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Journal articles on the topic 'Cognitive illusions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Tranum, Diane, and Anthony F. Grasha. "Susceptibility to Illusions and Cognitive Style: Implications for Pharmacy Dispensing." Perceptual and Motor Skills 95, no. 3_suppl (2002): 1063–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.95.3f.1063.

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Response distributions for five cognitive illusions and one visual illusion were examined in two samples, college students ( n = 134) and pharmacists ( n = 51). These illusions were selected for study on the basis of pharmacists' judgments about associations of illusions to common dispensing errors. Participants were categorized as Illusion-prone or Illusion-resistant, and distributions of such tendencies for the six stimuli used varied within samples. Significant differences between the two samples on illusion-proneness and resistance were observed for the “Moses' Ark” and “Fcount” illusions.

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2

Gosselin, Frédéric, and Claude Lamontagne. "Motion-Blur Illusions." Perception 26, no. 7 (1997): 847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p260847.

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The still-radii illusion, the figure-of-eight illusion, the band-of-heightened-intensity illusion and the dark-blurred-concentric-circles illusion have remained, until now, isolated relatively ill-explained phenomena. A single algorithmic model is proposed which explains these four visual illusions. In fact, this model predicts phenomena produced by motion of any gray-shaded patterns relative to the eyes (termed ‘motion-blur illusions’). Results of a computer simulation of the model are presented. A novel instance of the proposed class of illusions, which can be readily experienced by the read

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3

Agostini, Tiziano, and Riccardo Luccio. "Müller-Lyer Illusion and Perception of Numerosity." Perceptual and Motor Skills 78, no. 3 (1994): 937–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003151259407800347.

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Illusion of numerosity can be observed in many of the classical illusions of linear extent by replacing the uninterrupted lines with rows of dots. Using the method of constant stimuli both length and numerosity illusions move in the same direction, whereas using a magnitude-estimation method the two illusions move in opposite directions. Two experiments show that this inversion occurs also in the Müller-Lyer illusion.

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4

Kreutzer, Sylvia, Ralph Weidner, and Gereon R. Fink. "Rescaling Retinal Size into Perceived Size: Evidence for an Occipital and Parietal Bottleneck." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 27, no. 7 (2015): 1334–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00784.

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The spatial and temporal context of an object influence its perceived size. Two visual illusions illustrate this nicely: the size adaptation effect and the Ebbinghaus illusion. Whereas size adaptation affects size rescaling of a target circle via a previously presented, differently sized adaptor circle, the Ebbinghaus illusion alters perceived size by virtue of surrounding circles. In the classical Ebbinghaus setting, the surrounding circles are shown simultaneously with the target. However, size underestimation persists when the surrounding circles precede the target. Such a temporal separati

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5

Billino, Jutta, Kai Hamburger, and Karl R. Gegenfurtner. "Age Effects on the Perception of Motion Illusions." Perception 38, no. 4 (2009): 508–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p5886.

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Anomalous motion illusions represent a popular class of illusions and several studies have made an effort to explain their perception. However, understanding is still inconsistent. Age-related differences in susceptibility to illusory motion may contribute to further clarification of the underlying processing mechanisms. We investigated the effect of age on the perception of four different anomalous motion illusions. The Enigma illusion, the Rotating-Snakes illusion, the Pinna illusion, and the Rotating-Tilted-Lines illusion were tested on a total of one hundred and thirty-nine participants co

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6

Wiseman, Richard, and Will Houstoun. "Impossible Movement Illusions." i-Perception 9, no. 6 (2018): 204166951881610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669518816106.

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Past research has used the phi phenomenon to create the illusion of one object moving through another. This article presents three optical illusions that are conceptually similar, yet little known within academic psychology. Two of the illusions have been developed within the magic community and involve the performer appearing to make a finger jump from one hand to another and a cup penetrate through another cup. The article explores the factors underpinning these illusions and describes how these factors were used to enhance a similar illusion developed outside of magic (the penetration of on

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Schnell, Alexandra K., Maria Loconsole, Elias Garcia-Pelegrin, Clive Wilkins, and Nicola S. Clayton. "Jays are sensitive to cognitive illusions." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 8 (2021): 202358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.202358.

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Jays hide food caches, steal them from conspecifics and use tactics to minimize cache theft. Jays are sensitive to the content of their own caches, retrieving items depending on their preferences and the perishability of the cached item. Whether jays impose the same content sensitivity when they steal caches is less clear. We adapted the ‘cups-and-balls’ magic routine, creating a cognitive illusion to test whether jays are sensitive to the (i) content of hidden items and (ii) type of displacement. Subjects were presented with two conditions in which hidden food was consistent with their expect

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8

Woodhouse, J. Margaret, and Steve Taylor. "Further Studies of the Café Wall and Hollow Squares Illusions." Perception 16, no. 4 (1987): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p160467.

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The effect of varying the contrast on the apparent convergence is measured for both the Café Wall and the Hollow Squares (Taylor—Woodhouse) illusions. The apparent convergence is dependent on the contrast, and also on the size of the stimulus, and varies in the same way for both illusions. This strengthens the argument that the illusions are not independent, as Taylor and Woodhouse originally claimed. McCourt has discussed brightness induction as a basis of the Café Wall illusion. Consideration of this theory leads to some interesting examples of interactions of the two illusions, and to a fur

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9

Dèttore, Davide, and Kieron O’Connor. "OCD and Cognitive Illusions." Cognitive Therapy and Research 37, no. 1 (2012): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-012-9440-0.

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10

Poom, Leo. "Influences of orientation on the Ponzo, contrast, and Craik-O’Brien-Cornsweet illusions." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 82, no. 4 (2019): 1896–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-019-01953-8.

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AbstractExplanations of the Ponzo size illusion, the simultaneous contrast illusion, and the Craik-O’Brien-Cornsweet brightness illusions involve either stimulus-driven processes (assimilation, enhanced contrast, and anchoring) or prior experiences. Real-world up-down asymmetries for typical direction of illumination and ground planes in our physical environment should influence these illusions if they are experience based, but not if they are stimulus driven. Results presented here demonstrate differences in illusion strengths between upright and inverted versions of all three illusions. A le

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11

Anstis, Stuart. "Motion Aftereffects From Moving Illusions." i-Perception 9, no. 6 (2018): 204166951881130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669518811305.

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Lines in the café wall illusion, and motion trajectories in the furrow illusion, appear to be tilted away from their true orientations. We adapted to moving versions of both illusions and found that the resulting motion aftereffects were appropriate to their perceptual, not their physical, orientations.

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12

Jaeger, Ted. "The Type I/Type II Perceptual Dichotomy: A Reanalysis for the Illusions of Extent." Perceptual and Motor Skills 65, no. 3 (1987): 751–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.65.3.751.

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The categorization of geometrical illusions of extent as Type I or Type II phenomena based on variation in magnitude with age is critically examined. Methodological shortcomings and the failure of contemporary findings to show matching age trends for components of a single illusion are presented as factors undermining the usefulness of this perceptual dichotomy. Finally, it is shown that a new Type I/Type II dichotomy based on changes in perceived size rather than amount of illusion indicates a developmental commonality among most of the illusions of extent.

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13

Fischer, Burkhart, Osvaldo da Pos, and Frank Stürzel. "Illusory Illusions: The Significance of Fixation on the Perception of Geometrical Illusions." Perception 32, no. 8 (2003): 1001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p5103.

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Some well-known geometrical illusions disappear when the eyes are fixating and saccades are suppressed for a period of time. This disappearance is not accompanied by fading due to stabilisation of the retinal image. Any saccade made on purpose restores the illusion immediately. The fixation time after which some illusions disappeared was measured for four illusions and four subjects each. Effects of practice have been observed after measurements were repeated on successive days. Present theories of vision cannot readily explain the effect.

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14

Parlangeli, Oronzo, and Sergio Roncato. "The Global Figural Characteristics in the Zöllner Illusion." Perception 24, no. 5 (1995): 501–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p240501.

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The Zöllner illusion has been accounted for in terms of local interactions between the vertical lines and the crossing segments. Recently, however, some evidence supporting the importance of global figural characteristics—ie of figural elements that are not directly interacting with the test lines—in the occurrence of orientation illusions has been reported. Three experiments have been conducted with parts of the Zöllner figure to test whether this illusion is affected by the global figural characteristics. The results indicate that, similarly to what has been observed for other orientation il

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15

Anstis, Stuart, and Patrick Cavanagh. "Flashed Müller-Lyer and Poggendorff Virtual Illusions." i-Perception 12, no. 3 (2021): 204166952110156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20416695211015699.

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A moving frame can dramatically displace the perceived location of stimuli flashed before and after the motion. Here, we use a moving frame to rearrange flashed elements into the form of classic illusions. Without the moving frame, the initial arrangement of the flashed elements has no illusory effect. The question is whether the frame-induced displacement of position precedes or follows the processes underlying the illusions. This illusory offset of flashed chevrons does generate a Müller-Lyer illusion and the illusory offset of two line segments does create a Poggendorff illusion. We conclud

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16

Taylor, Crystal Marie. "Visual and Haptic Perception of the Horizontal-Vertical Illusion." Perceptual and Motor Skills 92, no. 1 (2001): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2001.92.1.167.

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The horizontal-vertical illusion consists of two lines of the same length (one horizontal and the other vertical) at a 90° angle from one another forming either an inverted-T or an L-shape. The illusion occurs when the length of a vertical line is perceived as longer than the horizontal line even though they are the same physical length. The illusion has been shown both visually and haptically. The present purpose was to assess differences between the visual or haptic perception of the illusions and also whether differences occur between the inverted-T and the L-shape illusions. The current st

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17

Kahneman, Daniel, and Maya Bar-Hillel. "Comment: Laplace and Cognitive Illusions." Statistical Science 35, no. 2 (2020): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/19-sts750.

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18

Wetzel, Jacob M., Karen S. Quigley, Jill Morell, Elizabeth Eves, and Richard W. Backs. "Cardiovascular Measures of Attention to Illusory and Nonillusory Visual Stimuli." Journal of Psychophysiology 20, no. 4 (2006): 276–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803.20.4.276.

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This study was an extension of the Berntson, Cacioppo, and Fieldstone (1996) study that found that attending to visual illusions presented with text (usually a question directing attention to the illusory property) lengthened heart period via uncoupled vagal activation. Eighty participants were assigned to one of four groups that received either the original Berntson et al. illusions or a modification formed by the factorial combination of whether the illusion and its related text were present or absent. Participants also performed the same serial-subtraction mental-arithmetic task from Bernts

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19

Hotopf, W. H. N. "Illusions about the Poggendorff illusion: Comment on Poulton’s “Geometric illusions in reading graphs”." Perception & Psychophysics 39, no. 2 (1986): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03211497.

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20

Blanco, Fernando, and Helena Matute. "Exploring the Factors That Encourage the Illusions of Control." Experimental Psychology 62, no. 2 (2015): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000280.

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Most previous research on illusions of control focused on generative scenarios, in which participants’ actions aim to produce a desired outcome. By contrast, the illusions that may appear in preventive scenarios, in which actions aim to prevent an undesired outcome before it occurs, are less known. In this experiment, we studied two variables that modulate generative illusions of control, the probability with which the action takes place, P(A), and the probability of the outcome, P(O), in two different scenarios: generative and preventive. We found that P(O) affects the illusion in symmetrical

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21

Leivada, Evelina. "Language Processing at Its Trickiest: Grammatical Illusions and Heuristics of Judgment." Languages 5, no. 3 (2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages5030029.

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Humans are intuitively good at providing judgments about what forms part of their native language and what does not. Although such judgments are robust, consistent, and reliable, human cognition is demonstrably fallible to illusions of various types. Language is no exception. In the linguistic domain, several types of sentences have been shown to trick the parser into giving them a high acceptability judgment despite their ill-formedness. One example is the so-called comparative illusion (‘More people have been to Tromsø than I have’). To this day, comparative illusions have been tested mainly

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22

Karlovich, Michael W., and Pascal Wallisch. "Scintillating Starbursts: Concentric Star Polygons Induce Illusory Ray Patterns." i-Perception 12, no. 3 (2021): 204166952110187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20416695211018720.

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Here, we introduce and explore Scintillating Starbursts, a stimulus type made up of concentric star polygons that induce illusory scintillating rays or beams. We test experimentally which factors, such as contrast and number of vertices, modulate how observers experience this stimulus class. We explain how the illusion arises from the interplay of known visual processes, specifically central versus peripheral vision, and interpret the phenomenology evoked by these patterns. We discuss how Starbursts differ from similar and related visual illusions such as illusory contours, grid illusions such

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23

Haig, Nigel D. "A New Visual Illusion, and its Mechanism." Perception 18, no. 3 (1989): 333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p180333.

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A new visual illusion is reported, in which a sine-wave grating appears to tilt when doubly sheared perpendicularly to the grating lines. It is shown that the illusory percept is related to the Münsterberg and Café Wall illusions. The probable mechanism at the root of all such illusions is postulated by reference to the neuroarchitecture of the retina and striate cortex.

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24

Jaeger, Ted. "Note on the Ontogeny of Assimilative Illusions: A Reply to Pressey (1987)." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 1 (1994): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.1.531.

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It is argued that a previous study showing the parallel lines illusion is stronger in adulthood than in adolescence or old age is methodologically sound. Further, this finding does not necessitate a defense of assimilation theory based on epistemology that links the phenomenal properties of illusions to the techniques of measurement. Rather, it is suggested that Pressey's 1974 and 1987 hypothesis that all illusions of assimilation decline from childhood to adulthood mistakenly extends the decrement into adulthood when in fact the decrement occurs only between the ages of 6 and 10 years.

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25

Brosvic, Gary M., Nancy A. Civale, Patricia Long, et al. "Signal-Detection Analysis of the Müller-Lyer and the Horizontal-Vertical Illusions." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 3 (1994): 1299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.3.1299.

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Perceptual error in the Müller-Lyer and the Horizontal-Vertical illusions was quantified using nonparametric signal-detection measures of sensitivity and response bias. Sensitivity scores were positively related to signal strength with the greatest values observed for the strongest signals. Sensitivity at each signal strength did not differ between the two illusions. Response-bias scores were inversely related to signal strength, with the most conservative biases observed for the strongest signals. Response biases for each signal strength were significantly more conservative for the Horizontal

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Jaeger, Ted, and Stephen Long. "Effects of Contour Proximity and Lightness on Delboeuf Illusions Created by Circumscribed Letters." Perceptual and Motor Skills 105, no. 1 (2007): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.105.1.253-260.

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32 observers judged the size of a letter, either an “A” or an “S,” which was surrounded by a circle. Both letters were overestimated, but larger surrounding circles reduced the illusion. Decreasing the lightness contrast of the surrounding circle relative to the central letter diminished the illusion. The results suggest that, like the Delboeuf illusion, these circumscribed letters illusions are produced by interactions among size-coding neurons.

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27

Predebon, John. "The Effect of Line-Figure Information on the Magnitude of the Dot Forms of the Poggendorff and Müller-Lyer Illusions." Perception 15, no. 4 (1986): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p150483.

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The magnitudes of the dot and line forms of the Poggendorff illusion and the Brentano version of the Müller-Lyer illusion were assessed in two groups of subjects: the informed group was given information about the implied figure configuration in the dot pattern, the uninformed group was not. The informed group produced a significantly greater dot illusion than the uninformed group, and there was no difference between the two groups in the magnitudes of the line illusions. The experiments are discussed in the context of Coren and Porac's proposal that illusion-inducing mechanisms can be divided

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Yazdanbakhsh, Arash, Ehsan Arabzadeh, Baktash Babadi, and Arash Fazl. "Munker–White-Like Illusions without T-Junctions." Perception 31, no. 6 (2002): 711–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p3348.

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Some interpretations of the Munker–White illusion were evaluated by designing new versions of this illusion devoid of T-junctions (Munker–White-like images). The magnitudes of both Munker–White and Munker–White-like illusions were then quantified by using a brightness-matching technique. The results showed the effect to persist in all proposed versions. Since the illusion still remains despite the absence of explicit T-junctions and any explanation considering transparency, mechanisms other than those proposed by these interpretations must be responsible.

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29

Wenderoth, Peter, Rick van der Zwan, and Syren Johnstone. "Orientation Illusions Induced by Briefly Flashed Plaids." Perception 18, no. 6 (1989): 715–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p180715.

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Orientation illusions which occur when a vertical grating is surrounded by a plaid can be induced either by one of the plaid's orthogonal component gratings or by a virtual axis of symmetry of the plaid, whichever is nearest vertical. In six experiments in which such illusion displays were flashed for durations between 15 and 405 ms, it was found that when these two-dimensional illusions are induced by a component grating (direct effects) the illusions increase monotonically as duration decreases, from 1°–2° to about 6°–7°, over this range. Effects induced by axes of symmetry (indirect effects

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30

Borţun, Dumitru. "Ideological Illusions and their Cognitive Sources." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 149 (September 2014): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.08.171.

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31

Nicholls, Neville. "Cognitive Illusions, Heuristics, and Climate Prediction." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 80, no. 7 (1999): 1385–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080<1385:cihacp>2.0.co;2.

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32

Deng, Isaiah. "Cognitive Framing Illusions and Consumer Rationality." Open Management Journal 4, no. 1 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874948801104010001.

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33

Kahneman, Daniel, and Amos Tversky. "On the reality of cognitive illusions." Psychological Review 103, no. 3 (1996): 582–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.103.3.582.

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34

Bressan, Paola. "Vicario's Illusion of Sloping Steps Reexamined." Perception 16, no. 5 (1987): 671–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p160671.

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If a few parallel horizontal rows of dots are set diagonally, like steps, across the visual field, the inner rows appear not to be horizontal but sloping up to one side; the effect holds as long as the vertical distances between the rows do not exceed a given visual angle. This illusion, described by Vicario in 1978, was never explained. An experiment is reported in which the illusion was still visible at row separations well in excess of the spatial limits originally considered, provided the stimulus elements were enlarged. The maximum illusion was obtained for length ratios (interrow distanc

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35

Borkent, Mike. "Illusions of simplicity." English Text Construction 3, no. 2 (2010): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/etc.3.2.02bor.

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Visual poems employ the materiality of language (such as letter- and word-forms and page layouts), to help develop their meanings, thereby synthesizing visual and verbal cues. To discuss this multimodal genre, I posit a framework based on cognitive research of fictive motion, frames, simulation, and blending. I apply this framework to two works by Canadian poet bpNichol to illustrate some of the central cognitive processes and connections required to synthesize and understand them, something previous theoretical positions have struggled with. My analysis illustrates that these apparently simpl

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Howard, Scarlett R., Aurore Avarguès-Weber, Jair E. Garcia, Devi Stuart-Fox, and Adrian G. Dyer. "Perception of contextual size illusions by honeybees in restricted and unrestricted viewing conditions." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1867 (2017): 20172278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2278.

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How different visual systems process images and make perceptual errors can inform us about cognitive and visual processes. One of the strongest geometric errors in perception is a misperception of size depending on the size of surrounding objects, known as the Ebbinghaus or Titchener illusion. The ability to perceive the Ebbinghaus illusion appears to vary dramatically among vertebrate species, and even populations, but this may depend on whether the viewing distance is restricted. We tested whether honeybees perceive contextual size illusions, and whether errors in perception of size differed

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Leivada, Evelina, Natalia Mitrofanova, and Marit Westergaard. "Bilinguals are better than monolinguals in detecting manipulative discourse." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (2021): e0256173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256173.

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One of the most contentious topics in cognitive science concerns the impact of bilingualism on cognitive functions and neural resources. Research on executive functions has shown that bilinguals often perform better than monolinguals in tasks that require monitoring and inhibiting automatic responses. The robustness of this effect is a matter of an ongoing debate, with both sides approaching bilingual cognition mainly through measuring abilities that fall outside the core domain of language processing. However, the mental juggling that bilinguals perform daily involves language. This study tak

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Vincze, János. "Money Illusion: Reconsidered in the Light of Cognitive Science." Acta Oeconomica 69, no. 2 (2019): 191–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2019.69.2.3.

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A basic principle of economics is that people always prefer a larger set of opportunities. Money illusion can be considered as the phenomenon when people may not correctly perceive their budget constraints, and may act in ways that run counter to this preference. In this interpretation, money illusion is a cognitive bias, worthwhile to overcome. Herein I argue that taking a view of human decision-making based on certain strands of cognitive psychology, one can reinterpret the evidence for money illusion in two ways. First, I claim that money illusion is inescapable to some extent, and saying t

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Ellis, Thomas B. "Of Gods and Devils." Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 28, no. 4-5 (2016): 479–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700682-12341377.

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Perceiving the lack of control over the natural and social spheres is psychologically averse. The resulting depression has an effect upon the human animal’s inclusive fitness. In moments of despair and depression, sexual intercourse may be impossible. In order to restore a modicum of control, and thus libido, the human animal turns to religion. Religion provides compensatory, and thus adaptive illusions of control. It does this by first turning to the intentional stance and the presence of gods who may be socially manipulated to achieve a desired outcome. This is the nature of worship. Alterna

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Díaz-Lago, Marcos, and Helena Matute. "Thinking in a Foreign language reduces the causality bias." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 1 (2018): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021818755326.

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The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of a foreign language on the causality bias (i.e., the illusion that two events are causally related when they are not). We predict that using a foreign language could reduce the illusions of causality. A total of 36 native English speakers participated in Experiment 1, 80 native Spanish speakers in Experiment 2. They performed a standard contingency learning task, which can be used to detect causal illusions. Participants who performed the task in their native tongue replicated the illusion of causality effect, whereas those performing

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Caroline Büttner, Anke. "Questions versus statements: Challenging an assumption about semantic illusions." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 60, no. 6 (2007): 779–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470210701228744.

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In previous semantic-illusion research the tacit assumption has been that questions and statements-to-be-verified of similar semantic content lead to a similar proportion of semantic illusions. This assumption was made despite the fact that questions are thought to have different processing demands from those of statements. This paper presents empirical evidence that questions tend to lead to more semantic illusions than do statements-to-be-verified. Two experiments were carried out to provide a direct comparison between the semantic-illusion rates for statements and for questions. In Experime

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Mather, George. "Integration Biases in the Ouchi and other Visual Illusions." Perception 29, no. 6 (2000): 721–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p2983.

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A texture pattern devised by the Japanese artist H Ouchi has attracted wide attention because of the striking appearance of relative motion it evokes. The illusion has been the subject of several recent empirical studies. A new account is presented, along with a simple experimental test, that attributes the illusion to a bias in the way that local motion signals generated at different locations on each element are combined to code element motion. The account is generalised to two spatial illusions, the Judd illusion and the Zöllner illusion (previously considered unrelated to the Ouchi illusio

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Marcus, Gary F. "10,000 Just so stories can't all be wrong." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32, no. 6 (2009): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x09991452.

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AbstractThe mere fact that a particular aspect of mind could offer an adaptive advantage is not enough to show that that property was in fact shaped by that adaptive advantage. Although it is possible that the tendency towards positive illusion is an evolved misbelief, it it also possible that positive illusions could be a by-product of a broader, flawed cognitive mechanism that itself was shaped by accidents of evolutionary inertia.

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Pick, David F., and Kent A. Pierce. "Theoretical Parallels between the Ponzo Illusion and the Wundt-Jastrow Illusion." Perceptual and Motor Skills 76, no. 2 (1993): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.76.2.491.

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Misapplied-size-constancy, assimilation, and contrast theories are discussed as explanations for the Wundt-Jastrow and Ponzo illusions. An experiment is reported that questions the need to include a contrast function in the assimilation theory of Pressey and Wilson to account for the Wundt-Jastrow illusion. Several directions for further research are proposed.

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Wilson, Alexander E., and Alexander W. Pressey. "Contrast and Assimilation in the Baldwin Illusion." Perceptual and Motor Skills 66, no. 1 (1988): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1988.66.1.195.

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Four experiments were conducted to investigate the role of “large” squares on the occurrence of assimilation and contrast in the Baldwin illusion. In Exps. 1 and 2, in which subjects reproduced the length of the test line, large squares induced illusions of assimilation. In Exp. 3, reproduction of the entire length of the test line also resulted in illusions of assimilation but bisection of the test line and reproduction of one-half the length of the test line resulted in contrast. Exp. 4 replicated the findings involving judgments of one-half the length of the test line. Over-all, the results

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Cornell Kärnekull*, Stina, Billy Gerdfeldter, Maria Larsson, and Artin Arshamian. "Verbally Induced Olfactory Illusions Are Not Caused by Visual Processing: Evidence From Early and Late Blindness." i-Perception 12, no. 3 (2021): 204166952110164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20416695211016483.

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Olfactory perception is malleable and easily modulated by top-down processes such as those induced by visual and verbal information. A classic example of this is olfactory illusions where the perceived pleasantness of an odor is manipulated by the valence of a verbal label that is either visually or auditorily presented together with the odor. The mechanism behind this illusion is still unknown, and it is not clear if it is driven only by verbal information or if there is an interaction between language functions and visual mental imagery processes. One way to test this directly is to study ea

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Hertwig, Ralph. "The questionable utility of “cognitive ability” in explaining cognitive illusions." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 5 (2000): 678–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00363439.

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The notion of “cognitive ability” leads to paradoxical conclusions when invoked to explain Inhelder and Piaget's research on class inclusion reasoning and research on the inclusion rule in the heuristics-and-biases program. The vague distinction between associative and rule-based reasoning overlooks the human capacity for semantic and pragmatic inferences, and consequently, makes intelligent inferences look like reasoning errors.

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Crucianelli, Laura, Yannis Paloyelis, Lucia Ricciardi, Paul M. Jenkinson, and Aikaterini Fotopoulou. "Embodied Precision: Intranasal Oxytocin Modulates Multisensory Integration." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 31, no. 4 (2019): 592–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01366.

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Multisensory integration processes are fundamental to our sense of self as embodied beings. Bodily illusions, such as the rubber hand illusion (RHI) and the size–weight illusion (SWI), allow us to investigate how the brain resolves conflicting multisensory evidence during perceptual inference in relation to different facets of body representation. In the RHI, synchronous tactile stimulation of a participant's hidden hand and a visible rubber hand creates illusory body ownership; in the SWI, the perceived size of the body can modulate the estimated weight of external objects. According to Bayes

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Singh, Sandeep, and Ashish Nag. "The role of behavioral finance in modern age investment." Journal of Management and Science 6, no. 1 (2016): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2016.12.

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Decision making process is very complex task that involves various activities like industry and company analysis along with analysis of past performance of individual stocks/assets. Asunder from this, one of the most important factors that influence the individual's investment decision is cognitive illusions. Individual investor‘s behavior is influenced by various heuristic and biases, which are brought to light by the emerging field of behavioral finance. This paper provides aconceptual framework of the various principles of Behavioral Finance including cognitive illusion: Heuristics, Overcon

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Goodwin, Geoffrey P., and P. N. Johnson-Laird. "Conceptual illusions." Cognition 114, no. 2 (2010): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2009.09.014.

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