Dissertations / Theses: 'Cognitive Computing'

1

Püschel, Georg, and Frank J. Furrer. "Cognitive Computing: Collected Papers." Technische Universität Dresden, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28990.

Full text

Abstract:

Cognitive Computing' has initiated a new era in computer science. Cognitive computers are not rigidly programmed computers anymore, but they learn from their interactions with humans, from the environment and from information. They are thus able to perform amazing tasks on their own, such as driving a car in dense traffic, piloting an aircraft in difficult conditions, taking complex financial investment decisions, analysing medical-imaging data, and assist medical doctors in diagnosis and therapy. Cognitive computing is based on artificial intelligence, image processing, pattern recognition, robotics, adaptive software, networks and other modern computer science areas, but also includes sensors and actuators to interact with the physical world. Cognitive computers – also called 'intelligent machines' – are emulating the human cognitive, mental and intellectual capabilities. They aim to do for human mental power (the ability to use our brain in understanding and influencing our physical and information environment) what the steam engine and combustion motor did for muscle power. We can expect a massive impact of cognitive computing on life and work. Many modern complex infrastructures, such as the electricity distribution grid, railway networks, the road traffic structure, information analysis (big data), the health care system, and many more will rely on intelligent decisions taken by cognitive computers. A drawback of cognitive computers will be a shift in employment opportunities: A raising number of tasks will be taken over by intelligent machines, thus erasing entire job categories (such as cashiers, mail clerks, call and customer assistance centres, taxi and bus drivers, pilots, grid operators, air traffic controllers, …). A possibly dangerous risk of cognitive computing is the threat by “super intelligent machines” to mankind. As soon as they are sufficiently intelligent, deeply networked and have access to the physical world they may endanger many areas of human supremacy, even possibly eliminate humans. Cognitive computing technology is based on new software architectures – the “cognitive computing architectures”. Cognitive architectures enable the development of systems that exhibit intelligent behaviour.:Introduction 5 1. Applying the Subsumption Architecture to the Genesis Story Understanding System – A Notion and Nexus of Cognition Hypotheses (Felix Mai) 9 2. Benefits and Drawbacks of Hardware Architectures Developed Specifically for Cognitive Computing (Philipp Schröppe)l 19 3. Language Workbench Technology For Cognitive Systems (Tobias Nett) 29 4. Networked Brain-based Architectures for more Efficient Learning (Tyler Butler) 41 5. Developing Better Pharmaceuticals – Using the Virtual Physiological Human (Ben Blau) 51 6. Management of existential Risks of Applications leveraged through Cognitive Computing (Robert Richter) 61

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Peniak, Martin. "GPU computing for cognitive robotics." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3052.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis presents the first investigation of the impact of GPU computing on cognitive robotics by providing a series of novel experiments in the area of action and language acquisition in humanoid robots and computer vision. Cognitive robotics is concerned with endowing robots with high-level cognitive capabilities to enable the achievement of complex goals in complex environments. Reaching the ultimate goal of developing cognitive robots will require tremendous amounts of computational power, which was until recently provided mostly by standard CPU processors. CPU cores are optimised for serial code execution at the expense of parallel execution, which renders them relatively inefficient when it comes to high-performance computing applications. The ever-increasing market demand for high-performance, real-time 3D graphics has evolved the GPU into a highly parallel, multithreaded, many-core processor extraordinary computational power and very high memory bandwidth. These vast computational resources of modern GPUs can now be used by the most of the cognitive robotics models as they tend to be inherently parallel. Various interesting and insightful cognitive models were developed and addressed important scientific questions concerning action-language acquisition and computer vision. While they have provided us with important scientific insights, their complexity and application has not improved much over the last years. The experimental tasks as well as the scale of these models are often minimised to avoid excessive training times that grow exponentially with the number of neurons and the training data. This impedes further progress and development of complex neurocontrollers that would be able to take the cognitive robotics research a step closer to reaching the ultimate goal of creating intelligent machines. This thesis presents several cases where the application of the GPU computing on cognitive robotics algorithms resulted in the development of large-scale neurocontrollers of previously unseen complexity enabling the conducting of the novel experiments described herein.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Riera, Villanueva Marc. "Low-power accelerators for cognitive computing." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669828.

Full text

Abstract:

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved tremendous success for cognitive applications, and are especially efficient in classification and decision making problems such as speech recognition or machine translation. Mobile and embedded devices increasingly rely on DNNs to understand the world. Smartphones, smartwatches and cars perform discriminative tasks, such as face or object recognition, on a daily basis. Despite the increasing popularity of DNNs, running them on mobile and embedded systems comes with several main challenges: delivering high accuracy and performance with a small memory and energy budget. Modern DNN models consist of billions of parameters requiring huge computational and memory resources and, hence, they cannot be directly deployed on low-power systems with limited resources. The objective of this thesis is to address these issues and propose novel solutions in order to design highly efficient custom accelerators for DNN-based cognitive computing systems. In first place, we focus on optimizing the inference of DNNs for sequence processing applications. We perform an analysis of the input similarity between consecutive DNN executions. Then, based on the high degree of input similarity, we propose DISC, a hardware accelerator implementing a Differential Input Similarity Computation technique to reuse the computations of the previous execution, instead of computing the entire DNN. We observe that, on average, more than 60% of the inputs of any neural network layer tested exhibit negligible changes with respect to the previous execution. Avoiding the memory accesses and computations for these inputs results in 63% energy savings on average. In second place, we propose to further optimize the inference of FC-based DNNs. We first analyze the number of unique weights per input neuron of several DNNs. Exploiting common optimizations, such as linear quantization, we observe a very small number of unique weights per input for several FC layers of modern DNNs. Then, to improve the energy-efficiency of FC computation, we present CREW, a hardware accelerator that implements a Computation Reuse and an Efficient Weight Storage mechanism to exploit the large number of repeated weights in FC layers. CREW greatly reduces the number of multiplications and provides significant savings in model memory footprint and memory bandwidth usage. We evaluate CREW on a diverse set of modern DNNs. On average, CREW provides 2.61x speedup and 2.42x energy savings over a TPU-like accelerator. In third place, we propose a mechanism to optimize the inference of RNNs. RNN cells perform element-wise multiplications across the activations of different gates, sigmoid and tanh being the common activation functions. We perform an analysis of the activation function values, and show that a significant fraction are saturated towards zero or one in popular RNNs. Then, we propose CGPA to dynamically prune activations from RNNs at a coarse granularity. CGPA avoids the evaluation of entire neurons whenever the outputs of peer neurons are saturated. CGPA significantly reduces the amount of computations and memory accesses while avoiding sparsity by a large extent, and can be easily implemented on top of conventional accelerators such as TPU with negligible area overhead, resulting in 12% speedup and 12% energy savings on average for a set of widely used RNNs. Finally, in the last contribution of this thesis we focus on static DNN pruning methodologies. DNN pruning reduces memory footprint and computational work by removing connections and/or neurons that are ineffectual. However, we show that prior pruning schemes require an extremely time-consuming iterative process that requires retraining the DNN many times to tune the pruning parameters. Then, we propose a DNN pruning scheme based on Principal Component Analysis and relative importance of each neuron's connection that automatically finds the optimized DNN in one shot.
Les xarxes neuronals profundes (DNN) han aconseguit un èxit enorme en aplicacions cognitives, i són especialment eficients en problemes de classificació i presa de decisions com ara reconeixement de veu o traducció automàtica. Els dispositius mòbils depenen cada cop més de les DNNs per entendre el món. Els telèfons i rellotges intel·ligents, o fins i tot els cotxes, realitzen diàriament tasques discriminatòries com ara el reconeixement de rostres o objectes. Malgrat la popularitat creixent de les DNNs, el seu funcionament en sistemes mòbils presenta diversos reptes: proporcionar una alta precisió i rendiment amb un petit pressupost de memòria i energia. Les DNNs modernes consisteixen en milions de paràmetres que requereixen recursos computacionals i de memòria enormes i, per tant, no es poden utilitzar directament en sistemes de baixa potència amb recursos limitats. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és abordar aquests problemes i proposar noves solucions per tal de dissenyar acceleradors eficients per a sistemes de computació cognitiva basats en DNNs. En primer lloc, ens centrem en optimitzar la inferència de les DNNs per a aplicacions de processament de seqüències. Realitzem una anàlisi de la similitud de les entrades entre execucions consecutives de les DNNs. A continuació, proposem DISC, un accelerador que implementa una tècnica de càlcul diferencial, basat en l'alt grau de semblança de les entrades, per reutilitzar els càlculs de l'execució anterior, en lloc de computar tota la xarxa. Observem que, de mitjana, més del 60% de les entrades de qualsevol capa de les DNNs utilitzades presenten canvis menors respecte a l'execució anterior. Evitar els accessos de memòria i càlculs d'aquestes entrades comporta un estalvi d'energia del 63% de mitjana. En segon lloc, proposem optimitzar la inferència de les DNNs basades en capes FC. Primer analitzem el nombre de pesos únics per neurona d'entrada en diverses xarxes. Aprofitant optimitzacions comunes com la quantització lineal, observem un nombre molt reduït de pesos únics per entrada en diverses capes FC de DNNs modernes. A continuació, per millorar l'eficiència energètica del càlcul de les capes FC, presentem CREW, un accelerador que implementa un eficient mecanisme de reutilització de càlculs i emmagatzematge dels pesos. CREW redueix el nombre de multiplicacions i proporciona estalvis importants en l'ús de la memòria. Avaluem CREW en un conjunt divers de DNNs modernes. CREW proporciona, de mitjana, una millora en rendiment de 2,61x i un estalvi d'energia de 2,42x. En tercer lloc, proposem un mecanisme per optimitzar la inferència de les RNNs. Les cel·les de les xarxes recurrents realitzen multiplicacions element a element de les activacions de diferents comportes, sigmoides i tanh sent les funcions habituals d'activació. Realitzem una anàlisi dels valors de les funcions d'activació i mostrem que una fracció significativa està saturada cap a zero o un en un conjunto d'RNNs populars. A continuació, proposem CGPA per podar dinàmicament les activacions de les RNNs a una granularitat gruixuda. CGPA evita l'avaluació de neurones senceres cada vegada que les sortides de neurones parelles estan saturades. CGPA redueix significativament la quantitat de càlculs i accessos a la memòria, aconseguint en mitjana un 12% de millora en el rendiment i estalvi d'energia. Finalment, en l'última contribució d'aquesta tesi ens centrem en metodologies de poda estàtica de les DNNs. La poda redueix la petjada de memòria i el treball computacional mitjançant l'eliminació de connexions o neurones redundants. Tanmateix, mostrem que els esquemes de poda previs fan servir un procés iteratiu molt llarg que requereix l'entrenament de les DNNs moltes vegades per ajustar els paràmetres de poda. A continuació, proposem un esquema de poda basat en l'anàlisi de components principals i la importància relativa de les connexions de cada neurona que optimitza automàticament el DNN optimitzat en un sol tret sense necessitat de sintonitzar manualment múltiples paràmetres

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Kazilas, Panagiotis. "Augmenting MPI Programming Process with Cognitive Computing." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-88913.

Full text

Abstract:

Cognitive Computing is a new and quickly advancing technology. In thelast decade Cognitive Computing has been used to assist researchers in theirendeavors in many different scientific fields such as Health & medicine,Education, Marketing, Psychology and Financial Services. On the otherhand, Parallel programming is a more complex concept than sequentialprogramming. The additional complexity of Parallel Programming isintroduced by its nature that requires implementations of more complexalgorithms and it introduces additional concepts to the developers, namelythe communication between the processes (Distributed memory systems)that execute the parallel program and their synchronization (Share memorysystems). As a result of this additional complexity, a lot of novice developersare reserved in their attempts to implement parallel programs. The objectiveof this research project was to investigate whether we can assist parallelprogramming process through cognitive computing solutions. In order toachieve our objective, the MPI Assistant, a Q&A system has been developedand a case study has been carried out to determine our application’s efficiencyin our attempt to assist parallel programming developers. The case studyshowed that our MPI Assistant system indeed helped developers reduce thetime they spend to develop their solutions, but not improve the quality ofthe program or its efficiency as these improvements require features that areout of this research project’s scope. However, the case study had limitednumber of participants, which may affect our results’ reliability. As a nextstep in our attempt to determine if cognitive computing technologies are ableto assist developers in their parallel programming development, we movedto investigate if cognitive solutions can extract better and more completeresponses compared to our manually-created responses that we created forthe MPI Assistant. We have experimented with 2 different approaches to theproblem. An approach where we manually created responses for the MPIAssistant, and an approach where we investigated if cognitive solutions canautomatically extract better and complete responses. We compared the qualityof the latter automatic responses with the quality of the former which weremanually created.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

McArthur, Robert James. "Computing with meaning by operationalising socio-cognitive semantics." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16571/1/Robert_McArthur_Thesis.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis is motivated by the desire to provide technological solutions to enhance human awareness in information processing tasks. The need is pressing. Paradoxically, as information piles up people become less and less aware due to perceived scarce cognitive resources. As a consequence, specialisations become ever more specialised, projects and individuals in organisations become ever more insular. Technology can enhance awareness by informing the individual about what is happening outside their speciality. Systems which can assist people in these ways need to make sense of human communication. The computer system must know about what it is that it is processing; it must follow a socio-cognitive framework and reason with it. It must compute with meanings not symbolic surface structures. The hypothesis of the thesis is that knowledge potentially useful for enhancing awareness can be derived from interactions between people using computational models based on socio-cognitive semantics. The goals are whether an appreciable approximation of conceptual spaces can be realised through semantic spaces, and whether such semantic spaces can develop representations of meaning which have the potential to enhance the awareness of users? The two thesis questions are how well the socio-cognitive framework of G¨ardenfors could be brought into operational reality, and if a bridge can be made, then what practical issues can be involved? The theory of conceptual spaces of Peter G¨ardenfors is combined with methods from cognitive science for creating geometric spaces to represent meaning. Hyperspace Analogue to Language and Latent Semantic Analysis are used as exemplars of the cognitive science algorithms. The algorithms are modified by a variety of syntactic processing schemes to overcome a paucity of data and hence lack of expressivity in representations of meaning: part-of-speech tagging, index expressions and anaphora resolution are effected and incorporated into the semantic space. The practical element of the thesis consists of five case studies. These are developed in two parts: studies describing how meaning changes and evolves in semantic spaces, and studies describing semantic space applications featuring knowledge discovery. These studies are in a variety of domains with a variety of data: online communities of interest using a mailing list, a health-based mailing list, organisational blogs, "hallway chatter", and organisational email. The data is real world utterances that provide the situational factors that cognitive systems need to answer queries and provide context. The amounts of data are significantly less than previously used by semantic space methods, hence the need for syntactic assistance. The particular problems examined in the case studies are corporate expertise management, social network discovery, tracking ebbs and flows of topics, and noticing the change in a person's sense-of-self over time. These are significantly different to those usually examined using semantic spaces. The key differentiator of this work stems from its focus on the geometrically-based computational realisation of meaning. This thesis takes semantic spaces out of the closet and into real-world information technology applications, with a roadtest in real life.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

McArthur, Robert James. "Computing with meaning by operationalising socio-cognitive semantics." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16571/.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis is motivated by the desire to provide technological solutions to enhance human awareness in information processing tasks. The need is pressing. Paradoxically, as information piles up people become less and less aware due to perceived scarce cognitive resources. As a consequence, specialisations become ever more specialised, projects and individuals in organisations become ever more insular. Technology can enhance awareness by informing the individual about what is happening outside their speciality. Systems which can assist people in these ways need to make sense of human communication. The computer system must know about what it is that it is processing; it must follow a socio-cognitive framework and reason with it. It must compute with meanings not symbolic surface structures. The hypothesis of the thesis is that knowledge potentially useful for enhancing awareness can be derived from interactions between people using computational models based on socio-cognitive semantics. The goals are whether an appreciable approximation of conceptual spaces can be realised through semantic spaces, and whether such semantic spaces can develop representations of meaning which have the potential to enhance the awareness of users? The two thesis questions are how well the socio-cognitive framework of G¨ardenfors could be brought into operational reality, and if a bridge can be made, then what practical issues can be involved? The theory of conceptual spaces of Peter G¨ardenfors is combined with methods from cognitive science for creating geometric spaces to represent meaning. Hyperspace Analogue to Language and Latent Semantic Analysis are used as exemplars of the cognitive science algorithms. The algorithms are modified by a variety of syntactic processing schemes to overcome a paucity of data and hence lack of expressivity in representations of meaning: part-of-speech tagging, index expressions and anaphora resolution are effected and incorporated into the semantic space. The practical element of the thesis consists of five case studies. These are developed in two parts: studies describing how meaning changes and evolves in semantic spaces, and studies describing semantic space applications featuring knowledge discovery. These studies are in a variety of domains with a variety of data: online communities of interest using a mailing list, a health-based mailing list, organisational blogs, "hallway chatter", and organisational email. The data is real world utterances that provide the situational factors that cognitive systems need to answer queries and provide context. The amounts of data are significantly less than previously used by semantic space methods, hence the need for syntactic assistance. The particular problems examined in the case studies are corporate expertise management, social network discovery, tracking ebbs and flows of topics, and noticing the change in a person's sense-of-self over time. These are significantly different to those usually examined using semantic spaces. The key differentiator of this work stems from its focus on the geometrically-based computational realisation of meaning. This thesis takes semantic spaces out of the closet and into real-world information technology applications, with a roadtest in real life.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Marojevic, Vuk. "Computing resource management in software-defined and cognitive radios." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/78033.

Full text

Abstract:

Our research aims at contributing to the evolution of modern wireless communications and to the development of software-defined radio (SDR) and cognitive radio, in particular. It promotes a general resource management framework that facilitates the integration of computing and radio resource management. This dissertation discusses the need for computing resource management in software-defined and cognitive radios and introduces an SDR computing resource management framework with cognitive capabilities. The hard real-time computing requirements of software-defined digital signal processing chains (SDR applications), the associated radio propagation and quality of service (QoS) implications, and heterogeneous multiprocessor platforms with limited computing resources (SDR platforms) define the context of these studies. We examine heterogeneous computing techniques, multiprocessor mapping and scheduling in particular, and elaborate a flexible framework for the dynamic allocation and reallocation of computing resources for wireless communications. The framework should facilitate partial reconfigurations of SDR platforms, dynamic switches between radio access technologies (RATs), and service and QoS level adjustments as a function of the environmental conditions. It, therefore, assumes the facilities of the platform and hardware abstraction layer operating environment (P-HAL-OE). We suggest a modular framework, distinguishing between the computing system modeling and the computing resource management. Our modeling proposal is based on two computing resource management techniques, which facilitate managing the strict timing constraints of real-time systems. It is scalable and can account for many different hardware architectures and computing resource types. This work focuses on processing and interprocessor bandwidth resources and processing and data flow requirements. Our computing resource management approach consists of a general-purpose mapping algorithm and a cost function. The independence between the algorithm and the cost function facilitates implementing many different computing resource management policies. We introduce a dynamic programming based algorithm, the tw-mapping, where w controls the decision window. We present a general and parametric cost function, which guides the mapping process under the given resource constraints. An instance of it facilitates finding a mapping that meets all processing and data flow requirements of SDR applications with the available processing and bandwidth resources of SDR platforms. Several SDR reconfiguration scenarios and analyses based on simulations demonstrate the suitability and potentials of our framework for a flexible computing resource management. We extend our SDR computing resource management concepts to the cognitive radio context. The two primary objectives of cognitive radio are highly reliable communications whenever and wherever needed and the efficient use of the radio spectrum. We formulate a third objective as the efficient use of computing resources. We analyze the cognitive capabilities of our framework─the cognitive radio’s interface to SDR platforms─and indicate the potentials of our cognitive computing resource management proposal. The cognitive computing resource management needs to be coordinated with the radio resource management. We, therefore, introduce the joint resource management concept for cognitive radios. We present three cognitive cycles and discuss several interrelations between the radio, computing, and application resources, where application resources refer to the available SDR and user applications. Our approach potentiates flexibility and facilitates radio against computing resource tradeoffs. It promotes cognition at all layers of the wireless system for a cooperative or integrated resource management that may increase the performance and efficiency of wireless communications.
El objetivo de las investigaciones que se están llevando a cabo dentro del grupo de investigación es contribuir a la evolución de las radiocomunicaciones modernas y, en particular, al desarrollo de los conceptos software radio (SDR) y cognitive radio. El planteamiento general es el de extender la flexibilidad global del sistema de comunicaciones planteando la definición y desarrollo de un entorno en el que pudiesen explorarse las relaciones entre la computación y las prestaciones del sistema de comunicaciones móviles facilitando la integración de los recursos de computación con los recursos radio. Dentro de este marco, la presente tesis plantea la discusión de la necesidad de la gestión de los recursos de computación en entornos SDR y cognitive radio y define un entorno de operación que asume las características especificas del concepto SDR a la vez que incorpora capacidades cognitivas en la gestión de los recursos de computación de las plataformas que den soporte a las nuevas generaciones de sistemas móviles. Los estrictos requerimientos de procesado en tiempo real de las cadenas de procesado digital de la señal definidas por software (aplicaciones SDR), las implicaciones asociadas con la propagación radio y el concepto de calidad de servicio (QoS) y plataformas heterogéneas de múltiples procesadores con recursos de computo limitados (plataformas SDR) definen el contexto de estos estudios. Se examinan técnicas de cómputo de propósito general para definir un entorno de operación que fuese capaz de asignar de forma flexible y dinámica los recursos de cómputo necesarios para facilitar las radiocomunicaciones a los niveles de QoS deseados. Ello debería facilitar los cambios dinámicos de una tecnología de acceso radio a otra, permitiendo el ajuste del tipo de servicio o calidad de servicio en función de las preferencias de los usuarios y las condiciones del entorno. Dicho entorno de operación asume las potencialidades del platform and hardware abstraction layer operating environment (P-HAL-OE). La estructura del entorno de operación se define de forma modular y consiste en un modelado genérico y flexible de las plataformas de computación SDR y en una gestión de recursos de computación abierta y capaz de ajustarse a diferentes objetivos y políticas. En el trabajo se exponen dos técnicas de gestión que pretenden asegurar la consecución estricta de los límites temporales típicos de los sistemas en tiempo real. En cuanto al modelado, este es escalable y capaz de capturar un amplio abanico de arquitecturas hardware y recursos de computación. En el presente trabajo nos centramos en los recursos y requerimientos del procesado y transferencia de datos. Se introduce un algoritmo de mapeo genérico e independiente de la función de coste. La independencia entre el algoritmo y la función de coste facilita la implementación de diferentes políticas de gestión de recursos computacionales. El tw-mapping es un algoritmo basado en dynamic programming, donde w controla la ventana de decisión. Se presenta una función de coste genérica y parametrizable que permite guiar el proceso de gestión de los recursos. Una instancia de ella facilita encontrar una solución al proceso de asignación de recursos que cumpla todos los requerimientos de procesado y trasferencia de datos de las aplicaciones SDR con los recursos disponibles de las plataformas SDR. Diferentes escenarios y varios análisis basados en simulaciones demuestran la adecuación del entorno de trabajo definido y desarrollado, así como sus potencialidades para una gestión flexible de los recursos de cómputo. Se extienden los conceptos mencionados previamente para entornos cognitive radio. Los principales objetivos del concepto cognitive radio son la disponibilidad de comunicaciones altamente robustas en cualquier lugar y momento en que sean necesarias y el uso eficiente del espectro. Como tercer objetivo formulamos el uso eficiente de los recursos de cómputo. Analizamos las capacidades cognitivas de nuestro entorno de operación─la interfaz del sistema cognitive radio a las plataformas SDR─y resaltamos las potencialidades de nuestra propuesta de gestión cognitiva de los recursos computacionales. Dicha gestión cognitiva de los recursos computacionales plantea una integración con la gestión de los recursos radio. Para ello introducimos el concepto de gestión de recursos conjunta para entornos cognitive radio. Se presentan tres ciclos cognitivos y se discuten algunas interrelaciones entre los recursos radio, de cómputo y de aplicación, donde los recursos de aplicación se refieren a las aplicaciones SDR y de usuario disponibles. Nuestra propuesta de gestión de recursos conjunta potencia la flexibilidad y facilita los intercambios entre recursos radio y de computación

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Zhang, Chi. "Apply on Instance of IBM Watson Cognitive Computing System." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-203999.

Full text

Abstract:

Smart Cities concern a variety of domains such as information, data, energy, transport, health, etc. The ‘Information Age’, which shifts from the Industrial Revolution to information computerisation, accesses to large volumes of data explored by sophisticated computer based analytics. ICT solutions interconnect businesses and customers through the cloud while driving the global economy and development of Smart Cities. This MSc thesis aims to investigate connections between Smart Cities and cloud-based Cognitive Computing, then demonstrate with instances how the combination of Watson cognitive system and Pepper humanoid robot can enhance living experience. The investigation is based on literature review in the area of Smart Cities and ICT focusing on Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, and Cognitive Computing, observation of services on Bluemix, and interview with consultants and engineers of IBM. The services of Watson cognitive computing system enable Pepper to process unstructured information and interact with humans. The results also contain use cases of the functionality of Watson-powered Pepper, which could be further implemented for public services.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Goettel, Colby. "A Cognitive Approach to Predicting Academic Success in Computing." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6732.

Full text

Abstract:

This research examines the possible correlations between a computing student's learning preference and their academic success, as well as their overall satisfaction with their major. CS and IT seniors at BYU were surveyed about their learning preferences and satisfaction with their major. The research found that IT students who are more reflective in their learning preference tend to have higher grades in their major. Additionally, it found that student age and their parents' education level were significant players in their academic success. However, there were no correlations found between major satisfaction and academic performance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Green, Alison Julia Katherine. "Statistical computing : individual differences in the acquisition of a cognitive skill." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277291.

Full text

Abstract:

The rate at which individuals acquire new cognitive skills may vary quite substantially, some acquiring a new skill more rapidly and efficiently than others. It has been shown through the analysis of think aloud protocols that learning performance on a map learning task, for instance, is associated with the use of certain learning procedures. In the domain of mathematical problem solving, it has also been shown that performance is associated with strategic as opposed to tactical decision making. Previous research on learning and problem solving has tended to focus on tactical processes, ignoring the role of strategic processes in learning and problem solving. There is clearly a need to examine the role of strategic processes in learning and to determine whether they might be an important source of individual differences in learning performance. A related question concerns teaching thinking skills. If it is possible to determine those learning procedures that differentiate good from poor learners, is it then possible to teach the effective procedures to a group of novice students in order to enhance the rate of skill acquisition? Results from the experiments reported here show that novices differ, and that learning performance is related to the use of certain learning procedures, as revealed by subjects' think aloud protocols. A follow-up study showed that novices taught to use the procedures differentiating good from poor learners performed at a higher level than two control groups of novices. A coding scheme was developed to explicitly examine learning at macroscopic and microscopic levels, and to contrast tactical with strategic processes. Discriminant function analysis was used to examine differences between good and poor learners. It was shown that good learners more frequently use executive processes in learning episodes. A study of the same subjects learning to use statistical packages on a microcomputer corroborate these findings. Thus, results extend those obtained from the first study. A study of the knowledge structures possessed by novices was complicated by differences in levels of statistical knowledge. Multidimensional scaling techniques revealed differences between novices with three statistical courses behind them, but not among those with only two statistical courses behind them. Among those novices with three statistical courses behind them, faster learners' knowledge structures more closely resembled those of experienced users of statistical packages than did those of slower learners.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Siriyala, Kodhanda Karthik. "Determining Level of Cognitive Impairment via Computing Fractals using a Computer." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7364.

Full text

Abstract:

Mild Cognitive Impairment is a condition that affects an individual's thinking and decision making capabilities. Specifically, it is one where an individual's capabilities of memorizing, thinking and decision making are less efficient when compared to others. In order to diagnose this condition, a conventional method is to provide the subject with a small challenge they should be completed using pen and paper. This thesis focuses on how this method can be converted to a computer based test. A data visualization tool named Processing has been used to develop a system that runs a game-like test, which is completed by individuals using a mouse. The system then saves the individual's mouse movements in the form of a CSV file. This files are used for further analyzed using JMP Pro on how this data can be used for determining cognitive abilities via computing a metric called Fractal, and what conclusions can be drawn. In order to achieve comparable results, readings from two diverse age groups have been collected. The results using a total of 12 subjects are convincing in that the tool can be used to as a marker for detecting cognitive impairment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Bhilegaonkar, Ajay. "Machine learning and cognitive computing : a proposed framework to navigate the opportunities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107589.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 76-79).
Machine Learning and Cognitive Computing universe is buzzing again. Recent significant events are special. There is also talk about beginning of a general purpose "Smart Machine Age" Advances in computing power, storage capacity and machine learning / cognitive computing technologies have a gained critical mass. This combination is driving significant growth and heavy investments. Cognitive computing is coming of age, the market is experiencing exponential growth and there are literally thousands of startups competing to seize the opportunities and hundreds of products hitting the market every quarter. Businesses definitely need to pay attention. But for a business professional, there is so much happening out there that, it is extremely hard to decide which way to turn. CC/ML opportunities may have huge potential to improve business performance or there may be opportunities to waste money. This is a major concern for large businesses and business professionals. This thesis aims to develop an end to end framework to navigate CC/ML opportunities. The framework will guide a business professional to navigate the complex landscape of CC/ML and arrive at a solution approach recommendation.
by Ajay Bhilegaonkar.
S.M. in Engineering and Management

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Gusukuma, Luke Satoru. "Misconception Driven Student Analysis Model: Applications of a Cognitive Model in Teaching Computing." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99288.

Full text

Abstract:

Feedback contextualized to curriculum content and misconceptions is a crucial piece in any learning experience. However, looking through student code and giving feedback requires more time and resources than an instructor typically has available, delaying feedback delivery. Intelligent Tutors for teaching Programming (ITPs) are designed to immediately deliver contextualized feedback of high quality to several students. However, they take significant effort and expertise to develop courses and practice problems, making them difficult to adapt to new situations. Because of this, the most frequently used feedback techniques for immediate feedback systems focus on highlighting incorrect output or pointing out errors in student code. These systems allow for quick development of practice problems and are easily adaptable to new contexts, however, the feedback isn't contextualized to curriculum content and misconceptions. This dissertation explores the implications of the Misconception-Driven Student Model (MDSM) as a model for developing alternatives to the aforementioned methods. I explore the implications and impact of MDSM with relation to feedback through the following thesis: Authoring feedback using a cognitive student model supports student learning of programming. In this dissertation I review relevant cognitive theory and feedback systems and two quasi-experimental studies examining the efficacy of MDSM.
Doctor of Philosophy
Feedback contextualized to curriculum content and misconceptions is a crucial piece in any learning experience. However, looking through student code and giving feedback requires more time and resources than an instructor typically has available, delaying feedback delivery. Intelligent Tutors for teaching Programming (ITPs) are designed to immediately deliver contextualized feedback of high quality to several students. However, they take significant effort and expertise to develop courses and practice problems, making them difficult to adapt to new situations. Because of this, the most frequently used feedback techniques for immediate feedback systems focus on highlighting incorrect output or pointing out errors in student code. These systems allow for quick development of practice problems and are easily adaptable to new contexts, however, the feedback isn't contextualized to curriculum content and misconceptions. This dissertation explores the implications of the Misconception-Driven Student Model (MDSM) as a model for developing alternatives to the aforementioned methods. I explore the implications and impact of MDSM with relation to feedback through the following thesis: Authoring feedback using a cognitive student model supports student learning of programming. In this dissertation I review relevant cognitive theory and feedback systems and two quasi-experimental studies examining the efficacy of MDSM.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Austin, Ann. "The differing profiles of the human-computer interaction professional : perceptions of practice, cognitive preferences and the impact on HCI education." Thesis, University of West London, 2018. https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/5327/.

Full text

Abstract:

At a time when there is increasing demand for Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) skills, it becomes increasingly important that the curriculum is effective and relevant. This research aims to provide a better understanding of the professionals who work in the field of HCI. It extends previous studies by examining the different roles of HCI professionals in order to identify differences regarding cognitive preferences, background, what is valued, concerns and issues, and the potential impact of these upon curriculum design and delivery within the Higher Education sector. This study also extends technological frames theory by applying the framework to HCI practice. The literature review covers the history of HCI, the position of HCI within the software development lifecycle, HCI academic research and its relationship to practice, HCI practice and HCI education. It then discusses cognitive style research and the Cognitive Styles Index (CSI) and the Object-Spatial Imagery and Verbal Questionnaire (OSIVQ), concluding with the social construction of technology and technological frames. This study follows a mixed methods approach adopting a pragmatic epistemological stance, collecting data by means of a survey which gathered demographic data and cognitive profiles. These were complemented by interviews which were analysed using the Template Analysis approach. iv Both the quantitative and the qualitative data highlight a number of differences between the roles of the professionals, and in particular between those who educate and those who are involved in practice. The interview findings also highlight inconsistences in what is valued, and indicate that HCI is not well understood outside of the HCI community. It appears that a dominant technological frame has not yet been achieved in the field of HCI, with particular incongruences noted between academia and practice. In particular, the interviews confirm the findings of the literature that the curriculum may not be meeting the needs of practice, and that there still exists a lack of consensus regarding terminology and processes. The discussion moves on to consider the implications for the curriculum discussing the need for more input from practice when designing the curriculum, the advantages of embedding HCI skills within the curriculum in order to address graduate attributes, and the need to be aware of role differences in order to offer appropriate academic advice to students.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Makasi, Tendai. "Cognitive computing systems and public value: The case of chatbots and public service delivery." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/230002/1/Tendai_Makasi_Thesis.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis is an investigation of how cognitive computing system initiatives in the public sector can contribute towards creating public value. It focuses specifically on public service delivery through service channels that are supported by chatbots and proposes recommendations to ensure that the important public service value dimensions are supported. The thesis builds upon the discussions around public value creation and draws upon the interpretation of how chatbots can facilitate public value creation during chatbot-mediated service interactions from both the users of the chatbots and designers of the chatbots.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Klein, Brandi A. "Do Cognitive Resources Play a Role in Object Functionality and Affordance Effects when Computing Spatial Relations?" Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1339505961.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Tsoukalas, Kyriakos. "On Affective States in Computational Cognitive Practice through Visual and Musical Modalities." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104069.

Full text

Abstract:

Learners' affective states correlate with learning outcomes. A key aspect of instructional design is the choice of modalities by which learners interact with instructional content. The existing literature focuses on quantifying learning outcomes without quantifying learners' affective states during instructional activities. An investigation of how learners feel during instructional activities will inform the instructional systems design methodology of a method for quantifying the effects of individually available modalities on learners' affect. The objective of this dissertation is to investigate the relationship between affective states and learning modalities of instructional computing. During an instructional activity, learners' enjoyment, excitement, and motivation are measured before and after a computing activity offered in three distinct modalities. The modalities concentrate on visual and musical computing for the practice of computational thinking. An affective model for the practice of computational thinking through musical expression was developed and validated. This dissertation begins with a literature review of relevant theories on embodied cognition, learning, and affective states. It continues with designing and fabricating a prototype instructional apparatus and its virtual simulation as a web service, both for the practice of computational thinking through musical expression, and concludes with a study investigating participants' affective states before and after four distinct online computing activities. This dissertation builds on and contributes to extant literature by validating an affective model for computational thinking practice through self-expression. It also proposes a nomological network for the construct of computational thinking for future exploration of the construct, and develops a method for the assessment of instructional activities based on predefined levels of skill and knowledge.
Doctor of Philosophy
This dissertation investigates the role of learners' affect during instructional activities of visual and musical computing. More specifically, learners' enjoyment, excitement, and motivation are measured before and after a computing activity offered in four distinct ways. The computing activities are based on a prototype instructional apparatus, which was designed and fabricated for the practice of computational thinking. A study was performed using a virtual simulation accessible via internet browser. The study suggests that maintaining enjoyment during instructional activities is a more direct path to academic motivation than excitement.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Potluri, Uma Sadhvi. "Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines for DFT/FFT and DCT/DST Algorithms." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1383599754.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Elkins, Aaron Chaim. "Vocalic Markers of Deception and Cognitive Dissonance for Automated Emotion Detection Systems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202930.

Full text

Abstract:

This dissertation investigates vocal behavior, measured using standard acoustic and commercial vocal analysis software, as it occurs naturally while lying, experiencing cognitive dissonance, or receiving a security interview conducted by an Embodied Conversational Agent (ECA).In study one, vocal analysis software used for credibility assessment was investigated experimentally. Using a repeated measures design, 96 participants lied and told the truth during a multiple question interview. The vocal analysis software's built-in deception classifier performed at the chance level. When the vocal measurements were analyzed independent of the software's interface, the variables FMain (Stress), AVJ (Cognitive Effort), and SOS (Fear) significantly differentiated between truth and deception. Using these measurements, a logistic regression and machine learning algorithms predicted deception with accuracy up to 62.8%. Using standard acoustic measures, vocal pitch and voice quality was predicted by deception and stress.In study two, deceptive vocal and linguistic behaviors were investigated using a direct manipulation of arousal, affect, and cognitive difficulty by inducing cognitive dissonance. Participants (N=52) made verbal counter-attitudinal arguments out loud that were subjected to vocal and linguistic analysis. Participants experiencing cognitive dissonance spoke with higher vocal pitch, response latency, linguistic Quantity, and Certainty and lower Specificity. Linguistic Specificity mediated the dissonance and attitude change. Commercial vocal analysis software revealed that cognitive dissonance induced participants exhibited higher initial levels of Say or Stop (SOS), a measurement of fear.Study three investigated the use of the voice to predict trust. Participants (N=88) received a screening interview from an Embodied Conversational Agent (ECA) and reported their perceptions of the ECA. A growth model was developed that predicted trust during the interaction using the voice, time, and demographics.In study four, border guards participants were randomly assigned into either the Bomb Maker (N = 16) or Control (N = 13) condition. Participants either did or did not assemble a realistic, but non-operational, improvised explosive device (IED) to smuggle past an ECA security interviewer. Participants in the Bomb Maker condition had 25.34% more variation in their vocal pitch than the control condition participants.This research provides support that the voice is potentially a reliable and valid measurement of emotion and deception suitable for integration into future technologies such as automated security screenings and advanced human-computer interactions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Zhang, Yunfeng. "Towards a Comprehensive Computational Theory of Human Multitasking: Advancing Cognitive Modeling with Detailed Analyses of Eye Movement Data and Large-Scale Exploration of Task Strategies." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19293.

Full text

Abstract:

Designs of human-computer systems intended for time-critical multitasking can benefit from an understanding of the human factors that support or limit multitasking performance and a detailed account of the human-machine interactions that unfold in a given task environment. An integrated, computational cognitive model can test and provide such an understanding of the human factors related to multitasking and reveal the dynamic interactions that occur in the task at the level of hundreds of milliseconds. This dissertation provides such a detailed computation model of human multitasking, built for a time-critical, multimodal dual task experiment and validated by the eye tracking data collected from the experiment. This dissertation also develops new approaches to conducting cognitive modeling, which enable efficient and systematical exploration of multitasking strategies, as well as principled model comparisons. The dual task experiment captures many key aspects of real-world multitasking scenarios such as driving. In the experiment, the participant interleaved two tasks: one requires tracking a constantly-moving target with a joystick, and the other requires keying-in responses to objects moving across a radar display. Peripheral visibility and auditory conditions of the experiment were manipulated to assess the influence of peripheral visual information and auditory information on multitasking performance. Detailed eye tracking data were collected, and this dissertation presents a detailed analysis of this set of data, which provides the bases for model development and validation. The cognitive model presented in this dissertation, built based on the Executive Processes-Interactive Control cognitive architecture, accurately accounted for the eye movement data and other behavioral data of each participant using systematic explorations of task strategies and parameters configured for each individual participant. A parallelized cognitive modeling system was developed to accommodate the much increased computational demand of strategy exploration and individualized model building. New model comparison techniques were proposed to determine which strategy best accounts for the empirical data. Payoff analyses were applied, and they revealed people’s tendency to locally optimize task performance based on task payoff as well as instantaneous feedback. The results point to new approaches for building a priori models that predict multitasking performance. This dissertation includes previously published coauthored material.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Mezghani, Emna. "Towards Autonomic and Cognitive IoT Systems, Application to Patients’ Treatments Management." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAT0016/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une méthodologie basée sur les modèles pour gérer la complexité de la conception des systèmes autonomiques cognitifs intégrant des objets connectés. Cette méthodologie englobe un ensemble de patrons de conception dont nous avons défini pour modéliser la coordination dynamique des processus autonomiques pour gérer l’évolution des besoins du système, et pour enrichir les systèmes avec des propriétés cognitives qui permettent de comprendre les données et de générer des nouvelles connaissances. De plus, pour gérer les problèmes reliés à la gestion des big data et à la scalabilité du système lors du déploiement des processus, nous proposons une plate-forme sémantique supportant le traitement des grandes quantités de données afin d’intégrer des sources de données distribuées et hétérogènes déployées sur le cloud pour générer des connaissances qui seront exposées en tant que service (KaaS). Comme application de nos contributions, nous proposons un système cognitif prescriptif pour la gestion du plan de traitement du patient. Ainsi, nous élaborons des modèles ontologiques décrivant les capteurs et le contexte du patient, ainsi que la connaissance médicale pour la prise de décision. Le système proposé est évalué de point de vue clinique en collaborant avec des experts médicaux, et de point de vue performance en proposant des différentes configurations dans le KaaS
In this thesis, we propose a collaborative model driven methodology for designing Autonomic Cognitive IoT systems to deal with IoT design complexity. We defined within this methodology a set of autonomic cognitive design patterns that aim at (1) delineating the dynamic coordination of the autonomic processes to deal with the system's context changeability and requirements evolution at run-time, and (2) adding cognitive abilities to IoT systems to understand big data and generate new insights. To address challenges related to big data and scalability, we propose a generic semantic big data platform that aims at integrating heterogeneous distributed data sources deployed on the cloud and generating knowledge that will be exposed as a service (Knowledge as a Service--KaaS). As an application of the proposed contributions, we instantiated and combined a set of patterns for the development of prescriptive cognitive system for the patient treatment management. Thus, we elaborated two ontological models describing the wearable devices and the patient context as well as the medical knowledge for decision-making. The proposed system is evaluated from the clinical prescriptive through collaborating with medical experts, and from the performance perspective through deploying the system within the KaaS following different configurations

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Reid, Toby. "Critical Making for Cybertherapy Innovation Design in HCI." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-88026.

Full text

Abstract:

Design-oriented research is an approach to HCI research that frames HCI as a design discipline. One approach to design research is that of critical making, which incorporates critical thinking and practical ‘making’ into the design process whereby ‘making’ is framed as another context of thinking. Cybertherapy is any computationally mediated psychotherapy intervention technique. Contextually, cybertherapy is situated within the field of Psychology and yet it is argued here the area is non-binary by nature and highly relevant to the field of HCI. This study demonstrates the validity of critical making as a design-oriented research approach to the field of cybertherapy design and beyond. Through the immersive demonstration of critical making for cybertherapy innovation design, the design research approach is evaluated and argued to be a beneficial stance towards such non-binary research and development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Chao, Zenas C. "Toward the neurocomputer goal-directed learning in embodied cultured networks/." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19816.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph.D)--Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Potter, Steve; Committee Member: Butera, Robert; Committee Member: DeMarse, Thomas; Committee Member: Jaeger, Dieter; Committee Member: Lee, Robert.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Dwivedi, Y. K., L. Hughes, Elvira Ismagilova, G. Aarts, C. Coombs, T. Crick, Y. Duan, et al. "Artificial Intelligence (AI): Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Emerging Challenges, Opportunities, and Agenda for Research, Practice and Policy." Elsevier, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17208.

Full text

Abstract:

Yes
As far back as the industrial revolution, significant development in technical innovation has succeeded in transforming numerous manual tasks and processes that had been in existence for decades where humans had reached the limits of physical capacity. Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers this same transformative potential for the augmentation and potential replacement of human tasks and activities within a wide range of industrial, intellectual and social applications. The pace of change for this new AI technological age is staggering, with new breakthroughs in algorithmic machine learning and autonomous decision-making, engendering new opportunities for continued innovation. The impact of AI could be significant, with industries ranging from: finance, healthcare, manufacturing, retail, supply chain, logistics and utilities, all potentially disrupted by the onset of AI technologies. The study brings together the collective insight from a number of leading expert contributors to highlight the significant opportunities, realistic assessment of impact, challenges and potential research agenda posed by the rapid emergence of AI within a number of domains: business and management, government, public sector, and science and technology. This research offers significant and timely insight to AI technology and its impact on the future of industry and society in general, whilst recognising the societal and industrial influence on pace and direction of AI development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Cherukuri, Prudhvi Nath Naidu, and Sree Kavya Ganja. "Comparison of GCP and AWS using usability heuristic and cognitive walkthrough while creating and launching Virtual Machine instances in VirtualPrivate Cloud." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21896.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Cloud computing has become increasingly important over the years, as the need for computational resources, data storage, and networking capabilities in the field of information technology has been increased. There are several large corporations that offer these services to small companies or to end-users such as GCP, AWS, Microsoft Azure, IBM Cloud, and many more. The main aim of this thesis is to perform the comparison of GCP and AWS consoles in terms of the user interface while performing tasks related to compute engine. The cognitive walkthrough has been performed on tasks such as the creation of VPC, creation of VM instances, and launching them and then from the results, both the interfaces are compared using usability heuristics. Background: As the usage of cloud computing has increased over the years, the companies that are offering these services have grown eventually. Though there are many cloud services available in the market the user might always choose the services that are more flexible and efficient to use. In this manner, the choice of our research is made to compare the cloud services in terms of user interaction user experience. As we dig deep into the topic of user interaction and experience there are evaluation techniques and principles such as cognitive walkthrough and usability heuristics are suitable for our research. Here the comparison is made among GCP and AWS user interfaces while performing some tasks related to compute engine. Objectives: The main objectives of this thesis are to create VPC, VM instances,s and launch VM instances in two different cloud services such as GCP and AWS. To find out the best user interface among these two cloud services from the perspective of the user. Method: The process of finding best user interface among GCP and AWS cloud services is based on the cognitive walkthrough and comparing with usability heuristics. The cognitive walkthrough is performed on chosen tasks in both the services and then compared using usability heuristics to get the results of our research. Results: The results that are obtained from cognitive walkthrough and comparison with usability heuristics shown in graphical formats such as bar graphs, pie charts, and the comparison results are shown in the form of tabular form. The results cannot be universal, as they are just observational results from cognitive walkthrough and usability heuristic evaluation. Conclusion: After performing the above-mentioned methods it is observed that the user interface of GCP is more flexible and efficient in terms of user interaction and experience. Though the user experience may vary based on the experience level of users in cloud services, as per our research the novice user and moderate users have chosen GCP as a better interactive system over AWS. Keywords: Cloud computing, VM instance, Cognitive walkthrough, Usability heuristics, User-interface.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Challal, Yacine. "Sécurité de l'Internet des Objets : vers une approche cognitive et systémique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00866052.

Full text

Abstract:

La prolifération des réseaux ad hoc mobiles, pair-à-pair et de capteurs ont encouragé le développement des concepts d'une informatique autonome avec potentiellement un large éventail d'applications. Or, la vulnérabilité inhérente de ces réseaux autonomes introduit de nouveaux challenges de sécurité, telles que des attaques internes menées par des entités malveillantes. Plusieurs de ces attaques sont difficiles à détecter et à contrarier en raison de leur comportement asymptotique au comportement de processus légitimes des systèmes en interaction. Par ailleurs, la limitation des ressources de certains réseaux autonomes (réseaux de capteurs sans fil, réseaux mobiles ad hoc) constitue un autre grand challenge pour leur robustesse qui englobe à la fois la tolérance aux défaillances et la sécurité. Dans ce contexte, nos travaux se sont articulés autour de deux axes de recherche qui se situent à deux limites de la connaissance contemporaine sur la sécurité des systèmes : la sécurité collaborative des systèmes complexes en interaction et la sécurité des systèmes à fortes contraintes de ressources. Nous nous sommes fixés comme objectif le développement de solutions algorithmiques aptes à satisfaire les besoins des utilisateurs en termes de performance et de robustesse tout en leur permettant de faire abstraction de la complexité sous-jacente. Nous avons démontré à travers nos travaux que l'interaction robuste et sécurisée entre ces systèmes atypiques est possible. Elle est possible grâce à une nouvelle appréhension de la sécurité basée sur la collaboration de processus de confiance, et la prévention à base de mécanismes proactifs de tolérance aux disfonctionnements. Nous avons mené une recherche à la fois scientifique, technologique et intégrative dans le cadre de projets pluridisciplinaires, qui s'inscrivent dans des domaines aussi variés que la santé, l'agriculture, la gestion du trafic urbain, les systèmes embarqués, les réseaux et la sécurité des échanges. L'évolution de nos axes de recherche est principalement motivée par la prise en compte de nouvelles évolutions technologiques et de leur usage, pour lesquelles nous proposerons des solutions algorithmiques de sécurité tout en optimisant les coûts inhérents. En l'occurrence, une évolution majeure qui s'inscrit dans la continuité des développements récents des technologies de l'information et de la communication et des systèmes embarqués, est " l'internet des objets (IdO)". Cette évolution technologique sera accompagnée d'une évolution des usages et de l'écosystème technologique environnant dans toute sa complexité. Nous allons montrer que cette nouvelle " technologie de rupture " à enjeux socioéconomiques importants suscite ses propres challenges de sécurité et de " privacy ". Nous présenterons une évolution de la thématique de sécurité de l'IdO en trois phases : la sécurité efficace pour une informatique embarquée miniaturisée, la sécurité et " privacy " centrée sur l'utilisateur selon le contexte, et une approche cognitive et systémique de la sécurité de l'IdO. En effet, nous montrerons que l'évolution des objets vers plus d'autonomie à percevoir et à agir sur l'environnement, accentuera les enjeux de la sécurité et de la " privacy ". En conséquence, la sécurité de l'Internet des objets devrait aussi évoluer vers plus d'autonomie perceptive et actionnelle en se basant sur une approche cognitive et systémique centrée sur les objets intelligents.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Dominici, Michele. "Contributing to energy efficiency through a user-centered smart home." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869455.

Full text

Abstract:

Smart homes are residences equipped with information and communication technologies that anticipate and respond to the needs of the occupants. Despite the numerous research and industrial efforts, today only few expensive smart homes have been built and sold. The reason behind this slow uptake is the technology-driven approach characterizing existing solutions. The doctoral Thesis aims at demonstrating that a smart home can provide functionalities designed with a user-centered approach, taking into account ergonomic considerations about domestic activity and human cognition. This is achieved in collaboration with cognitive ergonomists, which help "minding the gap" between human context and machine-understandable context. Using off-the-shelf and lightweight instrumentation (also minimizing privacy concerns), extending existing context modeling, reasoning and management tools and following the Ubiquitous Computing principles, the doctoral work led to the following achievements: (i) the inter-disciplinary design of suitable functionalities, in collaboration with cognitive ergonomists; (ii) the design of a context-aware system that captures and reasons about uncertain contextual information in a distributed fashion; (ii) the realization of a working prototype that demonstrates the provision of energy-saving and comfort-preserving functionalities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Haglund, Sonja. "Färgens påverkan på mänsklig emotion vid gränssnittsdesign." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-856.

Full text

Abstract:

Dagens teknologiska samhälle ställer höga krav på människan, bland annat gällande att processa information. Vid utformning av system tas det numera vanligtvis hänsyn till människa-datorinteraktionen (MDI) för att erhålla en så hög användbarhet som möjligt. Affektiv Informatik, som är ett utvecklat sätt att förhålla sig till MDI, talar för att utveckla system som både kan uppfatta och förmedla emotioner till användaren. Fokus i rapporten är hur ett system kan förmedla emotioner, via dess färgsättning, och därmed påverka användarens emotionella tillstånd. En kvantitativ undersökning har utförts för att ta reda på hur färger kan användas i ett system för att förmedla känslouttryck till användare. Vidare har en jämförelse gjorts mellan undersökningens resultat och tidigare teorier om hur färg påverkar människans emotioner för att ta reda på huruvida de är lämpliga att tillämpa vid gränssnittsdesign. Resultatet pekade på en samständighet med de tidigare teorierna, men med endast en statistisk signifikant skillnad mellan blått och gult gällande behagligheten.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Calvo, Adrián. "Using the IBM WatsonTM Dialog Service for Assisting Parallel Programming." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap (DV), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-55734.

Full text

Abstract:

IBM Watson is on the verge of becoming a milestone in computer science as it is using a new technology that relies on cognitive systems. IBM Watson is able to understand questions in natural language and give proper answers. The use of cognitive computing in parallel programming is an open research issue. Therefore, the objective of this project is to investigate how IBM Watson can help in parallel programming by using the Dialog Service. In order to answer our research question an application has been built based on the IBM Watson Dialog Service and a survey has been carried out. The results of our research demonstrate that the developed application offers valuable answers to the questions asked by a programmer and the survey reveals that students would be interested in using it.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Norrington, Peter. "Novel, robust and cost-effective authentication techniques for online services." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/134951.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis contributes to the study of the usability and security of visuo-cognitive authentication techniques, particularly those relying on recognition of abstract images, an area little researched. Many usability and security problems with linguistic passwords (including traditional text-based passwords) have been known for decades. Research into visually-based techniques intends to overcome these by using the extensive human capacity for recognising images, and add to the range of commercially viable authentication solutions. The research employs a mixed methodology to develop several contributions to the field. A novel taxonomy of visuo-cognitive authentication techniques is presented. This is based on analysis and synthesis of existing partial taxonomies, combined with new and extensive analysis of features of existing visuo-cognitive and other techniques. The taxonomy advances consistent terminology, and coherent and productive classification (cognometric, locimetric, graphimetric and manipulometric, based respectively on recognition of, location in, drawing of and manipulation of images) and discussion of the domain. The taxonomy is extensible to other classes of cognitive authentication technique (audio-cognitive, spatio-cognitive, biometric and token-based, etc.). A revised assessment process of the usability and security of visuo-cognitive techniques is proposed (employing three major assessment categories – usability, memorability and security), based on analysis, synthesis and refinement of existing models. The revised process is then applied to the features identified in the novel taxonomy to prove the process‘s utility as a tool to clarify both the what and the why of usability and security issues. The process is also extensible to other classes of authentication technique. iii Cognitive psychology experimental methods are employed, producing new results which show with statistical significance that abstract images are harder to learn and recall than face or object images. Additionally, new experiments and a new application of the chi-squared statistic show that users‘ choices of abstract images are not necessarily random over a group, and thus, like other cognitive authentication techniques, can be attacked by probabilistic dictionaries. A new authentication prototype is designed and implemented, embodying the usability and security insights gained. Testing of this prototype shows good usability and user acceptance, although speed of use remains an issue. A new experiment shows that abstract image authentication techniques are vulnerable to phishing attacks. Further, the testing shows two new results: that abstract image visuo-cognitive techniques are usable on mobile phones; and that such phones are not, currently, necessarily a threat as part of observation attacks on visual passwords.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Rajan, Rahul. "Considerate Systems." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2016. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/713.

Full text

Abstract:

Recent technological advances have witnessed the rapid encroachment of computing systems into our social spaces. Their acceptance in these social spaces by other occupants, however, might be mostly contingent on their social appropriateness. Notions of social appropriateness might seem vague but even people who don’t act on this commonsense knowledge, and accord to social norms, can sometimes find themselves ostracized from society. It is reflected in behavior that supports a sense of successful engagement and connection. Such behavior communicates a desire to be accepted and a willingness to engage, as opposed to inappropriateness that conveys indifference, rejection or even danger. As social actors, how can systems improve their interactions with us in order to better succeed at their tasks? Perhaps, more interestingly, how might they even improve our communications with each other? In this thesis we describe a framework to identify opportunities to design systems that can begin to act appropriately in social settings, which we call Considerate Systems. It includes a design process and guidelines, which allows an interaction to be viewed from the perspectives of the user, system and task. It also includes an architecture that guides the addition of productive social responses to interactive systems. We demonstrate the utility of this framework by exploring two types of scenarios that impact social interactions in contrasting ways. Remote interactions (such as on a conference call) suffer from an impinging of social cues that people rely on while communicating. On the other hand, situated multitasking interactions (such as texting while driving) can easily overwhelm users and detract from their performance. The framework is applied towards the design of autonomous agents tackling problems endemic to such scenarios. We evaluate their success with respect to specific scenario goals. We conclude by noting that while the challenges of instilling computing systems with a sense of appropriateness seem daunting, our productive use of systems can be enhanced with them.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Pellegrini, Lorenzo. "Integrazione Architetturale di Personal Assistant Agent basati su modello BDI con Servizi Cognitivi: Un Caso di Studio in Ambito Ospedaliero." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15625/.

Full text

Abstract:

L’ambito sanitario è oggetto di cambiamenti legati alla pervasiva adozione di tecnologie informatiche in grado di supportare i processi legati alla gestione della sanità. Su questa strada vanno le iniziative inerenti agli Smart Hospital, che prevedono una informatizzazione degli ospedali e dei sistemi per la loro gestione. Questa pionieristica visione prevede che vengano messe in campo le più disparate tecniche informatiche con l’obiettivo di supportare l’operato del personale sanitario, specialmente per quanto concerne il processo decisionale e la gestione del flusso di lavoro. La tesi si inserisce nel contesto di Trauma Tracker, un progetto di Smart Hospital nato dalla collaborazione tra il Trauma Center dell’ospedale Maurizio Bufalini e la facoltà di Ingegneria e Scienze Informatiche dell’Università di Bologna, sede di Cesena. Scopo del progetto è quello di sviluppare un Personal Assistant Agent in grado di supportare i medici durante la gestione dei traumi. Tra di queste è presente la generazione di avvisi e suggerimenti il cui obiettivo è quello di guidare l’operato del Trauma Team richiamandone l’attenzione qualora venissero individuate situazioni anomale oppure opportunità circa azioni che è possibile intraprendere. In Trauma Tracker è attualmente presente un sistema per la generazione di avvisi basata su regole. Questo presenta una espressività limitata per cui si intende ampliare le capacità di ragionamento dell’Assistant al fine di considerare informazioni storiche mantenute nell’archivio delle pratiche. Tra le tecniche considerate a tal fine figurano il Machine Learning e il Cognitive Computing. L'obiettivo della tesi è quello di identificare e sviluppare un'estensione architetturale del Trauma Assistant Agent (TAA) in modo che possa integrare la generazione di avvisi basati su regole definite dagli esperti del dominio con la generazione di suggerimenti elaborati e forniti in modo asincrono da servizi cognitivi in rete, in continua interazione con il TAA.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Recio, Adolfo Leon. "Spectrum-Aware Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30193.

Full text

Abstract:

Reconfigurable computing architectures are well suited for the dynamic data flow processing requirements of software-defined radio. The software radio concept has quickly evolved to include spectrum sensing, awareness, and cognitive algorithms for machine learning resulting in the cognitive radio model. This work explores the application of reconfigurable hardware to the physical layer of cognitive radios using non-contiguous multi-carrier radio techniques. The practical tasks of spectrum sensing, frame detection, synchronization, channel estimation, and mutual interference mitigation are challenges in the communications and the computing fields that are addressed to optimally utilize the capacity of opportunistically allocated spectrum bands. FPGA implementations of parameterizable OFDM and filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC) radio prototypes with spectrum awareness and non-contiguous sub-carrier allocation were completed and tested over-the-air. Sub-carrier sparseness assumptions were validated under practical implementation and performance considerations. A novel algorithm for frame detection and synchronization with mutual interference rejection applicable to the FBMC case was proposed and tested.
Ph. D.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Berthelon, Franck. "Modélisation et détection des émotions à partir de données expressives et contextuelles." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917416.

Full text

Abstract:

Nous proposons un modèle informatique pour la détection des émotions basé sur le comportement humain. Pour ce travail, nous utilisons la théorie des deux facteurs de Schachter et Singer pour reproduire dans notre architecture le comportement naturel en utilisant à la fois des données expressives et contextuelles. Nous concentrons nos efforts sur l'interprétation d'expressions en introduisant les Cartes Émotionnelles Personnalisées (CEPs) et sur la contextualisation des émotions via une ontologie du contexte émotionnel(EmOCA). Les CEPs sont motivées par le modèle complexe de Scherer et représentent les émotions déterminées par de multiple capteurs. Les CEPs sont calibrées individuellement, puis un algorithme de régression les utilises pour définir le ressenti émotionnel à partir des mesures des expressions corporelles. L'objectif de cette architecture est de séparer l'interprétation de la capture des expressions, afin de faciliter le choix des capteurs. De plus, les CEPs peuvent aussi être utilisées pour la synthétisation des expressions émotionnelles. EmOCA utilise le contexte pour simuler la modulation cognitive et pondérer l'émotion prédite. Nous utilisons pour cela un outil de raisonnement interopérable, une ontologie, nous permettant de décrire et de raisonner sur les philies et phobies pour pondérer l'émotion calculée à partir des expressions. Nous présentons également un prototype utilisant les expressions faciales pour évaluer la reconnaissance des motions en temps réel à partir de séquences vidéos. De plus, nous avons pu remarquer que le système décrit une sorte d'hystérésis lors du changement émotionnel comme suggéré par Scherer pour son modèle psychologique.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Farag, Mohammed Morsy Naeem. "Architectural Enhancements to Increase Trust in Cyber-Physical Systems Containing Untrusted Software and Hardware." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29084.

Full text

Abstract:

Embedded electronics are widely employed in cyber-physical systems (CPSes), which tightly integrate and coordinate computational and physical elements. CPSes are extensively deployed in security-critical applications and nationwide infrastructure. Perimeter security approaches to preventing malware infiltration of CPSes are challenged by the complexity of modern embedded systems incorporating numerous heterogeneous and updatable components. Global supply chains and third-party hardware components, tools, and software limit the reach of design verification techniques and introduce security concerns about deliberate Trojan inclusions. As a consequence, skilled attacks against CPSes have demonstrated that these systems can be surreptitiously compromised. Existing run-time security approaches are not adequate to counter such threats because of either the impact on performance and cost, lack of scalability and generality, trust needed in global third parties, or significant changes required to the design flow. We present a protection scheme called Run-time Enhancement of Trusted Computing (RETC) to enhance trust in CPSes containing untrusted software and hardware. RETC is complementary to design-time verification approaches and serves as a last line of defense against the rising number of inexorable threats against CPSes. We target systems built using reconfigurable hardware to meet the flexibility and high-performance requirements of modern security protections. Security policies are derived from the system physical characteristics and component operational specifications and translated into synthesizable hardware integrated into specific interfaces on a per-module or per-function basis. The policy-based approach addresses many security challenges by decoupling policies from system-specific implementations and optimizations, and minimizes changes required to the design flow. Interface guards enable in-line monitoring and enforcement of critical system computations at run-time. Trust is only required in a small set of simple, self-contained, and verifiable guard components. Hardware trust anchors simultaneously addresses the performance, flexibility, developer productivity, and security requirements of contemporary CPSes. We apply RETC to several CPSes having common security challenges including: secure reconfiguration control in reconfigurable cognitive radio platforms, tolerating hardware Trojan threats in third-party IP cores, and preserving stability in process control systems. High-level architectures demonstrated with prototypes are presented for the selected applications. Implementation results illustrate the RETC efficiency in terms of the performance and overheads of the hardware trust anchors. Testbenches associated with the addressed threat models are generated and experimentally validated on reconfigurable platform to establish the protection scheme efficacy in thwarting the selected threats. This new approach significantly enhances trust in CPSes containing untrusted components without sacrificing cost and performance.
Ph. D.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Eriksson, Anna-Frida. "An Empirical Investigation of the Influence of Context Parameters on Everyday Planning Activities." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-4300.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of the study is to explore the context, from the users’ perspective, in order to find relevant context parameters that can be useful in the development of the future context-aware technology. The goal is to find some of the context parameters relevant to the situated activity and investigate to what extent and in which way they influence the user in everyday planning activities.

The method used in the study was based on scenario descriptions. A total of 41 participants reported how they would have acted in the different situations and they also rated how important they believed the different context factors were in the situations. Analyses were made to reveal relationships between context factors and service properties used by the participants in the scenarios.

In the study several interesting relationships between context factors and the use of services were discovered. The level of urgency was in several situations considered to be important, and it was also found to have an impact on how the participants chose to communicate. The cost was introduced by the participants during the study. It seemed to be important; however, in situations with high urgency it became less important. The study revealed a potential relationship between the risk of disturbing the people in the vicinity and the effort to communicate quietly. Another interesting finding was the relationship between privacy and the choice of modality when communicating: voice-based services were avoided. Further, the importance of privacy and disturbance also appeared to have greater influence in non-anonymous situations than in anonymous.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka kontexten, utifrån användarens perspektiv, för att kunna hitta relevanta kontextfaktorer som kan vara användbara i utvecklingen av kontextmedveten teknologi. Målet är att finna kontextfaktorer som är relevanta för den pågående aktiviteten och undersöka i vilken utsträckning och på vilka sätt dessa faktorer påverkar användaren i de dagliga planeringsaktiviteterna.

Metoden som användes i studien baserades på scenariobeskrivningar. 41 stycken försöksdeltagare fick beskriva hur de skulle ha handlat i de olika situationerna och de fick också skatta hur viktiga de olika kontextfaktorerena var i situationerna. Analyser genomfördes för att finna samband mellan kontextfaktorer och egenskaper hos de tjänster som försöksdeltagarna använde sig av i scenarierna.

I studien upptäcktes en rad intressanta relationer mellan kontextfaktorer och användningen av tjänster. Exempelvis ansågs nivån av brådska vara betydelsefull i flera situationer och den verkade också ha inverkan på hur försöksdeltagarna valde att kommunicera. Försöksdeltagarna introducerade under studien kontextfaktorn kostnad. Kostnaden påverkade valet av tjänster men blev mindre betydande i situationer med stor brådska. Studien visade också på potentiella samband mellan risken att störa människor i sin omgivning och viljan att kommunicera tyst. En annan intressant upptäckt var sambandet mellan avskildhet och kommunikationssätt: röstbaserade tjänster undveks när andra människor fanns i närheten. Dessutom verkade det som om det var viktigare att värna om sin avskildhet och att inte störa andra i ickeanonyma situationer än i situationer där man var helt anonym.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Reda, Roberto. "A Semantic Web approach to ontology-based system: integrating, sharing and analysing IoT health and fitness data." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14645/.

Full text

Abstract:

With the rapid development of fitness industry, Internet of Things (IoT) technology is becoming one of the most popular trends for the health and fitness areas. IoT technologies have revolutionised the fitness and the sport industry by giving users the ability to monitor their health status and keep track of their training sessions. More and more sophisticated wearable devices, fitness trackers, smart watches and health mobile applications will appear in the near future. These systems do collect data non-stop from sensors and upload them to the Cloud. However, from a data-centric perspective the landscape of IoT fitness devices and wellness appliances is characterised by a plethora of representation and serialisation formats. The high heterogeneity of IoT data representations and the lack of common accepted standards, keep data isolated within each single system, preventing users and health professionals from having an integrated view of the various information collected. Moreover, in order to fully exploit the potential of the large amounts of data, it is also necessary to enable advanced analytics over it, thus achieving actionable knowledge. Therefore, due the above situation, the aim of this thesis project is to design and implement an ontology based system to (1) allow data interoperability among heterogeneous IoT fitness and wellness devices, (2) facilitate the integration and the sharing of information and (3) enable advanced analytics over the collected data (Cognitive Computing). The novelty of the proposed solution lies in exploiting Semantic Web technologies to formally describe the meaning of the data collected by the IoT devices and define a common communication strategy for information representation and exchange.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Åström, Gustav. "Kognitiva tjänster på en myndighet : Förstudie om hur Lantmäteriet kan tillämpa IBM Watson." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-30902.

Full text

Abstract:

Many milestones have been passed in computer science and currently we are on our way to pass yet another: artificial intelligence. One of the characteristics of AI is to be able to interpret so-called unstructured data, i.e., data that lacks structure. Unstructured data can be useful and with the new tools within AI is it possible to interpret it and use it to solve problems. This has the potential to be useful in practical applications such as processing and decision support. The work has been done at Apendo AB, which has the Swedish National Land Survey as a customer. The work is to investigate how AI-driven cognitive services through IBM Watson can be applied to the Swedish National Land Survey. The goal is to answer the following questions: Is it possible to apply cognitive services through Watson's services to give decision support to the Swedish National Land Survey already? In what ways can you use Watson's services to create a decision support? How effective can the solution for the Swedish National Land Survey be, i.e. how much time and costs can they save by using Watson's services on the chosen concept? As a practical part of the AI study, a perceptron was developed and evaluated. Through an agile approach, tests and studies about IBM Watson have taken place in parallel with interviews with employees at the Swedish National Land Survey. The tests were performed in the PaaS service IBM Bluemix with both Node-RED and an own built web application. Though the interviews, the Watson service Retrieve and Rank became interesting and examined more closely. With Retrieve and Rank you can get questions answered by ranking selected corpus pieces that are then trained for better answers. Uploading the corpus with related questions resulted in that 75% of the questions was answered correctly. Applications for the Swedish National Land Survey can then be a cognitive search function that helps administrators to search information in manuals and the law book.
Många milstolpar har passerats inom datavetenskapen och just nu håller vi på att passera en till: artificiell intelligens. En av de egenskaper som kännetecknar AI är att kunna tolka s.k. ostrukturerad data, alltså sådan data som saknar struktur. Ostrukturerad data vara användbar och med de nya verktygen inom AI är det möjligt att tolka för sedan använda det till att lösa problem. Detta har potential att vara användbart inom praktiska applikationer såsom handläggning och beslutsstöd. Arbetet har skett på företaget Apendo AB som har Lantmäteriet som kund. Arbetet går ut på att undersöka hur AI-drivna kognitiva tjänster genom IBM Watson kan tillämpas på Lantmäteriet. Målet är att besvara följande frågor: Är det möjligt att tillämpa kognitiva tjänster genom Watsons tjänster för att ge beslutsstöd åt Lantmäteriet redan i dagsläget? På vilka sätt kan man använda Watsons tjänster för att skapa ett beslutsstöd? Hur effektiv kan lösningen för Lantmäteriet bli, d.v.s. hur mycket tid och kostnader kan de tänkas spara genom att använda Watsons tjänster på valt koncept? Som praktisk del av studien om AI utvecklades och utvärderades en perceptron. Genom ett agilt förhållningssätt har tester och studier om IBM Watson skett parallellt med intervjuer med anställda på Lantmäteriet. Testerna utfördes i PaaS-tjänsten IBM Bluemix med både Node- RED och egenbyggd webbapplikation. Av intervjuerna blev Watson-tjänsten Retrieve and Rank intressant och undersöktes noggrannare. Med Retrieve and Rank kan man få frågor besvarade genom rankning av stycken av valt korpus som sedan tränas upp för bättre svar. Uppladdning av korpus med tillhörade frågor gav att 75 % av frågorna besvarades korrekt. Tillämpningarna Lantmäteriet kan då vara en kognitiv uppträningsbar sökfunktion som hjälper handläggare att söka information i handböcker och lagboken.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Suri, Manan. "Technologies émergentes de mémoire résistive pour les systèmes et application neuromorphique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935190.

Full text

Abstract:

La recherche dans le domaine de l'informatique neuro-inspirée suscite beaucoup d'intérêt depuis quelques années. Avec des applications potentielles dans des domaines tels que le traitement de données à grande échelle, la robotique ou encore les systèmes autonomes intelligents pour ne citer qu'eux, des paradigmes de calcul bio-inspirés sont étudies pour la prochaine génération solutions informatiques (post-Moore, non-Von Neumann) ultra-basse consommation. Dans ce travail, nous discutons les rôles que les différentes technologies de mémoire résistive non-volatiles émergentes (RRAM), notamment (i) Phase Change Memory (PCM), (ii) Conductive-Bridge Memory (CBRAM) et de la mémoire basée sur une structure Metal-Oxide (OXRAM) peuvent jouer dans des dispositifs neuromorphiques dédies. Nous nous concentrons sur l'émulation des effets de plasticité synaptique comme la potentialisation à long terme (Long Term Potentiation, LTP), la dépression à long terme (Long Term Depression, LTD) et la théorie STDP (Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity) avec des synapses RRAM. Nous avons développé à la fois de nouvelles architectures de faiblement énergivore, des méthodologies de programmation ainsi que des règles d'apprentissages simplifiées inspirées de la théorie STDP spécifiquement optimisées pour certaines technologies RRAM. Nous montrons l'implémentation de systèmes neuromorphiques a grande échelle et efficace énergétiquement selon deux approches différentes: (i) des synapses multi-niveaux déterministes et (ii) des synapses stochastiques binaires. Des prototypes d'applications telles que l'extraction de schéma visuel et auditif complexe sont également montres en utilisant des réseaux de neurones impulsionnels (Feed-forward Spiking Neural Network, SNN). Nous introduisons également une nouvelle méthodologie pour concevoir des neurones stochastiques très compacts qui exploitent les caractéristiques physiques intrinsèques des appareils CBRAM.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Maranan, Diego Silang. "Haplós : towards technologies for, and applications of, somaesthetics." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/10170.

Full text

Abstract:

How can vibrotactile stimuli be used to create a technology-mediated somatic learning experience? This question motivates this practice-based research, which explores how the Feldenkrais Method and cognate neuroscience research can be applied to technology design. Supported by somaesthetic philosophy, soma-based design theories, and a critical acknowledgement of the socially-inflected body, the research develops a systematic method grounded in first- and third-person accounts of embodied experience to inform the creation and evaluation of design of Haplós, a wearable, user-customisable, remote-controlled technology that plays methodically composed vibrotactile patterns on the skin in order to facilitate body awareness—the major outcome of this research and a significant contribution to soma-based creative work. The research also contributes to design theory and somatic practice by developing the notion of a somatic learning affordance, which emerged during course of the research and which describes the capacity of a material object to facilitate somatic learning. Two interdisciplinary collaborations involving Haplós contribute to additional fields and disciplines. In partnership with experimental psychologists, Haplós was used in a randomised controlled study that contributes to cognitive psychology by showing that vibrotactile compositions can reduce, with statistical significance, intrusive food-related thoughts. Haplós was also used in Bisensorial, an award-winning, collaboratively developed proof-of-concept of a neuroadaptive vibroacoustic therapeutic device that uses music and vibrotactile stimuli to induce desired mental states. Finally, this research contributes to cognitive science and embodied philosophy by advancing a neuroscientific understanding of vibrotactile somaesthetics, a novel extension of somaesthetic philosophy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Hirel, Julien. "Codage hippocampique par transitions spatio-temporelles pour l'apprentissage autonome de comportements dans des tâches de navigation sensori-motrice et de planification en robotique." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660862.

Full text

Abstract:

Cette thèse s'intéresse aux mécanismes permettant de faciliter l'acquisition autonome de comportements chez les êtres vivants et propose d'utiliser ces mécanismes dans le cadre de tâches robotiques. Des réseaux de neurones artificiels sont utilisés pour modéliser certaines structures cérébrales, à la fois afin de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de ces structures dans le cerveau des mammifères et pour obtenir des algorithmes robustes et adaptatifs de contrôle en robotique. Les travaux présentés se basent sur un modèle de l'hippocampe permettant d'apprendre des relations temporelles entre des événements perceptifs. Les neurones qui forment le substrat de cet apprentissage, appelés cellules de transition, permettent de faire des prédictions sur les événements futurs que le robot pourrait rencontrer. Ces transitions servent de support à la con- struction d'une carte cognitive, située dans le cortex préfrontal et/ou pariétal. Cette carte peut être apprise lors de l'exploration d'un environnement inconnu par un robot mobile et ensuite utilisée pour planifier des chemins lui permettant de rejoindre un ou plusieurs buts. Outre leur utilisation pour la construction d'une carte cognitive, les cellules de transition servent de base à la conception d'un modèle d'apprentissage par renforcement. Une implémen- tation neuronale de l'algorithme de Q-learning, utilisant les transitions, est réalisée de manière biologiquement plausible en s'inspirant des ganglions de la base. Cette architecture fournit une stratégie de navigation alternative à la planification par carte cognitive, avec un apprentissage plus lent, et correspondant à une stratégie automatique de bas-niveau. Des expériences où les deux stratégies sont utilisées en coopération sont réalisées et des lésions du cortex préfrontal et des ganglions de la base permettent de reproduire des résultats expérimentaux obtenus chez les rats. Les cellules de transition peuvent apprendre des relations temporelles précises permettant de prédire l'instant où devrait survenir un événement. Dans un modèle des interactions entre l'hippocampe et le cortex préfrontal, nous montrons comment ces prédictions peuvent expliquer certains enregistrements in-vivo dans ces structures cérébrales, notamment lorsqu'un rat réalise une tâche durant laquelle il doit rester immobile pendant 2 secondes sur un lieu but pour obtenir une récompense. L'apprentissage des informations temporelles provenant de l'environnement et du comportement permet de détecter des régularités. A l'opposé, l'absence d'un événe- ment prédit peut signifier un échec du comportement du robot, qui peut être détecté et utilisé pour adapter son comportement en conséquence. Un système de détection de l'échec est alors développé, tirant parti des prédictions temporelles fournies par l'hippocampe et des interactions entre les aspects de modulation comportementale du cortex préfrontal et d'apprentissage par renforcement dans les ganglions de la base. Plusieurs expériences robotiques sont conduites dans lesquelles ce signal est utilisé pour moduler le comportement d'un robot, dans un premier temps de manière immédiate, afin de mettre fin aux actions du robot qui le mènent à un échec et envisager d'autres stratégies. Ce signal est ensuite utilisé de manière plus permanente pour moduler l'apprentissage des associations menant à la sélection d'une action, afin que les échecs répétés d'une action dans un contexte particulier fassent oublier cette association. Finalement, après avoir utilisé le modèle dans le cadre de la navigation, nous montrons ses capacités de généralisation en l'utilisant pour le contrôle d'un bras robotique. Ces travaux constituent une étape importante pour l'obtention d'un modèle unifié et générique permettant le contrôle de plates-formes robotiques variés et pouvant apprendre à résoudre des tâches de natures différentes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Gutiérrez, Carreón Gustavo Alfonso. "A semantic description model for the development and evaluation of personalized learning environments based on distributed systems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/360337.

Full text

Abstract:

L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi doctoral és implementar i avaluar Entorns Virtuals d'Aprenentatge (EVA) distribuïts amb el suport de models semàntics per a la descripció de serveis d'aprenentatge i la seva incorporació dins en escenaris d'aprenentatge basats en tecnologies Grid i de Còmput al Núvol. Aquests EVA distribuïts compten amb funcionalitats que permeten la col·laboració i personalització per part dels estudiants, així com demanen un intercanvi coordinat i flexible dels recursos de la xarxa, els quals són recol·lectats de forma dinàmica per individus i institucions, per als quals s'estableixen mecanismes que permeten el correcte intercanvi de la informació i un control estricte dels recursos a compartir. Els serveis d'aprenentatge són components fonamentals dels EVA distribuïts, representant funcionalitats que poden ser fàcilment reutilitzats sense conèixer els detalls de la forma en què s'han implementat.
El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es implementar y evaluar Entornos Virtuales de Aprendizaje (EVA) distribuidos con el soporte de modelos semánticos para la descripción de servicios de aprendizaje y su incorporación dentro en escenarios de aprendizaje basados en tecnologías Grid y de Cómputo en la Nube. Estos EVA distribuidos cuentan con funcionalidades que permiten la colaboración y personalización por parte de los estudiantes, así como demandan un intercambio coordinado y flexible de los recursos de la red, los cuales son recolectados de forma dinámica por individuos e instituciones, para los cuales se establecen mecanismos que permiten el correcto intercambio de la información y un control estricto de los recursos a compartir. Los servicios de aprendizaje son componentes fundamentales de los EVA distribuidos, representando funcionalidades que pueden ser fácilmente reutilizados sin conocer los detalles de la forma en que se han implementado.
The objective of this doctoral thesis is to implement and evaluate distributed Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) supported with semantic models for the description of learning services and their incorporation within learning scenarios based on Grid and Cloud technologies, with features that allow students' personalization and collaboration. These distributed VLEs demand a flexible and coordinated form of sharing network resources, which are dynamically collected by individuals and institutions, and establishing mechanisms for the correct exchange of information and a strict control of the resources to share. Learning services are fundamental components of distributed VLEs representing functions that can be easily reused without knowing the details of how services have been implemented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Azevedo, Bruno Romero de. "INFERÊNCIA DO ESFORÇO COGNITIVO DESPENDIDO EM ATIVIDADES HUMANAS A PARTIR DE UM SISTEMA SENSÍVEL AO CONTEXTO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5447.

Full text

Abstract:

There are different reasons that may collaborate for a human activity to result in damages in one s physical health. Generally, they characterize risk situations that can be avoided, if identified. One of these risks is related to the skill level that a person has to process information, react to his surroundings and make decisions in order to perform an activity, which is determined by the allocation of the mental resources demanded by the activity for its execution. When this allocation is inappropriate, there is a higher possibility for some kind of accident related to the activity to happen due to cognitive overload. This way, it is proposed the development of a model for the inference of such cognitive workload based on models from psychology, especially the skill-rule-knowledge model, concepts from ubiquitous computing and different techniques for the measurement of the cognitive workload. This dissertation is a part of the project Activity Project, which aims to develop a context-aware middleware for the inference and prediction of risks in activities.
Existem diferentes motivos que podem colaborar para que uma atividade humana resulte em danos à saúde física de um indivíduo. De modo geral, eles caracterizam situações de risco que podem ser evitadas, caso identificadas. Um destes motivos diz respeito ao nível da habilidade de uma pessoa em processar informações, reagir ao seus arredores e tomar decisões para a realização de uma atividade, o qual é determinado pela alocação de recursos mentais demandados por ela para a sua execução. Quando esta alocação é inadequada, há uma maior possibilidade de que algum tipo de acidente relacionado à atividade ocorra devido à sobrecarga cognitiva. Dessa forma, propõe-se o desenvolvimento de um modelo para a inferência deste esforço cognitivo a partir de modelos da psicologia, em especial o modelo comportamental habilidade-regra-conhecimento, conceitos da computação ubíqua e de diferentes técnicas para o mensuramento do esforço cognitivo. Testes foram realizados em um dataset público e os resultados obtidos demonstram ser viável a inferência do esforço cognitivo de forma não-intrusiva em um sistema ubíquo a partir da análise do desempenho do indivíduo. Esta dissertação é parte integrante do projeto Activity Project, o qual visa desenvolver um middleware sensível ao contexto para a inferência e predição do risco em atividades.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Guntz, Thomas. "Estimation du niveau d'expertise à partir du regard et des émotions." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALM030.

Full text

Abstract:

Dans cette thèse, nous explorons comment de telles théories issues des sciences cognitives peuvent servir de base à l'informatique pour favoriser l'émergence des technologies d'intelligence artificielle collaborative.En particulier, nous utilisons l'observation d'humains ayant différents niveaux d'expertise engagés dans la résolution de problèmes d'échecs classiques pour explorer l'efficacité des modèles pour l'attention visuelle, la prise de conscience, la compréhension et la résolution de problèmes.Nous avons construit un instrument pour la capture et l'interprétation de signaux multimodaux d'humains engagés dans la résolution de problèmes.Notre instrument permet d'enregistrer la posture du corps, les gestes, les expressions faciales, la dilatation de la pupille et les trajectoires oculaires, ainsi que les interactions du joueur avec le problème des échecs.Combinés aux rapports verbaux des joueurs, ces enregistrements permettent de construire des modèles informatiques pour la prise de conscience et la compréhension de la situation de jeu lors de la résolution de problèmes en utilisant des concepts et des modèles issus de la littérature des sciences cognitives.Dans le cadre d'une première expérience, les joueurs d'échecs ont été enregistrés alors qu'ils étaient engagés dans des problèmes de difficulté croissante.Ces enregistrements ont été utilisés pour estimer la conscience qu'avait un participant de la situation actuelle et pour prédire la capacité à répondre efficacement aux menaces et aux opportunités.L'analyse des enregistrements montre comment le regard, la posture du corps et les caractéristiques émotionnelles peuvent être utilisés pour capturer et modéliser la conscience de la situation.Cette expérience a validé l'utilisation de notre équipement comme outil général et reproductible pour l'étude des participants engagés dans une interaction sur écran impliquant la résolution de problèmes et a suggéré des améliorations possibles pour de futures expériences.Ces premières expériences ont révélé une observation inattendue de changements rapides dans les émotions des joueurs qui tentent de résoudre des problèmes difficiles.Les tentatives d'explication de cette observation nous ont amenés à explorer le rôle de l'émotion dans le raisonnement lors de la résolution de problèmes.Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous passons en revue la littérature sur les émotions et proposons un modèle cognitif qui décrit comment les émotions influencent le processus par lequel les sujets sélectionnent des éléments cognitives (concepts) à utiliser dans l'interprétation d'une situation de jeu.En particulier, il est bien connu que la résolution de problèmes est fortement contrainte par les limites du nombre de phénomènes qui peuvent être considérés à la fois.Pour surmonter cette limite, les experts humains s'appuient sur l'abstraction pour former de nouveaux concepts à partir de phénomènes émotionnellement marqués.Nos expériences indiquent que l'émotion joue un rôle important, non seulement dans la formation des concepts mais aussi dans la sélection de ceux-ci dans le raisonnement.Nous émettons l'hypothèse que les experts conservent les associations de concepts et d'émotions dans la mémoire à long terme et les utilisent pour guider la sélection des concepts pour le raisonnement.Ce point de vue est conforme à l'hypothèse du marqueur somatique de Damasio (de 1991), qui avance que les émotions guident le comportement, en particulier lorsque les processus cognitifs sont surchargés.Nous présentons les premiers résultats d'une expérience conçue pour explorer la fidélité de notre modèle et pour rechercher des preuves du rôle des émotions dans la résolution des problèmes.Notre modèle suggère qu'une association des émotions avec des situations reconnues guide les experts dans leur sélection de configurations de jeu partielles à utiliser pour explorer l'arbre de jeu
In this thesis, we are concerned with enabling technologies for collaborative intelligent systems.Effective collaboration requires that both the human and the computer share an understanding of their respective roles and abilities.In particular, it requires an ability to monitor the intentions and awareness of the partner in order to determine appropriate actions and behaviors.Cognitive science has much to offer in such an effort.In recent decades, researchers in cognitive science have developed theories and models that describe human abilities for attention, awareness, understanding, and problem-solving.In this thesis, we explore how such theories can inform informatics to enable technologies for Collaborative Artificial Intelligence.In particular, we use observations of humans with different levels of expertise engaged in solving classic chess problems to explore the effectiveness of models for visual attention, awareness, understanding, and problem-solving.We have constructed an instrument for capturing and interpreting multimodal signals of humans engaged in solving problems using off-the-shelf commercially available components combined with in-house software.Our instrument makes it possible to record body posture, gestures, facial expressions, pupil dilation, eye-scan, and fixation, as well as player interactions with the chess problem.When combined with self-reports, these recordings make it possible to construct computer models for the awareness and understanding of the game situation during problem-solving using concepts and models from cognitive science literature.As a first experiment, chess players were recorded while engaged in problems of increasing difficulty.These recordings were used to estimate a participant’s awareness of the current situation and to predict the ability to respond effectively to threats and opportunities.Analysis of the recordings demonstrates how eye-gaze, body posture, and emotional features can be used to capture and model situation awareness.This experiment validated the use of our equipment as a general and reproducible tool for the study of participants engaged in screen-based interaction involving problem-solving and suggested improvements that were possible for future experiments.These initial experiments revealed an unexpected observation of rapid changes in emotion as players attempt to solve challenging problems.Attempts to explain this observation have led us to explore the role of emotion in reasoning during problem-solving.In the second part of the thesis, we review the literature on emotion and propose a cognitive model that describes how emotions influence the process by which subjects select chunks (concepts) for use in interpretation of a game situation.In particular, it is well known that problem-solving is strongly constrained by limits on the number of phenomena that can be considered at a time.To overcome this limit, human experts rely on abstraction to form new concepts (chunks) from emotionally salient phenomena.Our experiments indicate that emotion plays an important role, not only in the formation of concepts but also in the selection of concepts to use in reasoning.We hypothesize that expert players retain associations of concept with emotions in long-term memory and use these to guide the selection of concepts for reasoning.This view is in accordance with Damasio's Somatic Marker hypothesis (from 1991), which posits that emotions guide behavior, particularly when cognitive processes are overloaded.We present initial results from a follow-on experiment designed to explore the fidelity of our model and to search for evidence of the role of emotion in solving problems.Our model suggests that an association of emotions with recognized situations guides experts in their selection of partial game configurations for use in exploring the game tree

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Dang, Hieu. "Adaptive multiobjective memetic optimization: algorithms and applications." Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30856.

Full text

Abstract:

The thesis presents research on multiobjective optimization based on memetic computing and its applications in engineering. We have introduced a framework for adaptive multiobjective memetic optimization algorithms (AMMOA) with an information theoretic criterion for guiding the selection, clustering, and local refinements. A robust stopping criterion for AMMOA has also been introduced to solve non-linear and large-scale optimization problems. The framework has been implemented for different benchmark test problems with remarkable results. This thesis also presents two applications of these algorithms. First, an optimal image data hiding technique has been formulated as a multiobjective optimization problem with conflicting objectives. In particular, trade-off factors in designing an optimal image data hiding are investigated to maximize the quality of watermarked images and the robustness of watermark. With the fixed size of a logo watermark, there is a conflict between these two objectives, thus a multiobjective optimization problem is introduced. We propose to use a hybrid between general regression neural networks (GRNN) and the adaptive multiobjective memetic optimization algorithm (AMMOA) to solve this challenging problem. This novel image data hiding approach has been implemented for many different test natural images with remarkable robustness and transparency of the embedded logo watermark. We also introduce a perceptual measure based on the relative Rényi information spectrum to evaluate the quality of watermarked images. The second application is the problem of joint spectrum sensing and power control optimization for a multichannel, multiple-user cognitive radio network. We investigated trade-off factors in designing efficient spectrum sensing techniques to maximize the throughput and minimize the interference. To maximize the throughput of secondary users and minimize the interference to primary users, we propose a joint determination of the sensing and transmission parameters of the secondary users, such as sensing times, decision threshold vectors, and power allocation vectors. There is a conflict between these two objectives, thus a multiobjective optimization problem is used again in the form of AMMOA. This algorithm learns to find optimal spectrum sensing times, decision threshold vectors, and power allocation vectors to maximize the averaged opportunistic throughput and minimize the averaged interference to the cognitive radio network.
February 2016

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Oliveira, Filho Jorge Lima de 1979. "Uma arquitetura para gerência de mobilidade cognitiva em redes sem fio heterogêneas." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275635.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Edmundo Roberto Mauro Madeira
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T07:19:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OliveiraFilho_JorgeLimade_D.pdf: 4901235 bytes, checksum: e6b9bb2a16e6d8b4b4cac7d26265847a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Atualmente há uma necessidade das pessoas estarem conectadas a todo o momento e em qualquer lugar utilizando seus MNs (Mobile Nodes) para realizarem suas tarefas. É desejável uma Internet disponível a todo instante. Porém, a integração das redes sem fio de tecnologias diferentes apresenta vários desafios, como por exemplo, manter a continuidade dos serviços que rodam no MN quando há uma troca de rede. Percebendo a demanda crescente por mobilidade e de uma necessidade de uma Internet ubíqua, o IEEE padronizou um conjunto de serviços e protocolos com o intuito de integrar as redes de diferentes tecnologias denominadas IEEE 802.21. Entretanto, não fazem parte do padrão alguns mecanismos necessários para suportar mobilidade nas redes heterogêneas, como por exemplo, o algoritmo de decisão para a escolha da rede e o mecanismo de gerência de handover. Além disso, a demanda por mobilidade exige um mecanismo de gerência diferenciado devido à heterogeneidade dos elementos e a dinâmica do ambiente das redes sem fio heterogêneas. Para lidar com esses desafios, este trabalho apresenta uma arquitetura de gerência de mobilidade cognitiva para redes sem fio heterogêneas. Essa arquitetura é baseada no IEEE 802.21 e é capaz de integrar diversas redes com tecnologias diferentes e de suportar mobilidade mantendo a continuidade dos serviços quando o MN troca de uma rede para outra. Foi desenvolvido para esta arquitetura um algoritmo cognitivo de decisão de handover que seleciona as redes baseado nas experiências prévias dos MNs. Esse algoritmo utiliza como métrica de decisão as perdas dos fluxos TCP configurados nos MNs. O módulo cognitivo embutido na arquitetura foi uma evolução do resultado de pesquisa da nossa proposta de um algoritmo cognitivo para reconfiguração dos parâmetros do IEEE 802.11, denominado CogMAC. O CogMAC é uma proposta descentralizada, ou seja, os MNs que o implementam não possuem uma visão total da rede, cada MN individualmente é capaz de monitorar o desempenho e reconfigurar os parâmetros da subcamada MAC para evitar degradação do desempenho devido a mudanças nas condições da rede. O CogMAC é avaliado através de simulações e de um testbed real e os resultados comparados confirmam sua eficácia. Já a arquitetura de gerência cognitiva é avaliada através de simulações, e os resultados são comparados com o algoritmo que prioriza a conexão das redes WiFi. Os resultados obtidos confirmam também o bom desempenho da arquitetura proposta
Abstract: The mobile nodes (MNs) have become popular nowadays, the rapid increase in the use of wireless technologies has changed the behavior of individuals and businesses in the way they communicate. Currently, there is a demand for people to be connected all time and everywhere by using their MNs to perform their tasks. It is desirable to have a ubiquitous Internet, available at any moment and everywhere. However, the integration of heterogeneous wireless networks introduces several challenges. One of the most challenging issues is service continuity during handovers. As a result of the high demand for mobility, IEEE has created a set of services and protocols in order to integrate heterogeneous networks, called IEEE 802.21. However, there are no mechanisms in the standard in order to support mobility in heterogeneous networks, such as decision algorithms and mechanisms to perform the handover. Moreover, the mobility demand requires a special management mechanism due to the elements' diversity and the dynamic environment of the heterogeneous wireless networks. In order to tackle these challenges, this work presents cognitive mobility management architecture for heterogeneous wireless networks. This architecture is based on the IEEE 802.21 and is able to integrate different networks with different technologies and supporting mobility while maintaining service continuity when the MN performs a handover. A handover decision algorithm was developed for this architecture to select networks based on the previous experiences of MNs. This algorithm uses as decision metric the TCP loss in the MNs. The cognitive module in the architecture is an evolution of research results of our proposed algorithm for reconfiguration of cognitive parameters of the IEEE 802.11, called CogMAC. The CogMAC is a completely distributed proposal capable to monitor the MAC layer performance and react to changes to avoid performance degradation. The CogMAC is evaluated by simulations and real testbed and the results are compared with the first-WiFi algorithm. This algorithm prioritizes the connection of WiFi networks. The results also confirm the good performance of the proposed architecture
Doutorado
Ciência da Computação
Doutor em Ciência da Computação

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Chetsumon, Sireerat. "Attitudes of extension agents towards expert systems as decision support tools in Thailand." Lincoln University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1371.

Full text

Abstract:

It has been suggested 'expert systems' might have a significant role in the future through enabling many more people to access human experts. It is, therefore, important to understand how potential users interact with these computer systems. This study investigates the effect of extension agents' attitudes towards the features and use of an example expert system for rice disease diagnosis and management(POSOP). It also considers the effect of extension agents' personality traits and intelligence on their attitudes towards its use, and the agents' perception of control over using it. Answers to these questions lead to developing better systems and to increasing their adoption. Using structural equation modelling, two models - the extension agents' perceived usefulness of POSOP, and their attitude towards the use of POSOP, were developed (Models ATU and ATP). Two of POSOP's features (its value as a decision support tool, and its user interface), two personality traits (Openness (0) and Extraversion (E)), and the agents' intelligence, proved to be significant, and were evaluated. The agents' attitude towards POSOP's value had a substantial impact on their perceived usefulness and their attitude towards using it, and thus their intention to use POSOP. Their attitude towards POSOP's user interface also had an impact on their attitude towards its perceived usefulness, but had no impact on their attitude towards using it. However, the user interface did contribute to its value. In Model ATU, neither Openness (0) nor Extraversion (E) had an impact on the agents' perceived usefulness indicating POSOP was considered useful regardless of the agents' personality background. However, Extraversion (E) had a negative impact on their intention to use POSOP in Model ATP indicating that 'introverted' agents had a clear intention to use POSOP relative to the 'extroverted' agents. Extension agents' intelligence, in terms of their GPA, had neither an impact on their attitude, nor their subjective norm (expectation of 'others' beliefs), to the use of POSOP. It also had no association with any of the variables in both models. Both models explain and predict that it is likely that the agents will use POSOP. However, the availability of computers, particularly their capacity, are likely to impede its use. Although the agents believed using POSOP would not be difficult, they still believed training would be beneficial. To be a useful decision support tool, the expert system's value and user interface as well as its usefulness and ease of use, are all crucially important to the preliminary acceptance of a system. Most importantly, the users' problems and needs should be assessed and taken into account as a first priority in developing an expert system. Furthermore, the users should be involved in the system development. The results emphasise that the use of an expert system is not only determined by the system's value and its user interface, but also the agents' perceived usefulness, and their attitude towards using it. In addition, the agents' perception of control over using it is also a significant factor. The results suggested improvements to the system's value and its user interface would increase its potential use, and also providing suitable computers, coupled with training, would encourage its use.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Berger, Tony, and Carl Törnqvist. "EmoWheel : En metodutveckling för utvärdering av emotionellt engagemang." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Communication, Media and it, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3185.

Full text

Abstract:

This is a study of how emotional engagement can be measured and be taken into account in the development of websites. We believe that emotions become relevant only when viewed in correlation to how users experiencing a webpage. In this study, we developed a tool for use together with user tests where the information about the user's emotional engagement can add new value to the evaluation. The tool allows the user to mark, on the website, his/her emotions and level of engagement represented by colored circles, generating quantiative data on how users feel about the website. The tool is part of a method for evaluating the emotional engagement that we have developed which consists of user testing supported by the tool and accompanied by interviews.

Detta är en studie och metodutveckling i hur emotionellt engagemang kan mätas och således tas till vara på i utvecklingen av webbplatser. Vi anser att känslor blir väsentliga först när de sätts i korrelation till hur användare i övrigt upplever en webbsida. I denna studie utvecklades ett verktyg avsett att användas i samband med användartester där information om användarens känslor och engagemang kan tillföra ett mervärde till användartestet. Verktyget låter användaren sätta ut markörer för känslor och engagemang representerade av färgcirklar på webbsidan vilket genererar kvantitativ data för hur användare känner inför webbplatsen och interaktionen med den. Verktyget är en del av den metod för utvärdering av emotionellt engagemang som vi utvecklat vilket består av användartester stödda av verktyget vilket följs upp av intervjuer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Lima, Arthur Diego de Lira. "Arquiteturas eficientes para sensoriamento espectral e classifica??o autom?tica de modula??es usando caracter?sticas cicloestacion?rias." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15505.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArthurDLL_DISSERT.pdf: 2517302 bytes, checksum: c3d693c770dc1c58bad5f378aba6d268 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-28
The increasing demand for high performance wireless communication systems has shown the inefficiency of the current model of fixed allocation of the radio spectrum. In this context, cognitive radio appears as a more efficient alternative, by providing opportunistic spectrum access, with the maximum bandwidth possible. To ensure these requirements, it is necessary that the transmitter identify opportunities for transmission and the receiver recognizes the parameters defined for the communication signal. The techniques that use cyclostationary analysis can be applied to problems in either spectrum sensing and modulation classification, even in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environments. However, despite the robustness, one of the main disadvantages of cyclostationarity is the high computational cost for calculating its functions. This work proposes efficient architectures for obtaining cyclostationary features to be employed in either spectrum sensing and automatic modulation classification (AMC). In the context of spectrum sensing, a parallelized algorithm for extracting cyclostationary features of communication signals is presented. The performance of this features extractor parallelization is evaluated by speedup and parallel eficiency metrics. The architecture for spectrum sensing is analyzed for several configuration of false alarm probability, SNR levels and observation time for BPSK and QPSK modulations. In the context of AMC, the reduced alpha-profile is proposed as as a cyclostationary signature calculated for a reduced cyclic frequencies set. This signature is validated by a modulation classification architecture based on pattern matching. The architecture for AMC is investigated for correct classification rates of AM, BPSK, QPSK, MSK and FSK modulations, considering several scenarios of observation length and SNR levels. The numerical results of performance obtained in this work show the eficiency of the proposed architectures
O aumento da demanda por sistemas de comunica??o sem fio de alto desempenho tem evidenciado a inefici?ncia do atual modelo de aloca??o fixa do espectro de r?dio. Nesse contexto, o r?dio cognitivo surge como uma alternativa mais eficiente, ao proporcionar o acesso oportunista ao espectro, com a maior largura de banda poss?vel. Para garantir esses requisitos, ? necess?rio que o transmissor identifique as oportunidades de transmiss?o e que o receptor reconhe?a os par?metros definidos para o sinal de comunica??o. As t?cnicas que utilizam a an?lise cicloestacion?ria podem ser aplicadas tanto em problemas de sensoriamento espectral, quanto na classifica??o de modula??es, mesmo em ambientes de baixa rela??o sinal-ru?do (SNR). Entretanto, apesar da robustez, uma das principais desvantagens da cicloestacionariedade est? no elevado custo computacional para o c?lculo das suas fun??es. Este trabalho prop?e arquiteturas eficientes de obten??o de caracter?sticas cicloestacion?rias para serem empregadas no sensoriamento espectral e na classifica??o autom?tica de modula??es (AMC). No contexto do sensoriamento espectral, um algoritmo paralelizado para extrair as caracter?sticas cicloestacion?rias de sinais de comunica??o ? apresentado. O desempenho da paraleliza??o desse extrator de caracter?sticas ? avaliado atrav?s das m?tricas de speedup e efici?ncia paralela. A arquitetura de sensoriamento espectral ? analisada para diversas configura??es de probabilidades de falso alarme, n?veis de SNR e tempo de observa??o das modula??es BPSK e QPSK. No contexto da AMC, o perfil-alfa reduzido ? proposto como uma assinatura cicloestacion?ria calculada para um conjunto reduzido de frequ?ncia c?clicas. Essa assinatura ? validada por meio de uma arquitetura de classifica??o baseada no casamento de padr?es. A arquitetura para AMC ? investigada para as taxas de acerto obtidas para as modula??es AM, BPSK, QPSK, MSK e FSK, considerando diversos cen?rios de tempo de observa??o e n?veis de SNR. Os resultados num?ricos de desempenho obtidos neste trabalho demonstram a efici?ncia das arquiteturas propostas

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Eyzaguirre, Alberca Eduardo Bismark, and Roman Claudia Carolina Placencia. "Modelo de implementación de tecnología cognitiva sobre intereses de consumo para el sector bancario en Cloud Computing." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/623030.

Full text

Abstract:

Brindar un análisis del perfil de los clientes que otorgue facilidad al sector bancario al aplicar estrategias comerciales en un mercado dominado por continuos cambios del consumidor, haciendo uso de Análisis cognitivo por medio de los servicios brindados por una plataforma de servicios(PaaS).
Analysis that facilitates the application of commercial strategies in a market dominated by continuous changes in consumers by using Cognitive Analysis through the services given by a Platform as a Service (PaaS).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cognitive Computing'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles