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1
Congresso italiano di sistemica (2nd 2001 Trento, Italy). Emergence in complex, cognitive, social, and biological systems. Kluwer Academic/Plenum, 2002.
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Goertzel, Ben. From complexity to creativity: Explorations in evolutionary, autopoietic, and cognitive dynamics. Plenum Press, 1997.
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Kampis, George. Self-modifying systems in biology and cognitive science: A new framework for dynamics, information, and complexity. Pergamon Press, 1991.
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Carsetti, Arturo. Epistemic Complexity and Knowledge Construction: Morphogenesis, symbolic dynamics and beyond. Springer Netherlands, 2013.
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Drift into failure: From hunting broken components to understanding complex systems. Ashgate, 2010.
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Goertzel, Ben. Chaotic logic: Language, thought, and reality from the perspective of complex systems science. Plenum Press, 1994.
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Simplexity: Simplifying principles for a complex world. Yale University Press, 2012.
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Han, The Anh. Intention Recognition, Commitment and Their Roles in the Evolution of Cooperation: From Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Evolutionary Game Theory Models. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.
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Goertzel, Ben. From Complexity to Creativity: Explorations in Evolutionary, Autopoietic, and Cognitive Dynamics. Springer, 2014.
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11
(Editor), Jan Elen, and Richard E. Clark (Editor), eds. Handling Complexity in Learning Environments: Theory and Research (Advances in Learning and Instruction). Elsevier Science, 2006.
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Smith, John. Qualitative Complexity: Ecology, Cognitive Processes and the Re-Emergence of Structures in Post-Humanist Social Theory (International Library of Sociology). Routledge, 2007.
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Smith, John, and Chris Jenks. Qualitative Complexity: Ecology, Cognitive Processes and the Re-Emergence of Structures in Post-Humanist Social Theory (International Library of Sociology). Routledge, 2006.
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King, Patricia M., and Karen Strohm Kitchener. Cognitive Development in the Emerging Adult. Edited by Jeffrey Jensen Arnett. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199795574.013.14.
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This chapter examines cognitive development in emerging adulthood by focusing on two concepts: cognitive complexity and development. More specifically, it explores how complex cognitive abilities enable emerging adults to better cope with the demands of adult life through the aid of complex thinking that results from cognitive development. To understand cognitive development, the chapter first outlines several conditions that make a cognitive change developmental in nature. It then discusses three cognitive processes, namely, cognition, metacognition, and epistemic cognition, with emphasis on the theory and research related to each. In addition, it considers age-related issues of cognitive development. William G. Perry Jr.’s seminal work on students’ intellectual and ethical development in the college years is also examined, together with the concepts of self-evolution and self-authorship. Finally, the chapter discusses the dynamic development theory developed by Fischer et al. and its implications for understanding epistemic development.
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Goertzel, Ben. Chaotic Logic: Language, Thought, and Reality from the Perspective of Complex Systems Science. Springer, 2013.
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Rehding, Alexander, and Steven Rings, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Critical Concepts in Music Theory. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190454746.001.0001.
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Music Theory operates with a host of technical terms for concepts that appear straightforward but that conceal layers of complexity. This collection uncovers some of the richness and intricacy of these terms. Using a range of methods, from philosophical and historical contextualizations to cognitive and systematic approaches, and across a range of repertories, these essays aim to convey a fuller understanding of the terms music theorists employ every day in teaching and research. In so doing, the collection provides a panoramic view of the contemporary music-theoretical landscape, offering new perspectives on established concepts, seeking to expanding their purview to new repertories, and adding new concepts to the theorist’s toolkit. Taken as a whole, the concepts collected in this volume spotlight some of the guiding questions of music theory as it is currently practiced in the English-speaking world; they seek to broaden its foundational conversations to underline the ways in which music theory itself is evolving.
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Han, The Anh. Intention Recognition, Commitment and Their Roles in the Evolution of Cooperation: From Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Evolutionary Game Theory ... Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics). Springer, 2015.
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20
Ehresmann, Andrée. Applications of Categories to Biology and Cognition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748991.003.0015.
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Mathematical models used in biology are generally adapted from physics and relate to specific local processes. Category theory helps developing global dynamic models account for the main specificities of living systems: (i) The system is evolutionary, with a tangled hierarchy of interacting components, which change over time. (ii) It develops a robust and flexible memory up to the emergence of components and processes of increasing complexity. (iii) It has a multi-agent, multi-temporality, self-organization. This chapter presents such a model, the Memory Evolutive Systems, which in particular characterizes the property at the root of emergence and flexibility. A main application is the model MENS for a neurocognitive system which proposes a physically based “theory of mind”, up to the emergence of higher cognitive processes such as consciousness, anticipation, and creativity.
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Kretzschmar, William A. Language and Complex Systems. Cambridge University Press, 2015.
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Shagrir, Oron. Advertisement for the Philosophy of the Computational Sciences. Edited by Paul Humphreys. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199368815.013.3.
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This chapter deals with those fields that study computing systems. Among these computational sciences are computer science, computational cognitive science, computational neuroscience, and artificial intelligence. In the first part of the chapter, it is shown that there are varieties of computation, such as human computation, algorithmic machine computation, and physical computation. There are even varieties of versions of the Church-Turing thesis. The conclusion is that different computational sciences are often about different kinds of computation. The second part of the chapter discusses three specific philosophical issues. One is whether computers are natural kinds. Another issue is the nature of computational theories and explanations. The last section of the chapter relates remarkable results in computational complexity theory to problems of verification and confirmation.
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Milliken, Christopher, Ehsan Nikbakht, and Andrew Spieler. Traditional Asset Allocation Securities. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190269999.003.0020.
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Asset allocation models have evolved in complexity with the development of modern portfolio theory, but they continue to operate under the assumption of investor rationality and other assumptions that do not hold in the real world. For this reason, academics and industry professionals make efforts to understand the behavioral biases of decision makers and the implications these biases have on asset allocation strategies. This chapter reviews the building blocks of asset allocation, involving stocks, bonds, real estate, and cash. It also examines the history and theory behind two of the most popular portfolio management strategies: mean-variance optimization and the Black-Litterman Model. Finally, the chapter examines five common behavioral biases that have direct implications for asset allocation: familiarity, status quo, framing, mental accounting, and overconfidence. Each behavioral bias discussion contains examples, warning signs, and steps to correct the emotional or cognitive errors in decision making.
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Herridge, Margaret S., and Jill I. Cameron. Models of Rehabilitative Care after Critical Illness. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0050.
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Critical illness is transformative. Patients and caregivers are traumatized and acquire new mood disorders and disability. These are costly and consequential. Knowledge of current rehabilitation theory may help to inform emerging models of care for our critically ill patients and families. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) model is presented as a candidate construct for patients and families after critical illness. It highlights the complexity and interdependence of factors that determine outcome and incorporates multiple facets of the individual experience. ICF may facilitate the development of a novel framework of aetiologically neutral clinical phenotypes with distinct recovery trajectories after critical illness. This informs tailored interventions for distinct patient and family groupings, independent of initial diagnostic groups, and acknowledges the similar themes of ICUAW, cognitive dysfunction, and mood disorders following complex critical illness.
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Roychoudhury, Suparna. Phantasmatic Shakespeare. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501726552.001.0001.
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The book argues that Shakespeare’s representations of imagination—the many hallucinations, illusions, and dreams in his works—draw their complexity from the interdiscursive confrontations between early modern faculty psychology and the history of science. During the Renaissance, imagination (also called the fantasy or fancy) was understood as a faculty of the soul, that which creates the phantasms or images needed by the mind to perceive, reason, and recall. The book explores how this psychology of imagination, developed by ancient and medieval philosophers, was disrupted in the sixteenth century by developments in proto-scientific fields such as anatomy, medicine, mathematics, and natural history. Guided by Shakespeare’s plays and poems, different chapters consider different aspects of imagination destabilized during this time—its place in the brain; its legitimacy as a form of knowledge; its pathologies; its relation to matter, light, and nature. In giving aesthetic expression to the epistemological problems surrounding the idea of imagination, Shakespeare made this element of cognitive theory the property of literary art.
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Borgo, David. The Ghost in the Music, or the Perspective of an Improvising Ant. Edited by George E. Lewis and Benjamin Piekut. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195370935.013.005.
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One of the particular joys of improvising music together is not knowing precisely the relationship between one’s own actions and thoughts (one has to surprise oneself, after all) or between one’s actions and those of other improvisers (did you do that because I did that? Or did I do that because you did that?). Drawing on research in social psychology, actor-network theory, and the extended mind thesis in cognitive science, this chapter argues that one’s experience of musical “authorship” can be enhanced or undermined rather easily by social, material, and technological forms of agency in the environment. It concludes that musical improvisation offers simultaneously a situated practice for exploring interagency—and thereby exorcising the humanistic ghost of a “self-luminous” will—and the possibility of creating some provisional closure, some fleeting reduction of complexity, in a world increasingly characterized by relentless machinic heterogenesis.
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Price, Julie R., Alric D. Hawkins, Michael L. Adams, William S. Breitbart, and Steven D. Passik. Psychological and psychiatric interventions in pain control. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0911.
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Pain is a common problem in populations with advanced illness and has been best characterized in those with cancer or AIDS. Despite the high prevalence of pain in populations with advanced illness, there is evidence that pain is frequently under-diagnosed and inadequately treated. Undertreatment has multiple causes, one of which is the complex presentation of pain in these populations. Pain is not a purely physical experience, but involves many aspects of human functioning, including personality, affect, cognition, behaviour, and social relations. This complexity is best managed using a multimodality approach, including psychiatric and psychological interventions. These interventions may be psychotherapeutic, cognitive behavioural, or psychopharmacologic.
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Jarjour, Tala. Emotion and the Economy of Aesthetics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190635251.003.0001.
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This chapter sets forth the theoretical and epistemological frame for the book and the themes it integrates. The chapter introduces the main issues at stake in Sense and Sadness, be they intellectual, historical, political, geographic, temporal, methodological, or disciplinary. Its holistic contextualization is essential in order to understand the Suryani music experience as this book explains it: an emotional-cognitive aesthesis. The chapter explains the economy of emotion and aesthetics, proposed here as a new interpretive and analytical concept for a suggested connection between two main problems in music studies, namely mode and emotion. It thus offers theoretical frameworks for connecting mode and emotion through their mutual relation to the aesthetic. While maintaining emphasis on music modality and human emotionality in explaining Syriac chant music, the chapter draws on the cognitive capacities of metaphor and imagination, and addresses issues of liminality as positionality, dynamic method, and musical and contextual complexity.
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Moss-Wellington, Wyatt. Narrative Humanism. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474454315.001.0001.
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How can stories function as expressions of kindness to others, and how might the narratives we live by then affect our behaviour in the world? Is there such a thing as a ‘humanistic drama’? This book attempts to clarify the narrative conditions of humanism, asking how we can use stories to complicate our understanding of others, and questioning the ethics and efficacy of attempts to represent human social complexity in fiction. With case studies of films like Parenthood (1989), Junebug (2005), Little Miss Sunshine (2006) and The Kids Are All Right (2010), this original study synthesises leading discourses on media and cognition, evolutionary anthropology, literature and film analysis into a new theory of the storytelling instinct.
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Agar, Meera, and Jane L. Phillips. Palliative medicine and care of the elderly. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0163.
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Palliative care in the older person occurs in the context of chronic disease and multimorbidity. Coexisting conditions include musculoskeletal, psychiatric, cognitive, and chronic pain-related problems, each associated with substantive symptomatology and disability. Most crucial is to avoid management within disease ‘silos’ and the risks associated with polypharmacy, which both contribute to adverse outcomes. The complexity of older people’s care demands the formation of a collaborative partnership between primary care, geriatric, and palliative care services, together with other health-care providers in accordance with need. The caregiver of the older person warrants specific mention, often an older spouse with their own medical problems or an adult child juggling other life and work commitments. Planning for care in advance is crucial to avoid decisions being made in crisis, and is particularly crucial if cognitive decline is predicted. Physiological changes, and the frequency of falls, frailty, depression, and delirium are important when planning care and prescribing.
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Bhagat, Rabi S. Global Mindset and the Global Organization. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190241490.003.0008.
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Global organizations must make continuous attempts to move and develop the mindsets of senior managers and others involved in global transactions from parochial and diffused ways of thinking to a global mindset. This chapter provides examples of organizations that encountered difficulty in expanding globally because they did not attempt to understand the importance of a global mindset in developing their global strategies and the various modes of expansion on a worldwide scale. The factors that develop a global mindset are discussed with special emphasis on the role of cognitive complexity, nonjudgmental thinking, and emphasis on universalistic versus particularistic modes of decision-making. The role of supportive networks of family and friends in the development of a global mindset is also presented. The chapter ends by presenting a discussion of how organizations can emphasize the paths of moving to a global mindset from a predominantly domestic one.
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Diamond, Pamela M. Traumatic brain injury. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0053.
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During the past decade, traumatic brain injury (TBI) has become a frequent topic in the media. It has been a decade of expanding awareness, increased research, and growing concern about TBI of all severity levels. Consistent with this increased attention, researchers and policymakers have made strides toward greater understanding of the risks of TBI, the scope and complexity of the symptom profiles seen after TBI, and the types of treatments that optimize recovery. Recent studies have confirmed a 50 to 60% prevalence of TBI among prisoners. Most have experienced multiple injuries and experienced their first TBI in their mid-teens. Routine screening for TBI is rarely done in these settings in spite of there being a number of tested instruments available. The cognitive deficits associated with mild to moderate TBI are often indistinguishable from those associated with many mental illnesses and substance abuse. Etiology is difficult to establish; nevertheless, the common symptom patterns often make adjustment to jail or prison difficult. Educational interventions designed to improve staff knowledge of the prevalence of TBI and frequent symptom patterns are important first steps. Training staff how to modify their behavior and facilitate communication with inmates expressing these symptoms may reduce episodes of misunderstanding and potential aggression. Similarly, current programming may be modified to accommodate the cognitive deficits suffered by inmates with TBI as well as other disorders. This chapter reviews the prevalence of TBI in correctional settings, its impact on co-occurring mental illness and substance use, and opportunities to recognize, intervene, and treat patients with TBI.
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Kuenzler, Adrian. Making Behavioralism Work. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190698577.003.0004.
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This chapter turns to the restoration of consumer sovereignty. It revisits the three recurrent principles set out in Chapter 1 and argues that antitrust and intellectual property laws must understand consumers in their full socially embedded complexity to promote progress. Only in this way can analysts respect, rather than suppress, consumer preferences that evince concern for less proprietary forms of production and distribution in a marketplace which is heavily fixated on consumerism and passive consumption. It points to a number of ingenious recent studies from the cognitive psychological research that demonstrate that revealed preferences and external incentives have been offered as bright line rules for directing the consumer’s attention primarily (and exclusively) to conventional manufacturing and distribution techniques, but that such physical and economic processes scarcely exhaust the universe of choices about which consumers express strong interest.
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Berliner, Todd. The Hollywood Aesthetic. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190658748.003.0001.
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Chapter 1 explains Hollywood’s general principles for creating aesthetic pleasure for mass audiences. The chapter introduces the book’s two main theses: (1) Hollywood cinema targets an area, between boredom and confusion, that is optimally pleasing for mass audiences. It seeks to offer enough cognitive challenge to sustain aesthetic interest but not so much that it would jeopardize a film’s hedonic value or cause average spectators to give up the search for understanding. (2) Many of the Hollywood films that offer exhilarating aesthetic experiences beyond a single encounter and over extended periods operate near the boundaries of classicism, veering into areas of novelty and complexity that more typical Hollywood films avoid; however, they do so without sacrificing a mass audience’s ability to cope with the challenge. Such films take risks, and exhilarated pleasure results when they seem on the verge of overburdening or displeasing spectators in some bold and extraordinary way.
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Zimmerman, Aaron Z. Defining the Nature of Belief. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809517.003.0001.
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The author offers a pragmatist definition of belief. To believe something at a given time is to be so disposed that you would use that information to guide those relatively attentive and self-controlled activities you might engage in at that time, whether these activities involve bodily movement or not. This definition is then unpacked and applied to examples. The analysis is relatively straightforward when applied to assertions, but the pragmatists insisted that our beliefs are manifested in a wide variety of non-discursive behaviors, many of which involve the dissociation of attention from control within the execution of a task. Neuroscientist M. Jeannerod’s experiments reveal this complexity. The author argues that these experiments complicate matters, but they do not support “will scepticism.” Contemporary cognitive neuroscience is compatible with a number of different analyses of belief, but it meshes at least as nicely with Bain’s pragmatic conception as any other.
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Meade, Michelle L., Celia B. Harris, Penny Van Bergen, John Sutton, and Amanda J. Barnier, eds. Collaborative Remembering. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198737865.001.0001.
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Much information in our lives is remembered in a social context, as we often reminisce about shared experiences with others, and more generally remember in the social context of our communities and our cultures. Memory researchers across disciplines and subdisciplines are actively exploring collaborative remembering. However, despite this common interest and growing research area, there is currently relatively little crosstalk between perspectives. This is at least partly due to differences in the assumptions, methodologies, and conclusions that guide different approaches, and which can make it difficult to synthesize and compare methods and findings. The primary purpose of this book is to feature outstanding recent work on collaborative remembering across several fields and subfields (including developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, social psychology, discourse processing, philosophy, neuropsychology, design, and media studies), to highlight the points of overlap and contrast, and to initiate conversations and debate both within and across the various perspectives. Toward that end, we present a comprehensive and field-defining set of chapters that illustrate the many different perspectives of collaborative memory research, and demonstrate the nuance and complexity of collaborative remembering within and across research traditions.
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Nowak, Dariusz, ed. Production–operation management. The chosen aspects. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/978-83-8211-059-3.
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The aim of the e-book is to present the theoretical, cognitive and practical aspects of the essence and complexity of operational management in a production company. The presented modern production methods together with the challenges and problems of contemporary enterprises should better help to understand the issues of sustainable development, with particular emphasis on waste. The book consists of six chapters devoted to relevant and topic issues relating to the core business of an industrial enterprise. Chapter 1 The nature of the industrial enterprise is an introduction to further considerations and deals with the essence of the basic aspects of the company. Both popular and less known definitions of an enterprise, its features, functions and principles of operation are presented. An important part of the chapter is the presentation and formulation of strategic, tactical and operational goals. Moreover, the division of enterprises is presented with the use of various criteria and the features of the industrial market, which make it distinct. Chapter 2 The operational management evolution and its role in the industrial enterprise discusses the evolution and concept of production and operational management. The management levels were also presented, indicating their most important functions. An integral part of the chapter is the essence of the production system, viewed through the prism of the five elements. Chapter 3 Functions and role in operations management presents the issues concerning the organization of production processes, production capacity and inventory management. This part also presents considerations on cooperation and collaboration between enterprises in the process of creating value. Chapter 4 Traditional methods used in operational activities focuses on methods such as benchmarking, outsourcing, core competences, JIT, MPR I and MRP II, as well as TQM and kaizen. Knowledge of these methods should contribute to understanding the activities of modern enterprises, the way of company functioning, the realization of production activities, as well as aspects related to building a competitive position. Chapter 5 Modern methods used in production-operations management discusses the less common and less frequently used production methods, based on a modern and innovative approach. In particular, it was focused on: Shop Floor Control and cooperative manufacturing, environment-conscious manufacturing (ECM) and life-cycle assessment ( LCA), waste management and recycling, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), virtual enterprise, World Class Manufacturing (WCM), Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and House of Quality (HOQ), theory of constraints (TOC), Drum Buffer Rope (DBR), group technology (GT) and cellular manufacturing (CM), Demand Chain Management and competitive intelligence (CI). In the last section discusses: the role of sustainable statistical process control and Computer-Aided Process Planning in context formatting of information management. Chapter 6 Problems of sustainable development and challenges related to production and operations management describes the problem and challenges related to production and operations activities. In particular, attention was paid to the threats related to changes in global warming, the growing scale of waste, or the processes of globalization. It was pointed out that the emerging problem may be both a threat and a chance for the development of enterprises. An integral part of the chapter are also considerations on technical progress, innovation and the importance of human capital in operational activities.
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Shapiro, Lisa, ed. Pleasure: A History. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190225100.001.0001.
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This book challenges received views about pleasures as principally motivating of action, themselves unanalyzable, caused, rather than responsive to reasons, and perhaps because of that, antithetical to rationality by looking to the history of philosophical accounts of pleasure. The book begins by showing how Plato, Aristotle, early Islamic philosophers, and philosophers in the medieval Latin tradition, such as Aquinas, honed in on the challenge unifying the variety of pleasures so that they fall under one concept. In the early modern period, philosophers shift from understanding the logic of pleasure to treating pleasure as a mental state. As the studies of Malebranche, Berkeley, and Kant show, the central problem becomes understanding the relation of pleasure to other sensory experiences and so the role of pleasure in human cognition and knowledge. The Reflections, on visual representations in seventeenth-century classrooms and the difficult music of composers like Bach, demonstrate translation of these concerns to cultural production in the period. As the essay on Mill demonstrates, the nineteenth-century development of scientific psychology narrows the definition of pleasure, and so the philosophical focus. Contemporary accounts of pleasure, in both philosophy and psychology, are now recognizing the limitations of this narrow focus, and once again recognizing the complexity of pleasure and so of its role in human life.
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Luxon, Linda. Vertigo and imbalance. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0325.
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The mechanism for maintaining balance in man is complex. Vision, proprioception, and vestibular inputs are integrated in the central nervous system, and modulated by activity from the cerebellum, the extrapyramidal system, the reticular formation, and the cortex. This integrated, modulated information provides one mechanism for control of oculomotor activity, controls posture, gait, and motor skills and allows perception of the head and body in space. Recent evidence also supports an effect upon autonomic function, cognition, and emotion. The complexity of the system is such that pathology in a variety of different bodily systems, including the endocrine system, the cardiovascular system, and the haemopoietic system, can impact upon vestibular activity, in addition to primary otological and neurological pathology.Patients with dysfunction in the vestibular end-organs or vestibular pathways commonly complain of symptoms of dizziness, vertigo, unsteadiness, light-headedness, imbalance, and a plethora of synonyms associated with a sense of instability. Not infrequently, in an attempt to define their ‘unphysiological’ experience, patients use rather vague and imprecise semantics. The clinical distinction between dizziness, a symptom of non-specific pathological significance, and vertigo, a hallucination or illusion of movement, is rarely made, although the latter is a cardinal manifestation of a disorder of the vestibular system (Dix 1973). Ten to 20 per cent of all ‘dizzy’ patients are reportedly seen in neurology clinics (Dieterish 2004), therefore it behoves the neurologist to have a clear diagnostic strategy, including knowledge of detailed neuro-otological examination, to enable appropriate diagnosis and management of the patient with vestibular symptoms.