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1
Gresham, Frank M. "Methodological Issues in Evaluating Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments for Students with Behavioral Disorders." Behavioral Disorders 30, no. 3 (2005): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019874290503000302.
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Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) is based on the notion that thoughts, emotions, and actions are reciprocally linked and that changes in one of these necessarily will produce changes in the others. In CBT, thoughts, emotions, perceptions, and information processing styles all play a key role in the development and remediation of behavior and adjustment difficulties of children with emotional and behavioral disorders. This article focuses on methodological issues involved in the development, implementation, and evaluation of outcomes in CBT. Several meta-analyses of the literature suggest that approximately 65% of children and youth receiving CBT improve compared to only 35% of controls. Criteria for evidence-based interventions used to determine the efficacy and effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatments are described. This article discusses the role of cognition in CBT, criteria for determining clinical significance of treatment effects, mediators and moderators of treatment outcomes, and treatment integrity of CBT.
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Toner, Brenda B. "Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome." CNS Spectrums 10, no. 11 (2005): 883–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900019854.
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ABSTRACTThere is increasing evidence that supports the view that irritable bowel disorder (IBS) is a disorder of brain-gut function. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has received increased attention in light of this recent shift in the conceptualization of IBS. This review has two main aims. The first is to provide a critical review of controlled trials on CBT for IBS. The second is to discuss ways of further developing CBT interventions that are more clinically relevant and meaningful to health care providers and individuals with a diagnosis of IBS. A theme from a CBT intervention will be presented to illustrate how CBT interventions can be incorporated within a larger social context. A review of CBT for IBS lends some limited support for improvement in some IBS symptoms and associated psychosocial distress. This conclusion needs to be expressed with some caution, however, in light of many methodological shortcomings including small sample sizes, inadequate control conditions and failure to identify primary versus secondary outcome measures. In addition, future studies will need to further develop more relevant CBT protocols that more fully integrate the patient's perspective and challenge social cognitions about this stigmatized disorder.
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Onur, O., D. H. Ertem, D. Uludüz, and Ç. Karşıdağ. "Cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic migraine." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): s500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.626.
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AimAlthough current standard treatment for migraine headache is medication, high levels of psychological comorbidity has led to migraine influencing by cognitive, emotional and environmental factors, as well as biological. Viewing migraine in a biopsychosocial framework introduces the possible utilisation of psychological treatment options, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of CBT for chronic migraine.MethodologyThirty-five participants diagnosed as chronic migraine were recruited from Headache Clinic. According to inclusion criteria 14 participants, underwent bi-weekly lasting 30 minutes CBT sessions for 6 months, were administered Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MİDAS) before and after CBT.FindingsNine of the participants were female and 5 male. Mean age of group was 34.35 ± 8.17. Duration of illness was 13.07 ± 7.18 and 12 of participants had the history of a psychiatry illness whose diagnoses were depression (7), anxiety disorder (4) and post-traumatic stress disorder (1). Nine of the patients had prophylactic migraine treatment. There were statistically significant difference in Hamilton Depression scores between before CBT (29.07 ± 7.74) and after CBT (14.21 ± 7.7); in Hamilton Anxiety scores before CBT (26.8 ± 11.7) and after CBT (11.7 ± 2.6); in VAS scores before CBT (8.07± 0.91) and after CBT (3.71 ± 1.32); in frequency of migraine attacks between before CBT (10.85 ± 3.50 day) and after CBT (4.92 ± 2.70 day) and in MİDAS before CBT (55.5 ± 20.4) and after CBT (20.12 ± 16.6) (P < 0.05).ConclusionCBT might reduce the severity of symptoms in migraine patients especially with the comorbidity of psychiatric illness.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Spendelow, Jason S. "Cognitive–Behavioral Treatment of Depression in Men." American Journal of Men's Health 9, no. 2 (2014): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988314529790.
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Depression is a significant public health issue and many researchers have suggested that modifications to conventional cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) are required to address infrequent help-seeking in men and counter negative effects of traditional masculinity on therapeutic engagement. This narrative review summarizes recommended alterations to CBT in the areas of therapeutic setting, process, and content. Key themes from this literature include a focus on behavioural interventions, and harmful cognitions that orginate from the traditional male gender stereotype. This literature is marked by limited empirical support for many of the recommended treatment modifications, and several options for future research are outlined.
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Granero, R., F. Fernández-Aranda, G. Mestre-Bach, et al. "Cognitive behavioral therapy for compulsive buying behavior: Predictors of treatment outcome." European Psychiatry 39 (January 2017): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.06.004.
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AbstractBackgroundCompulsive buying behavior (CBB) is receiving increasing consideration in both consumer and psychiatric-epidemiological research, yet empirical evidence on treatment interventions is scarce and mostly from small homogeneous clinical samples.ObjectivesTo estimate the short-term effectiveness of a standardized, individual cognitive behavioral therapy intervention (CBT) in a sample of n = 97 treatment-seeking patients diagnosed with CBB, and to identify the most relevant predictors of therapy outcome.MethodThe intervention consisted of 12 individual CBT weekly sessions, lasting approximately 45 minutes each. Data on patients’ personality traits, psychopathology, sociodemographic factors, and compulsive buying behavior were used in our analysis.ResultsThe risk (cumulative incidence) of poor adherence to the CBT program was 27.8%. The presence of relapses during the CBT program was 47.4% and the dropout rate was 46.4%. Significant predictors of poor therapy adherence were being male, high levels of depression and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, low anxiety levels, high persistence, high harm avoidance and low self-transcendence.ConclusionCognitive behavioral models show promise in treating CBB, however future interventions for CBB should be designed via a multidimensional approach in which patients’ sex, comorbid symptom levels and the personality-trait profiles play a central role.
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Wuthrich, Viviana M. "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety in Cognitively Intact Older Adults." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 31, no. 1 (2017): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.31.1.57.
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This article discusses potential adaptations to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) needed when working with older adults. Although CBT has been demonstrated to be efficacious in older anxious populations in meta-analyses, more research is needed to better understand the efficacy of CBT for the individual anxiety disorders, for older adults aged 80 years and older, and the efficacy of individual CBT elements. Despite normal age-related reductions in cognitive and physical abilities, most research suggests that only minor adaptations to CBT, if any, are needed for older adults. More significant adaptations relate to therapist attitudes and beliefs rather than the pragmatic CBT delivery, for example, negative attitudes related to aging and the likely benefit of CBT. Despite normal age-related declines in some cognitive domains, research to date suggests that normal cognitive changes do not significantly impact on treatment outcomes over the course of CBT; a case example is presented.
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Lawlor, C. E., J. T. Goodson, and G. J. Haeffel. "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression: A Primer." Клиническая и специальная психология 11, no. 2 (2022): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2022110206.
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Depression is one of the most common, disabling, and lethal (e.g., suicide) forms of psychopathology. Nearly 300 million people struggle with depression worldwide, and it is the leading cause of disability for people ages 15-44. Unfortunately, most people with depression do not receive the treatment they need. There is limited access to mental health services, and when services are available, the treatments used tend to have limited scientific support. This is because many mental health professionals are not trained in empirically supported treatments, are ambivalent about the role of science in clinical practice, and have limited access to scientific research (e.g., journal paywalls). The purpose of this special issue article is to provide a free and easy to use primer on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for depression. CBT is the most studied form of psychotherapy, has a strong theoretical basis, can be implemented by therapists of varying experience levels, and is as effective or more effective than existing treatments, including medication. CBT may not work for every client, but it is the best place to start. In this article, we discuss: a) why CBT should be the first-line treatment for depression, b) the theoretical basis of CBT for depression, and c) a basic overview of how to administer 12 sessions of CBT for depression. We also provide a reading list and supplemental open-access materials (e.g., a cognitive skills workbook) for further education.
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Kljenak, D. "Cognitive behavioral psychotherapy supervision - what works?" European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 1318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73023-1.
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IntroductionSubstantial empirical support for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) effectiveness in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders has been demonstrated. Adequate training in CBT results in improved therapist competence and patient outcomes. Essential part of the training in CBT is a clinical supervision. A review of theoretical perspectives on CBT supervision is provided. Commonly encountered obstacles in CBT supervision are illuminated with case examples.ObjectivesAt the end of the presentation participants will be able to describe a theoretical approach to CBT supervision, list common obstacles encountered in CBT supervision and describe strategies to effectively address these obstacles.AimsThe aim of the presentation is to encourage CBT psychotherapy supervisors to reflect on the supervisory methods they use and increase their ability to provide effective CBT supervision.MethodsThe literature on successful CBT supervision is reviewed. This case based presentation will illustrate strategies for addressing commonly encountered roadblocks in supervision.ResultsHaving a theoretical framework for CBT supervision enhances supervisors’ ability to provide successful supervision.ConclusionsReview of theoretical approaches to CBT supervision, the description of commonly encountered obstacles and strategies to manage them during the supervision creates platform for reflection on the supervisory methods used by the participants.
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Agras, W. Stewart, and Cara Bohon. "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Eating Disorders." Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 17, no. 1 (2021): 417–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-110907.
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Research findings strongly suggest that cognitive behavioral therapy for the eating disorders (CBT-ED) is more effective than other treatments for bulimia nervosa (BN) and for binge eating disorder (BED), although interpersonal psychotherapy appears to be equally effective for BED. Evidence for the effectiveness of CBT-ED for the persistent (adult) form of anorexia nervosa (AN) is insufficient at present and is essentially absent for AN in adolescents except for some evidence from uncontrolled trials. This article begins with an overview of the early studies in the development of CBT-ED that showed a similar effectiveness of other symptom-focused psychotherapies—a finding that was neglected at the time. Later developments are then considered, including comparisons of CBT-ED with other psychotherapies, efforts to develop Internet-based training and treatment, and electronic applications for treatment. Finally, implications of the findings for future short- and long-term research and for clinical practice are considered.
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Foa, Edna B., and Martin E. Franklin. "Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Efficacy and Applications." CNS Spectrums 8, no. 5 (2003): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900018599.
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It has been a pleasure to assemble this month's issue of CNS Spectrums about cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders in which the successful treatments of five disorders are discussed. As is evident from the five papers in this issue, most patients with pathologic anxiety can be helped with available treatment, either short-term CBT or medication. Also apparent in these papers is that the work has not been completed: some patients do not benefit from the available treatments at all, and most who do respond still remain somewhat symptomatic.
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Reynolds, Gretchen O., Marie Saint-Hilaire, Cathi A. Thomas, David H. Barlow, and Alice Cronin-Golomb. "Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety in Parkinson’s Disease." Behavior Modification 44, no. 4 (2019): 552–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145445519838828.
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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by motor symptoms, but nonmotor symptoms also significantly impair daily functioning and reduce quality of life. Anxiety is prevalent and debilitating in PD, but remains understudied and undertreated. Much affective research in PD focuses on depression rather than anxiety, and as such, there are no evidence-based treatments for anxiety in this population. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has shown promise for treating depression in PD and may be efficacious for anxiety. This exploratory study implemented a multiple-baseline single-case experimental design to evaluate the utility and feasibility of CBT for individuals with PD who also met criteria for a DSM-5 anxiety disorder ( n = 9). Participants were randomized to a 2-, 4-, or 6-week baseline phase, followed by 12 CBT sessions, and two post treatment assessments (immediately post treatment and 6-week follow-up). Multiple outcome measures of anxiety and depression were administered weekly during baseline and intervention. Weekly CBT sessions were conducted in-person ( n = 5) or via secure videoconferencing ( n = 4). At post treatment, seven of the nine participants showed significant reductions in anxiety and/or depression, with changes functionally related to treatment and most improvements maintained at 6-week follow-up. Effects of CBT on secondary outcomes varied across participants, with preliminary evidence for reduction in fear of falling. Adherence and retention were high, as were treatment satisfaction and acceptability. The findings of this pilot study provide preliminary evidence for the utility of CBT as a feasible treatment for anxiety and comorbid depressive symptoms in PD and highlight the potential of telehealth interventions for mood in this population.
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Alya Attiah, Alghamdi. "Cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for drug addiction." Journal of Addiction Therapy and Research 7, no. 1 (2023): 005–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jatr.1001025.
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Drug addiction remains a major health concern following its devastating consequences to the users and the economy. Current statistics show a rising trend in substance abuse around the globe with approximately 284 million people engaging in drug abuse. Various approaches are used to treat the victims of drug abuse. Cognitive behavior therapy, a form of nonpharmacological intervention, has also been shown to be an effective treatment option for drug addiction. The use of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has grown since the 1970s to become one of the most important models of psychotherapy in this decade. Various empirical studies have shown the efficacy of CBT in well-controlled trials. A total of 19 randomized trials (cases) (with over 1400 patients treated) were selected and studied. In the various cases, results showed that patients were treated for drug and substance abuse disorders with the majority being those who abused cannabis, cocaine, alcohol and other opioids. In most cases, the CBT techniques that were used for drug addiction included cognitive restructuring, relapse prevention and contingency management. Components of CBT for drug addiction include skills and training, amplification of non-substance-related activities, approaches for managing urges, drug rejection and improvement of social aptitudes. Cognitive restructuring focuses on the identification of misconceptions and influencing the way people think about themselves by eliminating distorted thinking. Relapse prevention focuses on the identification and prevention of high-risk situations that may trigger the patient to engage in drug abuse. Contingency management reinforces positive behaviors and reduces negative behaviors through the use of rewards and incentives.
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Grant, Robert W., and David A. Casey. "Adapting Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Frail Elderly." International Psychogeriatrics 7, no. 4 (1995): 561–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610295002298.
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Depression is a common psychiatric disorder of the aged. This article briefly reviews the literature on the use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with the elderly, and suggests some changes in using CBT with the elderly based on the authors' clinical experiences. Recommended changes in technique and common themes when dealing with the frail elderly are described, including the use of “supportive CBT” for patients with mild cognitive impairment. The authors' experiences suggest that CBT is an effective treatment for depression and other affective disorders of the frail elderly, and is especially useful when somatic treatments are contraindicated or produce intolerable side effects.
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Binic, I., J. Petrovic, J. Antonijevic, D. Pancic, M. Zdravkovic, and F. Petrovic. "Cognitive behavioral therapy for patients with schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 66, S1 (2023): S1025—S1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2177.
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IntroductionIn treating schizophrenia, there is growing interest in introducing and renewing psychosocial therapies, including psychotherapy. In recent years, this has specifically entailed the adaption of particular cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) approaches, which were previously only utilized for treating anxiety and mood disorders. The negative symptomatology of schizophrenia, which has proven to be especially difficult to treat, can be a challenge for CBT, particularly in terms of enhancing relationships with family and friends and work engagement.ObjectivesThe objective was to summarize the advantages of CBT treatment in schizophrenia briefly.MethodsPatients with schizophrenia frequently have comorbid problems, such as anxiety disorders (and disorders) and traumatic experiences, which can be effectively treated with CBT. In addition to pharmacological therapy, CBT is acknowledged as the gold standard in several countries for the treatment of schizophrenia. According to studies, combining CBT with medication can minimize psychotic symptoms.ResultsRegarding treatment, Beck describes the use of typical CBT techniques: building trust and engagement; working collaboratively to understand the meaning of symptoms; understanding the patient’s interpretation of past and present events, particularly those that the patient believes are related to the development and persistence of his or her current problems; normalizing these experiences and educating the patient about the stress-vulnerability model, and socialization. Clarifying the emotional and behavioral repercussions of a delusion’s activation leads to an initial examination of the evidence-based on more peripheral interpretations. It is recommended to treat negative symptoms such as amotivation, anergia, anhedonia, and social disengagement with behavioral self-monitoring, activity scheduling, ratings of mastery and enjoyment, graded work assignments, and assertiveness training.ConclusionsIn treatment settings where physicians are already utilizing high-quality psychoeducational materials to enhance adherence, an excellent foundation exists for introducing individual CBT for schizophrenia patients.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
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Abreu, T. "Cognitive-behavioral therapy for bipolar disorder." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2055.
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IntroductionBipolar disorder is a chronic disease with a major impact on patient's functioning and quality of life, not only during episodes of mania/hypomania or depression, but also during euthymic periods. In recent years, it has been noticed that pharmacotherapy, albeit its great value, is not enough to prevent recurrences of the disease. Therefore, it has been a greater investment in psychosocial interventions as adjuvant treatment. The utmost studied of these interventions is Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT).Objectives and aimsGather information about the efficacy of CBT in bipolar disorder.MethodsLiterature review.ResultsSeveral studies have compared groups of bipolar patients submitted to CBT to controls submitted to treatment as usual. The methods and size of samples differ, but the results are in general concordant. Individual or group CBT has had positive results in reducing symptoms, increasing the euthymic periods, decreasing duration of episodes and improving global functioning and quality of life.ConclusionsThere are limitations on the application of CBT in bipolar patients, mainly the decrease of its effects over time; less efficiency in patients with more severe disease; major impact on depressive symptoms than manic; and lack of human resources trained to apply these techniques. Notwithstanding these limitations, the demonstrated gain in the use of CBT on bipolar disorder is evident; hence, investment in this area is undoubtedly important.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Hambrick, James P., Justin W. Weeks, Gerlinde C. Harb, and Richard G. Heimberg. "Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder: Supporting Evidence and Future Directions." CNS Spectrums 8, no. 5 (2003): 373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900018630.
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ABSTRACTThe present paper examines the role of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in the treatment of social anxiety disorder (SAD). A cognitive-behavioral model of SAD is first presented. Different modalities of CBT for SAD are then described, including exposure, cognitive restructuring, relaxation training, and social skills training, and evidence supporting their efficacy is reviewed. The comparative and combined impact of CBT and pharmacotherapeutic interventions is also explored. CBT appears to be an efficacious treatment for SAD. However, the overall efficacy CBT may be increased by closer examination of the active ingredients of treatment. Such analyses may also enable more successful integration of the different CBT techniques and of CBT and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of SAD.
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Hart, Trevor A. "The Role of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Behavioral Medicine: Introduction to the Special Issue." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 24, no. 4 (2010): 243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.24.4.243.
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Behavioral medicine focuses on assessment, treatment, and prevention of medical problems and promotion of health, using the behavioral sciences (e.g., International Society of Behavioral Medicine). Behavioral medicine is strongly rooted in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) both historically and in its use of CBT theories and techniques. The articles from the present special issue present the relation between cognition and behavior in both basic research and intervention studies. These articles extend the role of CBT into medical and public health settings, thereby expanding the ability of CBT therapists to help patients with medical problems and those who are at high risk for developing medical problems.
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Lan, Yufei. "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Bulimia Nervosa: A Review." Theoretical and Natural Science 70, no. 1 (2024): 128–34. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2024.18848.
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Bulimia nervosa is a complex eating disorder that severely affects patients mental health and quality of life. And the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), as a cutting-edge intervention, has profoundly revealed the cognitive mechanisms behind bulimic behaviors, paving new pathways for treatment. The paper delves into the strategies of CBT in bulimia intervention, emphasizing the core elements of emotional regulation, cognitive restructuring and behavioral experimentation. At the same time, the challenges that may arise during the implementation of CBT should not be overlooked, such as patient compliance and therapist skill requirements, which directly affect the treatment outcome. In addition, various coping strategies, including personalized treatment plans, enhanced patient participation, as well as continuous professional training, are analyzed to improve the applicability and effectiveness of CBT in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. Through the summarized analysis of existing studies, this paper aims to provide a scientific basis for clinical practice, so as to boost the application and development of CBT in the field of bulimia nervosa treatment, and to bring the hope of more effective recovery to patients.
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McCrae, Christina. "DOES IMPROVING SLEEP IMPROVE COGNITION IN OLDER INDIVIDUALS WITH INSOMNIA?" Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.173.
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Abstract Late life insomnia is associated with worse cognitive performance. Behavioral/cognitive behavioral treatments for insomnia (BBT-I, CBT-I) improve sleep in older adults, but findings are mixed for cognition. This presentation examines the effects BBT-I and CBT-I on sleep and cognition across three RCTs involving older individuals (community-dwelling [N=62, Mage=69.45(SD=7.71)], chronic pain [N=64, Mage=53.2 (SD=13.7)], dementia caregiving [N=36, Mage=62.32 (SD=6.71]). Sleep was assessed using daily diaries and actigraphy for 1-2 weeks prior to randomization to treatment or control. Cognition was measured using standardized executive functioning, memory, and attention measures. Multiple regressions revealed improved executive functioning following treatment (caregivers), associations between improved executive performance and greater pain/sleep improvements (chronic pain), and associations between improved attention and processing speed and improved sleep 9-months following treatment (community-dwelling). BBT-I/CBT-I hold promise for improving cognition in older aged individuals with insomnia. Research is needed to determine what factors influence/which patients are most likely to experience cognitive benefits.
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Dobkin, Roseanne D., Sarah L. Mann, Michael A. Gara, Alejandro Interian, Kailyn M. Rodriguez, and Matthew Menza. "Telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson disease." Neurology 94, no. 16 (2020): e1764-e1773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000009292.
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ObjectiveTo determine whether, for patients with depression and Parkinson disease (PD), telephone-based cognitive-behavioral treatment (T-CBT) alleviates depressive symptoms significantly more than treatment as usual (TAU), we conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of a 10-session T-CBT intervention for depression in PD, compared to TAU.MethodsSeventy-two people with PD (PWP) were randomized to T-CBT + TAU or TAU only. T-CBT tailored to PWPs’ unique needs was provided weekly for 3 months, then monthly during 6-month follow-up. CBT targeted negative thoughts (e.g., “I have no control”; “I am helpless”) and behaviors (e.g., social withdrawal, excessive worry). It also trained care partners to help PWP practice healthy habits. Blind raters assessed outcomes at baseline, midtreatment, treatment end, and 1 and 6 months post-treatment. Analyses were intent to treat.ResultsT-CBT outperformed TAU on all depression, anxiety, and quality of life measures. The primary outcome (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score) improved significantly in T-CBT compared to TAU by treatment end. Mean improvement from baseline was 6.53 points for T-CBT and −0.27 points for TAU (p < 0.0001); gains persisted over 6-month follow-up (p < 0.0001). Improvements were moderated by a reduction in negative thoughts in the T-CBT group only, reflecting treatment target engagement.ConclusionsT-CBT may be an effective depression intervention that addresses a significant unmet PD treatment need and bypasses access barriers to multidisciplinary, evidence-based care.Clinicaltrials.gov identifierNCT02505737.Classification of evidenceThis study provides Class I evidence that for patients with depression and PD, T-CBT significantly alleviated depressive symptoms compared to usual care.
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Hudson, Joanna L., and Rona Moss-Morris. "Treating Illness Distress in Chronic Illness." European Psychologist 24, no. 1 (2019): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000352.
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Abstract. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based treatment for depression and anxiety recommended for those with and without physical long-term conditions (LTCs). However, the cognitive-behavioral mechanisms targeted in CBT protocols are based on empirical cognitive-behavioral models of depression and anxiety. In these models, emotions are conceptualized as primary mental health disorders rather than a reaction to the challenges of living with a LTC commonly referred to as illness distress. This raises important clinical questions with theoretical implications. These include: Is the experience of illness distress conceptually distinct from primary mental health diagnoses of anxiety and mood disorder? Are there unique cognitive-behavioral mechanisms related to illness self-management, which should be incorporated into CBT for illness distress? How can illness self-management interventions be embedded within existing CBT protocols for depression and anxiety? To address these questions, we distinguish between primary mental health disorders and illness distress conceptually and explore the impact of this on tailored treatment planning and engagement. Second, we review how health psychology theoretical models can help to inform modifications of existing cognitive-behavioral treatments for anxiety and depression to better support the needs of individuals experiencing illness distress. Third, we provide examples of how to embed processes important for illness self-management including, illness cognitions and adherence, alongside existing CBT techniques. The mechanisms and intervention techniques discussed may help to inform the development of integrated CBT treatments for illness distress for future hypothesis testing in comparative effectiveness trials.
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Heydarian, Maryam, Karim Afshari Nia, and Hasan Amiri. "Determining the Difference Between the Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Therapeutic Intervention and Cognitive Behavioral Hypnotherapy on Anxiety and Depression in Military Personnel." International Journal of Education and Cognitive Sciences 5, no. 4 (2024): 43–51. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.ijecs.5.4.5.
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Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Cognitive Behavioral Hypnotherapy (CBH) in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression among military personnel. Methods and Materials: The study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test format, including a control group. Forty-five military personnel were recruited and randomly assigned to three groups: a CBT group (n=15), a CBH group (n=15), and a control group (n=15). The interventions consisted of eight 1.5-hour sessions over eight weeks. Anxiety and depression levels were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) before and after the interventions. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) to compare post-test scores while controlling for pre-test differences. Findings: The results indicated that both CBT and CBH significantly reduced anxiety and depression compared to the control group. However, participants in the CBH group showed greater reductions in anxiety and depression post-intervention than those in the CBT group. All four statistical tests (Pillai’s Trace, Wilks’ Lambda, Hotelling’s Trace, and Roy’s Largest Root) confirmed the significant effect of group membership on post-test scores. The effect size was larger for CBH, suggesting that hypnotherapy provided additional benefits in reducing emotional distress. Conclusion: Both CBT and CBH were effective in reducing anxiety and depression in military personnel, with CBH showing superior outcomes. Hypnotherapy’s ability to access subconscious cognitive and emotional processes may enhance treatment efficacy, making it a valuable tool for addressing mental health issues in high-stress populations like the military.
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Golden, William L. "Cognitive-Behavioral Hypnotherapy for Anxiety Disorders." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 8, no. 4 (1994): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.8.4.265.
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The similarities and differences between cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy (CBH) and cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) as treatments for anxiety disorders are discussed. CBH interventions such as relaxation procedures, cognitive restructuring, desensitization, flooding, self-hypnosis, and hypnotic regression are described. Case examples are presented to illustrate the application of each technique.
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Primasari, Herdini, and Sri Kusrohmaniah. "CBT Variations in Treatment of Positive Symptoms for People with Schizophrenia: Scoping Review." Gadjah Mada Journal of Professional Psychology (GamaJPP) 11, no. 1 (2025): 32. https://doi.org/10.22146/gamajpp.96746.
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Schizophrenia is a disorder that affects thoughts, feelings, and behavior, often accompanied by positive symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) is a psychotherapeutic approach that help individuals with schizophrenia develop coping strategies and reduce positive symptoms. This scoping review research maps the variations of CBT types through 24 journals from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect (published from 2000 to 2022), which studied participants aged 18–65 years without comorbidities. CBT can be applied individually or in groups, including general cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance-based, cognitive behavioral social skill training, brief CBT for psychosis (culturally adapted), guided self-help, and module-based for specific symptoms. Most participants in the reviewed study were of age 30 to 50, with the majority being male. Based on the scoping review conducted, CBT can be conducted with therapist guidance or self-administered. CBT was also found to be effective in addressing positive symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia.
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Ashworth, Kevin J., Jacqueline Randall, Andrea Millen, and Johan Rosqvist. "Culturally Competent CBT." Clinical Case Studies 10, no. 6 (2011): 449–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534650111435163.
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A 21-year-old Korean, single, and immigrant male presented to therapy with significant symptoms of social anxiety disorder (SAD) for treatment at a university training clinic. At the time of intake, he was experiencing intense distress and remarkable adaptations in his life to accommodate rather chronic physiological symptoms related to social interactions. He immigrated to the United States 5 years prior to treatment from Seoul, Korea. He endured social anxiety for 6 years preceding treatment. The case was conceptualized and treated from a cognitive-behavioral framework. Treatment gains were measured using behavioral markers and a reliable change index using standardized outcome measures. This case illustrates the ability to adhere to a cognitive-behavioral treatment model for SAD while considering pertinent cultural factors. Furthermore, it highlights the generalizability of a specific treatment model when working with Korean immigrants. The authors discuss the need for future research, and treatment implications of this case are described.
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Skinner, Michelle, Hilary D. Wilson, and Dennis C. Turk. "Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for People With Chronic Pain: Distinctions, Outcomes, and Innovations." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 26, no. 2 (2012): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.26.2.93.
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This article reviews the cognitive-behavioral (CB) perspective on chronic pain and discusses the distinction between this perspective and cognitive and behavioral techniques. We describe the general efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in the treatment of people with chronic pain along with some of the limitations of published outcome studies. We discuss advances in moderation and mediation of treatment outcomes. Lastly, we discuss the need for research that takes into account growing interest in evidence-based medicine, methods that address responders and nonresponders, individual trajectories, how we might advance and refine CBT, and strategies related to relapse prevention, maintenance, and adherence enhancement taking advantage of evolving technological methods of service delivery. We provide recommendations on how to approach studies of CBT efficacy as a function of better understanding of patient characteristics and context. We advocate for the potential of the CB perspective for all healthcare providers regardless of discipline or training.
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Levy, Hannah C., Jessica M. Senn, and Adam S. Radomsky. "Further Support for the Acceptability-Enhancing Roles of Safety Behavior and a Cognitive Rationale in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 28, no. 4 (2014): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.28.4.303.
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It has been proposed that the judicious use of safety behavior may enhance the acceptability of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Indeed, Milosevic and Radomsky (2013a) found that descriptions of CBT incorporating safety behavior were more acceptable than those that discouraged safety behavior. This study aimed to replicate and extend this work. Participants were 688 undergraduates who rated the acceptability of descriptions of CBT varying in safety behavior (judicious or discouraged) and rationale (cognitive or extinction). Consistent with Milosevic and Radomsky, CBT with safety behavior was significantly more acceptable than traditional CBT. Cognitively based CBT was preferred over extinction-based CBT. The effects of prior treatment and general distress were also examined. Overall, previous treatment and greater anxiety were associated with significantly lower acceptability ratings. Results support the acceptability-enhancing role of safety behavior in CBT and are discussed in terms of cognitive-behavioral theory and treatment of anxiety and related disorders.
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Fatimah, radi slais Fuad Mousa A. Alshamrani Rayan ali alsarh Hanan Abdulwahab Al-Hawaj Abdulrahman Ahmed Alarfaj loaiee Faisal Halawani Eman Nasser Alyaseen Ahmed Abdu Alnaji Suhaib mohammed amin khan Khalid Saud Aloufi Ghadeer Ali Shibly. "COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY (CBT) FOR ANXIETY DISORDERS." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 12 (2018): 17014–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2527567.
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<strong><em>Introduction:</em></strong><em> The prevalence of anxiety disorders across the world is higher than 11.6%. </em><em>These common disorders are related with high societal expenses and demands, and in addition noteworthy decrements in the function of the psychosocial and the life quality. CBT includes a class of scientifically informed interventions that seek to directly control dysfunctional ways of thinking and patterns of how individuals behave so as to lessen psychological suffering. For anxiety disorders explicitly, cognitive models set that overstated appraisal of threat is a center component underlying pathological anxiety.</em> <strong><em>Aim of work: </em></strong><em>In this review, we will discuss the types of cognitive behavioral therapy used for various classes of anxiety disorders. </em> <strong><em>Methodology:</em></strong> <em>We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 1985, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: cognitive behavioral therapy, anxiety disorders, post traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, exposure therapy.</em> <strong><em>Conclusions:</em></strong><em> The research on CBT in anxiety disorders supports the efficacy and viability of these techniques, with the majority of the current research look into showing the usefulness of giving exposure therapy in the treatment of anxiety. Research supports the idea that anxiety disorder patients share basic psychological and biological vulnerabilities, recommending that effective treatments for anxiety are taking advantage of these common mechanisms. Further research about treatment directed towards the common mechanisms underlying effective CBT must be done. </em> <strong>Key words: </strong><em>cognitive behavioral therapy, anxiety disorder, non-pharmacological psychiatric treatments</em>
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Aarzoo, Aarzoo, and Santha Kumari. "Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Versus Cognitive Retraining (CR) in Depression." Open Journal for Psychological Research 7, no. 2 (2023): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojpr.0702.03053a.
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Mood disorders are recurrent or episodic with significant cognitive deficits and incomplete recovery. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) has been a well-established evidence-based intervention, and Cognitive retraining (CR) is emerging to reduce cognitive deficits by application of techniques that improve attention, memory, and/or executive functions that enhance psychosocial functioning. Method: The present study compared CBT and CR delivered as independent interventions as well as combined with medicines employing pre-post intervention and experimental research design. Outcome measures were Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Metacognitive Questionnaire (MCQ30), World Health Organization Quality of Life- Brief (WHOQOLBref), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). Results: CBT group statistically had highest QOL supported by environment and global functioning. The change in mean scores on outcome measures was greater for CR groups. Conclusion: CR with or without medicine is a feasible treatment option when CBT promulgation is inhibited by patient, therapist, or environmental variables.
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Oar, Ella L., Lauren F. McLellan, and Ronald M. Rapee. "Adapting Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxious Children and Adolescents." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 31, no. 1 (2017): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.31.1.23.
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This article discusses considerations for adapting cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques and processes with anxious children and adolescents. To successfully deliver CBT with this population, the therapist must take into consideration the child’s developmental level and other contextual factors that may affect treatment outcome. Suggested adaptions to CBT include the use of rewards, technology, and interactive activities to increase child motivation and engagement. Moreover, dependent on the child’s or adolescent’s cognitive capacity, cognitive techniques will need to be simplified and concrete examples provided to increase children’s understanding. It may be beneficial to have parents and/or schools involved in children’s treatment to assist them to implement CBT strategies outside of the therapy setting. A case example is presented to illustrate the implementation of CBT with a child.
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Tobon, Juliana I., Allison J. Ouimet, and David J. A. Dozois. "Attentional Bias in Anxiety Disorders Following Cognitive Behavioral Treatment." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 25, no. 2 (2011): 114–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.25.2.114.
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A substantive literature suggests that anxious people have an attentional bias toward threatening stimuli. To date, however, no systematic review has examined the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety on attentional bias. A better understanding of the extant literature on CBT and its effect on attentional bias can serve to bridge the gap between experimental research on cognitive bias and the implications for clinical treatment of anxiety disorders. The present review examined studies that measured the effects of CBT on attentional bias. Of the 13 studies reviewed, 10 demonstrated that attentional bias, as assessed by dichotic listening tasks, the emotional Stroop test, or probe detection tasks, was significantly reduced from pretreatment to posttreatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder, spider phobia, social phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder. Methodological issues are considered, and implications for cognitive behavioral treatments of anxiety are discussed.
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Bakos, Daniela Schneider, and Christian Haag Kristensen. "Supervising Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Practitioners in Urban Brazil." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 27, no. 1 (2013): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.27.1.42.
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There is growing interest in the study of supervision as a core aspect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) learning and practice. Standard models of CBT supervision generally contain some components of the following structure: teaching therapist conceptualization skills, interpersonal processes to build a collaborative therapeutic relationship, clinical procedures, and treatment protocols presenting specific procedures for particular problems. As is true for CBT practice, supervision is affected by the cultural context, including macrostructures (e.g., social and economic aspects) and microstructures (e.g., the institution where training is provided). The main goals of this article are (a) to review some of the key elements in clinical supervision of CBT practitioners, (b) to postulate sources of cultural variation that may affect CBT supervision in Brazil, and (c) to illustrate differences between CBT supervision models proposed in the literature and the practice of supervision carried out in Brazil.
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Jacobs, Rachel H., Sara J. Becker, John F. Curry, et al. "Increasing Positive Outlook Partially Mediates the Effect of Empirically Supported Treatments on Depression Symptoms Among Adolescents." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 28, no. 1 (2014): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.28.1.3.
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Among adolescents there is evidence that cognitive change partially mediates the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on depression outcome. However, prior studies have been limited by small samples, narrow measures of cognition, and failure to compare cognitive change following CBT to cognitive change following antidepressant medication. This study examined whether change in four cognitive constructs (cognitive distortions, cognitive avoidance, positive outlook, and solution-focused thinking) mediated change in depression severity in a sample of 291 adolescents who participated in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS). TADS assessed the effects of CBT, fluoxetine, and their combination on depression severity. All three treatments were associated with change in the cognitive constructs and combination treatment produced the greatest change. Furthermore, change in the cognitive constructs partially mediated change in depression severity within all three treatments. Results implicated positive outlook as the construct most associated with change in depression severity over 36 weeks.
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Hart, Stacey L., and Trevor A. Hart. "The Future of Cognitive Behavioral Interventions Within Behavioral Medicine." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 24, no. 4 (2010): 344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.24.4.344.
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There is a growing body of evidence supporting the use of cognitive behavioral treatment within behavioral medicine. There are several limitations to the current body of literature, including external validity of findings from randomized controlled trials, dissemination of findings, and the use of CBT when patients are unmotivated to make behavior change. The current paper proposes several future directions to address these limitations. Solutions to be explored in future research include practical behavioral trials, stepped care approaches, remote technology approaches such as telephone and Internet-based treatments, and the integration of motivational interviewing into cognitive behavioral treatment.
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Nurlita, Shania Islahi, Dinie Ratri Desiningrum, and Annastasia Ediati. "The Application of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in Drug Abuse Victims." Proceedings of International Conference on Psychological Studies (ICPsyche) 4 (October 20, 2023): 270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.58959/icpsyche.v4i1.44.
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Background: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is an appropriate therapy to be applied as a mental treatment for patients who have become victims of drug abuse, with a focus not only on cognition but also on patient behaviour. With CBT, individuals will be able to think rationally and prevent relapse. Research Objective: This study aims to gather sufficient data on the application of cognitive behaviour therapy for individuals addicted to drugs. Research Method: This study is a literature review. The authors used the PRISMA extraction form. The search for studies was conducted on databases published after January 1, 2013, and carried out for one week, from April 10th to April 17th, 2023 (excluding Saturdays and Sundays). The search was conducted on the following databases: Science Direct, Springer, and IPI (Portal Garuda) with Scopus Q1 and Q2 index standards and Sinta 4, using keywords. Inclusive and Exclusive Criteria This literature review will highlight the application of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) in Drug Abuse Victims, thus the established criteria are research articles on (1) the application of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) in Drug Abuse Victims, and (2) the outcomes of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) in Drug Abuse Victims. The search was limited to studies published in English and Indonesian, after January 1, 2013 (the past 10 years). Results: Various literature indicates that in their research, there is a significant influence with the implementation of patient treatment methods using cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for drug abuse victims as a step towards recovery and reduction of substance abuse and alcohol addiction. Furthermore, other findings suggest that CBT can reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in individuals who are victims of drug abuse.
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Bradshaw, William. "Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Schizophrenia: A Case Study." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 12, no. 1 (1998): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.12.1.13.
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Cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) has rarely been applied as the primary treatment for the multiple, severe and persistent problems that characterize schizophrenia. This case study describes the process of CBT in the long-term outpatient care of a young woman with schizophrenia. The study highlights the adaptation of cognitive-behavioral strategies to the unique needs of schizophrenia and presents data regarding clinical outcomes in this case. Measures of psychosocial functioning, severity of symptoms, attainment of treatment goals and hospitalization data were used to assess change over the 3- year treatment period and at 1-year follow-up. Results indicate considerable improvement in all outcome variables and maintenance of treatment gains. These findings suggest the potential usefulness of cognitive-behavioral interventions in the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Greer, Joseph A., Elyse R. Park, Holly G. Prigerson, and Steven A. Safren. "Tailoring Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy to Treat Anxiety Comorbid With Advanced Cancer." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 24, no. 4 (2010): 294–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.24.4.294.
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Patients with advanced cancer often experience debilitating anxiety symptoms that interfere with quality of life and relate to worse medical outcomes. Although cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an empirically validated, first-line treatment for anxiety disorders, clinical trials of CBT for anxiety typically exclude patients with medical comorbidities in general, and those with terminal illnesses, such as advanced cancer, in particular. Moreover, CBT has generally targeted unrealistic fears and worries in otherwise healthy individuals with clinically significant anxiety symptoms. Consequently, traditional CBT does not sufficiently address the cognitive components of anxiety in patients with cancer, especially negative thought patterns that are rational but nonetheless intrusive and distressing, such as concerns about pain, disability, and death, as well as management of multiple stressors, changes in functional status, and burdensome medical treatments. In this article, we describe a treatment approach for tailoring CBT to the needs of this population. Three case examples of patients diagnosed with terminal lung cancer are presented to demonstrate the treatment methods along with outcome measures for anxiety and quality of life.
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Garland, Sheila, Joshua Tulk, Joshua Rash, et al. "0827 Effect of virtual cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia on perceived cognitive functioning among cancer survivors." SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (2023): A364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0827.
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Abstract Introduction Comorbid insomnia and perceived cognitive impairments (PCI) affect up to 26% of individuals diagnosed with cancer. Given the association between sleep and cognition, and the lack of interventions to improve PCI, the present study examined the impact of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) on PCI among cancer survivors with insomnia disorder and cognitive complaints (clinicaltrials.gov:NCT04026048). Methods Cancer survivors (N=122) with insomnia and PCI were randomized to 7 weekly virtual CBT-I treatment sessions (n=56) or waitlist control (WLC: n=66). Participants completed the Insomnia Severity Index and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Cognitive Function upon entering the study (baseline; T0), and then again at 4 (T1), and 8 (T2) weeks. A series of 2 (treatment group: CBT-I and WLC) by 3 (time: T0, T1, T2) mixed ANOVAs were performed to assess changes in insomnia symptoms, PCI, perceived cognitive abilities (PCA), and impact of cognitive function on quality of life (QOL). Results Participants were, on average, aged 60 years, had 16 years of education, and 79% were female. Breast cancer was the most reported cancer type (46%). No significant differences were observed between groups at T0 for demographic or clinical variables (p&gt;.05). There was a significant group by time interaction for insomnia [p=&lt;.001, partial eta squared (pes)=.36]. Individuals randomized to CBT-I reported significant decreases in insomnia symptoms post treatment compared to WLC (CBT-I: -11.5; WLC: -2.7). Significant interactions were also observed for PCI (p=&lt;.001, pes=.11), PCA (p=&lt;.001, pes=.16), and impact on QOL (p=&lt;.001, pes=.15). Participants randomized to CBT-I reported significantly less PCI (CBT-I: 14.7; WLC: 4.1), better PCA (CBT-I: 5.8; WLC: 1.1), and less impact on QOL (CBT-I: 4.9; WLC: 1.1) than participants in the WLC. Conclusion In addition to improving insomnia, CBT-I significantly improve perceived cognitive functioning and quality of life among cancer survivors. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying improvements in cognition following CBT-I. Support (if any) Dr. Sheila Garland is supported by a Canadian Cancer Society Emerging Scholar Award (Survivorship) (grant #707146). This project was funded through a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) (grant number: PJT 162428) and the Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute.
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Jacob, Karen L., Michael S. Christopher, and Edmund C. Neuhaus. "Development and Validation of the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Skills Questionnaire." Behavior Modification 35, no. 6 (2011): 595–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145445511419254.
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Although several theories exist to describe why patients improve in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), in only a limited number of studies has CBT skill acquisition been examined, particularly among patients with complex clinical profiles. Thus, the overarching aim of this research was to develop a tool to measure patients’ use of CBT skills, such that it would have clinical utility for patients and therapists during treatment. In Study 1, the authors developed an initial set of items for the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Skills Questionnaire (CBTSQ). They submitted these items to an exploratory factor analysis in an initial administration ( n = 350) and to a confirmatory factor analysis in a second administration ( n = 378). Results indicated that there were two factors (Behavioral Activation and Cognitive Restructuring) with good factor structure and internal consistency, and both the factors evidenced expected relationships with other constructs. In Study 2, the criterion validity of the CBTSQ was investigated on a patient sample in a CBT-oriented treatment setting. Results showed that CBTSQ scores increased following treatment, and Cognitive Restructuring and Behavioral Activation scores predicted reduction of overall psychiatric symptoms and depression. Thus, the CBTSQ appears to be a promising measure of CBT skill acquisition and treatment outcome as well as an instrument that can help patients and therapists monitor progress specifically related to a CBT skills training treatment approach.
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Ratajska, Adrianna, Jonathan Zurawski, Brian Healy, and Bonnie I. Glanz. "Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Treatment of Depression in Multiple Sclerosis." International Journal of MS Care 21, no. 3 (2019): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2017-094.
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Abstract Depression is common in multiple sclerosis (MS), affecting up to 50% of patients at some point in their lifetime. Although the rate of depression in MS is higher than that in the general population and that in patients with other chronic medical conditions, depression in MS is underdiagnosed and undertreated. Antidepressant agents are used empirically in the management of MS-related depression, but evidence specifically demonstrating the efficacy of these medications in patients with MS is sparse. Considerable work suggests that psychological interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may be effective in the management of depression in MS. Recently there has been an expansion of computerized adaptations of CBT, allowing patients to complete therapy sessions remotely via online programs. This article reviews our current understanding of depression in MS and the role of CBT in its management, focusing on recent developments in computerized formats for CBT. Four computerized CBT programs that have been previously tested in patients with MS are described: Deprexis, MoodGYM, Beating the Blues, and MS Invigor8. We conclude that despite challenges inherent to computerized CBT interventions, such platforms have the potential to positively affect mental health care delivery to the MS patient population.
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Friðgeirsdóttir, Guðlaug, Steindór Oddur Ellertsson, Gunnar Jóhannsson, and Erla Björnsdóttir. "Effectiveness of an online cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia." Læknablaðið 101, no. 04 (2015): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17992/lbl.2015.04.20.
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Introduction: Insomnia is a common health problem with serious mental and physical consequences as well as increased economical costs. The use of hypnotics in Iceland is immense in spite of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) being recommended as the first choice treatment of chronic insomnia. To meet the needs of more individuals suffering from insomnia, online CBT-I was established at betrisvefn.is. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of this internet-based CBT-I. Material and methods: One hundred seventy-five users (mean age 46y (18-79y)) started a 6 week online intervention for insomnia. The dropout rate was 29%, leaving a final sample of 125 users. The intervention is based on well-established face-to-face CBT-I. Sleep diaries were used to determine changes in sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset. Treatment effects were assesed after six weeks of treatment and at the six week follow up. Results: Significant improvement was found in all main sleep variables except for 5% decrease in total sleep time (TST). Effects were sustained at 6 week follow-up and TST increased. The use of hypnotics decreased significantly. This form of treatment seems to suit the users very well and over 94% would recommend the treatment. Conclusion: Internet interventions for insomnia seem to have good potential. CBT-I will hopefully be offered as the first line treatment for chronic insomnia in Iceland instead of hypnotics as the availability of the CBT-I is growing. Thus, the burden on health care clinics might reduce along with the hypnotics use and the considerable costs of insomnia.
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Kiluk, Brian D., Bryan Benitez, Elise E. DeVito, et al. "A Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program for Adults With Alcohol Use Disorder." JAMA Network Open 7, no. 9 (2024): e2435205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.35205.
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ImportanceCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based treatment for alcohol use, yet patient access is limited and may be enhanced through digital therapeutics.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of a digital CBT program (Computer-Based Training for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy [CBT4CBT]) or clinician-delivered CBT compared with standard treatment for reducing alcohol use.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA 3-arm randomized clinical trial was conducted at outpatient substance use treatment facilities in Connecticut between February 14, 2017, and December 31, 2021, that included an 8-week treatment period with a 6-month follow-up period. Treatment-seeking adults were included who met criteria for current alcohol use disorder and reported drinking at least 14 (men) or 7 (women) drinks per week in the past month and were sufficiently stable for outpatient treatment.InterventionsParticipants were randomly assigned to 1 of the following groups: (1) treatment as usual (TAU) consisting of weekly group or individual counseling, (2) CBT delivered weekly by trained and fidelity-monitored clinicians, or (3) web-based CBT plus brief weekly clinical monitoring.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRates of alcohol use were measured weekly during the treatment period and at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up using the timeline follow-back method. The primary outcome was the percentage of days abstinent (PDA) from alcohol per month. Intention-to-treat analyses were conducted.ResultsOf the 99 randomized participants (mean [SD] age, 45.5 [12.7]), 66 were male (66.7%); 39 identified as Black/African American (39.8%), 19 (19.2%) as Hispanic, and 47 (48.0%) as White. Mean (SD) rates of PDA from baseline to 6-month follow-up were 49.3% (27.8%) to 69.6% (34.4%) for TAU; 53.7% (29.8%) to 70.2% (35.1%) for CBT; and 47.6% (31.8%) to 82.6% (25.3%) for digital CBT. Results of random-effects regression showed a significant increase in PDA during the study period, with those assigned to digital CBT increasing PDA at a faster rate than TAU (t733 = 2.55; P = .01) and CBT (t733 = 3.36; P &amp;lt; .001). However, there was no statistically significant difference between treatment groups during the 8-week treatment period.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, while there was no significant difference between treatment groups during the 8-week treatment period, there was differential change between treatments during the 8-month study period that provides support for the efficacy of this digital CBT program.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02742246
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Hinrichsen, Gregory, and Rosanne Leipzig. "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Geriatric Primary Care." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (2021): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1086.
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Abstract Insomnia is common in older adults and may have adverse cognitive, emotional, and physical consequences. Some older people are prescribed sleep medications for insomnia despite longstanding concerns about their use with older people (i.e., BEERS criteria). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) is highly effective in the treatment for insomnia in adults and older adults. However, most studies of CBT-I in late life have been conducted with individuals younger than 70. This paper discusses four years of experience of providing CBT-I to older people in geriatric primary care, two-thirds of whom were older than 75 years of age. Among the subgroup of 29 individuals who completed a full course of CBT-I, almost all of those who had been on sleep medications discontinued them. Treatment outcomes were large and clinically meaningful. This paper will also describe our experience in providing CBT-I via telehealth because of the COVID pandemic.
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Strodl, Esben, and Joel Yang. "Motivational Interviewing Enhances Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 35, no. 2 (2021): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jcpsy-d-20-00025.
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This pilot study tested whether the addition of motivational interviewing (MI) prior to group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety may improve the effectiveness of the treatment. Prior to group CBT, 40 individuals with a principal diagnosis of an anxiety disorder (40% panic disorder, 25% generalized anxiety disorder, 22.5% social phobia, and 12.5% others) were randomly assigned to receive either three individual sessions of MI or were assigned to a control group that did not receive MI. The pretreatment MI group, compared to the control group, experienced significantly greater reduction in anxiety symptoms post-CBT. These results suggest that brief MI pretreatment enhances the efficacy of CBT on anxiety. A combination of MI and CBT may be particularly promising for the treatment of anxiety, with MI directed at increasing motivation and commitment to change, and CBT directed at helping the client achieve the desired changes.
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Rehm, Imogen C., Jennifer Stargatt, Aaron T. Willison, Maree P. Reser, and Sunil S. Bhar. "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Older Adults With Anxiety and Cognitive Impairment: Adaptations and Illustrative Case Study." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 31, no. 1 (2017): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.31.1.72.
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Anxiety is a prevalent condition in older adults with neurocognitive disorders such as dementia. Interventions based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) appear to be an emerging area of treatment innovation for treating anxiety in older adults with cognitive impairment. Drawing on the empirical literature on CBT for late-life anxiety and recent trials of CBT for anxiety in persons with mild-to-moderate dementia, this article provides an overview of the customization of CBT to the needs of older adults with anxiety and cognitive impairment. Adaptations for assessment, case conceptualization, socialization, therapeutic alliance, and treatment strategies are discussed. A case study to illustrate implementation of these adaptations is presented. Limitations to the current state of the literature on the efficacy and feasibility of CBT for anxiety in older adults with cognitive impairment are identified, and future directions for treatment research are proposed.
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Tisnasari, Ida Ayu Made Ari Santi, Tuti Nuraini, and Yati Afiyanti. "Penerapan Cognitive Behaviour Therapy pada Pasien Kanker." Journal of Telenursing (JOTING) 4, no. 1 (2022): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/joting.v4i1.3429.
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This study aims to analyze the use of CBT in the treatment of cancer patients. The method used is a systematic review of articles obtained from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springerlink and Sage Journal databases. The results showed that CBT helped overcome several problems experienced by cancer patients, such as depression, anxiety, fatigue, insomnia, fear of cancer recurrence, pain, self-efficacy problems and sexual function of cancer patients. In conclusion, CBT can be applied in the treatment of cancer patients through several approaches, such as Mindfulness Therapy (MiCBT), Group CBT, Internet-based CBT (I-CBT), video-integrated CBT (VCBT-I) and commonly practiced professional CBT.
 Keywords: Cancer Patients, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
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A., I. Melehin. "Cognitive behavioral tactics of examination and treatment tinnitus." Neurodynamics. Journal of clinical psychology and psychiatry 2, no. 2 (2020): 27–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3930211.
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The article focuses on the fact that tinnitus should be considered as a biopsychosocial disorder due to the high predisposition of patients to mental disorders (anxiety spectrum disorders, depression, borderline personality disorder) and lack of skills to overcome stress. The spectrum of personal characteristics of patients with tinnitus is described. Individual psychological predisposition to the development of refractory tinnitus is detailed. Maladaptive cognitive behavioral patterns in a patient with tinnitus are systematized. The «express» and full form of psychological assessment of a patient with tinnitus is presented. The model of tolerance to tinnitus by R. Hallam, the cognitive model of tinnitus by L. Makenna, and the avoidance of fear in tinnitus by J. Veena, S. Linton allowed to describe the target of cognitive behavioral therapy of tinnitus (CBT-T). The specificity and effectiveness of the «second» and «third» wave CBT-T is shown.
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Grambal, A., P. Hluštík, and J. Praško. "Treatment effect of cognitive behavioral psychotherapy in panic disorder - fmri study." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71866-1.
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IntroductionThe aim of our study was the correlation of regional brain activity with intensity of psychopathology and the correlation of treatment effect of CBT in patients suffering from panic disorder.MethodFive patients suffering from panic disorder and five healthy controls were studied in fMRI during the exposition of threat-related words compared with neutral words and emotional faces compared with fixation points. Inpatients were treated with CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) and existing pharmacotherapy for 6 weeks. Patients were studied in fMRI scanner before and after the treatment. Psychopathology was assessed using Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), The Clinical Global Impression rating scales (CGI), Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES). Data were analyzed using software for functional magnetic analysis (AFNI) and compared with psychopathology rating scales.ResultsHyperactivity of cerebellum in patient treated with CBT compared with healthy controls was observed after activation by anxiety words and faces. The scores of psychopathology rating scales decreased in patient treated with CBT and correlates with decrease of hyperactivity in cerebellum.ConclusionChanges of brain activity in fMRI after the CBT treatment were observed in patient suffering from panic disorder. Threat-related words and emotional faces showed cerebellum hyperactivity in patients compared with healthy controls. Decrease of cerebellum hyperactivity was observed after treatment with CBT, compared with healthy controls. Predictor of therapeutic response in fMRI was not find. Cerebellum play an important role in panic disorder.Supported with project IGA NS 10301-3/2009
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Mirchandaney, Riya, Raul Barete, and Lauren D. Asarnow. "Moderators of Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Insomnia on Depression and Anxiety Outcomes." Current Psychiatry Reports 24, no. 2 (2022): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11920-022-01326-3.
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Abstract Purpose of Review With a focus on reviewing adequately powered randomized controlled trials, we present recent research on the potential of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) to improve depression and anxiety outcomes among patients with insomnia and one of the following comorbid psychiatric disorders: major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We also examine potential moderators of CBT-I on depression and anxiety outcomes in this population. Recent Findings Despite high comorbidity rates, current behavioral and pharmacological treatments for MDD, GAD, and PTSD do not substantially target or improve insomnia symptoms; residual insomnia is exceedingly common even among patients who experience remission. Insomnia plays a critical role in the onset and maintenance of depression and anxiety, and treating insomnia with CBT-I may improve global outcomes for patients with MDD, GAD, and PTSD. Summary CBT-I is superior to traditional depression/anxiety treatment in improving insomnia symptoms among patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders. Results are mixed on whether CBT-I (either alone or augmented with depression/anxiety treatment) is effective in improving overall MDD, GAD, and PTSD outcomes. Evening circadian preference and depression/anxiety symptom severity may moderate the effect of CBT-I on depression and anxiety outcomes.
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Berkhof, Maureen, Elisabeth van der Stouwe, Bart Lestestuiver, et al. "M36. VIRTUAL REALITY COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR PARANOID DELUSIONS." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (2020): S148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.348.
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Abstract Background Seventy percent of patients with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders has paranoid delusions. Paranoid delusions are associated with great distress, hospital admission and social isolation. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the main psychological treatment, but the median effect size is only small to medium. Virtual reality (VR) has a great potential to improve psychological treatment of paranoid delusions. In a previous study, we found that VR based CBT (VRcbt) for paranoid delusions is effective compared to waiting list. As a next step, a direct comparison with standard CBT is needed. The aim of this project is to investigate if VRcbt is more (cost-)effective than standard CBT for treatment of paranoid delusions and improving daily life social functioning of patients with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. Three research questions will be addressed: 1. Does VRcbt lead to better clinical and social outcomes? 2. Are fewer treatment sessions needed to achieve meaningful clinical change? 3. Is VRcbt more cost-effective at 6 months follow-up? Methods A total of 106 patients with DSM-5 diagnosis of psychotic disorder and at least moderate level of paranoid ideations will be randomized to either VRcbt or standard CBT treatment for paranoid delusions. VRcbt consists of maximum 16 sessions in virtual social situations that trigger paranoid ideations and distress, delivered in an 8–12 week time frame. Standard CBT also consists of maximum 16 sessions, aiming at reappraisal of the meaning of paranoid beliefs to reduce distress and improve coping in daily life, including the use of exposure and behavioral experiments. Participants will be interviewed and tested at baseline, post-treatment and at six months follow-up. Primary outcome is level of paranoid ideations in daily life social situations, measured with ecological momentary assessments (EMA) at semi-random moments ten times a day during seven days, before and after treatment. Every session, participants and therapists will rate level of paranoid ideation and global clinical impression. Results Seven mental health services throughout the Netherlands participate in this RCT. Up until now, fourteen psychologists have been trained in VRcbt and the first patients have been included in the trial. Discussion Comparison of VRcbt and cbt will provide information about the relative (cost-)effectiveness of VRcbt for this population. VRcbt may become the preferred psychological treatment for paranoid delusions and social anxiety in patients with psychotic disorder.