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Parsons, Gerald L. "Measuring cohesion in English texts : the relationship between cohesion and coherence." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294518.
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Bott, Kristie Lynn, and Michele Dawn Reed. "The effects of new members on perceived group cohesion." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1929.
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Luhr, Gretchen Allison. "The Effects of Frequency of Social Interaction, Social Cohesion, Age, and the Built Environment on Walking." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3325.
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The purpose of this dissertation was to explore, through a social ecological framework, the multifaceted effects of the neighborhood environment by investigating how dimensions of both the built environment and the neighborhood social context may interact to influence walking. Aesthetics, land use mix, crime, and pedestrian infrastructure were considered with respect to built environment walkability, and the neighborhood social context was conceptualized using measures of both social cohesion and social interaction with neighbors. This research used data from an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-funded study of 748 adults (18 years of age and older) residing in the Lents neighborhood in Portland, Oregon. Through a series of both multiple linear and logistic regression models, the analyses examined the specific pathways by which social interaction with neighbors, social cohesion, and age influenced the relationship between the built environment and walking behavior. Results suggest that both social interaction and social cohesion but not age moderate the effects of the built environment on walking. There was evidence of mediation, as well, for both social interaction and social cohesion. The implications of these findings for future research and policy are discussed.
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Prewett, Matthew S. "Clarifying the cohesion-performance relationship in teams : backup behavior as a mediating mechanism." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001850.
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Esakia, Andrey. "Development and Exploratory Findings of a Smartwatch Interface to Facilitate Group Cohesion in a Statewide Health Promotion Program." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78889.
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Background: Physical inactivity of the general population is a major public health concern in the US and around the world. Community-based interventions that include evidence-based principles of group dynamics are effective at improving individual-level physical activity behaviors as well as changing social norms for health behaviors. The use of technologies such as smartwatches has a potential to channel and amplify underlying group dynamics principles in such interventions. In order to explore the use of smartwatches for group dynamics-based physical activity interventions, a smartwatch centered system was designed and deployed as part of an eight-week pilot study.
Objectives: The primary goal of this study was to explore the degree to which smartwatches effectively channel group dynamics strategies in the context of an eight-week community based physical activity intervention.
Methods: In this explanatory mixed-methods study, system usage data were analyzed (e.g., frequency of interaction with smartwatch and smartphone) and participant physical activity (e.g., participant steps tracked by the system). To provide a richer picture of the user experience, use of features, and impact of group dynamics, participants were invited to participate in one-on-one interviews after the pilot program. The group dynamics-based questions centered on the individual’s attraction to the group task and socially as well as the individual’s perception of group integration around the task and as a social unit (i.e., the four dimensions of cohesion). The interview recordings were transcribed verbatim and analyzed via an abbreviated grounded theory approach. The system usage data was visually and numerically summarized.
Results: Five of the seven participants completed interviews. The interview analysis resulted in 365 meaning units representing 2 themes (related to user experience with devices and manifestations of group dynamic principles), 4 sub-themes and 23 categories. The participants completed 31.3 (SD=2.91) miles per week and engaged with the smartwatch and the Android app 2.6 and 1.5 times a day, respectively. Analysis of interviews and the system usage logs from five participants, reveal sustained engagement with the smartwatch and the smartphone app. The system facilitated self-reflection and awareness in terms of physical activity levels, encouraged interactions with the team members and helped them to stay aware of the daily goals. Additionally, the participants reported habit formation in terms of wearing and using the smartwatch on the daily basis.
Implications: This study provides preliminary support that accessible information via the custom smartwatch watchface can be a viable solution for retaining higher participant engagement during group dynamics-based community interventions. Such devices can help expand group-dynamics interventions by making them less depended on in-person delivery methods.Master of Science
Physical inactivity of the general population is a major public health concern in the US and around the world. Community-based interventions, with group dynamics strategies at the core, are effective at improving individual physical activity behaviors. The use of technologies such as smartwatches has potential to channel and amplify the underlying program principles in such interventions. This work presents a smartwatch-centered system to encourage group cohesion in physical activity interventions, exploring it as part of an eight-week study that revealed participant awareness of group performance through smartwatch interactions.
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DiPillo, Kaija A. "Diversity, Cohesion, and Groupthink in Higher Education: Group Characteristics and Groupthink Symptoms in Student Groups." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1558780869354439.
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Castro, Hernandez Alberto. "Content and Temporal Analysis of Communications to Predict Task Cohesion in Software Development Global Teams." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984118/.
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Virtual teams in industry are increasingly being used to develop software, create products, and accomplish tasks. However, analyzing those collaborations under same-time/different-place conditions is well-known to be difficult. In order to overcome some of these challenges, this research was concerned with the study of collaboration-based, content-based and temporal measures and their ability to predict cohesion within global software development projects. Messages were collected from three software development projects that involved students from two different countries. The similarities and quantities of these interactions were computed and analyzed at individual and group levels. Results of interaction-based metrics showed that the collaboration variables most related to Task Cohesion were Linguistic Style Matching and Information Exchange. The study also found that Information Exchange rate and Reply rate have a significant and positive correlation to Task Cohesion, a factor used to describe participants' engagement in the global software development process. This relation was also found at the Group level. All these results suggest that metrics based on rate can be very useful for predicting cohesion in virtual groups. Similarly, content features based on communication categories were used to improve the identification of Task Cohesion levels. This model showed mixed results, since only Work similarity and Social rate were found to be correlated with Task Cohesion. This result can be explained by how a group's cohesiveness is often associated with fairness and trust, and that these two factors are often achieved by increased social and work communications. Also, at a group-level, all models were found correlated to Task Cohesion, specifically, Similarity+Rate, which suggests that models that include social and work communication categories are also good predictors of team cohesiveness. Finally, temporal interaction similarity measures were calculated to assess their prediction capabilities in a global setting. Results showed a significant negative correlation between the Pacing Rate and Task Cohesion, which suggests that frequent communications increases the cohesion between team members. The study also found a positive correlation between Coherence Similarity and Task Cohesion, which indicates the importance of establishing a rhythm within a team. In addition, the temporal models at individual and group-levels were found to be good predictors of Task Cohesion, which indicates the existence of a strong effect of frequent and rhythmic communications on cohesion related to the task. The contributions in this dissertation are three fold. 1) Novel use of Temporal measures to describe a team's rhythmic interactions, 2) Development of new, quantifiable factors for analyzing different characteristics of a team's communications, 3) Identification of interesting factors for predicting Task Cohesion levels among global teams.
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Von, Fintel Marisa. "Social mobility and cohesion in post-apartheid South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96872.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Twenty years after the end of apartheid, South Africa remains one of the most unequal countries in the world. Socio-economic polarisation is entrenched by the lack of social capital and interactions across racial and economic divides, blocking pathways out of poverty. This dissertation examines social mobility and cohesion in post-apartheid South Africa by considering three related topics. Chapter 2 of the dissertation examines the impact of school quality on the academic performance of disadvantaged learners as one of the most important enforcing factors perpetuating the social and economic divides. Given the historic racial and economic stratification of the South African public school system, many black children are sent to historically white public schools as a way to escape poverty. Using longitudinal data, this chapter estimates the effect of attending a historically white school on the numeracy and literacy scores of black children. The main challenge is to address the selection bias in the estimates, for which a value-added approach is implemented in order to control for unobserved child-specific heterogeneity. In addition, various household covariates are used to control for household-level differences among children. The results indicate that the attendance of a former white school has a large and statistically significant impact on academic performance in both literacy and numeracy which translates into more than a year’s worth of learning. The main finding is robust to various robustness checks. In Chapter 3 the dissertation examines social cohesion by considering the concept of reference groups used in the evaluation of relative standing in utility functions. The chapter develops a model in which various parameters are allowed to enter the utility function without linearity constraints in order to determine the weight placed on the well-being of individuals in the same race group as the respondent versus all the other race groups living in one of three specified geographic areas. The findings suggest that reference groups have shifted away from a purely racial delineation to a more inclusive one subsequent to the country’s first democratic elections in 1994. Although most of the weight is still placed on same-race relative standing, the estimates suggest that individuals from other race groups also enter the utility function. The chapter also examines the spatial variation of reference groups and finds evidence that the relative standing of close others (such as neighbours) enter the utility function positively while individuals who live further away (strangers) enter the utility function negatively. Finally, Chapter 4 provides a summary of the dynamics of income in South Africa, using longitudinal household data. Chapter 4 is aimed at separating structural trends in income from stochastic shocks and measurement error, and makes use of an asset-based approach. It first estimates the percentage of individuals who were in chronic poverty between 2010 and 2012 and then estimates the shape of structural income dynamics in order to test for the existence of one or more dynamic equilibrium points, which would be indicative of the existence of a poverty trap. The findings do not provide any evidence for the existence of a poverty trap. In addition, contrary to earlier findings, the results do not provide evidence for the existence of an asset-based threshold at which the structural income accumulation paths of households bifurcate. Instead, the results seem to indicate the existence of a threshold beyond which structural income remains persistent with very little upward mobility. The robustness of the results is confirmed by making use of control functions in order to correct for any measurement error which may exist in the data on assets.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Twintig jaar nadat apartheid beëindig is word Suid-Afrika steeds as een van die wêreld se mees ongelyke lande gekenmerk. Sosio-ekonomiese polarisasie word verskans deur die gebrek aan sosiale kapitaal en interaksies tussen rassegroepe en ekonomiese klasse, wat lei tot die versperring van roetes uit armoede. Hierdie proefskrif bestudeer sosiale mobiliteit en samehorigheid in post-apartheid Suid- Afrika deur middel van drie verwante onderwerpe. Hoofstuk 2 van hierdie proefskrif ondersoek die impak van skoolkwaliteit op die akademiese prestasie van benadeelde leerders as een van die belangrikste faktore wat huidige sosiale en ekonomiese skeidings afdwing. Gegewe die historiese verdeling van die openbare skoolstelsel volgens ras en ekonomiese status, word heelwat swart kinders na historiese blanke skole gestuur ten einde armoede te ontsnap. Deur gebruik te maak van paneeldata word die impak van skoolbywoning van ’n historiese blanke skool op die geletterheid van swart kinders - in beide wiskunde en Engels - beraam. Die grootste uitdaging is om enige sydigheid in die beramings aan te spreek, waarvoor daar van ’n waarde-toevoegings inslag gebruik gemaak word ten einde te kontroleer vir enige individuele heterogeniteit. ’n Verskeidenheid kontroles op die vlak van die huishouding word gebruik ten einde te kontroleer vir verskille tussen kinders uit verkillende huishoudings. Die resultate dui daarop dat bywoning van ’n historiese wit skool ’n groot en statisties beduidende impak op die akademiese prestasie van beide wiskundige asook litterêre geletterdheid het, wat omgeskakel kan word in meer as ’n jaar se leerwerk. ’n Verskeidenheid verifikasie toetse bevestig die geldigheid van die resultate. Hoofstuk 3 van die proefskrif bestudeer sosiale samehorigheid deur die samestelling van verwysingsgroepe in die evaluasie van relatiewe posisionering in nutsfunksies te oorweeg. Die hoofstuk ontwikkel ’n model waarin verskeie parameters sonder liniêre beperkings in die nutsfunksie toegelaat word ten einde die gewig te beraam wat geplaas word op die welstand van individue in dieselfde rasgroep as die respondent teenoor al die ander rasgroepe wat in een van drie gespesifiseerde geografiese areas woon. Die bevindings dui daarop dat, na die land se eerste demokratiese verkiesings in 1994, die definiering van verwysingsgroepe weggeskuif het van ’n verdeling volgens ras na ’n meer inklusiewe definisie. Alhoewel meeste van die gewig steeds geplaas word op relatiewe posisionering teenoor individue van dieselfde ras, dui die beramings daarop dat individue van ander rassegroepe ook ingesluit word in die nutsfunksie. Die hoofstuk beoordeel ook die ruimtelike variasie van verwysingsgroepe en bevind dat die relatiewe posisionering van nabye individue (soos byvoorbeeld bure) die nutsfunksie positief beïnvloed terwyl individue wat vêr weg woon (vreemdelinge) die nutsfunksie negatief beïnvloed. Hoofstuk 4 van die proefskrif sluit af met ’n opsomming van die inkomste dinamika in Suid-Afrika, deur gebruik te maak van paneelhuishoudingdata. Die laaste hoofstuk mik om die strukturele tendens in inkomste van enige stogastiese skokke en metingsfoute te isoleer en maak gebruik van ’n bate-gebasseerde inslag. Dit beraam eerstens die persentasie van individue wat in kroniese armoede verkeer het tussen 2010 en 2012 en beraam dan die vorm van die strukturele inkomste dinamika. Dit word gedoen ten einde vir die bestaan van een of meer dinamiese ekwilibrium punte te toets, wat aanduidend sou wees van die bestaan van ’n armoedestrik. Die bevindings bied nie enige bewyse vir die bestaan van ’n armoedestrik nie. Ook bied die resultate geen bewyse vir die bestaan van ’n bategebasseerde drempel waar die strukturele inkomste akkumulasieroetes van huishoudings vertak nie, in teenstelling met vorige resultate. In plaas daarvan, blyk die resultate te dui op die bestaan van ’n drempel waarna strukturele inkomste volhardend bly met baie min opwaardse mobiliteit. Die geldigheid van die resultate word bevestig deur gebruik te maak van kontrolefunksies ten einde te korrigeer vir enige metingsfoute wat moontlik in die data van bates mag bestaan.
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Reed, Kelly Layne Ray Dee C. "An exploration study of the relationship between effectiveness of filial therapy training groups and group cohesion." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9832.
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Cabrera, Joseph Fredrick. "Planning Social Capital: New Uranism in the Formation of Social Interaction, Social Connection, and Community Satisfaction." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195360.
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Over the past fifty or so years there has been a well examined decline in socialconnections and many other facets of American communities (Fischer 1982; Putnam2000; Freeman 2001; McPherson, Smith-Lovin, & Brashears 2006; Dunham-Jones &Williamson 2009). New urbanism has been proposed as a tool to reverse some of thissocial decline in communities. This study seeks to understand the possible socialconnective benefits of new urbanism in a number of ways. First, a new urbanistcommunity is compared to a similar adjacent community that also happens to betraditional suburban community. The study examines differences between the twocommunities in terms of social connections, social interactions, and communitysatisfaction. Second, the study examines individual design elements of new urbanism to understand their relationships with social interactions and social connections. This study also examines community cohesion in terms of diverse social interactions and bridging ties. Previous studies suggest that bridging ties are more likely to be formed between persons who are connected with weaker social bonds (Granovetter, 1973) as well as persons who interact through spontaneous rather than planned forms of social interaction (Molm, Collett, & Schaefer 2007). Lastly, this study seeks to understand if any of the new urbanist design strategies examined are related to bridging ties. The findings of this study suggested that new urbanist communities do have more social interactions, social connections, and community satisfaction than do traditional suburban communities. The findings also suggested that four new urbanist design strategies: porches, community meetings, and mixed-use zoning are positively related to social interactions and social connections. Moreover, findings suggested that persons connected by weaker social bonds are indeed more likely to have bridging ties, however, they did not support the idea that persons who have more spontaneous interactions will also be more likely to have bridging ties. Lastly, the findings indicated that of all the new urbanist design strategies, only the neighborhood business center was positively related to bridging ties. Conversely, a negative relationship was found between resident's who use their porches and bridging ties.
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D'Andreta, Daniela. "Urban cohesion and resident social networks : an analysis of spatial, structural and ideational forms of interaction and consequences for deprived neighbourhoods." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/urban-cohesion-and-resident-social-networks-an-analysis-of-spatial-structural-and-ideational-forms-of-interaction-and-consequences-for-deprived-neighbourhoods(81224fab-855f-4131-bf4b-d286cf542603).html.
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Most studies of 'cohesion' between urban residents focus separately on either social network structure or ideations with very little attention given to the intersection between spatial, structural and ideational dimensions of networks. This is problematic on two levels: firstly because attitudes and practices are formed in the context of personal social networks; and secondly because social interactions between residents are physically embodied and therefore spatially constrained. This thesis explores empirically the relationship between spatial cohesion (the extent to which a network is geographically localised or dispersed), structural cohesion (the extent to which a network is tight-knit or fragmented) and ideational cohesion (the extent to which residents have similar attitudes and practices). The social networks, attitudes and practices of white-British residents living in deprived urban localities of North Manchester are studied (survey, n=409; interview, n=53). Variances in forms of cohesion were found to have consequences for residents and localities. At the individual level, the spatial and structural shape of a resident's network was linked to their attitudes and behaviours. Attitudes and practices were 'framed' in the context of personal network structure exhibited through a set of resident 'roles'. This matters for urban cohesion because a person's social network structure influenced whether they liked their neighbourhood, trusted other residents, felt a sense of community or had found jobs through contacts. Previous studies have argued that contemporary urban networks have become fluid, dynamic and spatially dispersed. Yet this research found that although some people had networks that were geographically spread, most resident networks were made of localised, tight-knit, stable, long-term relations. Moreover, people with these cohesive, localised networks framed their experiences of urban cohesion differently to those with geographically spread and/or disconnected social networks. Particularly because the attitudes and practices of residents with localised, cohesive networks were very often habitual and socially reproduced. Social networks focus people's activities in such a way that not only constrains or enables current attitudes and practices but can also affect an individual's ability to change their future behaviour. At the locality level, the type of 'deprived' locality seemed to influence network structure. The structural, spatial and ideational distribution of cohesion at locality level provided neighbourhoods with different portfolios of social capital. Qualitative differences were observed between homogeneous-deprived (very low income, white areas) and socially mixed-deprived (white deprived areas with some class/ethnic mix) localities. People living in deprived-homogenous localities concentrated their networks within the local area and had few ties to residents of bordering areas, a sign of social distance. Conversely, residents of socially mixed-deprived localities had more potential to bridge ties to other neighbourhoods because their networks were not overly focused within the local area. Given that attitudes and practices are framed in the context of social network structure, it was argued that residents of deprived-homogeneous and socially mixed-deprived areas may experience and interpret urban cohesion differently and this has implications for universal policies of cohesion in deprived neighbourhoods. The thesis illustrates the interplay between spatial, structural and ideational forms of cohesion and highlights consequences for individual action and the generation of neighbourhood social capital. The originality of analysis and data synthesis are used to advance a relational and contextualised theory of urban cohesion and contribute to wider academic and policy debates on urban social networks and neighbourhood deprivation.
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Eriksson, Martin Michael, and Robin Lindström. "International Assignments : An updated picture of important factors for expatriate spouse adjustment." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-202287.
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Although several scholars have argued that the spouses failure to adjust is one of the main reasons expatriate employees return prematurely from international assignments, research about spouse adjustment is scarce, and existing research about the phenomenon was conducted almost two decades ago. Therefore, our research was conducted in order to empirically examine theoretical variables that historically relate to host country adjustment of the spouse in order to see if these variables are still valid today. The present study focused on personality, family characteristics and anticipatory and in-country adjustment variables of the intercultural adjustment of expatriate spouses. Among a sample of 105 expatriate spouses it was shown that the variables measuring time in host-country, positive pre-move opinion held by the spouse, living conditions at least equal to home, cultural novelty, personality traits, and family cohesion were significant moderators of the adjustment to the new country of the spouse. We could also show that the adjustment of the spouse affects the adjustment of the expatriate, thus increasing the relevance for companies to aim more attention to the spouse well-being. An area for future research could be to investigate more closely if there is different effectiveness of different types of training.
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Sallie, Amiena. "Investigating the use of electronic communication and its impact on faculty staff members at a selected university of technology in South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/3024.
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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019The Fourth Industrial Revolution has entrenched the use of communication technologies in the workplace owing to their advantages. However, these same technologies can also present challenges for organisations, especially when employees become too dependent on them, for example, using emails as a sole form of communication. Consequently, this impacts staff interaction, their interpersonal communication, as well as staff cohesion negatively. The main objective of this research study was to establish if faculty staff rely excessively on email communication, resulting in reduced interpersonal communication, staff cohesion, and staff interaction. The researcher used an interpretive phenomenological quantitative research approach in a case study at the Faculty of Business and Management Sciences at UoT X with the aim to understand participants’ email experiences. The sample frame comprised 438 staff members, while the study adopted a non-probability sampling method. The findings revealed that a majority of the employees rely on electronic communication to communicate important information to other staff members in spite of the fact that they did not receive any formal training to use email in a professional business environment. Moreover, the research found that over-reliance on email communication impacted negatively on relationships amongst faculty staff, whilst poor interpersonal communication was a major cause of conflict and misunderstandings, as shown in the literature. Faculty staff should be encouraged to interact with their colleagues on a face-to-face basis, and should only resort to using electronic communication in urgent contexts. Staff relations are built and strengthened by sharing experiences, interacting both formally and informally, resolving disagreements, and encouraging interpersonal dialogue, diversity and tolerance through interactions. Furthermore, faculties should create social environments such as off-campus research retreats, university sports events, conferences, recreational tours, and subject clusters to aid sharing experiences, and staff cohesion.
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Reed, Kelly Layne. "An exploration study of the relationship between effectiveness of filial therapy training groups and group cohesion." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9832/.
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This study examined the relationship of group cohesion among heterogeneous and homogeneous groups on individual treatment outcome of child-parent relationship therapy (CPRT). CPRT is a filial therapy model that targets the parent-child relationship as a means for preventing or improving child and/or family problems. This study included 30 parents or caregivers from 9 groups which met for 10 sessions. Participants qualified for this study if their groups ended with at least 3 group members and 2 leaders, all pretest and posttest data on their child between the ages of 2-11 was completed, and if they attended at least 6 of the 10 sessions. Correlation coefficients, t-tests, and effect sizes were calculated. Results demonstrated no statistically significant differences between pretests and posttests on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for all 30 participants; however, differences in measured effect (η2) between children identified with borderline and clinical behavior problems and children with normal behavior problems suggest that CPRT is more effective among children who demonstrate significant behavior problems. Perceived and observed group cohesion measurements demonstrated no significant difference at the individual outcome level. This finding suggests that group cohesion may not be related to individual outcome. Although there was no significant relationship between group cohesion and individual outcome for this study, results of the group measurements regarding engagement and group cohesiveness, coupled with previous studies on CPRT effectiveness, suggest that CPRT should be utilized in homogeneous groups.
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Paula, Orlando de. "Noções de coesão na visão de formandos em Letras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-14102009-162646/.
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar as noções de coesão textual que se manifestam nos procedimentos lingüísticos de formandos do curso de Letras e como se manifestam, para, assim, reconhecer a concepção que esses alunos têm de coesão textual. O corpus sob análise foi produzido por formandos do curso de Letras de universidades públicas e particulares do Brasil ao responderem à questão de Lingüística e Língua Portuguesa da prova do Exame Nacional de Cursos-2001 (Provão), a qual tinha como pressuposto o conhecimento sobre coesão textual, pois versava sobre o uso de mecanismos coesivos em um texto produzido por uma menina de 10 anos. O percurso metodológico a que esta pesquisa obedece parte da verificação de como a presença ou a ausência de noções de coesão são marcadas nesses textos. A sustentação deste trabalho, do ponto de vista teórico, está no pressuposto de que a manifestação verbal do discurso desses universitários se dá por sujeitos constituídos social e historicamente. Para tanto, está fundamentado em uma perspectiva enunciativo-discursiva, apoiando-se no conceito de interacionismo dialógico bakhtiniano entre interlocutores e entre discursos, e, em decorrência dessa relação interdiscursiva, no conceito de heterogeneidade(s) enunciativa(s) de Authier-Revuz (1990). De acordo com os resultados, as formas de manifestação de noções de coesão textual ocorreram por meio de marcas relacionadas com o conceito de heterogeneidade mostrada marcada e não-marcada, caracterizando diversas noções de coesão textual com ancoragem em uma concepção tradicional de linguagem.This research goal is to verify if the notions of textual cohesion are presented in the linguistic procedures of Letters course students, and if so, how they are presented. These information will make it possible to recognize the conception that theses students have about the textual cohesion. The corpus under analysis was produced by students of public and private Letters course graduation in Brazil while they answered to the Linguistic and Portuguese tests from the National Courses Examination 2001 (PROVÃO), which had as based theory the knowledge of textual cohesion, since it was about the use of cohesion mechanisms in a text which was produced by a 10 year girl. This research methodology is part of a verification of how a presence or absence of cohesion notions are marked in these texts. This work is based on the theories that support the idea that the verbal manifestation of the university students discourse is historically and socially constructed. This way it is based on an enunciativediscursive perspective, having support on the bakhtinian dialogic interactionism between interlocutors and speeches and, in result of this interdiscoursive relation, from Authier- Revuzs enunciative heterogeneity concept. The results show that the forms of manifestation of textual cohesion notions are presented by means of marks related to the marked and unmarked heterogeneity concept, which shows many different notions of textual cohesion with support on a traditional conception of language.
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Scherman, Vanessa. "School climate instrument a pilot study in Pretoria and environs /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02232005-074243.
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Hallesson, Yvonne. "Textsamtal som lässtöttande aktivitet : Fallstudier om textsamtals möjligheter och begränsningar i gymnasieskolans historieundervisning." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för språkdidaktik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-115491.
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This thesis investigates how various text-talks, i.e. text-focused classroom discussions, may scaffold students’ reading of specialised texts in upper secondary school. The study consists of qualitative case studies based on classroom observations of two teachers’ History instruction, focusing on parts defined as text-talks. An intervention study was conducted where one teacher worked with two text-talk approaches. The research questions regard how students move in relation to the text in the text-talks and how text content is incorporated, what scaffolding structures emerge, and whether and how the text-talks differ. A secondary aim is to generate theories concerning the potentials and limitations of text-talk as a reading scaffold. Analyses were done in terms of text movability to show reading positions, intertextual cohesion to show relations between source text and text-talk, and scaffolding which includes peer scaffolding, teacher scaffolding and the text-talks as a scaffold per se. A methodological contribution is the development of a model for content-based analyses of authentic text-talks. The results show that in text-talks that work as a scaffold, students take the expected positions toward the text, and the talks are clearly related to the source text, by means of lexical and conjunctive cohesion that is often varied and built-out. For more demanding texts, the students show dynamic text movability and move between exploring contents, subject field and context. Other characteristics are either peer scaffolding showing dialogicity and negotiation of meaning, or teacher scaffolding enabling students to progress and develop tools for text reception. The intervention approaches seem to scaffold reading to a greater extent than text-talks within ordinary instruction where the framing is weak. In conclusion, the results suggest that both student- and teacher-led text-talks may scaffold reading, but they need to be well planned and prepared with a structured framing.
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Kowalski, Benjamin John. "Transient SH-Wave Interaction with a Cohesive Interface." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1417706326.
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Mattar, Joe. "An investigation of tunnel-soil-pile interaction in cohesive soils /." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112577.
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Underground tunnels are considered to be a vital infrastructure component in most cities around the world. Careful planning is always necessary to ensure minimum impact on nearby surface and subsurface structures. This thesis describes the experimental and numerical investigations carried out at McGill University to examine the effect of existing pile foundation on the stresses developing in a newly constructed tunnel supported by a flexible lining system. A small scale testing facility was designed and built to simulate the process of tunnel excavation and lining installation in the close vicinity of pre-installed piles. Lining stresses were measured for different separation distances between the tunnel and the existing piles. Significant decrease in circumferential stresses was observed when the lining was installed at a distance that ranges between one to three times the tunnel diameter from the piles. Two-dimensional finite element analyses were also conducted to investigate the different aspects of the pile-soil-lining interaction including lining deformation, axial forces and bending moments. The measured lining stresses agreed with those obtained using finite element analysis. The results presented in this study provided an insight into understanding an important aspect of this soil-structure interaction problem.
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Lubovac, Zelmina. "Identifying functionally and topologically cohesive modules in protein interaction networks." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2162.
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Systems biology offers a holistic perspective where individual proteins are viewed as elements in a network of protein-protein interactions, in which the proteins have contextual functions within functional modules. In order to facilitate the identification and analysis of such modules, we here propose novel approaches that combine knowledge, in terms of Gene Ontology annotation with network topology information. The majority of previous methods for identifying modules in protein interaction networks are based solely on analysing topological features of the networks. In contrast, we propose the use of integrated functionally informed clustering coefficients to identitY biologically plausible network modules. The main part of the thesis is focused on the method named SWEMODE (Semantic WEights for MODule Elucidation), which uses a weighted clustering coefficient to identify network functional modules. We demonstrate that the proposed methods are able to identify the key functional modules in protein interaction networks. We also investigate the functional and topological features of the proteins that are involved in mul~iple modules, as well as their role in the interconnectivity between modules: The -results indicate that the majority of, so called multi-modular proteins are involved in the assembly and arrangement of cell structures, such as the cell wall and cell envelope.
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Uluocak, Pelin. "Designing a new cross-linkable cohesin complex for studying cohesin's interaction with DNA." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3d08cf00-1b2e-41a4-893c-91b8fc6c7c80.
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Sister chromatid cohesion is essential for accurate chromosome segregation. Cohesion is generated by cohesin, a conserved multi-subunit protein complex composed of four core subunits: Smc1, Smc3, Scc1, and Scc3. Cohesin holds sister chromatids together in mitotic cells starting from S-phase, when DNA replicates, until their separation at the onset of anaphase where its Scc1 subunit is cleaved. In budding yeast, most Scc1 is destroyed by cleavage at anaphase and is only re-synthesised in late G1, whereupon it associates with the unreplicated chromatin. Although sister chromatid cohesion is known to be mediated by a topological interaction of cohesin complexes around sister DNAs, the nature of cohesin`s interaction with chromatin before DNA replication remains to be elucidated. My project aims to develop a new system in order to find out whether ‘non-cohesive’ cohesin interacts with chromatin topologically. This is important for two main reasons. Firstly, understanding the physical nature of cohesin’s interaction with chromatin before DNA replication is essential for determining how cohesion is established during DNA replication. Another reason is that most cohesin in multicellular organisms is associated with the unreplicated chromatin of post mitotic cells where it regulates transcription. How cohesin mediates gene expression is unknown. Understanding how cohesin binds unreplicated chromatin may therefore bring insights into the mechanisms by which cohesin complex performs its non-canonical functions. In order to address this, we needed a situation where cohesin is already loaded onto chromosomes, but either DNA replication or cohesion establishment is prevented. Therefore, we used a temperature sensitive allele of Eco1 (required for establishment of cohesion). Quantitative measurement of cohesin levels on chromosomes in either wild type allele or temperature sensitive allele of Eco1 showed that the amount of cohesin associated with centromeric and inner pericentromeric regions in both strains are almost indistinguishable from each other throughout the whole cell cycle. Despite normal levels of cohesin, we confirmed by minichromosomal assay that no sister chromatid cohesion is established in the absence of functional Eco1 protein. If “non-cohesive” cohesin interacts with the chromatin in a topological manner when there is no sister chromatid cohesion, then its association with chromatin should be resistant to denaturing conditions in the presence of a modified version of the cohesin complex that can be covalently circularized. To test this prediction, a cross-linkable cohesin molecule was needed, which should be resistant to SDS denaturation and should not have major cohesion defects due to the modifications making it to be cross-linkable. The previously created cross-linkable cohesin molecule had cohesion defects due to the presence of Smc3-Scc1 fusion protein. In addition, this fusion alone could bypass the requirement for Eco1, and therefore we could not test how “non-cohesive” cohesin interacts with chromatin, using this version of cross-linkable cohesin complex. We tried two different methods to conditionally close Smc3/Scc1 interface in a way resistant to protein-denaturants and create a new cross-linkable cohesin complex. In our first attempt, the C-terminus of Smc3 and the N-terminus of Scc1 were fused to FRB and FKBP12 respectively, proteins that can form a complex upon addition of rapamycin. Crystal structure of the ternary complex of FKP12/rapamycin/FRB enabled us to design cysteine pairs for the crosslinking of FRB and FKBP12 only in the presence of rapamycin. A more efficient in vivo crosslinking was achieved between the Smc3 and Scc1 in our second attempt. Amino acids within the coiled coil region of Smc3 were replaced by the unnatural photo-cross-linkable amino acid ρ-benzoyl-phenylalanine that can be induced to form covalent bonds with neighbouring proteins (T.Gligoris, unpublished data). Photo and chemically cross-linkable interfaces of cohesin were then integrated with each other to generate a new version of cross-linkable cohesin molecule.
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Mooneyham, Christian David. "Interaction of Clay Wash Load With Gravel Beds." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84547.
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This study focuses on the interaction of wash load particles with gravel bed rivers. The effects of excess fine sediment loading to streams on general water quality, contaminant transport, and benthic organism mortality has been well examined. A fundamental assumption in fluvial geomorphology and river engineering is that wash load particles ($d<63mu m$) do not deposit to stream beds, but are instead transported downstream until they deposit in reservoirs or estuaries. The goal of this study is to determine if wash load sized particles can deposit to gravel beds, where within the bed substrate deposition occurs, under what hydraulic conditions it occurs, and how the composition of the bed affects the spatial and temporal deposition pattern. Further, this study attempts to quantify the mass flux of wash load to the bed based on a simple mass conservation model using the aforementioned conditions as model parameters. This was accomplished through a series of experiments in which a mixture of pure kaolinite clay was allowed to deposit at constant shear over an acrylic, gravel, or sand-gravel mixture. Discharge was then increased to determine the effects of increased bed shear stress on deposited material and further wash load interaction with the bed.
Results indicate that wash load will deposit to acrylic, gravel, and sand-gravel beds during conditions where no bedload movement is occurring. Bed composition is the primary factor controlling the mass flux of wash load from the water column to the bed. Deposition on acrylic beds forms clay ripples which translate downstream, while deposition in porous beds occurs primarily within the bed substrate. Shear stress also affects mass flux and the magnitude of its effects are related to the bed composition. Discharge increases below the threshold of bedload movement only cause large scale entrainment of deposited particles over non-porous beds. Periods of higher discharge over porous beds result in continued deposition within the bed substrates.
This research enhances not only our knowledge of sediment processes within fluvial systems, but also allows for the quantification of the wash load portion of those processes given minimal initial condition information. The model developed here may be used within larger hydrologic models when examining contaminant spills or mass loading of stream networks with wash load to estimate the mass deposition to the bed. Instances where wash load is contaminated the mass of contaminated sediment retained by the bed is of great importance to local communities given a reliance of residents on that water source for water, livelihood, and recreation.Master of Science
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Reytan, Sivan. "Identification of cancer relevant synthetic genetic interactions with cohesin mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61806.
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Cancer therapy is changing. Whole genome sequencing technologies are advancing at an unprecedented pace, opening new opportunities for the genotype-driven personalized treatment of cancer. Synthetic Lethality (SL) based therapeutics have emerged as promising approaches to target cancer-specific somatic mutations, by targeting a second gene that is required for viability in the presence of a tumor-specific mutation. The targetable set of SL partner genes can be expanded by screening for a conditional SL interaction, in which loss of function of two genes results in sensitivity to low doses of a DNA-damaging agent, a concept we have called Synthetic Cytotoxicity (SC). SC also has the potential to expand the number of genotypes that can be treated with existing chemotherapeutics and to improve the efficacy of these therapeutics. In contrast to SL and SC negative genetic interactions, Phenotypic Suppression (PS) describes a genetic interaction in which the double mutant cell is more fit than anticipated based on the fitness of each single mutant.
The model organism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to screen for SC interactions with cohesin-mutated genes, with the aim of identifying cross-species candidate genes that could be followed up in subsequent studies as SL-based cancer-drug targets. The cohesin complex is frequently mutated across a wide range of tumors and is conserved from yeast to man. We used Synthetic Genetic Array (SGA) technology, a high-throughput genetic method available in yeast, to screen cohesin-mutated strains for synthetic lethal genetic interactions against an array of 310 deletions affecting mainly DNA damage response genes. The screens were done in the presence and absence of four clinically-relevant genotoxic agents. We screened and analyzed 4,650 potential genetic interactions, identifying hundreds of negative and positive interactions, belonging to conserved biological pathways, and potentially relevant to cancer. Using ScanLag, a new validation method, we re-tested and validated several genetic interactions that represent potential therapeutic candidates. These strong SL, SC and PS interactions can be further analyzed in mammalian cells to potentially inform and improve individual cancer therapies as personalized medicine treatments, and lead to the discovery of new pathways or candidates for anti-cancer treatments.Medicine, Faculty of
Medical Genetics, Department of
Graduate
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Thomas-Claudepierre, Anne-Sophie. "The cohesin and mediator complexes control immunoglobulin class switch recombination." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ112/document.
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Lors des réponses immunitaires, les lymphocytes B diversifient leur répertoire par l’hypermutation somatique (HMS) et la commutation isotypique (CI). Ces deux mécanismes sont dépendant de l’activité de « activation-induced cytidine deaminase » (AID), une enzyme qui déamine les cytosines de l’ADN en uraciles générant des mésappariements qui sont processés différemment dans le cas de l’HMS et de la CI. Au cours de la CI, le locus de la chaîne lourde des immunoglobulines subit un changement de conformation qui rapproche les promoteurs, les enhancers et les régions de switch afin de permettre la recombinaison des régions de switch. Cependant, les mécanismes moléculaires sous-jacents n’ont pas encore été identifié. Dans le but de comprendre les mécanismes de régulation d’AID, nous avons réalisé un criblage protéomique et identifié CTCF ainsi que les complexes médiateur et cohésine qui constituent des facteurs préalablement impliqués dans les interactions longues distances. Au cours de ce travail de thèse, nous avons montré que le complexe médiateur est requis pour la transcription de la région de switch acceptrice, pour l’interaction de cette dernière avec l’enhancer Eµ et pour le recrutement d’AID au locus des IgH. D’un autre côté, nous avons montré que le complexe cohésine est impliqué dans la réparation des cassures induites par AID et qu’il pourrait être impliqué dans la recombinaison des régions de switchDuring immune responses, B cells diversify their repertoire through somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR). Both of these mechanisms are dependent on the activity of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), an enzyme that deaminates cytosines into uracils generating mismatches that are differentially processed to result in SHM and CSR. During CSR, the Ig heavy chain (IgH) locus undergoes dynamic three-dimensional structural changes in which promoters, enhancers and switch regions are brought into close proximity. Nevertheless, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. To gain insight into the molecular mechanism responsible for AID regulation during CSR, we performed a proteomic screen for AID partners and identified CTCF, cohesin and mediator complexes, which are factors previously implicated in long-range interactions. We showed that during CSR, the mediator complex is required for acceptor switch region transcription, long-range interaction between the enhancer and the acceptor switch region and AID recruitment to the IgH locus whereas the cohesin complex is required for proper AID-induced breaks repair and might favor switch regions synapsis
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Skinner, Patrick Joseph. "Relational cohesion in Palaeolithic Europe : hominin-cave bear interactions in Moravia and Silesia, Czech Republic, during OIS3." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609226.
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Biswas, Sharbaree. "Study of cohesive soil-granular filter interaction incorporating critical hydraulic gradient and clogging." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060221.100311/index.html.
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Nakashima, Hiroshi. "ANALYSES OF INTERACTION BETWEEN A LUG OF LUGGED WHEEL AND WET COHESIVE SOIL." Kyoto University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/78209.
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Dedecker, Fabian. "Changements d'échelle dans les milieux granulaires à interactions complexes." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1999. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1787_fdedecker.pdf.
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Ces derniers années ont vu le développement de nombreux travaux de recherche portant sur la modélisation du comportement des matériaux granulaires à partir d'approches de type micromécanique. Ces approches doivent permettre de relier deux échelles à priori bien distinctes : celle du grain et des contacts, et celle du milieu granulaire dans son ensemble. Elles cherchent ainsi à décrire, contrairement aux modèles phénoménologiques, le comportement des matériaux granulaires à partir de considérations simples sur la physique du contact interparticulaire. L'objectif principal de cette étude est l'amélioration de ces modélisations en réalisant une analyse de certains phénomènes locaux, généralement négligés dans les modélisations actuelles. Pour mener à bien ces travaux, deux types d'approches ont été utilisés : - une approche théorique, par homogénéisation statistique fondée principalement sur la variable orientation du contact ; - une approche numérique, par utilisation d'un code de calcul basé sur la méthode des éléments discrets (PFC2D). Ces deux approches, totalement complémentaires, ont été la clé de voûte de ce travail de recherche, par une comparaison continuelle de celles-ci. Ce travail vise à analyser et améliorer trois axes de l'approche micromécanique : - la cinématique des matériaux granulaires, avec pour objectif l'étude des liens entre les cinématiques locales (roulement, glissement et déplacement des particules qui ne sont pas en contact) et le tenseur de déformation ; - l'influence des couples de contact sur le comportement microscopique et macroscopique, ainsi que l'intérêt de leur prise en compte dans les modélisations micromécaniques ; - l'étude de la rupture des milieux granulaires cimentés, avec pour objectif la détermination des propriétés macroscopiques de rupture, à partir des paramètres du comportement microscopiqueMany works concerning the behaviour of granular materials based on micromechanical approaches have been proposed during the last years. These approaches connect two very different scales : the first one concerns grain and contacts, and the second one concerns the representative volume of a granular material. In opposition to phenomenological models, micromechanical approaches try to describe the behaviour of granular materials based on simple concepts relevant of the local phenomena. The main objective of this study is the improvement of a model based on the micromechanical approach, focusing on some local phenomena, generally neglected in a classical approach. In order to do this, two kinds of approaches have been used : - a theoretical one using a statistical homogenization approach mainly based on orientation of a contact variable ; - a numerical one using a software (PFC2D) based on the Discrete Element Method. A constant comparison of the above two approaches is a key ingredient of this work. This work aims to analyse and improve three topics of micromechanical approach : - the granular materials kinematics : the goal is the study of relations between local kinematics (rolling, sliding and displacements of particles which are not in contact) and strain tensor ; - the influence of contact couples on the microscopic and macroscopic behaviour, as well as the interest of taking them into account in micromechanical approaches ; 0 the study of cemented granular materials rupture : the aim is the definition of macroscopic parameters for rupture from local microscopic characteristics
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Adam, Catherine. "Molecular balances for measuring non-covalent interactions in solution." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/16466.
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Non-covalent interactions in solution are subject to modulation by surrounding solvent molecules. This thesis presents two experimental molecular balances that have been used to quantify solvent effects on non-covalent interactions, including electrostatic and dispersion interactions. The first chapter introduces literature where non-covalent interactions have been studied in a range of solvents, particularly those where the effects of aqueous or fluorous solvents have been investigated. These solvents are of particular interest as they both invoke solvophobic effects on organic molecules, but have differing chemical and physical properties. The second chapter describes the adaptation of the Wilcox molecular torsion balance to study interactions between organic and fluorinated carbon chains in a range of solvents. Solvent cohesion was found to be the principle force driving both the alkyl and fluorous chains together in aqueous solvents, where no contribution to the interaction energy arising from dispersion forces could be detected. In fluorous and polar organic solvents evidence was found for weak favourable dispersion interactions between the alkyl chains. In contrast dispersion forces between the chains were found to be disrupted by competitive van der Waals interactions with surrounding solvent molecules in apolar organic solvents. Association of the fluorous chains was found to be solely driven by solvent cohesion. The final chapter describes the design and synthesis of a novel synthetic molecular-balance framework and describes its application to simultaneously measure solvent and substituent effects on the position of conformational equilibria. Despite the simplicity of the model system, surprisingly complicated behaviour emerged from the interplay of conformational, intramolecular and solvent effects. Nonetheless, a large data set of experimental equilibrium constants was analysed using a simple solvent model, which was able to account for both the intuitive and more unusual patterns observed. A means of dissecting electrostatic and solvent effects to reveal pseudo gas-phase behaviour has resulted from the analysis of experimental data obtained in many solvents.
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Coldiron, Kara. "THE INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF A TEXT MESSAGE INTERVENTION AND CONNECTIVITY AMONG RURAL ADOLESCENTS." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/foodsci_etds/73.
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Social cohesion among peers profoundly influences decision making during adolescence. Despite this, the current research is very limited concerning the association of social cohesion and intimacy among rural adolescent peers with dietary intake and weight outcomes. This is problematic because social cohesion could be an unknown contributing factor in obesity among rural adolescents. The purpose of this study was to investigate how social cohesion and intimacy among rural adolescents in Kentucky and North Carolina affects the outcomes of a text message intervention aimed at improving fruit, vegetable, fast food and sugar sweetened beverage intake. Additionally, to determine if social cohesion is an independent contributing factor to dietary intakes and weight outcomes among rural adolescents. It was found that the intervention had no effect on fruit and vegetable consumption and purchases and sugar sweetened beverage calories. However, the intervention did have a modest effect on the amount of times fast food was consumed per week.
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Metcalfe, Michael John. "Reaffirming regional identity : cohesive institutions and local interactions in Ionia 386-129 BC." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430123.
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This thesis is a study in intra-regional dynamics which seeks to clarify the ways in which the poleis of Ionia interacted with each other in the period 386-129 BC. It does so by means of two main studies, which are set in their historical context in chapter 2, in which it is shown that the poleis that constituted Ionia were free and autonomous for only brief stretches of time, and that it was more normal for them to be individually aligned to one or other of the higher powers of the Graeco-Roman world that periodically took an interest in the region. In spite of this mixed political context, in which these alignments split the region into separate camps rather than preserved it as a single unity, the Ionian poleis maintained and developed a series of cohesive institutions that linked them together as an externally and internally defined group. The creation of joint religious sites at a variety of locations, the group celebration of festivals and sacrifices, and the existence of a religious amphictiony (the Koinon of the Ionians), all served to preserve this exclusive identity throughout this period. This picture of regional identity and harmony contrasts with the evidence for local interactions between the Ionian poleis, and between the Ionian poleis and their non-Ionian neighbours, which attests occasional outbreaks of warfare, raiding, and a need for arbitration and external judgements, although the general situation was one of calm. No distinction can be made in the forms of interaction that occurred between the Ionian poleis and between the Ionian and non-Ionian poleis, and the regional identity thus seems to have had little importance in local politics. Comparison of the regional and local forms of interaction shows that each performed a specific purpose that did not impact on the other, although both were, and continued to be, of great importance to each of the Ionian poleis.
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Grommes, Patrick. "Prinzipien kohärenter Kommunikation." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät II, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15615.
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Die Dissertation zeigt, dass die Prinzipien kohärenter Kommunikation auf psycholinguistisch begründete Prinzipien der Textproduktion zurückzuführen sind. Die gemeinsame Basis von Text- und Dialogproduktion ist die Quaestio, die als leitende Frage Vorgaben für den Aufbau eines Textes, aber auch einer einzelnen Äußerung macht. Im Text sichert die Quaestio Kohärenz, indem die Textbausteine auf der konzeptuellen Ebene – und nicht allein durch lexikalische oder grammatische Mittel – verknüpft werden. Das bedeutet, dass Kohärenzherstellung eine kognitive Leistung ist, die nicht allein rezeptiv zu erbringen ist, sondern auch bei der Sprachproduktion die Beachtung von Planungsvorgaben verlangt. Zunächst werden die Begriffe Kohärenz und Kohäsion und verschiedene Ansätze zu ihrer Beschreibung diskutiert. Außerdem werden Methoden der Dialoganalyse einander gegenüber gestellt. In dieser Diskussion werden unter anderem Rhetorical Structure Theory und Centering-Theorie behandelt. Da die Arbeit eher strukturelle mit qualitativen Analysen verbindet, werden methodische Zugänge zur Dialoganalyse wie die Konversationsanalyse, aber auch Clark’s sozialpsychologischer Ansatz der joint actions und joint activities sowie Pickering’s und Garrod’s alignment-Theorie aufgegriffen. Letztlich wird auf das Quaestio-Modell von Stutterheim zurückgegriffen, da es aus psycholinguistischer Perspektive den weitesten Erklärungsrahmen bietet. Der Hauptteil der Dissertation ist der Modell-Entwicklung anhand authentischer Gesprächsdaten gewidmet. Schließlich werden Prinzipien der Quaestio-Bearbeitung im Dialog entwickelt. Da unterschiedliche Gesprächssituationen untersucht werden, liefert diese Arbeit ein Inventar an Kohärenzprinzipien samt ihrer charakteristischen Merkmale, das nicht nur die Analyse beliebiger weiterer Gespräche erlaubt, sondern beispielsweise auch zur Entwicklung von Kommunikationsroutinen eingesetzt werden kann. So werden Anwendungsperspektiven psycholinguistischer Forschung erkennbar.This doctoral thesis shows in how far principles of coherent communication can be traced back to psycholinguistically founded principles of text production. The so-called quaestio forms the common basis of text and dialogue production. As an implicit underlying question it sets preferences for the structure of a whole text as well as a single utterance. The quaestio ensures coherence of texts on a conceptual basis rather than merely through the use of lexical or grammatical means. Thus, the production of coherence can be seen as cognitive achievement not only by listeners, but also by speakers who have to follow planning constraints. The thesis discusses the terms coherence and cohesion as well as descriptive approaches dealing with these terms. Additionally, methods of dialogue analysis are confronted with each other. This discussion treats for example Rhetorical Structure Theory and Centering-Theory. The thesis discusses diverse methodological approaches, because it combines structural with qualitative analyses. Thus approaches such as Conversation Analysis, Clark’s concept of joint actions and joint activities, but also Pickering’s and Garrod’s alignment-theory are being treated. In the end the quaestio approach by Stutterheim is chosen, because it offers the widest explanatory framework from a psycholinguistic point of view. The main part of the thesis is dedicated to detailed analyses of real-life dialogue. In conclusion, principles of quaestio management in dialogues are proposed. Because the study treats a wide variety of interaction settings, it delivers a set of principles of coherence and their typical features that allows not only for analyses of any other set of dialogues, but may also support the development of communication routines. Therefore, this thesis hints on application scenarios of psycholinguistic research.
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Boll, Pamela Guyler. "Interactional characteristics of facial pain patients and their spouses: Assessment of self-report and behavioral observation measures of cohesion, adaptability, and marital satisfaction." W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618601.
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Twenty-four facial pain patients and their spouses were videotaped answering questions concerning their relationships. This study was designed to more objectively support the clinical impressions of the MCV/VCU TMJ and Facial Pain Research Center's treatment team's view of the interactional characteristics of these couples. Prior to the team offering brief couples psychotherapy for assistance in the resolution of the pain problem, the team needed to assess the pain couples' relationship variables. Adherence to health care providers' recommendations is typically minimal unless all participants agree that specific treatment is warranted. There appears to be a lack of understanding among patients, their families, and health care providers as to the contributing factors in the maintenance and continuation of pain. This study describes the spousal unit in an effort to individualize care and treatment for temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients and their families.;The pain couples' were rated by two trained family therapists on the dimensions of Cohesion, Adaptability, Communication, and Marital Satisfaction (measured by the Clinical Rating Scale and a clinical rating (CR) of Marital Satisfaction) and compared to the self-report (SR) ratings of the pain patients and their spouses (measured by the FACES-III). The couples were placed by group (Balanced, Mid-Range, or Extreme) on the Circumplex Model, and the pain patients were examined as to their reported difference in perceived pain (sensory and affective pain measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)).;The results of the study indicate that pain patients and their spouses were highly correlated with each other on the FACES-III and were Congruent. They scored within the normative range on Cohesion and were 1.5 S.D.'s above the normative mean for adults on Adaptability. Five couples were Balanced, twelve Mid-Range, and seven Extreme as for family group on the Circumplex Model; and significant relationships were found (a) between CRS/CR and SR and (b) between groups in perceived pain.
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Costa, Cristiane Galvão da. "Avaliação das competências emocional e social de pessoas com condições de deficiência visual total praticantes de atividade física." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2005. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/336.
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The physical activities provide to innumerable benefits, with emphasis in the psychological and the social, principally for the people with visual disability conditions. The general objective was to evaluate the emotional and social competencies of people with visual disability conditions, with ages between 20 and 50 years, participants of a formal physical activity group. And as specifics objectives were: to translate an instrument for evaluation of group cohesion; to analyze the level of emotional competencies of people with visual disability conditions participants of a physical activity group; to analyze the level of social competencies of people with visual disability conditions participants of a physical activity group; and to check the existence of association between the emotional and social competencies in people with visual disability conditions who practice a physical activity. The research is characterized as descriptive-exploratory. It had participated of the research eleven people with visual disability conditions, integrant of a team that practices five-a-side football, in the SEST/SENAT, in Florianópolis-SC, Brazil. They were selected in intentional way, according to inclusion s criteria: to have total visual disability; to belong to the age between 20 and 50 years; besides to integrate the team that practices five-a-side football at least 6 months. As measure s instruments were used How to Mapping your Emotional Intelligence (COOPER; SAWAF, 1997) and the translated version of the The Group Environment Questionnaire (CARRON; BRAWLEY; WIDMEYER, 2002). And for this translation it was used the Back-Translation method (BRISLIN, 1970). The people with visual disability conditions who practice five-a-side football had presented potentialities in the majority of the emotional competencies: Intentionality, Creativity and Resilience, in the majority of the situations and same under pressure. However, they had presented difficulties and vulnerabilities in the aspects Interpersonal Connections and Constructive Discontent. About the group cohesion, the participants located in the first quartile in the aspects Individual Attractions to the Group-Social and Individual Attractions to the Group-Task, in the second quartile in the aspect Group Integration-Social and, between the second and third quartile in the aspect Group Integration-Task. In this last aspect the team presented the higher cohesion index. It was found association between Interpersonal Connections and Group Integration-Social, Constructive Discontent and Group Integration-Social, Work Pressures and Group Integration-Task, Emotional Expression and Individual Attractions to the Group-Task, and, Emotional Awareness of Others and Individual Attractions to the Group-Task. These associations reinforce the interdependency relations between the group cohesion s dimensions and the emotional competencies aspects.
As atividades físicas proporcionam inúmeros benefícios, destacando-se os psicológicos e sociais, principalmente para as pessoas com condições de deficiência visual. O objetivo geral foi avaliar as competências emocional e social de pessoas com condições de deficiência visual, com idades entre 20 e 50 anos, participantes de um grupo de atividade física formal. E como objetivos específicos: traduzir e validar um instrumento para avaliação da coesão de grupo; analisar o nível da competência emocional das pessoas com condições de deficiência visual que participam de um grupo de atividade física; analisar o nível da competência social das pessoas com condições de deficiência visual participantes de um grupo de atividade física; e, verificar a existência de associação entre as competências emocional e social em pessoas com condições de deficiência visual que praticam uma atividade física. A pesquisa é caracterizada como descritivo-exploratória. Os participantes do estudo foram compostos por onze pessoas com condições de deficiência visual, integrantes de um grupo que pratica futsal, no SEST/SENAT, em Florianópolis-SC. Estes foram selecionados de maneira intencional, conforme os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos: possuir deficiência visual total; pertencer à faixa etária entre 20 e 50 anos; além de integrar o grupo que pratica esta atividade física formal há no mínimo 6 meses. Como instrumentos de medida foram utilizados o Como Mapear sua Inteligência Emocional (COOPER; SAWAF, 1997) e Questionário de Ambiente de Grupo, traduzido do The Group Environment Questionnaire (CARRON; BRAWLEY; WIDMEYER, 2002). E para a tradução do mesmo, utilizou-se o Método Back-Translation (BRISLIN, 1970). As pessoas com condições de deficiência visual praticantes de futsal apresentaram potencialidades na maioria das competências emocionais: Intencionalidade, Criatividade e Elasticidade (Resiliência), na maioria das situações e mesmo sob pressão. Entretanto, apresentaram dificuldades e vulnerabilidades nos aspectos Conexões Interpessoais e Insatisfação Construtiva. Quanto à coesão de grupo, os participantes localizaram-se no primeiro quartil nos aspectos Atração Individual para o Grupo-Social e Atração Individual para o Grupo-Tarefa, no segundo quartil no aspecto Integração de Grupo-Social e, entre o segundo e terceiro quartis no aspecto Integração de Grupo-Tarefa. Sendo que neste último o grupo apresentou os índices mais elevados de coesão. Encontrou-se associação das Conexões Interpessoais e a Insatisfação Construtiva com a Integração de Grupo-Social; Pressões no Trabalho e Integração de Grupo-Tarefa; Expressão Emocional e Atração Individual para o Grupo-Tarefa; e, Consciência Emocional dos Outros e Atração Individual para o Grupo-Tarefa. Estas associações reforçam as relações de interdependência entre as dimensões da Coesão de Grupo e as variáveis da Competência Emocional.
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Tabane, Ramodungoane James. "Integration and learners' feelings of belonging in a desegregated former House of Delegates school." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24266.
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The first South African democratic general election of 1994 precipitated the eradication of South Africa’s separate and unequal education system. The presidential tenure of Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela brought much hope that the majority of South Africans would not have thought possible. The new era carried, among other promises, the transformation of South African policies, to ensure that all South African children would have access to a school of their choice and that no child would be turned away from school on grounds of race, ethnicity, class and/ or religion. School desegregation has been one of the means of attaining social cohesion and ensuring that all learners have access to all South African schools. School desegregation can be said to have been taking place on at least five (5) or more (taking also to consideration that there are typologies of ethnic and/ or religion desegregations taking place) different levels or typologies. These typologies are equally important as the African-to-White school migrations that have been taking place in South Africa. Thus, using a case study, this thesis - Integration and learners' feelings of belonging in a desegregated former House of Delegates school - contributes to the debates on social cohesion; desegregation and integration of the learning environment bestowed with diverse learner and teacher populations. It however traces the experiences of Black and Indian learners in a desegregated former House of Delegates school to determine the successes and possible challenges of ensuring social cohesion and racial integration at a school level. The study concludes that social cohesion and school integration is possible when the focus is learner-centered, the school environment is enabling and that feelings of belonging and integration are intertwined and it is challenging to achieve one without the other. Undertaken at a specific school context, this study does not claim that the findings are a trend in other schools although this cannot be ruled out in similar school and context. Learners in this study seemed not to be constrained by the racial classifications but defined and formed friendships along their likes, commonness, and future aspirations.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Educational Psychology
unrestricted
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Guerra, Alessandra Regina. "Funções textual-interativas dos marcadores discursivos /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86595.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Sebastião Carlos Leite GonçalvesBanca: Clélia Cândida Abreu Spinardi Jubran
Banca: Marli Quadros Leite
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é, a partir de uma análise comparativa entre as principais abordagens teóricas do estudo de Marcadores Discursivos (MDs) e da identificação de princípios elementares comuns a essas abordagens, especificar, e, assim, precisar, a definição de MDs da Gramática Textual-Interativa (GTI). Especificamente, o objetivo é levantar, no corpus selecionado, todas as unidades que preenchem os traços de um núcleo piloto definidor de MDs e, então: (i) definir funções específicas predominantemente textuais dessas unidades, como forma de especificação da variável articulação de segmentos do discurso; (ii) definir funções específicas predominantemente interacionais, como forma de especificação da variável orientação da interação (JUBRAN & KOCH, 2006); e (iii) identificar as diferentes formas morfossintáticas que funcionam como MDs e, então, possíveis correlações sistemáticas entre as formas e as (sub)funções dos MDs. A investigação teórica preliminar permitiu constatar que diferentes abordagens de MDs compartilham algum tipo de função conectiva. Com base nesse princípio da conectividade, foi especificada, e, em alguns aspectos, reformulada a definição de MDs da GTI. A parte da pesquisa referente à definição de subfunções predominantemente textuais evidenciou a necessidade de estabelecimento de critérios precisos de distinção entre seqüenciamento tópico e seqüenciamento frasal. A esse respeito, mostraram-se relevantes os seguintes critérios: (i) grau de integração sintática e semântico-pragmática entre o segmento e seu antecedente, (ii) grau de integração prosódica entre o segmento e seu antecedente, (iii) grau de relevância textual-interativa do segmento no interior do Segmento Tópico. Essa parte da análise permitiu distinguir três subfunções predominantemente textuais:... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This study aims at refining Textual-Interactive Grammar (TIG) definition of Discourse Markers (DMs) based on both a comparative analysis among the main theoretical approaches on DMs and on the identification of common principles within such theories. The investigation aims particularly at searching the corpus for all the units which match the features of a defining pilot core and then (i) defining these unitsþ predominantly textual functions as a way of specifying the discourse segments articulation variable; (ii) defining predominantly interactional functions as a way of specifying the interaction orientation variable (JUBRAN & KOCH, 2006); and (iii) identifying the different morfo-syntactic forms which function as DMs as well as possible systematic correlations between such forms and DMs (sub)functions. The preliminary theoretical investigation has shown that different approaches on DMs share some kind of connective function. TIG definition of DMs was stated and, in some aspects, reformulated according to this connective principle. The part of this investigation dealing with the definition of predominantly textual sub-functions evidenced the need to establishment accurate criteria in order to distinguish topical sequencing and clausal sequencing. As to this, the following criteria have proven to be relevant: (i) syntactic and semantic-pragmatic integration degree between the segment and its antecedent, (ii) prosodic integration degree between the segment and its antecedent, (iii) the textual-interactive relevance degree of the segment within the Topic Segment. This analysis showed the predominantly textual sub-functions: Introduction, Sequencing and Topic Segment Closing. The definition of predominantly/primarily interactional sub-functions implied a rearrangement of interaction orientation variable based on the connectivity principle what led to a proposal... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Batzenschlager, Morgane. "Diversité fonctionnelle des protéines GIPs/MZT1 (Gamma-tubulin complex protein 3- Interacting Proteins/Mitotic spindle organiZing proTein1) à l'interface nucléo-cytoplasmique chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ030.
Full textAbstract:
Chez Arabidopsis, l’enveloppe nucléaire constitue un site de nucléation des microtubules à partir des complexes à gamma-tubuline. Conservées des plantes à l'Homme, les protéines GIPs/MZT1 ont été initialement découvertes comme partenaires d’AtGCP3. J’ai consacré ma thèse à la caractérisation moléculaire et fonctionnelle des AtGIPs et de leurs partenaires à l’interface nucléocytoplasmique. Mes résultats confirment l’appartenance des GIPs aux complexes à gamma-tubuline, et démontrent leur association entre elles et avec TSA1 (TonSoKu [TSK]-Associating protein 1) et l'histone centromérique CenH3. Les interactions génétiques entre les gènes GIPs, TSA1 et TSK révèlent des anomalies sévères à l'échelle de l'organisme, des cellules et des noyaux. Les mutants gip1gip2 démontrent une diminution de la cohésion des régions centromériques. L’ensemble de nos résultats suggère un rôle des AtGIPs dans un continuum nucléocytoplasmique inédit, la régulation de l'architecture nucléaire et du centromèreIn Arabidopsis, the nuclear envelope is a nucleation center where gamma-tubulin complexes initiate the polymerization of microtubules. Conserved from plants to humans, GIPs/MZT1 proteins were initially discovered as AtGCP3 interacting partners. Our investigations were devoted to the molecular and functional characterization of AtGIPs and their associated proteins at the nucleocytoplasmic interface. We confirmed that AtGIPs are integral components of gamma-tubulin complexes, and showed that they interact with each other, TSA1 (TonSoKu [TSK]-Associating protein 1) and centromeric histone H3 (CenH3). Genetic interactions between GIPs, TSA1 and TSK reveal severe defects at the organism, cellular and nuclear scales. gip1gip2 mutants exhibit a decrease of centromeric and pericentromeric cohesion. Altogether, this is the first evidence for the role of a gamma–tubulin complex component in the structural maintenance of centromeric regions, and in defining nuclear morphology and architecture
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Guerra, Alessandra Regina [UNESP]. "Funções textual-interativas dos marcadores discursivos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86595.
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guerra_ar_me_sjrp.pdf: 1397510 bytes, checksum: 0e030015689f28078d690836161a96f6 (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O objetivo deste trabalho é, a partir de uma análise comparativa entre as principais abordagens teóricas do estudo de Marcadores Discursivos (MDs) e da identificação de princípios elementares comuns a essas abordagens, especificar, e, assim, precisar, a definição de MDs da Gramática Textual-Interativa (GTI). Especificamente, o objetivo é levantar, no corpus selecionado, todas as unidades que preenchem os traços de um núcleo piloto definidor de MDs e, então: (i) definir funções específicas predominantemente textuais dessas unidades, como forma de especificação da variável articulação de segmentos do discurso; (ii) definir funções específicas predominantemente interacionais, como forma de especificação da variável orientação da interação (JUBRAN & KOCH, 2006); e (iii) identificar as diferentes formas morfossintáticas que funcionam como MDs e, então, possíveis correlações sistemáticas entre as formas e as (sub)funções dos MDs. A investigação teórica preliminar permitiu constatar que diferentes abordagens de MDs compartilham algum tipo de função conectiva. Com base nesse princípio da conectividade, foi especificada, e, em alguns aspectos, reformulada a definição de MDs da GTI. A parte da pesquisa referente à definição de subfunções predominantemente textuais evidenciou a necessidade de estabelecimento de critérios precisos de distinção entre seqüenciamento tópico e seqüenciamento frasal. A esse respeito, mostraram-se relevantes os seguintes critérios: (i) grau de integração sintática e semântico-pragmática entre o segmento e seu antecedente, (ii) grau de integração prosódica entre o segmento e seu antecedente, (iii) grau de relevância textual-interativa do segmento no interior do Segmento Tópico. Essa parte da análise permitiu distinguir três subfunções predominantemente textuais:...
This study aims at refining Textual-Interactive Grammar (TIG) definition of Discourse Markers (DMs) based on both a comparative analysis among the main theoretical approaches on DMs and on the identification of common principles within such theories. The investigation aims particularly at searching the corpus for all the units which match the features of a defining pilot core and then (i) defining these unitsþ predominantly textual functions as a way of specifying the discourse segments articulation variable; (ii) defining predominantly interactional functions as a way of specifying the interaction orientation variable (JUBRAN & KOCH, 2006); and (iii) identifying the different morfo-syntactic forms which function as DMs as well as possible systematic correlations between such forms and DMs (sub)functions. The preliminary theoretical investigation has shown that different approaches on DMs share some kind of connective function. TIG definition of DMs was stated and, in some aspects, reformulated according to this connective principle. The part of this investigation dealing with the definition of predominantly textual sub-functions evidenced the need to establishment accurate criteria in order to distinguish topical sequencing and clausal sequencing. As to this, the following criteria have proven to be relevant: (i) syntactic and semantic-pragmatic integration degree between the segment and its antecedent, (ii) prosodic integration degree between the segment and its antecedent, (iii) the textual-interactive relevance degree of the segment within the Topic Segment. This analysis showed the predominantly textual sub-functions: Introduction, Sequencing and Topic Segment Closing. The definition of predominantly/primarily interactional sub-functions implied a rearrangement of interaction orientation variable based on the connectivity principle what led to a proposal... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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McClendon, Shara Demetria. "Molecular design, construction, and characterization of a xylanosome: a protein nanostructure for biomass utilization." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43610.
Full textAbstract:
Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant renewable resource targeted for biofuel production. Cellulose and hemicellulose from biomass both contain fermentable sugars and other moieties that can be converted to biofuels or other commodity chemicals. Enzymatic hydrolysis of these biopolymers is a critical step in the liberation of sugars for fermentation into desired products. In nature, anaerobic microbes produce protein nanostructures called cellulosomes that efficiently degrade cellulose substrates by combining multiple enzyme activities onto a scaffolding protein. However, current enzyme cocktails used in industry contain secretomes of aerobic microbes and are not efficient enough to be highly economical. Furthermore, most bio-processes focus on cellulose, rendering hemicellulose under-utilized. The three main objectives of this dissertation are to 1) develop multi-functional, self-assembling protein nanostructures for hemicellulose degradation using the architecture provided by cellulosomes, 2) understand the self-assembly mechanism at conditions for consolidated bioprocessing applications, and 3) compare the effectiveness of structured to non-structured hemicellulases in the hydrolysis of biomass.
Xylan is a major type of hemicellulose in biomass feedstocks targeted for biofuel production. Six different xylanosomes were designed for hydrolysis of xylan within multiple biomass substrates using the cohesin-dockerin domain systems from Clostridium thermocellum, Clostridium cellulovorans, and Clostridium cellulolyticum. Each two-unit structure contained a xylanase for internal cleavage of the xylan backbone and one side-chain acting enzyme, either a ferulic acid esterase or bi-functional arabinofuranosidase/xylosidase. Expansion to three-unit xylanosomes included a family 10 or 11 xylanase, a bi-functional arabinofuranosidase/xylosidase, and bi-functional ferulic acid esterase/acetylxylan esterase. These multi-functional biocatalysts were used to degrade hemicellulose-rich wheat arabinoxylan and cellulose-containing destarched corn bran. Synergistic release of soluble sugars and ferulic acid was observed with select xylanosomes and in some cases required addition of an endoglucanase and cellobiohydrolase for enhanced hydrolysis. Furthermore, a putative ferulic acid esterase gene from the soil bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus was characterized and its role in xylan hydrolysis investigated.
Information for the development of stable and functional cellulosome-like biocatalysts in metabolically-engineered microbes was collected using surface plasmon resonance. The protein-protein interaction of cohesin and dockerin domains for xylanosome self-assembly was examined at various temperatures and in the presence of ethanol to mimic different hydrolysis and fermentation processes and found to retain high affinities at the selected conditions. Moreover, the high-affinity interaction of cohesin and dockerin domains in the presence of non-specific proteins eliminated the need for protein purification for xylanosome construction. In addition to development of the first cellulosome-like biocatalysts targeted for hemicellulose degradation, this dissertation provides insight on possible improvements for the enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass, as well as the applicability of xylanosomes in consolidated bioprocessing.
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Althoff, Sebastian. "Nutzung gering tragfähiger Böden für geokunststoffbewehrten Erdbau." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-162385.
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Geokunststoffe sind beständige Produkte aus Polymeren, die in Boden eingelegt werden um geotechnische Probleme zu lösen. Eine Kategorie der Geokunststoffe sind Geogitter, bei denen die Längs- und Querelemente eine offene, gitterförmige Struktur bilden und die meist zur Bodenbewehrung eingesetzt werden. Ihre Verwendung zur Bewehrung von gering tragfähigen Böden für kunststoffbewehrte Erd- und Stützbauwerke kann enorme ökologische und ökonomische Vorteile bieten. Trotz der Tatsache, dass die Verwendung von Geogittern in den letzten Jahren stark zugenommen hat, sind die Grundlagen zum Bau und zur Bemessung limitiert. Besonders die Schlüsselfrage, wie Geogitter und verschiedene Lockergesteine in unterschiedlichen Belastungssituationen interagieren, ist ingenieursmäßig nur lückenhaft untersucht worden. Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation wurde deshalb in über 250 großmaßstäblichen Scher-, Herauszieh- und Reibungsversuchen das Verbundverhalten Geokunststoff/Locker¬gestein eingehend untersucht. Dazu wurden 14 handelsübliche Geogitter, die teilweise auch modifiziert wurden, in dem Interaktionsprüfgerät des Institutes für Geotechnik der TU Bergakademie Freiberg mit verschiedenen Böden systematisch getestet. Die vielen Versuchsanordnungen und die aus ihnen abgeleiteten Überlegungen und gewonnenen Erkenntnisse belegten, dass die wichtigsten Parameter interagieren, und zwar in verschiedenen Abhängigkeiten wie weitere Variationen der Bodenparameter (Kornverteilung, Wassergehalte, Verdichtung, Bindemittelzusatz etc.), der unterschiedlichen Geogitterparameter (Oberflächenbeschaffenheit, Struktur, etc.) und der Belastung gezeigt haben. Darüber hinaus wurde das Interaktionsprüfgerät für zukünftige Versuche weiterentwickelt (Entkopplung des Versuchseinbaus vom Versuchsgerät usw.). Der Fokus der Forschungsarbeit lag dabei in der Schaffung von Grundlagenkenntnissen für den gemeinsamen Einsatz von bindigen Lockergesteinen und Geokunststoffen. Bei rolligen Böden zeigte sich, dass die Rautiefe sich stärker (positiv) auf die Widerstände auswirkt als bei den bindigen Böden. Hingegen waren bei bindigen Böden die Auswirkungen durch eine Erhöhung der Querelemente deutlicher. Darüber hinaus konnte gezeigt werden, dass dreidimensionale Querelemente das Verbundverhalten verbessern und Tests an Geogittern mit einem größeren Verhältnis von Öffnungsweite zu Maschenweite zeigten höhere Adhäsionswerte. Die Reibungsversuche hatten einen gleichmäßigeren Verlauf und geringere Streuungen zwischen den unterschiedlichen Geogittern, weshalb aufgrund der deutlicheren Unterschiede zwischen den Produkten bei den Herausziehversuchen detaillierte Schlussfolgerungen gezogen werden konnten. Die vorliegende Arbeit leistet einen Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Bemessungsgrundlagen und ermöglicht ein detaillierteres Verständnis des Verbundverhaltens. Des Weiteren werden Vorschläge ausgearbeitet die im Labor erzielten Ergebnisse auf die Baupraxis zu übertragen, wie zum Beispiel durch das Vermeiden von Trennflächen zwischen Geogitter und Boden bei der VerdichtungGeosynthetics are durable polymeric products placed in soil to help solve civil engi-neering problems; one category of these is geogrids. Geogrids are polymers formed into an open, grid-like configuration and function primarily as soil reinforcement. Their use to reinforce soil with weak bearing capacity could have big ecological and economical advantages. Although geogrid use has grown in recent years, there is still limited design information available due to the wide variety of design configurations and soil variability. One of the key factors lacking for more widespread engineering implementation is a greater understanding of the interaction between various geogrids and soil combinations when exposed to different load effects. In more than 250 shear, pull-out, and friction tests, this interaction behavior was examined in detail. Fourteen general geogrids (sometimes additionally modified) using dif-ferent soil types were systematically tested in the Interaction Testing Device at the Geotechnical Institute of the TU Bergakademie Freiberg. Combining the huge quantity of test results with a theoretical analysis, the main parameters which affect soil behavior could be defined. Furthermore the Interaction Testing Device could be improved for test in future. Our analysis showed us that the roughness of the geogrid has more of a beneficial impact on the strength of frictional soils than it does for silty soils. Silty soils however, were more affected by the height of cross elements in the geogrid than other types. It was also observed that 3D elements in the cross machine direction improve the interaction behavior. Tests with geogrids which have a bigger ratio of opening size to mesh size showed higher adhesion values. The friction test results were more regular, had a uniform progress and had smaller differences between geogrid configurations. Therefore, conclusions with higher certainty could be drawn from the pull-out tests with the differential results. The present research contributes to the limited design information to help provide a better understanding of the interaction behavior. Furthermore, suggestions are given to use the laboratory detected results in real-world applications, one of which is the way of compaction to minimize the potential for creating a slip-surface between the geogrid and soil
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Ralaiarisoa, Velotiana Jean-Luc. "Influence de la cohésion sur le transport éolien de particules : application au sable humide et à la neige." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1S065.
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Cette thèse porte sur la caractérisation du transport sur un lit granulaire cohésif en considérant le cas du sable et de la neige. Une approche numérique pour étudier le processus de l'érosion par impact sur un empilement cohésif a permis de quantifier l'effet de la cohésion sur le processus Splash. Pour quantifier l'effet de la cohésion le transport de particules par un écoulement d'air, nous avons choisi une approche expérimentale en soufflerie. L'étude du transport sur un lit de sable sec a permis de caractériser la transition du régime de saltation vers un régime collisionnel lorsque le nombre de Shields atteint S=0.3. Dans le cas du transport de sable humide, la vitesse seuil d'arrachement des grains du lit augmente avec la teneur en eau tandis que la vitesse seuil d'impact est du même ordre de grandeur que le seuil dynamique obtenu dans le cas sec. Ces résultats suggèrent qu'une fois que les grains sont arrachés au sol, ils ont un comportement similaire au transport sur sol sec. Sur un lit rigide de neige, la longueur caractéristique de décroissance augmente quadratiquement avec la vitesse de friction de l’air mais également avec le diamètre de la particule. Les caractéristiques de transport éolien de neige sur neige cohésive sont proches de celle sur neige rigide. On note une nette diminution, en soufflerie, de la quantité de neige transportée qui peut toutefois être significativement augmentée du fait de l’effet érosif d’un flux entrant. Sur un lit cohésif, dans le cas du sable humide et de la neige, le flux transporté tend vers la saturation mais la longueur de la soufflerie ne permet pas de l'atteindreThis thesis deals with the cohesion effect on the aeolian grain transport. We consider the sand and snow case. A numerical approach to the erosion process by impact allows us to quantify the cohesion effect on the Splash process. Then we adopt wind tunnel experiment to study the effect of the cohesion on the transport. We show over a dry sand bed a transition from the saltation regime to a collision one at a Shields number of 0.3. Over a wet sand bed, the aerodynamic threshold increases with the water content whereas the impact threshold is in the same order of magnitude compare to the dry case. Over a hard snow bed, the characteristic decay height shows a quadratic dependence with the air friction speed and increases with the particle diameter. The characteristics of the aeolian transport over a cohesive snow bed are close to those over a hard one. There is a sharp decrease of the transported snow flux which can increase significantly when the wind tunnel is fed with an incoming snow flux. Our results indicate the mass flow rate aims to a saturation. However the saturation is not reached with the wind-tunnel length we work over wet sand and cohesive snow bed
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Hadžalić, Emina. "Analysis of pore pressure influence on failure mechanisms in structural systems." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2502.
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Cette thèse porte sur la sécurité globale des structures en matériaux hétérogènes saturés soumis à des charges extrêmes, et est appliquée à des problèmes d’interaction fluide-structure, tels que l’interaction barrage-réservoir. Un modèle numérique d’interaction est proposé pour prédire les principales tendances et le comportement général d’un barrage en matériau saturé en interaction avec le réservoir dans des analyses de défaillance d’intérêt pratique. Le modèle numérique proposé est d’abord présenté dans un cadre bidimensionnel (2D), puis étendu à un cadre tridimensionnel (3D). La structure est considérée comme un milieu poreux saturé constitué d’un matériau cohésif. On suppose que le fluide externe en interaction avec la structure agit comme une source de saturation des pores. La réponse de la structure en matériau saturé est décrite avec un modèle lattice discrete couplé de type poutre, basé sur la discrétisation du domaine avec la tessellation de Voronoï, où les liens cohésifs sont représentés par des poutres de Timoshenko non linéaires avec un champ de déplacements enrichi en termes de discontinuités fortes. Le couplage entre la phase solide et le fluide dans les pores est traité avec la théorie de Biot et la loi de Darcy décrivant l’écoulement d’un fluide à travers d’un milieu poreux. La prise en compte numérique du couplage interne ajoute un degré de liberté supplémentaire du type pression à chaque nœud de l’élément fini de Timoshenko, qui est ensuite utilisé pour résoudre les problèmes d’interface entre la structure et le fluide. On considère que le fluide externe dans le réservoir est limité à des petits mouvements, ce qui nous permet de le modéliser avec la théorie des ondes acoustiques. Pour cela, la formulation lagrangienne avec l’approximation mixte déplacement-pression est choisie. Le traitement de l’interface fluide-structure dans le modèle numérique d’interaction est résolu d’une manière simple et efficace. Notamment, les éléments finis de la structure et du fluide externe partagent les mêmes degrés de liberté dans les nœuds communs, permettant ainsi la résolution du système d’équations avec une approche de calcul monolithique. Toutes les implémentations et les simulations numériques sont effectués avec la version recherche du code informatique FEAP (Finite Element Analysis Program). Les modèles numériques proposés pour la structure, le fluide externe et le modèle d’interaction sont validés dans le régime élastique linéaire en comparant les résultats calculés avec les valeurs de référence obtenues soit avec des solutions analytiques, soit avec des modèles continus. Les simulations numériques dans le régime non linéaire ont comme but de démontrer les capacités du modèle proposé de capturer la réponse complète à l’échelle macro et les mécanismes de rupture des structures en matériaux saturés. Enfin, la capacité du modèle d’interaction proposé de traiter la défaillance localisée progressive d’un barrage construit en matériau cohésif poreux sous l’interaction barrage-réservoir a été testé pour un programme de chargement spécifique. Pour prendre en compte les effets de la température, le couplage thermique est introduit dans le modèle numérique de la structureThis thesis studies the issue of the overall safety of structures built of heterogeneous and pore-saturated materials under extreme loads in application to fluid-structure interaction problems, such as the dam-reservoir interaction. We propose a numerical model of interaction capable of predicting main tendencies and overall behavior of pore-saturated dam structure interacting with the reservoir in failure analyses of practical interest. The proposed numerical model is first presented in two-dimensional (2D) framework and later extended to three-dimensional (3D) framework. We consider the structure built of porous cohesive material. We assume that the external fluid in interaction with the structure acts as a source of pore saturation. We model the response of the pore-saturated structure with the coupled discrete beam lattice model based on Voronoi cell representation of domain with inelastic Timoshenko beam finite elements enhanced with additional kinematics in terms of embedded strong discontinuities acting as cohesive links. The coupling between the solid phase and the pore fluid is handled with Biot’s porous media theory, and Darcy’s law governing the pore fluid flow. The numerical consideration of internal coupling results with an additional pressure-type degree of freedom placed at each node of the Timoshenko beam finite element, which is later used at the fluidstructure interface. The confined conditions met for external fluid placed in the reservoir enable the modeling of external fluid motion with the acoustic wave theory. For the numerical representation of the external fluid limited to small (irrotational) motion, we choose a Lagrangian formulation and the mixed displacement/pressure based finite element approximation. The end result are the displacement and pressure degrees of freedom per node of external fluid finite elements, which allows for the issue of the fluid-structure interface to be solved in an efficient and straightforward manner by directly connecting the structure and external fluid finite elements at common nodes. As a result, all computations can be performed in a fully monolithic manner. All numerical implementations and computations are performed with the research version of the computer code FEAP (Finite Element Analysis Program). The proposed numerical models of structure, external fluid and ultimately numerical model of interaction are validated in the linear elastic regime of structure response by comparing computed results against reference values obtained either with analytical solutions or continuum models. The numerical simulations in the nonlinear regime of structure response are performed with the aim to demonstrate the proposed coupled discrete beam lattice model capabilities to capture complete macro-scale response and failure mechanisms in pore-saturated structures. Finally, the proposed numerical model of interaction ability to deal with the progressive localized failure of a dam structure built of porous cohesive material under damreservoir interaction for a particular loading program was tested. To account for the temperature effects, the thermal coupling is introduced in the numerical model of the structure
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Khumalo, Cynthia Tuduetso. "A reflection on the group interaction and cohesion in a participatory research process :." Diss., 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17083.
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In 1995 a participatory research project was undertaken in the Gauteng Welfare
Deparbnent by two outside researchers. The subject for the research was the management
of change in the Gauteng Welfare Department. During the research, the researcher
observed how the discouraged, apathetic and negative group became animated and
empowered. On the basis of this observation, the researcher undertook to do a case study
which reflects on the interactional process and cohesion which transpired within the
participatory research process.Social Science
M.A. Social Science (Mental Health)
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Huang, Sheng-Hsuan, and 黃聖軒. "The Study of the Interaction in the Amateur Vehicle Owners Community to the Brand Cohesion." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sp3hf7.
Full textAbstract:
碩士銘傳大學
資訊傳播工程學系碩士班
95
Brand operators have begun to pay attention to the profit-making capacity of network community services, and expect it can promote the brand cohesion, and bring the market new business. The community service is to provide a space where members can post evaluations and comments on the same products, and where members can seek for fellow members’ information under the circumstance of non-commercial relationship. The purpose of this study is to investigate the development of the interaction on the brand cohesion in domestic amateur vehicle community by using “HONDA Fun & Family” vehicle community as the research sample. The questionnaire includes four parts: the community service, the attributes of participants, the aspects of brand cohesion, and the demographic variables with a five-point Likert-type scale. 317 valid samples, out of 331 analyzed with SPSS statistics software. The result shows most of the participants are young, married, highly educated, living at the north of Taiwan, holding stable incomes, browsing forums frequently, and experienced members in this community. Three constructs and ten parts in total were analyzed with the Cronbach’s α and the α returned 0.817. Through the analysis of the Pearson’s γ and the multiple regression findings are as the followings: 1.A better interaction relationship and a better operation of the community can promote the degree of participation of the non-community members. 2.The entity activities of the community are positively correlated with the types of participants and the brand cohesion. 3.More participation of the members return a higher impact on the brand cohesion. 4.The interaction types of the community are significant over the brand cohesion.
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Kgatla, Mohale Edward. "Cohesion as a bonding tool in translation of English into Northern Sotho : an interaction between translation and discourse analysis." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2219.
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Seepany, Harshika. "Chromatin Reassembly following a DNA Double-Strand Break Repair: The Ctf18-complex and Ctf4 work in concert with H3K56 Acetylation." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/29616.
Full textAbstract:
The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, serves as an excellent model for identifying fundamental mechanisms of DNA repair. A Local Coherence Detection (LCD) algorithm that uses biclustering to assign genes to multiple functional sub-groups was applied on the chromosome E-MAP containing genetic interactions among genes involved in nuclear processes. Using this method, we found that Asf1 and Rtt109, genes that are together required for histone H3K56 acetylation, cluster together with Ctf4, Ctf18, Ctf8 and Dcc1, genes important for efficient sister chromatid cohesion. It is known that H3K56 acetylation is required for post-repair chromatin reassembly at sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The cohesion genes were previously implicated in the repair of some DNA DSBs, but the nature of their involvement has not been reported. The experimental data in my thesis work suggest that Ctf4, Ctf8, Ctf18 and Dcc1 function in the post-repair chromatin reassembly pathway.
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Chiu, Prarie Youn-Yuen. "From swarms to summer camps a theoretical deconstruction of cohesion among groups of latency aged boys : a project based on an independent investigation /." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/9849.
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WEN, WEN-PENG, and 温文鵬. "A Study of the Relationships Among Facebook Group Interaction ,Team Identity and Team Cohesion-A Case Study of Junior Basketball in Taoyuan." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ez2vb8.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
運動健康管理學系
104
The purpose of this thesis is to study how interact on Facebook Group Site, group identity and group cohesion impact each other. The data were collected through questionnaire survey, and the basketball player in Tauyuan City were taken as the object in this thesis. There were 341 valid questionnaires from 360 questionnaires collected. Structural equation model (SEM) is used as the analysis tool. Research result can be describe as following: (1) The interact on Facebook Group Site has a direct effect on group identity. (2) Group identity has a direct effect on group cohesion.(3) Group identity mediate the relationship between the interact on Facebook Group Site and the group cohesion.Last, this thesis propose some suggestion based on the research as reference for teenager basketball team coach or manager: (1) Create a Facebook Group where team members can share things and interact with each other. (2) The interact online should be encouraged by the coach or manager to stimulate the growth of group identity. (3) Coach or manager should give more attention on each member so that they will feel warmth and identify themselves as part of the team.
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Hlatswayo, Abigail Hleziphi. "An applied linguistics investigation of patterns interaction in university tutorials." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4658.
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In South Africa students from disadvantaged educational backgrounds enrol at institutions of higher learning underprepared for the academic work expected of them. One reason for this is that English in South Africa is primarily an urban language and both Black children and teachers, especially in rural areas, lack sufficient exposure to it (Lemmer 1995) and at tertiary institutions students are expected to communicate efficiently in the language of instruction. The real-world problem at issue is ultimately the need for these students studying through the medium of English to develop their ability to participate actively in tutorials to improve both their academic understanding and their spoken discourse competence, which includes the ‘highly complex task of participating in talk-in-interaction’ (Dalton-Puffer 2007:280). Underlying the present study, then, is the conviction that through frequent interaction in the language of instruction, students will not only gain competence in speaking skills, but also deepen and expand their knowledge of their subject areas. This conviction led to the introduction of tutorials on a trial basis in my department and the study sought to develop a framework for analysing patterns of interaction in the tutorials that would also address the question of how the quality of such patterns might be assessed. The main construct investigated was ‘participation effectiveness’ (the quantity of speaker discourse acts and turns and speaker initiative at discourse act and turn-taking levels) and the overall findings indicated that third-year students participated more effectively than first-years; females performed better than males; and males in male-led tutorials used more discourse acts than females; while females in female-led tutorials did better than males. The analyses of effects of tutor discourse behaviour on student participation revealed that the types of questions tutors used and how they were combined were strong determinants of students' participation effectiveness. Although the approach of the study is essentially quantitative, the operationalisation of this main construct's two key components, namely 'participation' and 'initiative', forms a basis for also deriving more qualitative insights into this academically very important genre of spoken discourse.Linguistics
D. Litt. et Phil. (Linguistics)
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Leslie, Carolyn Elizabeth. "Peer interaction and learning opportunities in cohesive and less cohesive L2 classrooms." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/17166.
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The present study investigates peer to peer oral interaction in two task based language teaching classrooms, one of which was a self-declared cohesive group, and the other a self- declared less cohesive group, both at B1 level. It studies how learners talk cohesion into being and considers how this talk leads to learning opportunities in these groups.
The study was classroom-based and was carried out over the period of an academic year. Research was conducted in the classrooms and the tasks were part of regular class work. The research was framed within a sociocognitive perspective of second language learning and data came from a number of sources, namely questionnaires, interviews and audio recorded talk of dyads, triads and groups of four students completing a total of eight oral tasks. These audio recordings were transcribed and analysed qualitatively for interactions which encouraged a positive social dimension and behaviours which led to learning opportunities, using conversation analysis. In addition, recordings were analysed quantitatively for learning opportunities and quantity and quality of language produced.
Results show that learners in both classes exhibited multiple behaviours in interaction which could promote a positive social dimension, although behaviours which could discourage positive affect amongst group members were also found. Analysis of interactions also revealed the many ways in which learners in both the cohesive and less cohesive class created learning opportunities. Further qualitative analysis of these interactions showed that a number of factors including how learners approach a task, the decisions they make at zones of interactional transition and the affective relationship between participants influence the amount of learning opportunities created, as well as the quality and quantity of language produced. The main conclusion of the study is that it is not the cohesive nature of the group as a whole but the nature of the relationship between the individual members of the small group completing the task which influences the effectiveness of oral interaction for learning.This study contributes to our understanding of the way in which learners individualise the learning space and highlights the situated nature of language learning. It shows how individuals interact with each other and the task, and how talk in interaction changes moment-by-moment as learners react to the ‘here and now’ of the classroom environment.O presente estudo é uma investigação no âmbito da interacção oral em pares em duas salas de aula: um grupo auto declarado coeso, outro declarado menos coeso, ambos de nível B1. O estudo revela a forma como os alunos criam coesão e oportunidades de aprendizagem através do discurso. O estudo foi baseado em exercícios práticos desempenhados em sala de aula, tendo sido desenvolvido ao longo de um ano lectivo académico. Isto é, a investigação é o resultado da observação e análise do trabalho prático regular realizado em aula pelos discentes. A pesquisa foi enquadrada numa perspectiva sociocognitiva de aprendizagem da segunda língua, e a informação provém de um conjunto de fontes metodologicamente utilizadas, nomeadamente questionários, entrevistas e registos áudio das conversas das díades, tríades e grupos de quatro alunos, num total de oito tarefas de oralidade. Os registos áudio foram transcritos e qualitativamente analisados para interacções que estimulavam uma dimensão social positiva, e comportamentos que conduziam a oportunidades de aprendizagem usando Conversation Analysis. Além disso, os registos foram também analisados quantitativamente relativamente às oportunidades de aprendizagem e à qualidade e quantidade de linguagem produzida. Em ambas as turmas, os resultados indicam múltiplos comportamentos interactivos por parte dos estudantes, comportamentos esses que promovem uma dimensão social positiva, embora tenham sido detectados também, comportamentos que podem desencorajar a afectividade entre os elementos do grupo. A análise do processo de interacção revelou também as diversas formas através das quais os estudantes criaram oportunidades de aprendizagem em ambos os grupos; o coeso e o menos coeso. A outro nível, uma análise qualitativa complementar destas interacções mostrou que, tanto o número de oportunidades de aprendizagem criadas, como a qualidade e quantidade de linguagem produzida são influenciadas por vários factores, nomeadamente o modo como os estudantes desempenham a tarefa, as decisões que tomam em zonas de transição interactiva e as relações afectivas entre os participantes. A principal conclusão do estudo é que não é a condição coesa do grupo como um todo, mas a natureza da relação entre os seus membros que completam a tarefa, que influencia a eficácia da interacção oral na aprendizagem.Este estudo contribui para a nossa compreensão do modo como os alunos singularizam o espaço de aprendizagem, ao mesmo tempo que destaca a natureza contextual do ensino da língua. Mostra ainda como interagem os indivíduos uns com os outros e com a tarefa, e como, no processo de interacção, o discurso muda a cada momento, devido à reacção dos alunos ao “aqui e agora” do ambiente da aula.