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Irwan, Irwan, and Muhammad Pujiono. "Perubahan Klasifikasi Metafora Pada Novel Laskar Pelangi Karya Andrea Hirata Versi Bahasa Jepang Berdasarkan Fungsi Kognitifnya." KIRYOKU 3, no. 3 (November 13, 2019): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kiryoku.v3i3.107-125.
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(The Changes of Metaphor Classification in Laskar Pelangi Novelby Andrea Hirata Japanese Language Version BasedonTheir Cognitive Functions) This article analyzed the changes in the classification of metaphorical expressions contained in the Laskar Pelangi novel based on their cognitive functions after being translated into the Japanese version. The theory used in this research is the classification theory of metaphor based on its cognitive function proposed by Kovecses (2010). This study uses a qualitative research approach with a descriptive type of research, while the method and data analysis uses interactive data analysis models from Miles, Huberman and Saldana (2014). The results of the data analysis showed that of 505 data found, there were 15 classifications of metaphor changes based on their cognitive functions, they are structural metaphors changed to structural metaphors consist of 95 data (18.8%), ontological metaphors to ontological metaphors consist of 151 data (29.9%), orientational metaphors to orientational metaphors consist of 5 data (1.0%), structural metaphor became ontological metaphor consist of 11 data (2.2%), structural metaphor became orientational metaphor consist of 2 data (0.4%), structural metaphor became simile consist of 2 data (0, 4%), structural metaphor becomes non-metaphoric consist of 67 data (13.3%), structural metaphor that was not translated consist of 4 data (0.8%), ontological metaphor became structural metaphors consist of 21 data (4.2%), ontological metaphor became orientational metaphor consist of 5 data (1,0%), ontological metaphor became simile consist of 10 data (2.0%), ontological metaphor became non metaphoric expression consist of 102 data (20.2%), untranslated ontological metaphor consist of 21 data (4.2%), orientational metaphor became non-metaphorical consist of 8 data (1.6%), and orientational metaphor became simile consist of 1 data (0.2%).
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Spirchagov, Svyatoslav Y. "Metaphors in banking." Neophilology, no. 18 (2019): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2019-5-18-139-149.
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Contemporary theory of metaphor highlights its cognitive nature as opposed to traditional view of metaphor as rather a trope. We address the status and significance of conceptual metaphors in English banking terminology. A large-scale corpus analysis of English banking discourse (1888728 words) is conducted to determine how this trope is used. The application of a cognitive approach to a banking discourse has led to identification of metaphoric structures characterizing banking discourse. We confirm the use of terminology system corpus for (organic, mechanical, military, liquid, sports) metaphor models. We prove that banking discourse is highly metaphoric and borrows metaphors from multiple terminological domains. We establish the evolution of certain metaphors. We define the connections between concept areas of cognitive maps. We also prove that not all semes are transferred from the source to the target area, which confirms the connection at the conceptual level. Special attention is paid to the nexus of banking institution and social and political aspects of national cultures. This in turn allows to substantiate and test the theory of conceptual metaphor, and also served as means for a detailed study of conceptual metaphors as a culturally determined phenomenon in language. Given that metaphor is a dynamic cognitive mechanism, we detect diverse ways of metaphorization.
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Gibbs, Raymond W. "Metaphoric cognition as social activity." Metaphor and the Social World 3, no. 1 (July 15, 2013): 54–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.3.1.03gib.
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Metaphoric thought is often viewed as a property of individual minds that is quite separate from people’s social, communicative actions with metaphoric language and gesture. My goal in this article is to argue that metaphoric cognition is fundamentally linked to human social activities. I defend this idea by focusing not only on metaphor use in overt communicative situations, but by suggesting ways that individual metaphoric cognition is implicitly social. Many of the experimental tasks used in psychology to demonstrate the psychological reality of conceptual metaphors reflect intricate couplings between cognitive and social processes. This argument demands a reorientation in how metaphor scholars interpret empirical findings related to conceptual metaphor theory, and more broadly aims to dissolve the long-standing theoretical divide between metaphoric cognition and metaphoric communication.
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Sullivan, Karen. "Integrating constructional semantics and conceptual metaphor." Constructions and Frames 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 141–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.8.2.02sul.
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Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) aims to represent the conceptual structure of metaphors rather than the structure of metaphoric language. The theory does not explain which aspects of metaphoric language evoke which conceptual structures, for example. However, other theories within cognitive linguistics may be better suited to this task. These theories, once integrated, should make building a unified model of both the conceptual and linguistic aspects of metaphor possible. First, constructional approaches to syntax provide an explanation of how particular constructional slots are associated with different functions in evoking metaphor. Cognitive Grammar is especially effective in this regard. Second, Frame Semantics helps explain how the words or phrases that fill the relevant constructional slots evoke the source and target domains of metaphor. Though these theories do not yet integrate seamlessly, their combination already offers explanatory benefits, such as allowing generalizations across metaphoric and non-metaphoric language, and identifying the words that play a role in evoking metaphors, for example.
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Choi, Jae-you. "A Cognitive Analysis of the Metaphor of Subject and Self in Great Expectations." Convergence English Language & Literature Association 7, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 193–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.55986/cell.2022.7.3.193.
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This paper examines self, subject and cognitive neural network, showing that language of literature has a place in cognitive metaphor study. I raise some popular matters of the principle of metaphors; ‘cognitive linguistic metaphor theory’, self-subject metaphor more widely, inside the cognitive science of philosophical thought. The study of self-subject concerns the structure of our inner lives. Metaphor is a primary implement for understanding ourselves and our world, and entering into an contract with forceful metaphors is grappling in an important way with what it means to have a human life. I try to check up the cognitive linguistic metaphoric method of Great Expectations. As a result of analyzing, this research proposes that critical thought in consilience of the researches raised problems as to our basic principles and gave them fresh creative theories.
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Mehlenbacher, Ashley Rose, and Randy Allen Harris. "A Figurative Mind: Gertrude Buck's The Metaphor as a Nexus in Cognitive Metaphor Theory." Rhetorica 35, no. 1 (2017): 75–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2017.35.1.75.
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Gertrude Bucks (1899) The Metaphor: A Study in the Psychology of Rhetoric (Die Metapher: Eine Studie in der Psychologie der Rhetorik) ist ein einzigartiges Essay. In vielerlei Hinsicht prognostiziert das Essay die Metaphern des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts in der Rhetorik, der Linguistik und den Kognitionswissenschaften, inklusive Richards (1936) gefeierten Bemerkungen über die mentale Grundlagen von Metapher, sowie der einflussreichen “konzeptuellen Metapher” in Lakoff und Johnson (1980). Bucks Essay spiegelt auch die Themen der Metaphern welche die Deutsch und Französisch lexikalische Semantik des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts faszinierten. Die Metapher ist zwar ein Original, aber eine dennoch vernachlässigt Verbindung der rhetorischen Tradition, der linguistischen Wende und der Kognitionswissenschaft. Wir kartographieren die Konturen dieses Zusammenhangs, und explizieren, wie Bucks Argumente in die Geschichte der kognitiven Metapherstudien hineinpassen, mit einem Augenmerk sowohl auf Müllers Philologie des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts als auch bezüglich Lakoff und Johnsons Linguistik zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts.
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Połowniak-Wawrzonek, Dorota. "Metaphor in Cognitive Approach." Respectus Philologicus 26, no. 31 (October 25, 2014): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2014.26.31.13.
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The article presents issues relevant to the cognitive theory of metaphor developed by G. Lakoff and M. Johnson. The researchers suggest that metaphors are common. They are rooted in the experience, important in the perception of the world, thinking, acting, as revealed in the language. The metaphor of language is a reflection of a conceptual metaphor. Lakoff and Johnson point out that the metaphor of language occurs in the texts of various types, from the colloquial language to the specialist language. A metaphor carries out two important functions: explaining and facilitating understanding. It enables a partial understanding of some kind of experience in terms of another type of beings and experiences. Some issues such as the concept of love, metaphysical issues, become possible to understand only through metaphor. Thus, the thesis, which treats about necessity of metaphor, is significant. In the process of metaphorical cognition, there is a projection, which takes the source domain to the target domain. A thesis about invariant is important here. Metaphorical mapping is partial. At the root metaphor is structural similarity between domains or their correlations in our experience. Conceptual metaphors can create complex structural relationships. In the case of metaphor the thesis of one-way metaphorical mappings is as important as the thesis about her creative potential. Prominent semantics of conceptual metaphor cannot give full meaning in the literal paraphrase. Among the conceptual metaphors structural metaphors, orientation and ontological metaphors are characterized.
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Sardaraz, Khan, and Roslan Ali. "A COGNITIVE-SEMANTIC APPROACH TO THE INTERPRETATION OF DEATH METAPHOR THEMES IN THE QURAN." Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 4, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 219–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol4iss2pp219-246.
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In previous literature, conceptual metaphor has been used as a comprehensive cognitive tool to explore systematic categorization of concepts in the Quran. Death metaphor themes have either been studied from rhetorical or conceptual perspectives, but metaphor interpretation needs both linguistic and conceptual knowledge. This paper will explore the function of both linguistic and conceptual knowledge in metaphor interpretation in the Quran. This paper has used the technique of key words and phrases for data collection and metaphor identification procedure (MIP) for metaphors identification. Thirteen conceptual metaphors were found in the data. The key conceptual metaphors were analyzed through the lexical concept cognitive model theory (hereafter LCCM) to find out the functions of linguistic and conceptual knowledge in metaphor interpretation. The findings reveal that conceptual metaphor gives only relational structure to the linguistic metaphoric expressions, whereas interpretation needs integration of both linguistic and conceptual knowledge. Conceptual simulation of metaphoric expressions is a multilinear process of multiple conceptual schemas and language. The findings also reveal that LCCM needs the tool of intertextuality for clash resolution of contexts in text interpretation. This paper holds that meaning construction depends upon multilinear processing of conceptual schemas and language. Furthermore, it asserts that the gap in LCCM may be resolved through the tool of intertextuality in metaphor comprehension. This study suggests further studies on relationship between conceptual schemas and lexical behaviour and an elaborate model for text interpretation, combining LCCM and intertextuality.
Keywords: Cognitive model, cognitive semantics, conceptual metaphor, fusion, lexical concept
Cite as: Sardaraz, K., & Ali, R. (2019). A cognitive-semantic approach to the interpretation of death metaphor themes in the Quran. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(4), 219-246. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol4iss2pp219-246
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Thi Vu, Viet-Anh, and Thu Nguyen Thi Hong. "Ontological Cognitive Metaphor of Love in English Songs of the Late 20th Century from Cognitive Perspective." International Journal of Language and Literary Studies 2, no. 2 (June 8, 2020): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v2i2.254.
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The paper provides an overview of the linguistic theory relevant to cognitive metaphor and shed light into ontological metaphors of love in songs. The writer found out typical metaphorical images of love in the famous English love songs of the late 20th century from cognitive prospective. There are 86 cited sentences from 68 love songs used with 16 metaphorical expressions of three types of metaphor: structural metaphors, orientational metaphors and ontological metaphors in which ontological metaphor was focused to analyze. That how these metaphorical images are explored in the songs with the cognitive and rhetorical value can offer a new look into literary and linguistics. In addition, the writer recommends strategies in finding out, comprehending and analyzing this type of metaphor in various contexts as well as suggests some suitable ways for readers to apply metaphor in writing texts more effectively.
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Romero, Esther, and Belén Soria. "Cognitive Metaphor Theory Revisited." Journal of Literary Semantics 34, no. 1 (January 15, 2005): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlse.2005.34.1.1.
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AbstractThis paper provides a framework which, being compatible with Lakoff and Johnson's theory (1980), allows a description of metaphoric verbal utterances. The development of this theoretical expansion is encouraged by Lakoff and Johnson's distinction between nonliteral and literal metaphoric expressions, and by the fact that they do not provide an explanation of the nonliteral metaphoric use of expressions as distinct from the literal metaphoric one. They simply say that metaphoric expressions are nonliteral when they are parts that are not used in our normal metaphoric concepts. This suggestion is included in our model, in which a metaphoric utterance is identified when the speaker perceives both a contextual abnormality and a conceptual contrast, and it is interpreted using, among other things, a pragmatic process of mapping to derive subpropositional metaphoric provisional meanings. This explanation of the metaphoric mechanism allows an explanation of the utterances in which nonliteral metaphoric expressions intervene without having to resort to a previous literal interpretation of these utterances.
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Kozlova, Tetyana. "Cognitive Metaphors of Covid-19 Pandemic in Business News." SHS Web of Conferences 100 (2021): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110002004.
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The research considers the COVID-19 pandemic cognitive metaphors conveyed by means of the English language in business news. The interpretation of metaphor goes beyond its traditional understanding as a rhetorical device. The approach is consistent with a cognitive theory claiming that metaphor is a mental instrument to reflect the way we reason and imagine the world. The paper provides a brief theoretical framework of the research, discusses the concept, role and types of cognitive metaphor. It deals with particular cases of metaphoric representations of the pandemic selected fromThe Financial Times, an international daily with focus on business and economic affairs. The results of the study reveal a variety of lexical means to express the dynamic image of the pandemic that exhibits a gradual shift from the military metaphor to variant interpretations. The findings prove the pervasiveness of metaphor in business and mass media communication, its significance to understand difficult situations, efficiently communicate ideas and influence the audience.
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Ntabo, Victor, and George Ogal Ouma. "A Metaphoric Analysis of Miriri’s Ekegusii Pop Song Ebunda." International Journal of English and Comparative Literary Studies 2, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/ijecls.v2i1.163.
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The study undertakes a metaphoric analysis of the animal metaphors in Miriri’s Ekegusii pop song “Ebunda” (a donkey) to reveal meaning. The meaning of the animal metaphors in the song might be elusive to the majority of the fans because metaphor is principally a matter of thought and action which is often situated in a specific context. The study employed the descriptive research design to describe the metaphors as used in the song. First, four coders (including the researchers) were employed to identify the metaphors in the song through the Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit. Secondly, the metaphors in the song were classified into animal metaphors based on the levels of the principle of Great Chain of Being metaphor (GCBM). The animal metaphors in “Ebunda” were then explained using the Conceptual Metaphor Theory. The study reveals that animals are stratified source domains used to effectively conceptualize human beings as highlighted in the song. In addition, the animal metaphors in “Ebunda” are used on a cognitive basis to reveal the perceptions Abagusii (the native speakers of Ekegusii) have about some animals in society. Metaphors are crucial ways of communication and are best explained using the Cognitive Linguistics paradigm.
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Cameron, Lynne. "Confrontation or complementarity?" Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 5 (November 29, 2007): 107–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/arcl.5.06cam.
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Theoretical and methodological challenges presented by studying metaphor in its discourse environment are addressed. Complex dynamic systems theory provides a theoretical ‘discourse dynamics’ framework for describing metaphor in face-to-face conversation, and more generally, as a phenomenon that is at once linguistic, cognitive, affective and socio-cultural. Empirical data from post-conflict reconciliation conversations illustrate the procedures of metaphor-led discourse analysis, using metaphor to investigate patterns of talking and thinking. Identification of linguistic metaphors is followed by the extraction of patterns of metaphor use, which include metaphor clusters and ‘systematic metaphors’. Connections are made between metaphor in on-line talk, patterns of metaphor use in discourse events and metaphor in socio-cultural life. The final section of this article discusses whether the differences found between metaphor as hypothesised in conceptual metaphor theory and metaphor in real-world discourse reflect an essential incompatibility or can be used more positively in developing cognitive approaches to metaphor.
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Keefer, Lucas A. "Chasing complexity in metaphor research: A response to Thibodeau (2022)." Theory & Psychology 32, no. 5 (September 2, 2022): 814–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09593543221109548.
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Thibodeau (2022) offers a thoughtful critique of my article (Keefer, 2022), attempting to bridge literatures on conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) and Lacan’s theory of metaphor. In this response, I specifically address issues about the extent to which cognitivist alternatives are able to effectively address concerns about the reductiveness of metaphors in CMT. My view is that these approaches either make untenable assumptions about semantic value or are better articulated in a Lacanian structuralism about language. Contra Thibodeau, I believe that a psychoanalytic approach to studying metaphor can be scientific, but that its methods must better capture the complexity of metaphoric thought. I close by addressing the Lacanian unconscious and pose the need for cognitive models of metaphor to better grapple with the intersubjective transmission of metaphor and motive.
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Brandt, Line, and Per Aage Brandt. "Making sense of a blend." Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 3 (October 31, 2005): 216–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/arcl.3.12bra.
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In this paper we propose an analysis of the metaphor “This surgeon is a butcher!” discussed in Grady, Oakley & Coulson (1999), introducing it into a mental space framework derived from conceptual metaphor theory (CMT), blending theory (BT) and cognitive semiotics. The method of analysis is to work backwards; we attempt to reconstruct the meaning of the butcher-surgeon metaphor by giving a step-by-step description of the cognition involved in understanding an occurrence of the metaphoric expression, and hypothesize a general framework for analyzing metaphoric blends and other kinds of rhetorically potent integrations of semiotically distinguishable conceptual contents (mental spaces) in expressive blends. It is argued that examples of expressive blends, such as metaphor, need to be accounted for in semiotic terms, since they occur in — intersubjective as well as private — communication, which is essentially semiotic in nature; expressive blends occur as signs and are therefore a natural subject of cognitive semiotics, the study of cognition in semiosis.
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Walker, Brian. "Beyond Cognitive Metaphor Theory: Perspectives on Literary Metaphor." Metaphor and Symbol 31, no. 4 (October 2016): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2016.1223468.
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Jie, Bai. "A CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF WAR METAPHOR IN RUSSIAN AND CHINESE NEWS HEADLINES OF NEW MEDIA IN THE CONTEXT OF CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 5, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2021/5/4/7.
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Introduction. Cognitive linguistics believes that metaphor is a way of human thinking and a powerful tool for cognition. In other words, the theory of cognitive metaphor believes that metaphor is not only a rhetorical technique, but also a way of human cognition, which affects the form of human thinking. In news headlines, metaphors are even more commonly used. In the current rapid development of new media, the first visual impact of news headlines on the audience plays a vital role in the spread of articles and the amount of reading. Based on the theoretical framework of conceptual metaphor, this work compares the war metaphors in sports news headlines of Russian and Chinese of new media, attempting to analyze the similarities and differences in the use of metaphors, which helps illuminate the complex, dynamic, and nuanced functions of metaphor in cognition in sports news headlines, and in headlines of new media in particular. Material and methods. Since the 21st century, especially in the past 10 years, with the popularization of computers and the Internet, coupled with the technical support of 5G communications, new media has developed, popularized and improved rapidly.
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Lakoff, George, and Earl R. MacCormac. "A Cognitive Theory of Metaphor." Philosophical Review 96, no. 4 (October 1987): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2185396.
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Rostankowski, Cynthia C., and Earl R. MacCormac. "A Cognitive Theory of Metaphor." Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 45, no. 4 (1987): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/431337.
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Jones, Peter Lloyd, and Earl R. MacCormac. "A Cognitive Theory of Metaphor." Leonardo 20, no. 1 (1987): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1578220.
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Neill, Catherine, and Earl R. Mac Cormac. "A Cognitive Theory of Metaphor." Language 63, no. 1 (March 1987): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415422.
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Nuessel, Frank. "A cognitive theory of metaphor." Lingua 70, no. 1 (September 1986): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(86)90033-1.
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Landau, Mark J. "Using Metaphor to Find Meaning in Life." Review of General Psychology 22, no. 1 (March 2018): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000105.
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Pursuing meaning in life confronts the individual with abstract ideas about the connections between experiences and identities over time ( continuity), the ends that life serves ( purpose), and its worth ( value). Conceptual metaphor theory is helpful to explain the cognitive strategies people use to understand these ideas. This theory posits that metaphor is a cognitive tool for understanding abstractions in terms of superficially dissimilar, relatively more concrete concepts. Early empirical tests of this claim focused on how activated metaphors influence judgments of other people, events, and social issues. Going further, an emerging area of research examines metaphor's roles in perceptions of life's continuity, purpose, and value. This article provides the first overview of this development. Specific aims are to organize previous findings, identify questions for future research, and discuss theoretical implications for the meaning of meaning.
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Kövecses, Zoltán. "An extended view of conceptual metaphor theory." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 18, no. 1 (August 17, 2020): 112–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00053.kov.
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Abstract A major insight of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) is that it added a strong, empirically testable cognitive dimension to the study of metaphor that is capable of changing the way we think about metaphor not only in language, but also thought and action, and, ultimately, the way we do philosophy (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980, 1999). In the paper, I argue that CMT itself needs to be changed in several ways. In particular, I suggest (1) that it has to be given a much more elaborate contextual component than is currently available, (2) that even its cognitive dimension needs to be refined, (3) that it requires a component that can explain the actual usages of metaphors in natural discourse, and (4), and most significantly, that it needs to be changed in such a way that the modifications under (1), (2), and (3) can be integrated into a unified and coherent theory of metaphor. The paper is based on my forthcoming book Extended Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Kövecses, 2020).
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Ntabo, Victor Ondara, Moses Gatambuki Gathigia, and Naom Moraa Nyarigoti. "A Cognitive Approach to EkeGusii Pop Songs." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 9, no. 3 (June 30, 2018): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.3p.166.
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A review of literature on pop songs reveals that composers use metaphors to communicate their feelings. In particular, the meaning of the metaphors in EkeGusii pop songs needs to be interpreted to reveal the message of the composers. The EkeGusii pop singer Christopher Mosioma’s (Embarambamba) songs have gained fame in Kenya because of their richness in the usage of metaphors. One of Christopher Mosioma’s songs, amasomo (education) which was launched in 2015 has gained acclaim from Kenyans. The song amasomo (education) is basically presented as a piece of advice to students to embrace education in order to optimally reap from its benefits. The study identified 10 metaphors in the song amasomo (education) through the Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit. In order to interpret the metaphors in the EkeGusii pop song amasomo (education), the Conceptual Metaphor Theory complemented by the folk conception of the generic Great Chain of Being Metaphor were employed. The study employed four coders (including the researchers) in the identification of the metaphors. The study found that, inter alia, animal, plant and object metaphors are used in the song amasomo (education). The study concludes that the metaphors in the EkeGusii pop songs belong inherently to different levels of the generic Great Chain of Being Metaphor.
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Mazzone, Marco. "La metafora fra teoria della pertinenza e teoria concettuale." PARADIGMI, no. 1 (May 2009): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/para2009-001004.
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- Sperber and Wilson (2006) have recently claimed that metaphors are not a genuine cognitive phenomenon. There is a continuum, they claim, ranging from literal to figurative uses of language, and the interpretation of any sentence along that continuum can, and must, be performed by the same relevance-guided inferential procedure; therefore, metaphor interpretation would not require any special cognitive process. Following a suggestion of Gibbs and Tendahl (2006), we propose a framework according to which the relevance-theoretic account has to be integrated with the conceptual theory of metaphors. In particular, we will suggest that the relevance-guided inferential procedure has to be sensitive not only to the balance between cognitive efforts and effects, but also to the nature of the conceptual relations between context and verbal meanings; in the case of metaphor comprehension, this amounts to saying that sensitivity to conceptual mappings is part of how the procedure works, at least for fresh metaphors. As a consequence, there is a clear sense in which metaphor is, after all, a specific cognitive phenomenon. Keywords: Conceptual theory, Figurative meaning, Literal meaning, Mapping, Metaphor, Relevance.
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Wang, Genshan. "Multimodal Metaphor Construction and Cognitive Analysis in Educational Cartoons." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1203.14.
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Since Lakoff and Johnson proposed their far-reaching theory of conceptual metaphor, people's interpretation of metaphor has changed from a rhetorical approach to a way of thinking. In recent years, multimodal metaphors have gradually received attention from scholars at home and abroad, and have been applied to different forms of media research such as advertisements, comics, gestures, and films, thus greatly contributing to the advancement of multimodal metaphor theory. Multimodal metaphors provide a new perspective for the construction and understanding of metaphorical meaning. This study draws on 100 educational cartoons published by China News Cartoon Network from 2020-2021. Firstly, multimodal metaphors in the 100 educational cartoons published on China News Cartoon Network are classified into four categories according to Forceville's cognitive-linguistic theoretical framework, and the integration network in the cartoons is classified into four categories from the perspective of conceptual integration. This study analyses multimodal metaphors from both social and cognitive perspectives and explores the cognitive basis of comic metaphors from both formal and meaningful perspectives.
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Albtoush, Mohammad Abedltif, and Sakina Suffian Sahuri. "Beyond Predator and Prey: Figuring Corruption through Animal Metaphoric Scenarios in the Jordanian Context." English Language and Literature Studies 7, no. 2 (May 30, 2017): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v7n2p110.
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Combining a cognitive approach based on Lakoff’s Conceptual Metaphor Theory and a pragmatic approach based on Critical Metaphor Analysis, this study investigates the use of ANIMAL metaphoric scenarios to figure corruption as a relationship between predators and prey and the cultural implications in the Jordanian context. It also seeks to identify the diverse functions performed by the use of ANIMAL metaphors. Data for the study consist of 10 excerpts taken from a satire-genre discourse “sawalief.com”. My argument is that all animal metaphors in the corpus promote the contrast between the ACTIVITY of corrupters and the PASSIVITY of the citizenry and that the goal of this rhetoric is to move the PASSIVE citizenry into ACTION by shaming them into fighting corruption. This is clearly illustrated through the use of two types of ANIMAL metaphoric scenarios: ACTIVE ANIMALS representing corrupters and politicians, and PASSIVE ANIMALS representing the citizens. In addition, the use of these metaphors performs diverse functions: ideological, cognitive, and rhetorical.
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Tan, Yao. "Conceptual Metaphor of COVID-19 in New York Times." Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 12 (December 21, 2022): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fhss.v2i12.3131.
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Conceptual metaphor is an important theory of cognitive metaphor. Its nature is recognized as a rhetoric within the scope of traditional metaphor research. It is a deliberate deviation of literal meaning and an optional discourse modifier. Cognitive metaphor holds that metaphor mechanism is the projection from the source domain to the target domain. In this process, the establishment of similarity is fundamental, and the similarity relationship can be divided into physical similarity and psychological similarity. Things can enter both ends of metaphor by virtue of these two similarity relationships to produce rich and complex conceptual metaphor, which makes metaphor everywhere in our life. As one of the important ways of information dissemination, news discourse has a strong ideological tendency and political motivation, which has a subtle impact on the psychology of readers. Therefore, from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, this paper uses conceptual metaphor theory to analyze the characteristics, types and cognitive mechanisms of conceptual metaphors in COVID-19 coverage in The New York Times. It provides ideas for discourse analysis of epidemic situation in the future.
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Păstae, Oana-Maria. "The conceptual metaphor of joy." JOURNAL OF LINGUISTIC AND INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/jolie.2019.12.1.10.
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The purpose of this paper is to study how ‘joy’, an emotional concept, is metaphorised in English from a cognitive perspective. It introduces the theoretical framework of Cognitive Linguistics, then briefly touches upon the definition of metaphor, the different types of conceptual metaphors and, finally, the conceptual metaphors of ‘joy’. We think in metaphors, which we learn very early. Our conceptual system, in terms of what we both think and act, is fundamentally metaphorical in nature (Lakoff, & Johnson 2003: 8). Lakoff and Johnson’s book Metaphors we live by changed the way linguists thought about metaphor. Conceptual Metaphor Theory was one of the earliest theoretical frameworks identified as part of the cognitive semantics enterprise and provided much of the early theoretical impetus for the cognitive approach. The basic premise of Conceptual Metaphor Theory is that metaphor is not simply a stylistic feature of language, but that thought itself is fundamentally metaphorical in nature. The cognitive model of joy can be described using the example of Lakoff for anger: JOY IS A FLUID IN A CONTAINER: She was bursting with joy; JOY IS HEAT/FIRE: Fires of joy were kindled by the birth of her son; joy is a natural force: I was overwhelmed by joy; JOY IS A SOCIAL SUPERIOR: If I ruled the world by joy; JOY IS AN OPPONENT: She was seized by joy; joy is a captive animal: All joy broke loose as the kids opened their presents; JOY IS INSANITY: The crowd went crazy with joy; JOY IS A FORCE DISLOCATING THE SELF: He was beside himself with joy.
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Kövecses, Zoltán. "Conceptual metaphor theory." Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 6 (November 26, 2008): 168–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/arcl.6.08kov.
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Despite its popularity in and outside cognitive linguistics, cognitive metaphor theory (CMT) has received a wide range of criticisms in the past two decades. Several metaphor researchers have criticized the methodology with which metaphor is studied (emphasizing concepts instead of words), the direction of analysis (emphasizing a top-down instead of a bottom-up approach), the category level of metaphor (claiming its superordinate status instead of basic level), the embodiment of metaphor (emphasizing the universal, mechanical, and monolithic aspects instead of nonuniversal, nonmechanical, and nonmonolithic aspects of embodiment), and its relationship to culture (emphasizing the role of universal bodily experience instead of the interaction of body and context). In the paper, I respond to this criticism largely based on my own research and propose a view on these issues that can successfully meet these challenges and that can be regarded as an alternative to the “standard theory.”
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Garrido, Joaquín. "Motion metaphors in discourse construction." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 9, no. 1 (July 6, 2011): 107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.9.1.06gar.
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Motion metaphors occur at different levels, from prepositional phrases to discourse, including theoretical metaphors. After reviewing Relevance Theory as a bottom-up approach, and Cognitive Linguistics and Segmented Discourse Representation Theory as top-down ones, an integrated approach to metaphor in discourse construction is developed, based on a cognitive operation of connection of lower units into higher ones, similar to subsumption in the Lexical Constructional Model and to chunking in the Usage-Based Approach. In discourse construction, as the analysis of press and poetry examples show, either a motion metaphor may contribute to the discourse structure, or it may result from it. Discourses are packed into text structures; live discourse metaphors develop into text-type metaphors on their way to conventionalization. Metaphor and discourse construction are bottom-up processes, since they result from connection of lower units, but they are also top-down, based on properties of higher units, domains in metaphor and relations in discourse.
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Shehab, Ekrema Mohammad, Abdelkarim Tawfiq Daragmeh, Abdul-Rahman Saleh Qadan, and Reema Essam Nazzal. "A cognitive approach to metaphor translation in business texts." FORUM / Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 20, no. 1 (June 15, 2022): 116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/forum.21027.she.
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Abstract A metaphor is normally deployed for specific rhetorical and aesthetic functions. However, in the commercial context, metaphor usage displays specific communicative functions as exhibited in the English business texts we sampled for this study. We examine the translation of business metaphor from English into Arabic with a special focus on the game/sports source domain. The authors collected a sample of metaphors from business articles which appear on the BBC, CNN, and Project Syndicate online websites. We use the collected business metaphors to determine the contextual functions as well as the significance and roles each metaphor plays in its context. We adopt the cognitive approach to metaphor analysis in order to identify the level of conceptual systems in the source and target metaphorical references. We have found out that the generic metaphorical instances are translated using the formal translation method while the more business context specific metaphors are simplified, paraphrased, or explicated.
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VEISI HASAR, Rahman, and Ehsan PANAHBAR. "Metaphor in Translation: Cognitive Perspectives on Omar Khayyam’s Poetry as Rendered into English and Kurdish." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 7, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.7.2.19-36.
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As cognitive linguistics puts it, metaphor as a cognitive phenomenon can not be relegated to linguistic expression. Therefore, in order to analyze metaphor in translation, cognitive translation hypothesis investigates its translatability and metaphorical equivalence at the conceptual level. However, in such case, the conceptual metaphor is dealt with without considering its significant relationship to the cultural models. Based on Cienki’s theory (1999) postulating that the relation of the conceptual metaphor to the cultural model is similar to that of a profile to a base, and that the possibility of the interpretation and production of the conceptual metaphor depends on the cultural model, the present research reinvestigates the cognitive translation hypothesis from this perspective. The research findings reveal that translators have mostly been successful in translating metaphors dependent on shared cultural models, however, have failed to recreate metaphors dependent on non-shared cultural models. Accordingly, same mapping condition and different mapping condition are strongly dependent on the relationship between metaphors and cultural models. Thus SMC and DMC should be redefined in relation to cultural model.
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Makashova, V. V. "COGNITIVE THEORY OF METAPHOR BY A.N. BARANOV." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 32, no. 5 (October 14, 2022): 1122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2022-32-5-1122-1129.
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The article presents the theses of the descriptive theory of metaphor by A.N. Baranov, which is based on the provisions of the cognitive theory of metaphorization processes. The article analyzes the theories of metaphor, characterizing the role of metaphor in language and in the processes of thinking themselves. Particular attention is paid to the modern theory of conceptual metaphor and its difference from traditional theories.
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Bingyu, Tang. "Analysis of Political Metaphors in Donald J. Trump’s State of the Union Address in 2020." English Literature and Language Review, no. 74 (December 3, 2021): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ellr.74.69.73.
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On the basis of Conceptual Metaphor Theory proposed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, this paper conducts a cognitive analysis of conceptual metaphors in Donald J. Trump’s State of the Union Address in 2020, aiming to explain the metaphors in the State of the Union Address, reveal the political intentions hidden behind the metaphors, and construe the relationship between politics and metaphor. It is found that the metaphors in this State of the Union Address are: CONFLICT metaphors, BUILDING metaphor, JOURNEY metaphors, ORIENTATIONAL metaphors, and PLANT metaphors. Through the analysis, this paper concludes that conceptual metaphor has the function of persuading the masses and shaping the image of politicians. At the same time, this paper also finds that politics restricts the choice and application of metaphor.
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Reza, Muhammad. "Metaphor in Mark Forster's Album LIEBE S/W." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 1998–2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i2.1888.
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This study is a cognitive semantic analysis of the conceptual metaphor of the song lyrics in Mark Forster's album Liebe S/W. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The theories used are the conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) by Lakoff&Johnson (2003) as the main theory and image schema theory by Croft & Cruse (2004). The data sources in this study were taken from the lyrics of 14 German songs from the album Liebe S/W (2019) by Mark Forster. This study was carried out for the purpose of describing the characteristics of the metaphors, the types of conceptual metaphors and image schemes contained in the song lyrics in the album. Mark Forster's cognition as a singer-songwriter on the album can be seen with this study through a conceptual metaphor approach. Based on the results of the research, it is found as many as 52 data containing metaphorical expressions. Based on the analysis in accordance with Saeed's theory as a metaphor characteristic theory, it shows that there are 13 data with abstraction,15 data with conventionality, 9 data with systematicity, and 15 data with asymmetry. The ontological metaphors is the most dominant in the album. Data analysis using the Lakoff&Johnson theory shows that the conceptual metaphors are found as many as 32 ontological metaphors, 15 orientational metaphors, and 5 structural metaphors. The image schemes found are 20 containers, 4 multiplicities, 4 existences, 5 identites, 12 spaces and 1 scale. Some patterns were found based on theories, 1) metaphors with the characteristics of abstraction and asymmetry have ontological, orientational and structural conceptual metaphors with all types of image schemes. 2) metaphors with conventional characteristics only have ontological conceptual metaphor type with some image schemes, except multiplicity. 3) metaphors with systematic characteristics have ontological and orientation conceptual metaphors with image schemes, except identity and scale.
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Novokhatko, Anna A. "Contemporary Metaphor Studies and Classical Texts." Mnemosyne 74, no. 4 (June 3, 2021): 682–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-bja10109.
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Abstract This article reviews recent studies on metaphor theories applied to the classical corpus and argues that approaches from cognitive linguistics are essential for the re-interpretation of Greek and Latin texts. Its main focus are two monographs, Andreas T. Zanker’s Metaphor in Homer and Tommaso Gazzarri’s Theory and Practice of Metaphors in Seneca’s Prose. The volume of collected papers on spatial metaphors in ancient texts edited by Fabian Horn and Ciliers Breytenbach proposes that the Lakoff-Johnson approach to cognitive metaphor is productive and that mappings from empirically accessible domains construct abstract concepts in spatial models of mental activity.
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David, Oana, George Lakoff, and Elise Stickles. "Cascades in metaphor and grammar." Constructions and Frames 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 214–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.8.2.04dav.
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Public discourse on highly charged, complex social and political issues is extensive, with millions of sentences available for analysis. It is also rife with metaphors that manifest vast numbers of novel metaphoric expressions. More and more, to understand such issues, to see who is saying what and why, we require big data and statistically-based analysis of such corpora. However, statistically-based data processing alone cannot do all the work. The MetaNet (MN) project has developed an analysis method that formalizes existing insights about the conceptual metaphors underlying linguistic expressions into a computationally tractable mechanism for automatically discovering new metaphoric expressions in texts. The ontology used for this computational method is organized in terms of metaphor cascades, i.e. pre-existing packages of hierarchically organized primary and general metaphors that occur together. The current paper describes the architecture of metaphor-to-metaphor relations built into this system. MN’s methodology represents a proof of concept for a novel way of performing metaphor analysis. It does so by applying the method to one particular domain of social interest, namely the gun debate in American political discourse. Though well aware that such an approach cannot replace a thorough cognitive, sociological, and political analysis, this paper offers examples that show how a cascade theory of metaphor and grammar helps automated data analysis in many ways.
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Abdullah, Muhammad Tanweer, Khadija Nowaira. "No Warfare: Let us render unto metaphor’s paradox we live by." NUML journal of critical inquiry 17, no. I (February 21, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52015/numljci.v17ii.183.
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This essay discusses metaphor as a cognitive paradox. It is divided into two parts. The first part outlines a schema explaining the paradox that the authors call ‘prodigal-within-prodigy’ in terms of how metaphor conception creates a contextual opposition within mutuality. They argue that such [re]cognition of paradoxical context actually helps mutualize mainstream oppositions we come across in metaphor literature: cognitive linguistic vs.psycholinguistic/cultural, empirical vs. intuitive, inductive vs.deductive, realization of what we call the real-world. In the second part, the authors discuss how the prodigal-prodigy schema could resolve the conflicting positions on metaphor—disengaging from what Gibbs (2017) calls Metaphor Wars. In this regard, to assess the scope of this cognitive paradox vis-à-visa disengagement from warfare, a set of ‘critical methodological concerns’ raised on metaphor conception (Gibbs, 2009) are discussed. This discussion points to contemporary debateson metaphor conception thatunderlie ‘conceptual metaphor theory’, ‘traditional theory of metaphor’, ‘deliberate metaphor theory’, and ‘contemporary...new and improved theory’ of metaphor, among others. The authors claim, with examples from earlier work (Abdullah, 2016), how a cognitive paradox creates ‘metaphorical truth-values’ that sustain the spatiotemporal context. Towards the scope of evolving a unified theory of metaphor, this paper reaffirms Gibbs’ argument that no single explanation in literature alone can comprehend the scopeof metaphor in thought and practice.
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Mitsiaki, Maria. "INVESTIGATING METAPHOR IN MODERN GREEK INTERNET MEMES:." Revista Brasileira de Alfabetização, no. 12 (July 27, 2020): 73–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.47249/rba.2020.v.432.
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Internet memes are a quite recent web-genre that makes use of metaphorical conceptualizations and humor. This paper draws on data from humorous metaphors in a small corpus of Greek memes posted on Facebook. The analysis suggests that common conventional metaphors underlie memes, such as emotions are forces, human body is a machine, and people are animals; however, several novel conceptualizations arise, fused into conceptual blends: coronavirus is war, low-paid is diseased, natural forces are people. The findings are interpreted in the light of the cognitive theory of metaphor and humor and they are discussed in terms of contextualizing metaphor and developing metaphoric competence or conceptual fluency within discourse-based L2 learning contexts.
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Gathigia, Moses Gatambuki, Daniel Ochieng Orwenjo, and Ruth Wangeci Ndungu. "Foodsemic metaphors of love in Gĩkũyũ: Insights from cognitive semantics." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00024.gat.
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Abstract Using the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, this study discusses the transfer of semantic aspects of foodsemic metaphors upon the abstraction of love. An interview schedule was administered to 48 respondents of different gender by the researchers assisted by two research assistants. The data collected were subjected to the Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit (MIPVU). 12 foodsemic metaphors which play an indispensable role in the understanding of love in Gĩkũyũ were identified. In addition, the study noted that gender is a dominant variable that provides people with lens through which they view love in Gĩkũyũ. This study concludes that metaphor is an integral component of the way people conceptualize and embody love in Gĩkũyũ. Further, foodsemic metaphors provide a way of understanding the nexus between gender and love in Gĩkũyũ.
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Zhao, Xia, Rong Shen, and Xincheng Zhao. "A Cognitive-Semiotic Construal of Metaphor in Discourse." Chinese Semiotic Studies 16, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 119–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/css-2020-0006.
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AbstractCognitive semiotics is a new field for the study of meaning in trans-disciplines, such as semiotics, cognitive linguistics, and corpus linguistics. This paper aims at studying how cognitive semiotics is employed to construe conceptual metaphors in discourse. We conducted a corpus-based study, with Lakoff and Johnson’s Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and Fauconnier and Turner’s Blending Theory (BT), to illustrate our cognitive-semiotic model for metaphors in Dragon Seed, written by Nobel Prize winner Pearl S. Buck. The major finding is that metaphors are mental constructions involving many spaces and mappings in the cognitive-semiotic network. These integration networks are related to encoders’ cognitive, cultural, and social contexts. Additionally, cognitive semiotics can be employed to construe conceptual metaphors in discourse vividly and comprehensively and thus is helpful to reveal the ideology and the theme of the discourse.
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Bertuol, Roberto. "The Square Circle of Margaret Cavendish: the 17th-century conceptualization of mind by means of mathematics." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963-9470-20011001-02.
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The cognitive theory of metaphor (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980; Lakoff, 1987; Lakoff and Turner, 1989) is the basis in this article for investigating the significance of the use of mathematical language, and in particular of the metaphor to square the circle in Margaret Cavendish's poem The Circle of the Brain Cannot be Squared. In the article I begin by introducing Margaret Cavendish as the first 17th-century female poet writing on scientific topics. I then explain how mathematics in the 17th century influenced people's view of reality and the extent to which this is mirrored in poetic language. The theory of cognitive metaphor provides the framework for the elucidation of mathematical concepts used to explain 'unknown' realities like mind and emotions and, in particular, of the central metaphor to square the circle in Cavendish's poem. A brief overview of the criteria of Lakoff and colleagues for analysing metaphors shows that the apparently extravagant metaphor to square the circle was simply a novel poetic extension of the conceptual metaphor UNIVERSE IS MATHEMATICS that, like other types of metaphors considered by cognitive linguists, is grounded in everyday experience. Further, Werth's (1994) remarks about the reasons behind the poet's use of particular concepts to explain others help highlight another important aspect at the basis of the production of novel metaphors, namely that of 'poetic choice'. Finally, I elaborate on Werth's remarks by drawing attention to what I term cultural choice, that is, to the influence that common knowledge and beliefs shared by the members of a linguistic community exert on the poet's choice of metaphors. The analysis of the poem shows that the topic and language of the poem, as well as the subtext, that is, the length of lines and the stanza form, depend on metaphoric projections from the domain MATHEMATICS. Through the conceptual metaphor NATURE IS MATHEMATICS, Cavendish explains man's attempt to take control over irrationalia such as fancy and female nature. The impossibility of squaring the circle is used as a proof to demonstrate that nature and fancy cannot be restricted and, at the same time, to give Cavendish a hope of acceptance in the male-dominated world.
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Mehfooz, Dr Musferah, Dr Syed Naeem Badshah, and Dr Hafiz Hifazatullah. "A Conceptual Study of Metaphorical Illustration Applied for Hellfire in Qur’anic Text." Journal of Islamic and Religious Studies 5, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36476/jirs.5:1.06.2020.15.
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This study aims to explore the metaphors of fire and hell from Holy Qur'ān utilizing conceptual analysis and by keeping in view the discussion of cognitive linguistic and cognitive perspectives of metaphor. This research has attempted to apply the semasiological approach to Qur'ānic corpus wherewith the figurative significance of fire and hell is linked with Fire/Hell as a metaphor in the Holy Scripture. The Cognitive Theory of Metaphor (CMT)interpreted by linguists Lakoff & Johnson (1980) and developed later by Lakoff and Turner (1989), and others, e.g. Wreth (1994, 1999) has been applied as the theoretical framework and the translations of specific extracted verses of Holy Qur'ān are interpreted logically and compared with concerning religious aspects. Originally the principles of Cognitive Metaphor Theory have been employed for the study of Conceptual Metaphorical Analysis (CMA) revealing how metaphors of fire and hell have been used creatively affecting the understanding of much broader aspects of life in light of the teachings of Qur'ān. The tenor and vehicle illustration is taken from I.A Richards’ concept of ground, tenor, and vehicle, and the source and target domain are also debated to bring forth a holistically semasiological understanding after the analysis of the metaphors.
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BRDAR-SZABÓ, Rita, and Mario BRDAR. "Religious Discourse and (Cognitive) Metaphor Theory." Leuvense Bijdragen - Leuven Contributions in Linguistics and Philology 92, no. 1 (October 1, 2003): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/lb.92.1.542040.
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Katz, Albert N. "A Cognitive Theory of Metaphor (Book)." Metaphor and Symbolic Activity 2, no. 4 (December 1987): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327868ms0204_5.
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Long, Chunmian, Jianbin Zhu, Shihao Li, and Wen Li. "A Metaphorical Analysis of Female Worship in the Kam Epic: Songs of Kam Remote Ancestors." Scientific and Social Research 3, no. 2 (July 13, 2021): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/ssr.v3i2.1114.
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Metaphor is a cognitive mechanism in which people understand an abstract and unfamiliar object by comparing it to a more concrete and familiar one, according to rhetoric, while modern cognitive linguistics holds that metaphor is a cognitive mechanism in which people understand an abstract and unfamiliar object by comparing it to a more concrete and familiar one, according to modern cognitive linguistics. It’s a basic human cognitive and thinking model. Therefore, cognitive metaphor study is devoted to revealing the deep cognitive patterns of language and explaining various cognitive behaviors through languages. Myth is an important vector of human culture and has a profound influence on the formation of national cultural psychology. The Kam’s epic Songs of Kam Remote Ancestors as a narrative ancient song of the Kam covers the longest history of the Kam and has the highest content about the Kam’s ancestors. This epic has many descriptions of woman ancestors and a large number of metaphors of women as well, which reflects the unique position of women in the Kam culture. This study draws on the cognitive metaphor theory to investigate the female metaphors with the purpose of uncovering the development and evolution of the Kam’s woman worship perception in their history by using MIP metaphor identifying method.
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Huang, Yanli. "How to Represent Abstract Concepts? From the Perspective of Conceptual Metaphor Theory." Journal of Human Psychology 1, no. 2 (December 9, 2020): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2644-1101.jhp-20-3637.
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How human understand and represent concepts is always a hot topic in cognitive psychology. According to the conceptual metaphor theory 1, 2, understanding and representing abstract concepts rely on concrete concepts via metaphoric mappings. In this review, we discussed three core issues with the aim to have a comprehensive understanding of conceptual metaphors. First, I describe the underlying process of metaphoric mappings. Lakoff and Johnson (1999) 2 put forward that the source domain (concrete concepts) can be used to represent the target domain (abstract concepts). The metaphoric mappings from source domains to target domains are characterized as image schemas, which structure and provide sensory-motor grounding for abstract concepts. Then, I concerned on the directionality (the second issue) and automaticity (the third issue) of metaphoric mappings. According to conceptual metaphor theory, metaphoric mappings have the directionality from the concrete domain to the abstract domain, which is an automatic and obligatory process with neither effort nor awareness. However, directionality and automaticity were debated by recent research. In this article, by focusing on the three important issues I provided a comprehensive review which would help deepen our understanding about the nature of metaphoric mappings.
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Rasulić, Katarina, and Mirjana Mišković-Luković. "ŠTA SPAJA A ŠTA RAZDVAJA KOGNITIVNOLINGVISTIČKI I KONITIVNOPRAGMATIČKI PRISTUP METAFORI?" Lipar, no. 72 (2020): 11–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/lipar72.011r.
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This paper provides a comprehensive comparative reassessment of the state-of-art in the theory and practice of the two prominent contemporary approaches to metaphor – cognitive-linguistic conceptual metaphor theory and cognitive-pragmatic relevance theory – given their professed aim at formulating an explanatorily adequate cognitive theory of metaphor. So far, to our knowledge, there are but a handful of publications that have seriously dealt with this comparative issue (Tendahl and Gibbs 2008, Tendahl 2009, Stöver 2010, Gibbs and Tendahl 2011, Wilson 2011); illuminating as they are, they are, nonetheless, biased in that they remain deeply rooted in their respective theoretical backgrounds. Working within the two observed theoretic approaches to metaphor, our primary aim was to show that the differences may be more apparent than real. To this purpose, we present a synthetic and critical overview of both approaches, alongside with a comparative analysis of illustrative data from the contemporary Serbian language. Our combined approach, cognitively induced, relies on the elaborate conceptual apparatus of cognitive linguistics teamed with an interpretive understanding of metaphor within the cognitive-pragmatic framework, highlighting the lines of in- terface and the converging evidence towards a better understanding of metaphor as a cognitive–communicative mechanism.