Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cognition, troubles de la, chez la personne âgée'
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Le, Quellec Sandrine. "Etat émotionnel et mobilisation des ressources cognitives chez la personne âgée." Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR2022.
Full textJean, Léonie. "Entraînement cognitif chez l'adulte âgé présentant des déficits cognitigs légers." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20578.
Full textBergua, Valérie. "La routinisation chez les personnes âgées : entre adaptation et vulnérabilités." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21266.
Full textThis study investigates the routinization in the elderly, defined as the performance of specific activities in the same manner over time, concerning environmental, behavioral, and social contexts. Integrating both adaptation and vulnerability dimensions, the literature involved in the development of this concept is analyzed and discussed as a general model of disability. Based on a sample of 235 participants from the PAQUID study, we then analyze the associations between preferences for routines and diverse vulnerability factors. The concepts of routinization and functional incapacities are compared, followed by an examination of the impact of preferences for routines on specific vulnerability factors, and an analyze of distinct profiles of routinization. The results of this study are discussed relative to different dimensions of the routinization, methodological limits and its implications for both clinical and public health efforts
Mailloux, Mélissa. "L'activité physique et ses effets sur les difficultés subjectives et objectives de sommeil des personnes âgées présentant un trouble cognitif léger : une étude pilote." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69915.
Full textPoulin, Amélie. "Validation d'une grille d'observation des comportements de douleur chez les personnes atteintes de troubles neurocognitifs majeurs." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35006.
Full textDespite its high prevalence, pain is poorly understood and is, therefore, ignored or inadequately cared for seniors with mild neurocognitive disorder (MNCD) in long-term care (LTC) (Savoie, Misson, & Verreault, 2012). The under-detection of pain can be the result of many factors. This project specifically focuses on the role of pain screening tools. One of the validated and recognized instruments for screening patients with MNCD is the Pain Assessment Checklist for Seniors with Limited Ability to Communicate (PACSLAC) (Fuchs-Lacelle & Hadjistravopoulos, 2004). Its French version, the PACSLAC-F, has been validated and recommended by Centre d’excellence sur le vieillissement de Québec (CEVQ)’s mentoring team to be use in LTC (Aubin et al., 2008). As reported by them, the PACSLAC-F has helped to improve the ability of caregivers to detect pain, promote communication and value their work. These caregivers, however, mentioned the large number of items included in the tool and the imprecision of some behaviors they had to observe. Having obtained the same results in Saskatchewan, Fuchs-Lacelle and Hadjistravopoulos (2004) validated a shortened version of the tool named PACSLAC-II (Chan, Hadjistravopoulos, Williams & Lints-Martindale, 2014). According to these authors, this shorter version (from 60 to 31 items) demonstrates a greater ability to differentiate pain than any other tool, including the original PACSLAC. The purpose of this study is to validate the French version of the PACSLAC-II to offer a more efficient tool for French nursing practice. Test-retest and interobserver fidelity, convergence validity, internal consistency and clinical utility of the PACSLAC-II-F were measured in 83 older adults with MNCD in LTC. The Pearson correlation (r <.0001) demonstrated a strong relationship between the two versions, with a score of 0.61, and also for the test-retest, with a result of 0.71. These results suggest that the use of PACSLAC-II-F could be considered in LTC in Quebec.
Girard, Caroline. "Caractérisation clinique et cognitive des troubles psychotiques d'apparition tardive." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27942/27942.pdf.
Full textDescorps, Pierre-Alain. "Troubles de l'audition et des fonctions supérieures chez le sujet âgé dans la cohorte Paquid." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2M157.
Full textServant-Marcucci, Sophie. "Sujets âgés douloureux : étude de 183 patients hospitalisés consécutivement dans un service de médecine gériatrique." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2M118.
Full textAllès, Benjamin. "Profils de comportement alimentaire et déclin cognitif chez les sujets âgés en Aquitaine et au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30511/30511.pdf.
Full textDietary or nutrient patterns may be promising strategies to investigate the association between nutrition and cognitive function in older persons, because they capture the complexity of food intake. Both a priori defined, measuring adherence to specific diets, and a posteriori data driven dietary patterns have been reported to be associated with better cognitive function in older persons. To date, no study has investigated the link between a posteriori derived nutrient patterns and cognitive decline. The main objective of this thesis, co-directed between University Bordeaux Segalen and University Laval, was to assess the relationship of nutrient patterns with cognitive impairment and decline in two cohorts of older persons from France and Canada in a longitudinal analysis. Among the subjects from the Three-City (3C, France) study and Quebec Longitudinal Study NuAge (Quebec, Canada), respectively 1,388 and 1,454 had nutritional data at baseline and repeated measures of global cognitive function over 5 years. A similar principal component analysis was used in the two samples to derive nutrient patterns and allow the identification of three nutrient patterns in each study. The diet quality, lifestyle and socio-economic characteristics associated with each nutrient pattern were described in a first study. Then, longitudinal analyses were performed in both cohorts to estimate the association between nutrient patterns and cognitive function or decline. In both cohorts, we observed an opposition in diet quality between the first two nutrient patterns. In 3C, the healthy nutrient pattern was associated with better cognitive function at baseline, whereas the western nutrient pattern was associated with cognitive impairment at baseline. No association between any of the nutrient patterns and cognitive decline was reported in both cohorts. To date, the evidence concerning dietary or nutrient patterns and cognitive function in older persons does not yet allow the development of nutritional policies and programs to prevent cognitive decline. Key-words: epidemiology, aging, nutrition, cognitive decline
Pérusse-Cavanagh, Anne-Catherine. "Investigation du biais émotionnel en fluence verbale chez des personnes âgées avec un trouble cognitif léger avec ou sans symptômes dépressifs." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23063.
Full textBolduc, Anne-Marie. "Performance diagnostique de l'Échelle de dépression gériatrique auprès de personnes âgées présentant des troubles cognitifs modérés à sévères." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ56729.pdf.
Full textAnnweiler, Cédric. "Vitamine D et personnes âgées : les enjeux cognitifs." Angers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ANGE0039.
Full textDupre, Caroline. "Importance des différents types d'activités physiques dans la prévention du vieillissement cognitif chez les personnes âgées." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES048.
Full textAlthough there is abundant literature on the link between physical activity and cognitive aging, several of these studies aroused questions about the choice of tools to assessed physical activity, the collection of physical activity, and methods of statistical analyses. In this context, we studied the link between physical activity, dementia, and cognitive functions in the elderly, by analyzing the different types of physical activity through questionnaires specific to the elderly, while keeping the greatest statistical power thanks to models adapted to longitudinal data. Our results have highlighted the difficulty of quantifying physical activity in the elderly and analyzed all the physical activities specific to the elderly and not only sports. The results obtained on the link between physical activity and cognitive aging allow us to question the choice of the most relevant indicators that should be used, but especially the place of lifestyle activities (domestic and transport). Our work contributes to the debate on the implementation of prevention policies on dementia and wider on aging and the autonomy of the elderly which must be preserved
Auffray, Caroline. "Vieillissement, remédiation cognitive et différences individuelles." Rennes 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN20010.
Full textIn last years, aging was defined like an non irreversible phenomenon. Thus, many research try to remediate intellectual problems in the elderly. The results reveal that aged people who receive training can perform better in domains that are close to those directly trained. The existence of important interindividual variability was also currently pointed. Experimental sample was composed of 116 older (from 65 to 96). Before and after they receive remediation program (experimental group) or discussion sessions (control group), they perform cognitive and conative variables. Results show that performance evaluated in some cognitive variables decline near 70 years'old although others only decrease after 90. The intellectual habilities'organisation seems to comfort the assumption of dedifferenciation with old age. Our results are too consistent with cognitive plasticity assumption in the elderly; aged people are able to increase their performances with exercise. Nevertheless, when we considers more complex tasks, peope who receive remediation drop their performances greater than people on control groups. After remediation, aged peope are less depressive, less anxious and less worried about cognitive functioning. A last, it seems that younger and more educated people more benefit of remediation. This result indicate that we should develop other programs more useful for those people
Pilleron, Sophie. "Facteurs psychosociaux et nutritionnels des troubles cognitifs en Afrique Centrale." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0024/document.
Full textWith the aging of the world population, prevalence of non-communicable diseases including dementia is increasing. While epidemiological studies on cognitive impairments have been mainly conducted in high-income countries, a few have been carried out in low-and middle-income countries, including African countries, not exempt from this phenomenon. The EPIDEMCA program, Epidemiology of Dementia in Central Africa, is aimed at contributing to a better understanding of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in rural and urban areas in two countries of Central Africa: the Central African Republic (CAR) and the Republic of Congo (ROC). This PhD thesis, which is part of this program, focuses on the relationship between cognitive disorders (Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and dementia) and psychosocial factors (stressful life events and dependent personality disorder) on the one hand, and nutritional factors (undernutrition and dietary consumption) on the other.The EPIDEMCA program is a cross-sectional multicenter population-based epidemiological study carried out among people aged 65 years and over in rural and urban areas of CAR and ROC between 2011 and 2012 using a two-phase design. DSM-IV and Petersen criteria were required for a diagnosis of dementia and MCI, respectively. Among 2002 subjects who agreed to participate in the study, cognitive status and reliable age were available for 1772 people: 1519 were free of cognitive impairment, 118 suffered from had MCI and 135 from had dementia. As regards the psychosocial factors, our first study showed that MCI was positively associated with the total number of events experienced throughout a life span in Congo only, and, with the total number of events from the age of 65 onwards and with a child’s severe physical disease after the age of 65 in the total sample. On the contrary, dementia was associated with neither the accumulation of stressful life events nor individual events. Results of our second study showed that MCI was associated with the dependent personality disorder in Congo and CAR, while dementia was associated with this disorder in Congo only. Regarding nutritional factors, our third study showed a significant association between dementia (but not MCI) and the three markers of undernutrition used (BMI inferior to 18.5 kg/m2, mid-upper arm circumference inferior to 24 cm and arm muscle circumference (AMC) below the 5th percentile of a reference population) in CAR. In Congo, MCI was associated with only the AMC<5th percentile while dementia with none of markers. Our fourth study found that cognitive disorders were associated with light alcohol intake and a low consumption of oilseeds in rural areas only. In Congo, cognitive disorders were associated with neither food groups nor alcohol consumption. This PhD thesis has contributed to improve the knowledge available on the epidemiology of cognitive disorders in Central Africa. Nevertheless, our results are solely exploratory and require to be confirmed by further studies, prerequisites for relevant and targeted interventions with a view to reduce the risk
Wiederkehr, Sandra. "Le continuum des déficits cognitifs d'origine vasculaire : démence vasculaire, cerveau à risque et cognition." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24929/24929.pdf.
Full textMusielak-Mersak, Céline. "Vieillissement cognitif, apprentissage fonctionnel et extrapolation." Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000224.pdf.
Full textThe aim of the present study is to examine the effect of aging on abstraction and adjustment to the complex relationships of the environement. A total of 208 individuals (aged 18-25, 40-50, 65-75, 76-90 years old) participated in this study. In experiment 1, the leaming of curvilinear functions (U-shaped and Inverse U-shaped functions) is compared with the learning of linear functions (direct and inverse functions). An extrapolation test is conducted to examine abstraction. Results show that extrapolation capacities are preserved in the elderly, especially when the relation between cue and criterion is a direct one. Age related differences are only quantitative. The results can be interpreted within the theoretical framework of executive functions. Experiment 2 is aimed at examining the effects of aging on shirting from a functional strategy of learning to an associative strategy of learning. Resuls show difficulties in older people when no function can be used to associate variables. It seems that, in the elderly, the lack of flexibility and the reduction of working memory capacity prevent the shirting between the two strategies. A project is presented. It is aimed at examining the effect of aging on multiple-cue probability learning tasks with non pertinent eues
Gaëstel, Yann. "Troubles de l'orientation spatiale et troubles visuo-constructifs dans le vieillissement normal et la Maladie d'Alzheimer." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21285.
Full textWe studied impairments in spatial orientation and in visuo-constructive abilities in normal ageing and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Firstly, thanks to experimentations in a human-sized maze we investigated navigation deficits in AD. The patients were impaired in planning and unable to acquire a mental representation of their environment. Consequently, they were impaired in tasks requiring a mental manipulation but they could walk following a guided path. Secondly, we studied visuo-constructive impairments appearing in a cube and a clock drawing. Data were collected among two French population-based cohorts : Paquid and 3 City studies. Results evidence the occurence of some types of errors in non demented patients and some other types occuring more frequently in dementia. Knowing cognitive processes involved in these domains is necessary to develop compensatory strategies
Gaichies, Sabine. "La méconnaissance des troubles cognitifs dans la maladie d'Alzheimer et autres démences : étude de la perception des fonctions cognitives, de la métacognition, du déni et de l'anosognosie." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21162.
Full textIn order to explain deficit of awareness in Alzheimer's disease, two-conflicted hypothesis are put forward in literature: psychodynamic denial and anosognosia. After a literature review account for contradictory results, we propound an alternative hypothesis expressing that unawareness of deficits comes from both denial and anosognosia. Secondary, we realise an exploratory and longitudinal study about perception to cognitive functions in dementia and normal ageing from the PAQUID project. Results display little difference between subjects' group, contrary to literature. Finally, we differentiated denial and anosognosia in Alzheimer's disease, by the study of individual behaviour, and we display that public metacognition and monitoring are more deleterious in anosognosia than in denial
Gagnon, Marie-Ève. "Faisabilité, tolérabilité et efficacité psychocognitive préliminaire d’un entrainement cardiovasculaire et d’un entrainement musculaire chez des personnes âgées présentant un trouble cognitif léger avec des symptômes neuropsychiatriques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69489.
Full textAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a major public health issue. The key to reducing the burden ofdementia in the coming decades lies in large part in primary and secondary prevention.Prevention interventions target lifestyle habits and modifiable risk factors for AD, includingphysical inactivity. Interventions in physical activity (PA) have been studied in the last fewyears in older aduts with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). For a high proportion of MCIcases, MCI is a prodromal phase of AD and could represent a favorable window of action toprevent AD. PA interventions in MCI are promising, but research on the subject is limited,presents challenges in terms of participants' adherence to the intervention, pays little attentionto the psychological effects of these interventions and generally excludes people withdepressive symptoms. Yet, depressive symptoms are frequent in MCI cases and they increasethe risk of progressing to AD. This thesis aims to study a 12-week PA intervention in olderadults with MCI and concomitant neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS, including depressivesymptoms). The first objective of this thesis is to investigate the feasibility and tolerance ofthis intervention. The attrition rate and adhesion rate are documented for this purpose. Focusgroup interviews explore how the implementation of the PA program contributes toadherence of seniors with MCI and NPS. These data are the subject of a thematic analysis.The second objective is to make a preliminary comparison of the effects of two PA programs(cardiovascular, resistance). The effects of PA are objectively measured on cognition,psychological state, and quality of life. The outcome variables are subjected to principalcomponent analysis (PCA) in order to derive composite scores. A repeated measures Anova(Treatment x Time) is performed for each composite score. Effect sizes (partial eta-square)are calculated for each Anovas’result. The results of this thesis suggest that a PA programpresents a challenge in terms of recruitment, but that the program is feasible and tolerable interms of adherence to the intervention. The thematic analysis helps identify several factorsthat may contribute to participant adherence. The factors facilitating participation include thefollowing sub-themes: (a) social relationships with the group and the instructors, (b) theservices offered or sought regarding evaluation and intervention (c) the effects of the trainingprogram on physical and psychocognitive states, (d) favorable attitudes and realisticexpectations towards the study and (e) a fixed PA schedule that fits easily into the weeklyschedule. The dissatisfaction factors group together the following sub-themes: (a) vinsufficient communication of information, (b) difficult request upon their memory and (c)imposed quantity and type of PA. Regarding the preliminary psychocognitive effects of thetwo PA programs, it should be noted that the present study focuses primarily on effect sizesand not on the significance level. The effect sizes suggest that the cardiovascular trainingprogram leads to greater improvements than the resistance training program regarding: (a)the two composite scores of executive functions (Component 1, significant effect, large effectsize; Component 2, moderate effect size) and (b) the composite score of episodic memory(small effect size). The resistance training program leads to greater improvements than thecardiovascular training program regarding the two composite scores of NPS and quality oflife (Component 1, moderate effect size; Component 2, large effect size). Conclusions aboutthe programs’effects on attention are limited and discussed in more details in this thesis. Insum, these results will allow adjustment of the PA interventions for a further large scale studywith the aim of demonstrating the benefits of PA in secondary prevention of AD.
Hébert, Jean-Sébastien, and Jean-Sébastien Hébert. "Marqueurs d'inflammation et risque d'atteintes cognitives et de démence chez l'aîné." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23922.
Full textPlusieurs études suggèrent la présence de processus inflammatoires dans le développement de la démence, particulièrement de la maladie d’Alzheimer (MA). Les concentrations sanguines de trois marqueurs d’inflammation (facteur de nécrose tumorale-alpha (TNF-α), interleukine-6 (IL-6) et protéine C-réactive (CRP)) ont été analysées chez un échantillon de personnes âgées issu de l’Étude sur la santé et le vieillissement au Canada pour déterminer l’association entre ces marqueurs, le déclin cognitif et la démence. Suite au suivi de 665 sujets initialement sains, une association entre un niveau sanguin élevé d’IL-6 et de CRP et le déclin cognitif a été observée, tout comme une association entre le niveau sanguin élevé de CRP et le risque de développer une démence vasculaire. Le niveau sanguin de marqueurs d’inflammation n’était pas significativement associé à un risque accru de MA. La présence de processus inflammatoires sous-jacents à la démence devrait être explorée plus profondément.
Several studies suggest the presence of inflammatory processes linked to the development of dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease. Blood concentration of three inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP) have been analyzed in an elderly Canadian sample part of the Canadian Study on Health and Aging to determine the association between these inflammatory markers and cognitive decline or dementia. After the follow-up of 665 initially cognitively healthy subjects, an association between blood level of IL-6 and CRP and cognitive decline was found, as an association between blood level of CRP and a risk of developing vascular dementia. Blood level of inflammatory markers was not significantly associated with a higher risk of AD. The presence of underlying inflammatory processes in dementia should be explored further.
Several studies suggest the presence of inflammatory processes linked to the development of dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease. Blood concentration of three inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP) have been analyzed in an elderly Canadian sample part of the Canadian Study on Health and Aging to determine the association between these inflammatory markers and cognitive decline or dementia. After the follow-up of 665 initially cognitively healthy subjects, an association between blood level of IL-6 and CRP and cognitive decline was found, as an association between blood level of CRP and a risk of developing vascular dementia. Blood level of inflammatory markers was not significantly associated with a higher risk of AD. The presence of underlying inflammatory processes in dementia should be explored further.
Bilodeau, Gabriel, and Gabriel Bilodeau. "L'adaptation d'outils d'aide à la décision aux besoins d'aînés vulnérables : une étude sur la conception centrée sur les utilisateurs." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35286.
Full textContexte : Les sociétés occidentales vivent un vieillissement de leur population, qui s’accélère depuis plusieurs années. Au Canada, en 2014, la croissance démographique des personnes âgées a été quatre fois plus rapide que celle de la population générale, une tendance observée depuis le milieu des années 90, résultant en une augmentation de la prévalence des troubles neurocognitifs au sein de la population. En conséquence, la demande de soins spécialisés pour cette clientèle progresse. Des services sont offerts dans la communauté, mais sont généralement peu connus. Par ailleurs, les aînés présentant des troubles neurocognitifs sont souvent écartés des processus décisionnels lors de la prise de décision en santé, en raison de difficultés à communiquer causées par des déficits visuels, auditifs, cognitifs, ou en raison de niveau plus faible de littératie. Objectifs : Identifier les caractéristiques des outils d’aide à la décision permettant de faciliter leur utilisation par des aînés présentant des troubles neurocognitifs et leurs proches aidant lors de la prise de décision en santé. Méthode : Méthode mixte, étude de cas multiple nichée dans une approche de conception centrée sur l'utilisateur. Résultats : Au cours de trois cycles d’évaluation-modification, 23 personnes âgées atteintes de troubles neurocognitifs et 27 proches aidants ont identifié les forces et les faiblesses en termes de contenu et de conception visuelle de trois outils d’aide à la décision. Pour améliorer les outils, l’équipe de conception a identifié une série de caractéristiques essentielles des outils pour limiter leur complexité, et des stratégies de conception pour assurer leur fonctionnalité. Conclusions: Le gabarit révisé à la suite de ce projet est conçu pour mieux répondre aux besoins des personnes atteintes de troubles neurocognitifs et de leurs proches aidants, ce qui pourrait éventuellement se traduire par moins de cycles d'évaluation-modification dans les prochains outils
Background: Western societies experience an accelerated aging of their populations. In Canada, in 2014, the increase in older adult population was four times faster than that of the general population, this growth is observed since mid 90’s, it results in an increasing prevalence of neurocognitive disorders. As a result, the demand for specialized health care for this population is growing. Community-based services exist, but people often remain unaware of their existence. Besides, older adults presenting neurocognitive disorders are often excluded from the decision-making processes to choose a care plan because of communication difficulties caused by visual, auditory, or cognitive deficits, or because of a lower level of literacy. Objectives: To identify patient decision aids’ features to limit their complexity for older people with dementia and their family caregivers and allow them to participate more fully in decision making regarding their own health. Method: Mixed method, multiple case study within a user-centred design (UCD) approach. Results: During three UCD evaluation-modification rounds, 23 older adults with dementia and their 27 family caregivers identified strengths and weaknesses of the patient decision aids’ content and visual design that influenced their complexity. In response, the design team implemented a series of practical features and design strategies. Conclusions: The revised template for patient decision aids is designed to meet the needs of people living with dementia and their caregivers better, which may translate into fewer evaluation-modification rounds.
Background: Western societies experience an accelerated aging of their populations. In Canada, in 2014, the increase in older adult population was four times faster than that of the general population, this growth is observed since mid 90’s, it results in an increasing prevalence of neurocognitive disorders. As a result, the demand for specialized health care for this population is growing. Community-based services exist, but people often remain unaware of their existence. Besides, older adults presenting neurocognitive disorders are often excluded from the decision-making processes to choose a care plan because of communication difficulties caused by visual, auditory, or cognitive deficits, or because of a lower level of literacy. Objectives: To identify patient decision aids’ features to limit their complexity for older people with dementia and their family caregivers and allow them to participate more fully in decision making regarding their own health. Method: Mixed method, multiple case study within a user-centred design (UCD) approach. Results: During three UCD evaluation-modification rounds, 23 older adults with dementia and their 27 family caregivers identified strengths and weaknesses of the patient decision aids’ content and visual design that influenced their complexity. In response, the design team implemented a series of practical features and design strategies. Conclusions: The revised template for patient decision aids is designed to meet the needs of people living with dementia and their caregivers better, which may translate into fewer evaluation-modification rounds.
Duboisdindien, Guillaume. "Analyse multimodale des marqueurs pragmatiques au sein du vieillissement langagier en situation de Trouble Cognitif Léger." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100017.
Full textThe present PhD thesis presents the multimodal video corpus VIntAGe (Videos to study Interactions in AGEing) with the principal aim to describe the effects of aging in Mild Cognitive Impairment situation on pragmatic and communicative skills. We take as observable variables the verbal pragmatic markers and non-verbal pragmatic markers. This approach, at the interface of the psycholinguistics, cognitive and the speech and language pathology is part of a longitudinal research process in an ecological situation.The first part of the manuscript details the scientific expertise and knowledge related to the cognitive aging, to the multimodal communication and to the clinical pragmatics (Chap 1 to 3). The second part describes our research questions and our methods step by step: (i) from the selection of the five female participants over 75 years old with initial and longitudinal psychometric tests; (ii) to the collect and the analysis of the multimodal data; (iii) to finish on the multidimensional and statistical data analysis and the interpretation of the results (Chap 4 to 5).Our general findings indicate that with aging, verbal pragmatic markers acquire an interactive function that allows people with Mild Cognitive Impairment to maintain intersubjective relationships with their interlocutor. In addition, at the non-verbal level, gestural manifestations are increasingly mobilized over time with a preference for non-verbal pragmatic markers with a referential function and an adaptative function. The studies focusing on people with Mild Cognitive Impairment require longitudinal corpora i) to understand their evolution, ii) to provide the implication of the cognitive resilience in each individual (i.e. compensation, adaptation and heterogeneity), and iii) to take advantage of these parameters as evidence for research and earlier rehabilitation. We aim to show the benefits of linguistic and interactional scientific investigation methods through cognitive impaired aging, for clinicians and family caregivers
Youn, Sung Jung-Hae. "Caractéristiques du vieillissement cognitif chez les personnes illettrées en Corée." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070084.
Full textThe objective is to find the neuropsychological characteristics to discriminate the normal illiterate elders from the mild Alzheimer's disease patients. Subject groups are 25 illiterate normal elders, 25 literate normal elders, 25 literate mild cognitive impairment patients, 25 illiterate Alzheimer's disease patients, 25 literate Alzheimer's disease patients. We compared 5 groups using les tests of Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease, version Korean (CERAD-K). The low scores of the neuropsychological tests in the illiterate normal elders make it hard to differentiate the Alzheimer's disease patients from normal elders in illiterate persons. We then suggested various adjustments with the traditional tasks which make it possible to remove the educational disadvantages. But we also confirmed limitations in the cognitive functions of illiterate
Labrousse, Virginie. "Conséquences fonctionnelles des relations neuroimmunes dans le cerveau immature et âgé : implication des acides gras poly-insaturés." Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21588.
Full textLebahar, Julie. "Etude de la variabilité intraindividuelle du contrôle cognitif chez la personne âgée : formes et apport prédictif." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20045/document.
Full textAging research shows an age-related increase in intraindividual variability in cognitive functioning (dispersion and inconsistency). Intraindividual variability would play a central role in understanding cognitive changes in older adults. The purpose of the present research was to examine the contribution of the intraindividual variability study, in order to explain differences in cognitive efficiency between older adults. The relationship between two forms of intraindividual variability, dispersion (variability in scores across several cognitive tests) and inconsistency (variability in response time (RT) across trials in a cognitive control task), and the cognitive efficiency, was estimated in a sample of adults aged from 61 years and older. The control task AX-cpt used in this study allows the evaluation of distinct cognitive control process (proactive and reactive control). The increase in dispersion was associated with a decrease in processing speed, episodic memory ability and the more general cognitive state. The increase in inconsistency seems related to a difficulty of a cognitive system whose capacities of context information maintenance, and resistance to interference, are less preserved. However, the inconsistency could also reveal a positive evolution of cognition. Intraindividual fluctuations in behavior appear to be the characteristics of normal functioning. The irregularity of temporal instability of successive trials response times, seems to be a valid cue of the decrease in cognitive efficiency. The study of intraindividual variability in performance seems to be a fruitful approach to explain the variability between individuals observed in the elderly, and to predict possible cognitive changes
Robitaille, Julia. "L'évaluation du statut fonctionnel à l'urgence de la personne âgée ayant des troubles cognitifs : Un prédicteur de l'orientation à la sortie?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29916/29916.pdf.
Full textIndividuals with cognitive impairment have complex challenges during their visit to the emergency department (ED); these individuals make up a significant proportion of clients referred to occupational therapists. This thesis aims to describe the functional status and orientation (hospital admission or not) at discharge from the ED for individuals with cognitive impairment and to explore the relationship between these elements. A convenience sample of 31 elderly individuals with cognitive impairment was recruited in the ED of an urban hospital. All participants were assessed by an occupational therapist using the Functional Status Assessment of Seniors in the Emergency Department (FSAS-ED). The results revealed that two sections of the FSAS-ED, Activities and participation and Environmental factors, appeared to be related to the discharge orientation. These findings support the importance of including occupational therapists in multidisciplinary teams in light of their mandate regarding the evaluation of functional abilities.
Lechevallier-Michel, Nathalie. "Consommation de médicaments potentiellement inappropriés chez le sujet âgé et conséquences sur la cognition." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21325.
Full textIn due of an aging population and with all the surfacing problems which appear among the elderly, health services as well as medical authorities and society in general, have become more and more conscious of the increase in cognitive disorders, dementia, and their consequences. The aetiology of cognitive impairment among the elderly is frequently multifactorial, but medication use is often suspected. In 1997,Beers et al. Proposed 28 explicit criteria identifying medication which could be avoided among the elderly. The aim of this project was to answer the following questions : 1/ How neuropsychological tests can be used in the elderly to assess cognitive performance ? Does a "cohort effect" exist and what is the impact ? 2/ What is the frequency of use of potentiallly inappropriate medication among French community-dwelling elderly people, and what are the associated factors ? 3/ What are the consequences of the use of these types of medication on cognitive functioning in the elderly ? Several analyses were conducted using data collected during the first ten years of follow-up of the PAQUID Study (South-West France) and at inclusion in the Three-City Study (Bordeaux, Dijon, Montpellier, France). First, norms were produced for five neuropsychological tests, including the Mini Mental State Examination, in a representative sample of subjects aged 70 years and older. Nonetheless, these norms will have to be regularly updated, in order to take into account the "cohort effect". . As shown in a second study, in part due to a higher level of education cognitive functioning has improved across recent generations of elderly subjects, a trend that should increase in decades to come. Second, a transversal study was conducted to describe the use of potentially inappropriate medication in France, according to Beers criteria. The results show that more than one third (40 %) of the elderly subjects included in the study used at least one potentially inappropriate medication : 23,4 % used cerebral vasodilators, 9,2 % long-acting benzodiazepines, and 6,4 % drugs with anticholinergic properties. The third part of this project focuses on cognitive impairment caused by drugs. Two classes of drugs were studied more specifically : drugs with anticholinergic properties and vasodilators. In regard to drugs with anticholinergic properties, the results of transversal study showtyhat their use is associated with poor cognitive performance in elderly people. As for the specific use of vasodilators among the French population, the results of a longitudinal study show that their use has significantly decreased between 1988-89 and 1998-99. It was not associated with any cognitive status or educational level. This study brings light upon the use of potential inappropriate medication among the French elderly, as regards the effect of a certain number of these drugs on cognitive functioning. This study reiterates the importance and need for medical authorities and elderly patients to be properly informed of all the risks associated with the use of drugs. In addition, specific attention should be given to those patients already polymedicated or presenting cognitive disorders
Fabre, Ludovic. "Evolution avec l'âge des traitements cognitifs inconscients dans l'amorçage subliminal : étude comportementale, électrophysiologique et neurofonctionnelle." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10068.
Full textMillet, Xavier. "Capacités cognitives résiduelles et facteurs d'optimisation des performances de mémoire dans la maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21685/document.
Full textAlzheimer’s disease is characterised by severe memory deficits related to the inability to consciously recollect previously encountered information regarding place, people or events. However, some residual cognitive abilities could remain in Alzheimer’s disease allowing the patients to access these past experiences by non-conscious means of recovery. The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to investigate some residual cognitive abilities and the conditions that may optimise patients’ memory performances. The first study conducted provided results showing that implicit memory processes are preserved in Alzheimer’s disease including after quite long delays of about thirty minutes. Furthermore, through a meta-analysis including eighteen studies, we concluded that encoding conditions requiring generation or semantic elaboration processes are likely to optimise patients’ implicit memory processes. Lastly, we conducted a third study investigating the difference in visuo-spatial working memory abilities between men and women in Alzheimer’s disease. The results showing that male patients still present a greater ability than females to actively manipulate visuo-spatial information suggest that sex could figure among the numerous variables contributing to modulate the clinical manifestation of the disease. Despite the severity of the cognitive deterioration in Alzheimer’s disease, these studies illustrate the persistence of some cognitive abilities and also the conditions likely to optimise the enhancement of such residual abilities. These results may have potential clinical application dedicated to improve the cognitive rehabilitation of patients' memory deficits
Farid, Karim. "Imagerie, facteurs de risque vasculaire et troubles cognitifs." Paris 13, 2012. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/intranet/edgalilee_th_2012_farid.pdf.
Full textWatfa, Ghassan. "Altération vasculaire, hypertension et troubles cognitifs." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10066/document.
Full textThe role of the vascular alterations in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment and dementia (vascular or Alzheimer) is increasingly recognized. In this context, we studied the epidemiological, physiological, genetic and therapeutic aspects of the relationship between high blood pressure, markers of arterial aging and cognitive impairment in elderly (aged 60-85 years) hypertensive patients with subjective memory complaints (ADELAHYDE study) and in institutionalized elderly subjects (aged >= 80 years) during one year follow-up (PARTAGE study), as well as in an elderly population (aged >= 60 years) with good general health and without dementia (Senior examination study). Our results on these three populations show that markers of arterial aging identified subjects at higher risk for cognitive decline, while blood pressure alone did not appear to have a significant predictive value. We also showed that in elderly hypertensive patients (ADELAHYDE study), treatment with calcium-channel blockers was associated with better cognitive performance, independently of blood pressure level and macrovascular or microvascular alteratios. This suggests a specific neuroprotective effect of channel blockers class in the elderly population. Lastly, we could not identify genetic factors associated with cognitive function
Larouche, Eddy, and Eddy Larouche. "Mécanismes et effets psychologiques et cognitifs d'une intervention basée sur la pleine conscience chez des adultes âgés présentant un trouble cognitif léger amnésique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36897.
Full textPar la méditation de pleine conscience, il est possible de développer une conscience soutenue et exempte de jugement de l’expérience du moment présent. Cette méditation s’enseigne par des programmes brefs et structurés nommés interventions basées sur la pleine conscience (IBPC). Une vaste littérature appuie la capacité des IBPC d’améliorer la santé psychologique par l’entraînement de l’acceptation et la surveillance attentive. Leurs effets sur la santé cognitive sont plus équivoques, quoiqu’elles aient le potentiel d’être administrées comme stratégie de remédiation cognitive pour les personnes à risque de déclin futur, incluant les militaires en voie d’être déployés et les personnes âgées en santé. Un déclin cognitif et des symptômes psychologiques qui aggravent le pronostic sont caractéristiques du trouble cognitif léger amnésique (TCLa), un prodrome probable de la maladie d’Alzheimer (MA). Les IBPC peuvent agir à la fois sur la santé cérébrale (réduction des facteurs de risques de la MA) et sur la santé cognitive (entraînement attentionnel) afin d’améliorer les symptômes du TCLa. La présente thèse avait pour objectif de déterminer comment une IBPC permet d’améliorer le profil psychocognitif de personnes âgées encourant un TCLa et quels sont les mécanismes qui sous-tendent ces effets. Pour ce faire, un premier article a recensé les écrits sur les facteurs d’adversité modifiables et le déclin cognitif associé à la MA dans l’optique d’identifier des mécanismes d’action potentiels par des IBPC. Un modèle schématique y illustre le cours de la neurodégénérescence associée au TCLa et à la MA et les effets préventifs possibles par les IBPC via le stress, la dépression et la remédiation du syndrome métabolique. Il ressort de cette recension que la réduction du stress, des symptômes dépressifs et de l’inflammation sont les principaux effets des IBPC qui affectent le développement du TCLa et de la MA. Ensuite, une étude clinique, publiée en deux articles, a testé les effets d’une IBPC chez des personnes âgées ayant un TCLa sur les variables psychologiques et cognitives. L’efficacité et les mécanismes d’action spécifiques d’une IBPC ont été comparés aux effets d’une intervention basée sur la psychoéducation (IBPÉ). Dans le second article de la thèse, les deux interventions ont amélioré de façon similaire les symptômes anxio-dépressifs et la qualité de vie associée au vieillissement. La qualité de vie générale et la mémoire sont demeurées stables suite aux deux interventions. L’amélioration de l’acceptation et la réduction des ruminations ont expliqué l’efficacité de l’IBPC, sans contribution de la surveillance attentive. Le troisième article, qui s’intéressait de façon plus approfondie aux effets de l’IBPC sur la cognition, n’a observé aucun effet spécifique sur la mémoire ou l’attention suite à l’IBPC. Les bénéfices attentionnels et subjectifs rapportés étaient similaires à ceux obtenus suite à l’IBPÉ, alors que des effets spécifiques de l’entraînement attentionnel par l’IBPC étaient attendus. L’hypothèse concernant une contribution du contrôle attentionnel à l’amélioration de la mémoire a également été infirmée par l’étude. La thèse appuie donc la pertinence d’une IBPC comme intervention psychologique auprès d’aînés ayant un TCLa. La thèse n’a pas démontré son potentiel d’amélioration de la cognitio, mais il a été proposé qu’elle permette plutôt de ralentir le déclin attendu. La publication de davantage d’études cliniques réalisées auprès d’aînés ayant un TCLa et inspirées des réflexions du dernier chapitre de la thèse, permettra d’approfondir la compréhension des effets de la pleine conscience sur le profil psychologique et sur la cognition. La thèse contribue aux efforts de prévention de la MA en soulignant la pertinence d’une nouvelle option d’intervention non pharmacologique chez une population qui présente une vulnérabilité importante. Ses contributions approfondissent la compréhension des effets et mécanismes d’actions des IBPC et confirment l’importance d’intervenir précocement par des interventions non pharmacologiques chez les personnes ayant un TCLa.
Mindfulness meditation allows to develop a stable and non-judgmental consciousness of the present moment experience. This meditation is taught using brief and structured programs, namely mindfulness-based interventions (MBI). MBI’s benefits on psychological health are allowed by acceptation and monitoring capacity training and have been widely supported. Their effects on cognitive health are more equivocal, but some potential has been shown for cognitive remediation in populations at risk for future decline, including the military about to be deployed and healthy older adults. Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), a probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) prodromal phase, is characterized by cognitive decline and psychological symptoms, which worsen prognosis. It is suggested that MBI could benefit aMCI by promoting both brain health (hence reducing AD risk factors) and cognitive health (through attention training). This thesis aimed at determining to what extent an MBI can improve the psychocognitive profile of older adults with aMCI and to deepen the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of action. To do so, a first article has collated the available literature on changeable adverse factors and cognitive decline associated with AD, with the objective of identifying MBI’s potential mechanisms of action on AD pathology. A schematic model was then developed to illustrate the course of aMCI and AD neurodegeneration, and the MBI possible preventive effects through stress, depression, and metabolic syndrome remediation. This review showed evidence that MBI’s main effects on aMCI and AD development happened through stress, depressive symptoms, and inflammation reduction. Next, a clinical study published in two separate articles tested MBI’s effects on psychological and cognitive variables. The efficacy and specific mechanisms of action of the administered MBI were compared to those of a psychoeducation-based intervention (PBI). In the second article of the thesis, both interventions led to improved anxio-depressive symptoms and aging-related quality of life. General quality of life and memory remained stable after the two interventions. MBI’s efficacy was explained by improvement of acceptation and reductions of ruminations, but not by monitoring changes. The third article, which investigated more deeply the interventions’ effects on cognitive variables, showed no specific benefits on memory or attention following the MBI. The only attentional and subjective cognitive changes reported were similar for both interventions, while MBI-specific effects were expected. The hypothesis regarding an attentional control contribution to memory changes was also denied by the study results. Overall, the thesis supports the relevance of a MBI as a psychological therapeutic option for older adults with aMCI. While its potential to improve cognition was not demonstrated in the thesis, it is suggested that it might instead modify an expected cognitive decline. Further clinical studies in aMCI populations based on the reflections of the last chapter of the thesis are needed to deepen the understanding of mindfulness’ effects and mechanisms of action on psycho-cognitive symptomatology. This thesis contributes to research efforts in AD prevention by backing the relevance of a new non-pharmacological approach for a highly vulnerable population. Its contributions also refine knowledge of MBI effects and mechanisms and confirm the need for early intervention in older adults with aMCI.
Mindfulness meditation allows to develop a stable and non-judgmental consciousness of the present moment experience. This meditation is taught using brief and structured programs, namely mindfulness-based interventions (MBI). MBI’s benefits on psychological health are allowed by acceptation and monitoring capacity training and have been widely supported. Their effects on cognitive health are more equivocal, but some potential has been shown for cognitive remediation in populations at risk for future decline, including the military about to be deployed and healthy older adults. Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), a probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) prodromal phase, is characterized by cognitive decline and psychological symptoms, which worsen prognosis. It is suggested that MBI could benefit aMCI by promoting both brain health (hence reducing AD risk factors) and cognitive health (through attention training). This thesis aimed at determining to what extent an MBI can improve the psychocognitive profile of older adults with aMCI and to deepen the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of action. To do so, a first article has collated the available literature on changeable adverse factors and cognitive decline associated with AD, with the objective of identifying MBI’s potential mechanisms of action on AD pathology. A schematic model was then developed to illustrate the course of aMCI and AD neurodegeneration, and the MBI possible preventive effects through stress, depression, and metabolic syndrome remediation. This review showed evidence that MBI’s main effects on aMCI and AD development happened through stress, depressive symptoms, and inflammation reduction. Next, a clinical study published in two separate articles tested MBI’s effects on psychological and cognitive variables. The efficacy and specific mechanisms of action of the administered MBI were compared to those of a psychoeducation-based intervention (PBI). In the second article of the thesis, both interventions led to improved anxio-depressive symptoms and aging-related quality of life. General quality of life and memory remained stable after the two interventions. MBI’s efficacy was explained by improvement of acceptation and reductions of ruminations, but not by monitoring changes. The third article, which investigated more deeply the interventions’ effects on cognitive variables, showed no specific benefits on memory or attention following the MBI. The only attentional and subjective cognitive changes reported were similar for both interventions, while MBI-specific effects were expected. The hypothesis regarding an attentional control contribution to memory changes was also denied by the study results. Overall, the thesis supports the relevance of a MBI as a psychological therapeutic option for older adults with aMCI. While its potential to improve cognition was not demonstrated in the thesis, it is suggested that it might instead modify an expected cognitive decline. Further clinical studies in aMCI populations based on the reflections of the last chapter of the thesis are needed to deepen the understanding of mindfulness’ effects and mechanisms of action on psycho-cognitive symptomatology. This thesis contributes to research efforts in AD prevention by backing the relevance of a new non-pharmacological approach for a highly vulnerable population. Its contributions also refine knowledge of MBI effects and mechanisms and confirm the need for early intervention in older adults with aMCI.
Falquier, Jean-François. "Confusion mentale aigue͏̈ : aspects prédictifs chez le sujet âgé hospitalisé." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M080.
Full textVanneste, Sandrine. "Evolution des conduites temporelles au cours du vieillissement normal." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05H066.
Full textThis work was aimed at characterizing changes occurring in temporal behaviors with aging. The framework of the set of studies is that of internal timer models. According to these models, an internal time basis produces pulses, which are accumulated in a specific mechanism and then, processed and stored. Performances of young adults (20-30 years-old) and elderly adults (60-80 years-old), obtained in a series of varied temporal situations which involve differentially the timer components, were compared in order to determine the weights of changes in these components in the evolution of time perception with aging. Results obtained in rhythmic tasks (spontaneous motor tempo, continuation of a learned tempo and synchronization to an external rate), which require motor production of short periodical intervals (less than a second) show that the rhythm of the internal time basis slows down but does not become more variable with aging. Therefore, the higher variability of asynchronies between hand taps and sounds observed for elderly in the synchronization task is better explained by a deficit of encoding processes for short durations. Performances of older adults are also impaired in tasks which require evaluation of duration in the range of several seconds to one minute. The deterioration of time estimation is particularly important when attentional and memory demands increase
Doucet, Lise. "Le rôle de la contention physique dans le développement du delirium chez les aînés atteints de déficits cognitifs hébergés dans les milieux de soins de longue durée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24524/24524.pdf.
Full textMarquié, Jean-Claude. "Vieillissement cognitif, expérience, et contraintes de l'environnement. Perspectives théoriques et ergonomiques." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30235.
Full textPrimeau, Geneviève. "Le contexte de survenue des comportements agressifs chez les personnes âgées institutionnalisées souffrant de démence." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/50801.
Full textLagrange, Véronique. "Le rôle de l'interaction individu/environnement dans le fonctionnement social de personnes âgées ayant des atteintes cognitives légères." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23806/23806.pdf.
Full textAnsiau, David. "Effets modérateurs des expériences cognitives et non-cognitives de travail sur le vieillissement cognitif." Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20084.
Full textThe work deals with the moderator effects of cognitive and non-cognitive job experiences on cognitive ageing. It includes 4 empirical studies from which 3 are based on data coming from the VISAT study (n=3237 ; ageing, health and work). The first two investigate the effects of cognitive stimulation at work or test the maintenance hypothesis (cognitive experiences). The other two are about the short -and long- term effects of shift work, sleep troubles and other work conditions on cognitive efficiency. Several results show that some job experiences may either impair the cognitive functioning in the long term (shift work) or moderate the ageing effects (cognitive stimulation at work). The discussion emphasizes the need of improving working conditions as a way of contributing to successful ageing
Adam, Anne-Marie. "Difficultés subjectives de sommeil chez les personnes âgées présentant ou non un trouble cognitif sans démence." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29698/29698.pdf.
Full textArab, Farah. "Quelles ressources pour le sujet viellissant ? : les ontologies, une perspective pour la conception et l'évaluation des aides capacitantes." Paris 8, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA083283.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the design and the evaluation of the assistive technological solutions dedicated to the aging people. It is based on a framework which proposes a developmental approach of the aging subject. Our research is composed of three main objectives. The first objective is to improve the knowledge of the aging people (with or without cognitive impairments) problems of activity limitations and participation restrictions in society. The second objective is to preserve (or to develop) the empowerment of the persons with and without cognitive impairment, during the daily activities. Finally, the third objective is to enrich the subject model considered in the design. In this research, the design challenge exceeds the compensation and the slowing down of the individual state deterioration. It aims to preserve the residual individual capabilities and to propose the resources for an adequate fallback and the individual capabilities and empowerment development. Our work is based on a multidisciplinary, participatory and user centered design approach. We use ergonomics knowledge to improve the human-machines interactions, psychological knowledge to analyze acceptability and appropriation of the technical assistive devices, and technical knowledge to develop assistive technologies
Tardif, Sarah. "Processus associatifs en mémoire épisodique dans le vieillissement normal et dans le trouble cognitif léger de type amnésique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25613.
Full textThe present thesis aims to characterize associative memory processes in normal ageing and in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). In the first study (Chapter II), performances of younger (control group) and healthy older adults were compared using an experimental task that measures item memory, location memory, and spatial or temporal associative memory. Results indicate that heatlhy older adults performed worse than young adults in all task conditions. A significant interaction revealed a greater age-related difference regarding spatial associative memory compared to item memory. Analyses of the pattern of errors confirmed the difficulty of older adults to memorize associations with a spatial context. The analyses also revealed that despite their difficulty to memorize associations with a temporal context, older adults can use information regarding the temporal order of items at study phase in order to reconstruct temporal associations. In the second study (Chapter III), performances of healthy older adults (control group) and people with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) were compared using the same experimental task described above. Participants from the aMCI group performed worse than healthy older adults in all task conditions except the one measuring temporal associative memory. In addition, no interactions were found, indicating that the magnitude of differences between groups was comparable between task conditions. The analysis of the pattern of errors revealed that healthy older adults can implicitly use temporal information in order to reconstruct associations with a temporal context, but not participants with aMCI. In sum, results from Study 1 suggest that associative deficit hypothesis is not universal. Results from Study 2 suggest 1) that aMCI is not characterized by an associative memory deficit when compared to healthy older adults; but 2) contrary to healthy older adults, aMCI subjects do not have the capacity to implicitly bind pieces of information. In other words, the analysis of the pattern of errors in associative memory tasks might represent a novel way to identify prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and this question needs to be investigated in future work. To conclude, the present thesis suggests directions for future research on associative memory in the prodromal phase of AD.
El-Amrani, Laïla. "Réadaptation cognitive dans la maladie d’Alzheimer : effets sur les activités instrumentales de la vie quotidienne, la qualité de vie, l’estime de soi et la satisfaction de soi." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40078.
Full textNaël, Virginie. "Impact des troubles visuels sur la perte d'autonomie et le déclin cognitif du sujet âgé Prevalence and associated factors of uncorrected refractive error in older adults in a population-based study in France Visual impairment, undercorrected refractive errors, and activity limitations in older adults : findings from the three-city Alienor study." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses-intra.upmc.fr/modules/resources/download/theses/2018SORUS271.pdf.
Full textWith the ageing of the population there is an increase of chronic pathologies, leading to functional limitations. Cognitive decline and dementia are the main causes of these limitations, preventing healthy ageing. Visual impairment, frequent in the elderly population and insufficiently managed, could represent a pathway for the prevention of these pathologies. The main objective of this work was to analyze the impact of visual impairment on activity limitations and cognitive impairment and to evaluate to what extent the improvement of vision could improve cognitive and functional health. This work was based on the analysis of 9294 participants from the Three City (3C) cohort and 963 participants from the Alienor ophthalmological study, nested in the 3C study. Detailed data on cognition, activity limitations and vision are available in these cohorts. In our study, we estimated that 38.8% of older adults had refractive errors (myopia, astigmatism, and hyperopia) which were poorly or not corrected by lenses or glasses. An effect of visual impairment on activity limitations has been found from a visual acuity less than 20/25 and nearly 1/5 of limitations could be avoided by best-achieved optical correction. Visual impairment was also associated with an increased risk of dementia over a 12-year follow-up period, with a higher risk in participants with both visual impairment and depressive symptoms. Nevertheless, no longitudinal associations were found with cognitive decline. This thesis provides supplementary arguments to promote a better management of visual impairment in prevention of functional limitations; however, further studies are needed to study the impact of visual impairment on cognitive decline and dementia
Proulx, Caroline. "La rétrospective de vie et le bien-être émotionnel réalisation d'une thérapie multimédia chez une personne âgée ayant des troubles cognitifs." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2463.
Full textPalem, Eric. "La pseudo-démence dépressive : revue de la littérature et étude personnelle." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR23038.
Full textJoubert, Clemence. "Impacts des entraînements cognitifs sur la cognition chez les adultes âgés : quel avantage de l'entraînement combiné ?" Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2101/document.
Full textOur western society is currently facing an increase in life expectancy, which is leading to a growing aging population. Despite medical advances, there is a deterioration of cognitive functions and physical abilities, which is responsible for a decline in life quality and a loss of autonomy. In addition, the number of neurodegenerative diseases, whose first risk factor is age, is increasing. Today, there is no pharmacological means to effectively counter agerelated cognitive and physical decline. Thus, the objective of this thesis was to test the impact of non-pharmacological methods on cognition, particularly on working memory and executive functions, quality of life, and autonomy. We focused on cognitive and physical training, with the main hypothesis that a combination of these two aspects within the same training would be more effective than a single workout (ie cognitive or physical) insofar as they would generate different but complementary benefits. This thesis work is organized around three studies : Study 1, which aims to investigate the impact of a simple cognitive training compared to a combined cognitive-and-physical training on cognition ; Study 2, which compares the impact of these two same trainings but this time at a cerebral functional level ; Study 3 which investigates the impact of multidimensional intervention in Alzheimer's disease. The results of this thesis work showed, with regard to normal aging, the benefits of both types of training at the behavioral level, in terms of transfer and long-term maintenance. On the other hand, if combined training has resulted in greater transfer, cognitive training alone produces better benefits maintenance over time. Relative to brain function level, benefits were shown on the P100 component, which reflects attentional recruitment solely for the cognitive training group alone. Then, we observed benefits in pathological aging at the level of cognition. To conclude, this thesis work allowed us to show the beneficial effects of cognitive and / or physical training in normal and pathological aging, even if at present we cannot conclude for the superiority of combined training compared to cognitive training
Charbonneau, Cristel. "Prédiction du déclin cognitif chez les personnes âgées à l'aide des perturbations du sommeil." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29954.
Full textMorin-Alain, Valérie, and Valérie Morin-Alain. "Effets d'une intervention basée sur la pleine conscience sur l'inflammation périphérique de personnes âgées avec un trouble cognitif léger." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37113.
Full textLa maladie d’Alzheimer (MA) est une pathologie neurodégénérative invalidante à laquelle est associé un lourd fardeau économique et social. Pour l’instant, les traitements pharmacologiques disponibles ne sont pas en mesure d’arrêter définitivement ou d’altérer la progression de cette maladie. La prévention est une alternative intéressante puisque la MA évolue sur plusieurs années et serait attribuable à des facteurs de risque modifiables (ex : détresse psychologique, hypertension, tabagisme, inflammation périphérique, etc.) dans le tiers des cas. Parmi ces facteurs, l’inflammation périphérique est d’une importance cruciale puisqu’elle fait partie intégrante de la cascade pathophysiologique de la MA et se manifeste en conjonction avec d’autres facteurs de risque tels la dépression, l’anxiété, l’obésité et le tabagisme. De plus, des anomalies au plan inflammatoire sont détectables dès la phase prodromique de la MA, soit le trouble cognitif léger (TCL). Puisque les interventions basées sur la pleine conscience (IBPC) exerceraient un effet régulateur sur le profil inflammatoire périphérique chez diverses populations cliniques, elles semblent prometteuses pour des individus atteints d’un TCL. Ce mémoire doctoral avait comme objectif principal d’évaluer les effets d’une IBPC sur le profil inflammatoire périphérique de personnes âgées atteintes d’un TCL comparativement à une intervention contrôle basée sur la psychoéducation (IBPE). Le projet avait aussi comme but secondaire d’investiguer les mécanismes d’action de l’IBPC en étudiant la relation entre les paramètres inflammatoires et la symptomatologie dépressive. Les résultats suggèrent des altérations du profil inflammatoire potentiellement bénéfiques à la suite de l’IBPC, alors qu’aucune tendance ne fut identifiée pour l’IBPE. Concernant le second objectif, aucune association n’a été identifiée entre la symptomatologie dépressive et l’inflammation périphérique. L’IBPC aurait donc possiblement des effets physiologiques sur un des facteurs de risque central à la MA, l’inflammation périphérique. Cette forme d’intervention aurait avantage à être investiguée plus en profondeur dans un contexte de prévention de la MA.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an extremely invalidating condition with considerable economic and social burden. The pharmacological agents currently available are unable to stop or alter the disease’s progression. Prevention is a promising alternative since AD progresses over many years and one-third of all cases are due to modifiable risk factors such as psychological distress, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and peripheral inflammation. Amongst these risk factors, peripheral inflammation is of crucial importance since it is involved in the pathophysiological cascades of AD and appears in conjunction with many of its risk factors including depression, anxiety, smoking, and obesity. Furthermore, anomalies in peripheral inflammatory profiles can be found as early as during the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage, which corresponds to the prodromal phase of AD in several individuals. Since, mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) have normalizing effects on peripheral profiles of different populations, this approach is promising for individuals with MCI. The main objective of this doctoral dissertation was to evaluate the effects of a MBI, as compared to a psychoeducation-based intervention (PBI), on the peripheral inflammatory profiles of elderly participants with MCI. As a secondary objective, the present research work also aimed at investigating the action mechanisms of MBI by testing the relation between inflammatory parameters and depressive symptomatology. Results suggested potentially beneficial alterations of the inflammatory profiles following a MBI, whereas no particular tendency was found in the PBI group. Regarding the secondary objective, no association was found between inflammatory parameters and depressive symptomatology. Thus, MBI might exerts physiological effects on a central risk factor of AD, that is peripheral inflammation. Further studies are necessary to investigate the prospect of MBIs as part of an AD prevention strategy.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an extremely invalidating condition with considerable economic and social burden. The pharmacological agents currently available are unable to stop or alter the disease’s progression. Prevention is a promising alternative since AD progresses over many years and one-third of all cases are due to modifiable risk factors such as psychological distress, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and peripheral inflammation. Amongst these risk factors, peripheral inflammation is of crucial importance since it is involved in the pathophysiological cascades of AD and appears in conjunction with many of its risk factors including depression, anxiety, smoking, and obesity. Furthermore, anomalies in peripheral inflammatory profiles can be found as early as during the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage, which corresponds to the prodromal phase of AD in several individuals. Since, mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) have normalizing effects on peripheral profiles of different populations, this approach is promising for individuals with MCI. The main objective of this doctoral dissertation was to evaluate the effects of a MBI, as compared to a psychoeducation-based intervention (PBI), on the peripheral inflammatory profiles of elderly participants with MCI. As a secondary objective, the present research work also aimed at investigating the action mechanisms of MBI by testing the relation between inflammatory parameters and depressive symptomatology. Results suggested potentially beneficial alterations of the inflammatory profiles following a MBI, whereas no particular tendency was found in the PBI group. Regarding the secondary objective, no association was found between inflammatory parameters and depressive symptomatology. Thus, MBI might exerts physiological effects on a central risk factor of AD, that is peripheral inflammation. Further studies are necessary to investigate the prospect of MBIs as part of an AD prevention strategy.