deux villes, mais aussi comment l'évolution de la pensée occidentale moderne a affecté la production des milieux et des territoires dans le monde américain.
Pagès, Emmanuel. "" Approche sociologique de la conduite instrumentée. Formes de la cognition distribuée en conduite automobile "." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00617612.
Full textPatrascu, Marcela. "L'expérience de la télévision sur le téléphone portable : pratiques émergentes en contexte de convergence multimédia." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769932.
Full textDenizart, Jean-Michel. "L'émergence des significations chez le monteur son, au cours de la recherche et de la sélection des sons : une approche communicationnelle et cognitive." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0303.
Full textSeveral years ago, the SATIS department of the University of Aix-Marseille and the ASTRAM laboratory initiated the development of an online sound library entitled "Sons du Sud". This sound database is intended for sound professionals and more specifically, sound editors, in the film and audiovisual sectors. The current objective is to develop a new indexing method of sound for Sons du Sud breaking with the logic of causal indexation most widely used. Indeed, it appears that, from the perspective of a filmic exploitation, a sound is rarely selected based on criteria exclusively related to its acoustic origin but also related to the potential meanings it is able to take on with the other materials of filmic expression, the functions it is likely to fulfill, the links it maintains with what the film expresses, and so on. We can then ask ourselves if it is not rather this "information potential" which the semantic descriptors used by the current sound libraries should try to make explicit. Therefore, this thesis is a preliminary step in the development of a new indexing method: in order to meet the requirements of Sons du Sud sound library, it seems essential to devote ourselves entirely to a better understanding of the contributing factors that change the "system of relevance" of its main users, to examine further what guides their approach, polarizes their listening and influences their searches and selections
Duprez, Joan. "Rôle des noyaux gris centraux dans le contrôle cognitif de l'action : impact de la maladie de Parkinson et de ses traitements." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1B015/document.
Full textCognitive action control is a process that allows suppressing an inappropriate behavior to the benefit of an intentionally-guided action. It is particularly important in situations of conflict when alternative behaviors compete for their expression. This process relies mostly on cortical-subcortical networks which functioning is impaired by Parkinson’s disease. We were interested in the role of these different brain structures in cognitive action control by focusing on the impact of Parkinson’s diseases and its treatments. More precisely, we addressed the dynamic aspects of impulsive action selection and suppression as proposed by the recent activation-suppression model regarding oculomotor responses. We thus adapted a classical experimental conflict task, the Simon task, using eye movements, and validated its use within the context of the activation-suppression model. Our further work focused on the impact of several factors on cognitive action control. We showed that normal aging enhances impulsive action selection that could be compensated for by the set-up of a more efficient selective inhibition. These results are in accordance with recent theories proposing that age-related cognitive deficits are compensated for by an increased recruitment of prefrontal structures. Our results also revealed that Parkinson’s disease results in a strong increase in impulsive action selection which we attribute to the impairment of the cortical-basal ganglia loops. Finally, we were interested by the impact of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. Our preliminary results revealed no effect of this treatment on cognitive action control. We discuss all of our results according to previous researches on the brain structures involved in cognitive action control and we propose several perspective that can have a fundamental or clinical impact
Frenoy, Rémy. "Modélisation de l'activité gestuelle et sélection automatique de feedback pour des environnements interactifs d'apprentissage : application à la calligraphie." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2297/document.
Full textGesture learning is a complex and multi-step process where trainees are supposed to improve several psychomotor and cognitive skills. This process can be divided into phases depending on trainees’ ability to perform and perceive their gestures. As human tutors adapt their behavior according to their perception and understanding of trainees learning situations' a learning environment should select an appropriate behavior from a representation of trainees’ learning states and a prediction of the potential influence of every possible behavior. The work presented in this document describes an approach modeling the interactions between a trainee and a learning environment: it represents trainees’ consecutive performances and the influence of the environment on these performances. This approach aims at permitting an adaptive selection of the pedagogical actions (i.e. behaviors) implemented in the environment. Relying on related works in the domains of gesture recognition and intelligent tutoring systems, we propose to represent the gestural activity in a metric space. This representation interprets results from a probabilistic mode as fuzzy variables highlighting trainees' level on every aspect of the gesture. We represent the environment as the set of actions it can select, every action being represented by a feature vector describing the learning situation maximizing the action's influence. As a first step, these features are given by a set of experts, and we consider the rules provided as perfect. As a second step, we study an ubiquitous issue in the field of learning environments, which is the difference between the rules provided by experts and the reality of trainees’ needs toward feedback. Ill-defined domains are indeed more and more common, as collecting expert knowledge is difficult and costly, and as studied learning domains are becoming more and more complex and difficult to define. In this second step, the selection process does not rely on expert knowledge, and this process can be seen as a sequence of decisions. At each iteration, the goal is thus to select the action which would maximize the reward in terms of benefits for trainees' learning. The action selection process is represented as a multi-armed bandit problem, where the goal is to compromise between exploration of unknown actions and exploitation of known actions. We present an extension of SoftMax methods which handles multi-dimensional contextual rewards. Taking advantage of the collaboration with calligraphy experts, a calligraphy training platform was implemented as part of this work. Two studies, where participants train on this platform, show the benefits of the proposed approach on calligraphy learning. In a first experiment, action selection is based on expert rules, and we show that providing a diversity of feedback improves skill acquisition. In a second experiment, we compare two configurations of the environment: a selection of actions based on expert rules, and a selection of actions based on the SoftMax method. We describe the difference between the influence of these two approaches on trainees' learning, and we point out the benefits of using dynamic rules
Pouponneau, Clément. "Analyse de l'activité de glaciéristes dans une perspective de conception de matériel de progression pour l'escalade et la montagne : contribution à l'élaboration d'un programme de recherche technologique en ergonomie du sport." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOL011/document.
Full textThe aim of the present thesis is twofold: first, it gives an overview onice climbers’ activity, based on an enactive empirical research program of cognitive anthropology, while developing a technological research program toevaluate appropriation situations and perspectives for design. The first part of this work focuses on the link between innovation and practice while identifying the relationship between the climbers and the technical object in order to build a technological research program focusing on the appropriation of objects. The second part is an epistemic work inculding two steps: a) to produce knowledge on the mediation role of ice axes for novice climbers and b) to develop design objects for the improvement of the research program. To this end, the usability of artifacts is highlighted (study 1) as well as the appropriability of artifacts (study 2) and then c) the theoretical object course of information is implemented using data from the activity subject and non-subject to pre-reflective consciousness to document the appropriation (study 3). The third section, however, seeks to bring about change and focuses to define the relevant criteria for the research program development and to improve the design
Houvenaghel, Jean-François. "Contrôle cognitif dans la maladie de Parkinson : étude par les tests de fluences verbales et la Simon Task motivée." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1B001.
Full textThe nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease frequently include a cognitive control deficit. Cognitive control refers to a set of processes that promote information processing and the production of appropriate behaviours, so its impairment can have an impact on a wide range of cognitive abilities. We focused on just two of these abilities: oral word production, as assessed with phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tests; and cognitive action control in an incentive context, as assessed with a rewarded Simon Task. In our first study, we questioned the hypothesis that the reduction in verbal fluency performances observed following surgery for subthalamic nucleus deep-brain stimulation is mainly due to a cognitive control deficit. Results failed to reveal a relationship between this reduction and either modified metabolic activity in the frontal regions subtending cognitive control or modified performances on other tests requiring efficient cognitive control. In our second and third studies, investigating cognitive action control in an incentive context, we showed that the production of intention-driven actions, as opposed to impulsive ones, is more difficult when a monetary reward is at stake. We also demonstrated that treatment for Parkinson’s disease, whether it takes the form of dopaminergic medication or subthalamic stimulation, modulates the functioning of these processes, suggesting that the basal ganglia have a role in them. We discuss the cognitive and neural processes involved and outline future avenues for both neuroscientific and clinical research
Gesbert, Vincent. "Etude de la coordination interpersonnelle au football : contribution à l'amélioration du jeu de transition offensive." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20030/document.
Full textIn team sports, offensive transition situation is defined as the switch from defensive to offensive status as a consequence of a beneficial turn-over in the ball possession. For soccer coaches, this situation is considered to give rise to opportunities to score a goal. The whole aim of this work is to describe and characterize how teammates of a same team are coordinated themselves during various offensive transition situations in situ. For this purpose, we adopt the team cognition’s line of research to describe the way teammates share cognitive contents enabling coordination. First, we have identified knowledge elements shared by players related to offensive transition situation at the beginning of the season. Then, we have characterized (a) the forms of connection between the objectives aimed at by the players, (b) the sharing of contextual information and (c) the sharing of knowledge elements during offensive transition situations. Our results shed the light on new knowledge elements for the comprehension of a team during complex and dynamic situations as such as diversity of shared elements and characterization of the evolution of the forms of sharedness. As a practical perspective, we propose a reflection about soccer training based on the constructive ergonomics approach supporting approach of both capabities and enabling environments for the development of efficacy collective in soccer
Barry, Valérie. "Regard clinique sur l'enseignement auprés d'élèves porteurs de troubles importants des fonctions cognitives et approche fractale de leur besoins d'apprentissage en situation collective de construction du nombre." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST0062/document.
Full textIn this text, Valérie Barry attempts to: - build intelligibility of difficulties and successes, in a collective situation of mathematics learning, of children defined by the French education system as pupils with important cognitive disorders. She makes three research hypothesis: 1) a systemic approach of pupils' mental activity promotes the revelation of interactional and complex causalities of learning/teaching phenomena ; 2) translating manifestations of pupils' mental activity into educational needs makes it possible to invest a potential space that supports the educability postulate ; 3) A fractal modeling of educational needs helps the researcher to elucidate these needs, and to build interpretations that promote pupils' learning. The dialectisation of theory and action takes place in a clinical action research, which postulates that it is fundamental to take the subjectivity of the protagonists into consideration when building intelligibility of phenomena. The action research was conducted during the university year 2006-2007, in a Medical and Educational Centre, and concerned four pupils that learned numbers and comparative concepts. The analysed has revealed the validity of the three hypothesis, and potentially efficient/effective teaching methods
Wang, Huiling. "Cognitive science and the pragmatist tradition." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1014/document.
Full textIn this dissertation, I examine a growing trend in contemporary cognitive science known as cognitive pragmatism. This subject merits examination for a number of reasons, but primarily it is needed because the trend of cognitive pragmatism is so entrenched in cognitive science, while at the same time remaining a lightning rod of controversy. The lack of a consensus regarding the nature of American pragmatismthe purported progenitor of cognitive pragmatism has in particular attracted skepticism of pragmatism’s methodology. Therefore, it is necessary to ask why American pragmatism became involved in the discipline of cognitive science and how it subsequently came to be interpreted in such different ways. Given that pragmatism is a relatively well established school, it is worth addressing its significance for the burgeoning field of cognitive science. In their pragmatist inspired views of cognition, both Mark Johnson and Jerry Fodor overlook the figure whom I consider to be pragmatism’s most important: Charles Sanders Peirce. This is likely due to the fact that Peirce’s ideas differ from pragmatism as it is popularly conceived, due in no small part to the influence of William James and John Dewey. Further, it is difficult for either Johnson’s embodied theory of mind (ETM) or Fodor’s representational theory of mind (RTM) to employ Peirceian pragmatism in their respective definitions of cognition; they perhaps have erred by filing to take into account Peirce’s thought. Therefore, I shall tackle this challenge by clarifying the ‘Johnson Fodor debate’ using the tools of Peirceian pragmatism, or ‘pragmaticism.’ Taking into consideration the current trends of both the ‘pragmatist turn’ and ‘pragmatic turn,’ I propose a third way: namely, a ‘pragmaticist turn’ firmly rooted in Peirce’s philosophy. I will thus supplement the concept of ‘action’ with that of ‘habit’ in order to reinterpret the relation between the embodied and cognitive minds
Bouaziz, Walid. "Évaluation des effets physiologiques d'un nouveau programme de reconditionnement physique en endurance sur ergocycle chez des sujets de plus de 70 ans avec recherche d'une action spécifique sur le vieillissement cardio-vasculaire et cognitif." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ112/document.
Full textBackground: Older adults constitute one of the most rapidly growing population groups. Consequently, avoiding an inactive lifestyle and encouraging regular physical activity remains one of the main measures that should be promoted for older adults. The main objective of our study was to determine the effects of a new lightweight protocol including recovery bouts called: “The Intermittent Aerobic Training Program with Recovery bouts” (IATP-R - PEP’C-R in French) for seniors over 70 on maximal cardiorespiratory and endurance parameters. The secondary objectives were to determine the effects of IATP-R on vascular function and cognitive performances. Results: Our results showed that this new “IATP-R” training protocol permits to achieve a significant improvement in both endurance parameters and maximal cardio-respiratory parameters. In addition, the IATP-R permits to improve the vascular function and cognitive performances. Conclusion: The results of this study could be useful to implement this new IATP-R protocol for healthy older adults over 70. This would also be within the framework of prescribing training programs
Loarer, Even. "Représentation et action : l'exemple du contrôle des déplacements locomoteurs." Aix-Marseille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX10023.
Full textLinks between representative processes and action are studied in a locomotor displacement situation in the momentary absence of vision. It has been known since thomson (1980), that in this case, representations of space replace the visual information in order to carry out the control of the action. But little is known about the nature, shape and content of these representations, nor about the conditions in which they are put into practice. Different hypotheses are envisaged and evaluated by an experimental approach. Results presented suggest that the representation used portrays space as it would be perceived, that is, in perspective and in movement. In addition, the effective realization of locomotion seems to facilitate this type of representation. Inter-individual differences have been observed
Colsoul, Alain. "La construction de la compétence de conduite de classe chez le futur enseignant d'école primaire: une étude des actions situées et de leur élaboration pendant la formation initiale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210660.
Full textCette recherche a pour but d’étudier le développement de la compétence de conduite de classe chez les futurs enseignants du primaire.
Cette idée touche à deux préoccupations. La première renvoie à la question de l’intérêt de la formation initiale dans le développement des compétences d’enseignement. La deuxième est liée à notre pratique de formateur d’enseignant et au constat que les contraintes contextuelles liées à l’environnement de la classe structurent la pratique des futurs enseignants en les obligeant à procéder à une mobilisation d’actions de conduite de classe.
Pour répondre à la question du développement de cette compétence, le travail de thèse s’articule sur trois parties emboîtées. Les deux premières sont indispensables à la troisième dans la mesure où elles fournissent le matériau nécessaire pour mortaiser cette dernière.
Sur le plan méthodologique, le travail du chercheur se fonde dans la dynamique de la recherche qualitative pour dégager des données sujettes à l’interprétation et à la réflexion.
La première étude est réalisée auprès d’un public d’enseignants. Elle est destinée à explorer la compétence de conduite de classe. La seconde s’intéresse aux contraintes contextuelles qui interfèrent dans les activités d’enseignement des futurs enseignants. La troisième a pour objectif de rendre compte des actions de conduite de classe mobilisées par les futurs enseignants et de la réflexion qui pourvoit à cette mise en œuvre.
Sur le plan des résultats, l’étude dégage dans un premier temps les actions de conduite de classe privilégiées par les futurs enseignants et les scénarios d’enchaînement de ces actions. Ensuite, la démarche d’analyse qualitative inductive des données empiriques permet de charpenter une structure explicative de la réflexion des futurs enseignants lors de la mise en œuvre des actions et montre les composantes qui étayent cette structure.
Les éléments dégagés lors de cette troisième étude donnent à penser qu’une construction de la compétence de conduite de classe est bien entamée dans la formation initiale et que le dispositif des stages d’enseignement est un atout dans la formation. Il permet en l’occurrence d’acquérir des connaissances de la pratique du métier, c'est-à-dire un socle de savoirs qui sont utiles au futur enseignant et qui lui permettent d’ «être » dans ses activités d’enseignement.
Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Guillou, Julien. "Etude de l'activité de l'élève en éducation physique et sportive, une analyse sémio-logique : le cas des matchs en badminton." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00268413.
Full textJensen, Maren T. "Effects of A-beta immunotherapy and Omega-3 fatty acid administration in Alzheimer's transgenic mice." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001438.
Full textDi, Iorio Francesco. "Cognitive Autonomy and Methodological Individualism : Reflections on Hayek's Epistemology of Action." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0028.
Full textThe dissertation investigates Hayek’s epistemology of action and, in more general terms, the theoretical pillars of the interpretative approach (verstehen) of methodological individualism. The dissertation is structured as follows. Chapter 1 shows that the basic presupposition of human being’s autonomy, as intended by methodological individualism, is the idea that action presupposes interpretation. In order to analyze this point, it compares Hayek’s conception of the sensory order and Gadamer’s phenomenological theory of consciousness. Chapter 2 explains that Hayek’s theory of the sensory order allows the critique of the sociological and culturalistic theories of action. The chapter analyses this point by comparing the similarities between Hayek’s and Merleau-Ponty’s reflections on cognition. Chapter 3 investigates the systemic nature of methodological individualism, i. E. The way it links the concept of autonomy to structural analysis. The chapter argues that methodological individualism is a form of nominalist structuralism. Chapter 4 provides criticisms against a recurrent prejudice about methodological individualism, i. E. Against the idea that the latter is a utilitarian theory of action. The chapter clarifies this point by comparing Hayek’s and Boudon’s theories of collective beliefs. Chapter 5 examines the logical structure of the explanation of action in terms of autonomy. It points out that the interpretative approach is not incompatible with the use of covering laws and, more in general, with the method of natural sciences
Aguilar, Louche Nathalie. "La production automatique et délibérée des inférences de la conséquence des événements et des actions : expérimentations et simulations." Université de Provence. Faculté des lettres et sciences humaines (1969-2011), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10047.
Full textMoulin-Frier, Clément. "Rôle des relations perception-action dans la communication parlée et l'émergence des systèmes phonologiques : étude, modélisation computationnelle et simulations." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634591.
Full textChristophe, Pascal. "Inhibition motrice et Système Superviseur en action dans une tâche informatique de "copier-coller"." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05H048.
Full textThe theses discussed here are that interventions of the Supervisory System (Stuss, Shallice, Alexander, & Picton, 1995) have a cost, and that normal adult subjects function "at low cost" (they would rather rely on the activity of the Contention Scheduling -CS- than on the Supervisory System). A new data-processing paradigm based on motor inhibition, inspired from the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was created specifically to answer those questions. The tasks activate differentially the Supervisory System and the CS. The main dependent variables are 1st and 2nd order perseverations. Data are compatible with the three main assumptions. As expected, there is no effect of age, sex, or computer experience. Data exploration suggests a relationship between motor and cognitive inhibition, and highlights that the Supervisory System performs sequential data-processing. The necessity of adding a module to the model of Stuss & al. (1995) is also discussed
Camier, Thomas Romain. "Détection et reconnaissance des actions simples réalisées par le résident pour l'assistance cognitive." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6541.
Full textMarechal, Christine-Garance. "Dynamiques action-réflexion et construction de la connaissance au sein des organisations : une contribution méthodologique constructiviste." Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090005.
Full textMy PhD work aims to answer the following question: What are the knowing processes and thinking dynamics of management consultants when solving ambiguous problems in the context of their everyday activity? For this research, ‘constructivism' has been chosen as both the theoretical framework and investigative methodological paradigm. In my literature review, ‘knowing' is considered from three different perspectives, whose conceptualisations are confronted: cognitivism, constructivism and situated cognition. As an investigative paradigm, constructivism is ‘relativist'. My dissertation work offers a conceptual synthesis on the ontological and epistemological assumptions of the constructivist paradigm as well as a reflection on their methodological and ethical consequences. A specific constructivist methodological design includes both a specification of the methodological choices relative to the observation and interpretation of phenomena (‘the observed systems') and a reflexive interpretation and reconstruction of the subjective decision processes underlying those methodological choices (‘the observing system', i. E. , the researcher herself). Consultants' thinking processes were studied via a six month, on-site, ethnographic investigation in an international management consulting firm. A case study puts in evidence the methodological and interactive dimension of knowing while a more focused interpretation questions the basis and value of consulting expertise. In conclusion, the main the research findings and the scientific usefulness of constructivism as a scientific theory and/or investigation paradigm for organization science are discussed
Lauriol, Jacques. "La decision strategique en action : une approche socio-cognitive de la decision et de l'action strategiques." Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHEC0029.
Full textA detailed literature review on the problem of strategic decisions and actions revealed the existence of a duality between knowledge and action. In order to surpasse this duality problem, we propose a different analytical and conceptual model, based on a sociocognitive approach, which enables to establish a closed link between strategic decision and action. This orientation enables the formulation of the following research topic : "how are strategic decision and action realized in a decision making process?" to this question we associate an exploratory proposal which involves the development of decisional contents and the mobilization of appropriate social behaviours (those that constitute the action), articulated around a process of creation and or actualization of a social representation. The case of "bureau sud conseil" is used to experiment this model ; the results of this investigation show that the socio-cognitive approach of strategic decision and action is of great interest for a better understanding of processes through which the decision and the strategy itself are realized
Camus, Thomas. "Action et intégration : le rôle fonctionnel de la motricité dans la construction des connaissances sensori-motrices." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30076.
Full textThe ability to integrate the vast amount of information coming from the environmentinto a coherent representation is usually considered a necessary conditionfor any behavior to take place. In this Ph.D. thesis, our proposal is to moderatethis apparent causality, and to bring new elements that support the idea of a codeterminationof the building of sensorimotor representations and the execution ofmotor behavior. In other words, we propose that actions are not only adapted toexternal constraints through an internal activity, but also contribute to the buildingof coherent representations of the world. Therefore, we made a series of experimentsto highlight the role of motor activity in the process of binding perceptiveinformation. The first study examined the functional role of motor responses inthe integration process, which were found to be a necessary condition for an integrationto take place. The second study investigated the link between perceptiveand motor components. The results showed that both are indeed integrated into acommon sensorimotor representation. Our final study shed light on the fact thatbuilding sensorimotor representations seems to rely on the integration of sensorimotoraction-effects. Taken together, our results point toward the critical role of motoractivity in cognitive processes, and question the relevance of distinguishing motorcomponents from perceptive ones
Moulin-Frier, Clement. "Rôle des relations perception-action dans la communication parlée et l'émergence des systèmes phonologiques : étude, modélisation computationnelle et simulations." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625453.
Full textJarno-El, Hilali Guénola. "Enseigner et apprendre la grammaire : le cas de la phrase et de la ponctuation au cycle II." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625451.
Full textDUMONT, D'AYOT Gilles. "Coopération et évaluation cognitive d'agents artificiels pour la supervision." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009527.
Full textRécopé, Michel. "Normativité et sensibilité : une perspective généalogique d'étude du mouvement et de l'action. Motricité et schèmes des volleyeurs mobilisés en défense." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00711784.
Full textMacri, Anthony. "Efficacité mnésique et mécanisme d'intégration : applications chez l'adulte jeune et dans le vieillissement normal." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2102/document.
Full textWe tend to always underestimate our memory. We blame it for its mishaps but never praise it for its successes. Nonetheless, one must admit that memory has its flaws and its capacities, mostly regarding recollections, weaken with time and age. In the grounded cognition framework, memory is not just a tool to access our past. Memory is mainly turned towards the present and it helps us adapt to each moment of our daily lives thanks to the accumulation of the experiences we live and that become references. Memory is made up of sensori-motor traces of these experiences (Versace, Labeye, Badard, & Rose, 2009) and its effectiveness is thus defined by the potential of a situation to reactivate the properties stored in memory and that are relevant for the present situation. Knowledge emerges the reactivation from but the effectiveness of the reactivation depends mostly on the link between the different properties of an event at the moment of their encoding in memory. Within Act-in, a multiple-traces functional memory model (Versace et al., 2014), the formation of this link rests upon the integration mechanism.Several factors, such as performing an action or experiencing an emotion, are known to influence on memory effectiveness. However, this influence has only be rarely investigated in a grounded approach of memory. We formulated the hypothesis that the influence of these factors on memory reflects their impact on the integration mechanism. The first objective of this thesis was to assess if action and emotion were able to improve integration. This mechanism operates on different levels of association between the properties of an event: integration of the properties of an item and integration of the item to its context; the work reported in the present document aimed to identify a clear pattern regarding the effects of action and emotion on these different levels.Finally, we support the hypothesis formulated by several authors (e.g. Benjamin, 2000) according to which the memory difficulties encountered in normal aging are caused by a deficit in the formation of associations between the different elements of an event in memory. The associative deficit can be translated in terms of an integration deficit and our last objective was then to assess if action and emotion, through their influence on integration, could reduce the memory deficits observed in older adults. To test these hypotheses, we used a paradigm designed to evaluate the performances on the different levels of integration in one individual manipulating at the same time the actions performed by the participants at encoding or the emotional valence of the material both in young and older adults
Brault, Sebastien. "La feinte de corps au rugby : déterminants biomécaniques, processus de détection et action de défense : pourquoi l'expert est-il meilleur ?" Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058976.
Full textTazi, Saïd. "Explicitation des intentions et conception de documents." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université des Sciences Sociales - Toulouse I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00069300.
Full textThiaw, Adji R. D. "Dimensions psychoaffective et didactique du feedback correctif à l'oral dans l'agir enseignant." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA075.
Full textAt the cross-roads of foreign language teacher-learner practices and teacher education, the present study seeks to address, from an emic perspective, the role of emotions in contextual decision-making when faced with a learner error. It highlights the human and social dimension of the pedagogical relationship between teachers and learners. The theoretical framework is based upon research into teacher cognition, corrective feedback, teacher practices, and emotions. A careful consideration is given to the importance of teacher actions within classroom interaction and negotiation of meaning. Learner error within the construction of knowledge is highlighted in relation to the notion of face developed by Goffman. A comprehensive-phenomenological approach mainly using transcribed classroom video footage followed by a simulated recall technique allows the researcher to negotiate with 3 practitioners the meaning lying behind their in situ actions. Another dataset - sent to the 3 teachers mentioned above and two secondary ones - is comprised of a questionnaire and a short teacher-written biography underlying their practice histories and teaching philosophies, mostly concerning error treatment. The findings indicate that teachers’ contextual decision-making in relation to corrective feedback can be emotion- free, which fails to support the Damasian theory underpinning an intervention of the affective variable into reasoning processes and decision-making. The study suggests directions for further inquiry into the field of foreign language teaching and learning throughout other contexts and other populations, in order to rectify the Cartesian error
Obame, Noëlline. "Expérience quotidienne et développement cognitif : implication des actions quotidiennes dans l'apprentissage de l'arithmétique élémentaire : cas d'enfants de 5 ans scolarisés et non scolarisés au Gabon." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0150.
Full textThis research is two-fold, and focuses : 1) an 5 years old children encounter with numbers, and 2) an evaluation of their dexterity in simple arithmetic reasoning. Children from 3 differents socio-cultural backgrounds participated in the study : rural and urban children with no schooling, and urban children with schooling experience. A subsample of children as systematically observed in natural situation in order to evaluate how frequently, where an when they where involved in a "numerical activity". Later an each child had to take several tests - ecological situation and Udn 80 - to evaluate his/her knowledge about numbers and arithmetic reasoning. The results show that 1) the child's numerical experience depends on his/her socio-cultural background, 2) children with no schooling experience have a better knowledge of prices and of numbers, 3) however, when a situation may be described though different dimension -numerical and no numérical - the children all 3 groups almost never use the numerical dimension
Cremer, Eric. "Gouvernance des projets innovants et action du "middle-manager" dans les grands groupes : le cas du projet de télévision par ADSL au sein d'un grand groupe audiovisuel français." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30055.
Full textThe thesis deals with the governance of innovative projects inside large organizations, in particular with the action of Intrapreneur Middle Managers (IMM) with the top executives in order to promote a disruptive innovation and make evolve their own status within the Group. The literature analysis highlights the limits of the standard governance approach and the benefit from a cognitive approach. With this logical, the thesis proposes a dynamic framework, identifying the respective weights of cognitive and disciplinary sides during the project development. It focuses on the centre/periphery of power and the IMM strategy. Three phases of development are identified (emergence, transformation, spreading), allowing specifying at each step the players intents, considering the relative influence of power, emergency and legitimacy attributes. Four sets of proposals, leaning on the stakeholders’ theory, are proposed: on knowledge development, control mode, exchange mode and attributes owned by the IMM during the project. They are tested though a disruptive innovation case within a large French corporation. This project appears to be a market breakthrough but a limited success for the Group because of strategic decisions different from the project owners recommendations. It expresses the remaining of a cognitive dissonance between the top executives and the IMM. The case illustrates the dominant weight of the power-hierarchy attribute to the detriment of knowledge, as well as the limits of some managerial practices (alliances strategy…). In conclusion, the thesis suggests that they are possible causes of the large group’s difficulties to create disruptions on the market