Academic literature on the topic 'Cohesive means'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cohesive means"
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GRESHCHUK, VASYL. "WORD-FORMATION MEANS TEXTUAL COHESION AND COHERENCE." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 6, no. 2 (June 20, 2019): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.6.2.71-78.
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The article looks at word-formation means of textual cohesion and coherence. The analysis shows that the repetition of a suffix, prefix, confix or a base in adjacent or distant sentences in small textual segments can ensure the latter’s cohesion. The ‘source word – derivative’ pair has a considerable cohesive potential. It is especially typical of syntactic derivation. The nominalization of the verb – the predicate of the base sentence, its communicative nucleus – and its use in the next sentence, adjacent or distant one, indicates the theme and ensures the communicative prospects of a sentence within the context of the developing and unfolding text. Textual cohesion is provided by ‘source word – derivative’ word-formation pairs beyond syntactic derivation – when we deal with mutation and modification. The components of complex word-formation units – word-formation paradigms, word-formation families – can be used as cohesive devices because they share the same root morpheme, which is the bearer of general semantic meaning inherent in all members of a paradigmatic grouping.
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Kucharska, Anna. "L’uso degli articoli e la coesione in testi narrativi scritti di studenti polacchi." Romanica Cracoviensia 21, no. 1 (2021): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843917rc.21.001.13669.
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Use of articles and cohesion in narrative texts written by Polish students The present article aims to present which anaphoric means use students to create a cohesive narrative story. A particular attention is focused on pronouns and on articles as elements absent in Polish language. Three groups of students representing respectively A2, B1 and B2 levels were examined to find out if they use different means while improving their competences in Italian. Another aim of the study was to analyse which parts of narration are susceptible to be bad constructed from the cohesive point of view. The results could have a positive impact on didactic methods applied during courses of writing competences.
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Zhao, Yuan. "A Study of Non-structure Cohesion in the Texts in New Senior English for China Student’s Book 5 and 6." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 695–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1106.14.
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Since the publication of Cohesive in English co-authored by Halliday and Hasan in 1976, more linguistics at home and abroad have been analyzing and studying this theory in detail. Thus, cohesion theory has been steadily growing. Existing studies, however, tended to focus on the analysis of cohesive devices in a variety of discourses other than the texts from English textbooks for Chinese high school learners. To address this gap, this study used 5 articles from New Senior English for China Student’s Book 5 and 6 to explore the non-structure cohesive devices. By means of the coding scheme suggested by Halliday and Hasan in 1976, the cohesive patterns in a text were represented. The results showed that coherence in the 5 texts largely depends on lexical cohesion. Then, a further analysis of the five lexical cohesive devices showed that among them, same item having reference that is identical proved to be the most in the texts. The main reasons is perhaps that since the texts are from school textbooks for Chinese teenagers, the student readers almost certainly do not have the ability to make much sense of a fairly complex text whose coherence may largely depends on substitution or ellipsis.
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Behrens, Bergljot. "Cohesive ties in translation." Languages in Contrast 5, no. 1 (September 30, 2005): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.5.1.04beh.
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Within a dynamic semantic/pragmatic framework this article discusses the translation relations of the Norwegian connective dermed with respect to English primarily, but also to some extent with respect to German. Data are extracted from the Oslo Multilingual Corpus. Translations between English and Norwegian are analysed in detail with a view to their interpretive resemblance as this concept is used in relevance theory. An event-based analysis is considered a fruitful addition to the relevance theoretic framework for an evaluation of the translation data. Corpus-based frequency counts are then presented to demonstrate the extent to which source language norms influence the use of linking adverbials in translation. The discrepancy between the norms of originally produced Norwegian and the findings in the translation data suggests that the translator is well advised to look for alternative means to trigger the consequential interpretation this connective gives rise to.
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Utomo, Slamet, and Dita Indah Sekti. "COHESION IN ANNE HATHAWAY’S SPEECH TEXT ON “PAID PARENTAL LEAVE IS ABOUT CREATING FREEDOM TO DEFINE ROLES”." KREDO : Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa dan Sastra 2, no. 2 (April 20, 2019): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24176/kredo.v2i2.3344.
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This research aims to identify the grammatical and lexical cohesion used in Anne Hathaway’s speech text on “Paid Parental Leave is about Creating Freedom to Define Roles”, and interpret how grammatical and lexical cohesion are used in Anne Hathaway’s speech text on “Paid Parental Leave is about Creating Freedom to Define Roles”.The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The result of this research shows that all types of grammatical and lexical cohesion are used in the speech text. For the grammatical cohesions are: reference (personal, demonstrative and comparative reference), substitution (nominal substitution), ellipsis (verbal and clausal ellipsis) and conjunction (additive, adversative, causal and temporal conjunction). Meanwhile, the lexical cohesions are: reiteration (repetition, synonym, superordinate and general word) and collocation. The most dominant of cohesive devices used in the speech text is reference especially for personal reference. All those cohesive devices are used clearly, it means that the speech text of Anne Hathaway entitled “Paid Parental Leave is about Creating Freedom to Define Roles” used grammatical and lexical cohesion well. Finally, the writer suggests that cohesion is important to be studied in language learning because cohesion can be used as a strategy to construct and comprehend any text especially for speech.
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Kalytiuk, L. "COHESIVE TIES IN CARL SAGAN’s ‘PALE BLUE DOT’." Studia Philologica, no. 2 (2019): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2425.2019.13.7.
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The article focuses on a study of cohesive ties in Modern English. The investigation is based on Carl Sagan’s ‘Pale Blue Dot’ (1994). The priority is given to highlighting the types of reiteration as main means of constructing the said text. We maintain that the specific feature of Carl Sagan’s ‘Pale Blue Dot’ is in intensive usage of lexical cohesive ties. The lexical cohesive ties in the text are of oppositeness, antonymy, synonymy. Collocations function as ‘topic holders’ and distant repetition conveys leitmotif ideas. Grammatical cohesive ties are used sparingly in places of semantic tension of the text.
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Trotzke, Andreas, Ermenegildo Bidese, and Manuela Caterina Moroni. "German discourse particles in the second language classroom." Pedagogical Linguistics 1, no. 2 (August 7, 2020): 184–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pl.20008.tro.
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Abstract One of the main pedagogical objectives for language learners at high proficiency levels is to use ‘cohesive devices’ when writing a text or conducting a conversation. Usually, curricula stress the importance of clause-internal cohesion (by means such as connectives: and, but, when, because, etc.). By contrast, we stress the importance of cohesion at the level of the dialogue and in this context focus on discourse (aka ‘modal’) particles as a means to yield cohesion at that level. In this domain, German discourse particles represent a challenging learning objective for second language learners of German. This paper explores some production patterns of German discourse particles in L2 German by L1 Italian learners. We show that looking at those elements can provide new insights because these elements allow us to tease apart problems within syntax as compared to the lexicon-pragmatics interface in second language learning.
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Alfano, Marco, Franco Furgiuele, A. Leonardi, Carmine Maletta, and Glaucio H. Paulino. "Cohesive Zone Modeling of Mode I Fracture in Adhesive Bonded Joints." Key Engineering Materials 348-349 (September 2007): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.348-349.13.
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This paper deals with the application of Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) concepts to study mode I fracture in adhesive bonded joints. In particular, an intrinsic piece-wise linear cohesive surface relation is used in order to model fracture in a pre-cracked bonded Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) specimen. Finite element implementation of the CZM is accomplished by means of the user element (UEL) feature available in the FE commercial code ABAQUS. The sensitivity of the cohesive zone parameters (i.e. fracture strength and critical energy release rate) in predicting the overall mechanical response is first examined; subsequently, cohesive parameters are tuned comparing numerical simulations of the load-displacement curve with experimental results retrieved from literature.
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Stanislav, Olga. "FEATURES OF COHESION IN THE SYNTAX OF FRENCH «NEW NOVEL» (based on the work of A. Robbe-Grillet «In the Labyrinth»)." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS 31 (2017): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2017.31.12.
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The article deals with the main characteristics of syntactic cohesive connection in the structure of the textual fabric of the French «the new novel». The importance of implicit cohesive means that adequately reflects the individual author's picture of the world of the new-romanists and correlates with such ideological dominant epochs as anti-traditionalism, subjectivism, and intuition are established.
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Eys, Mark A., Todd M. Loughead, Steven R. Bray, and Albert V. Carron. "Perceptions of Cohesion by Youth Sport Participants." Sport Psychologist 23, no. 3 (September 2009): 330–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.23.3.330.
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Cohesion is an important small group variable within sport. However, the conceptualization and examination of cohesion have predominately been oriented toward adult populations. The purpose of the current study was to garner an understanding of what cohesion means to youth sport participants. Fifty-six team sport athletes (Mage = 15.63 ± 1.01 years) from two secondary schools took part in focus groups designed to understand participants’ perceptions of (a) the definition of cohesion and indicators of cohesive and noncohesive groups and (b) methods used to attempt to develop cohesion in their groups. Overall, the responses to part (a) yielded 10 categories reflecting a group’s task cohesion and 7 categories reflecting a group’s social cohesion. Finally, participants highlighted eight general methods through which their groups developed cohesion. Results are discussed in relation to a current conceptualization of cohesion and affiliation considerations within a youth sport environment.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cohesive means"
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Skerra, Antje. "Verfügbarkeit von Kohäsionsmitteln für Kinder mit einer Sprachentwicklungsstörung." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18624.
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Die Studie verfolgte das Ziel, die Zusammenhänge zwischen einer unzureichenden grammatischen Entwicklung und den Fähigkeiten Texte zu verstehen, aufzudecken.
Hierfür wurden in 3 Experimenten zum Verstehen und Verwenden von satzübergreifenden pronominalen Bezügen und Konnektoren (Konjunktionen & Adverbien) querschnittliche und längsschnittliche Daten von Kindern mit eine spezifischen Sprachentwicklungsstörung (SSES), von typisch entwickelten Kindern des gleichen chronologischen Alters und von Kindern des gleichen Sprachentwicklungsalters erhoben. Insgesamt wurden 120 Kinder mit einer Altersspanne von 3;0 – 10;11 Jahren getestet. Es wurde untersucht, ob Kinder mit einer SSES die grammatischen Voraussetzungen mitbringen, Kohäsionsmittel zu verstehen oder einzubinden.
Die wesentliche Grundlage bot die Minimal Default Grammar – Annahme (Penner & Roeper, 1998), die besagt, dass Kinder mit einer SSES in einem Zwischenstadium der grammatischen Entwicklung stagnieren. Diese konnte in der vorliegenden Studie bestätigt werden.
In Experiment 1 wurde das Verständnis intersententialer Pronomen in nichtkanonischen Sätzen untersucht. Diese Leistung wurde zum einen mit kanonischen Sätzen mit Pronomen im Nominativ im Vorfeld und zum anderen mit adverbinitialen Sätzen mit Pronomen sowohl im Nominativ als auch im Akkusativ im Vor-und Mittelfeld verglichen. In Experiment 2 wurde das Verständnis der Konjunktionen weil und aber untersucht, welche die die grammatischen Positionen Vorvor- und Vorfeld besetzen. Schließlich wurde in Experiment 3 die Produktion von referentiellen und relationalen Kohäsionsmitteln in Erzählungen untersucht. Hierfür wurden von jedem Kind vier Geschichten hinsichtlich der Verwendung von Pronomen und Konnektoren in sämtlichen grammatischen Positionen analysiert.
Die Ergebnisse zeigten hochsignifikante Gruppenunterschiede zwischen Kindern der SSES-Gruppe und beiden Kontrollgruppen (SSES < EA p < .001; SSES < CA p < .001). Die Leistungen unterschieden sich qualitativ und quantitativ. Kohäsionsmittel konnten von Kindern mit SSES weder verstanden noch aktiv verwendet werden. Dabei konnte ein enger Zusammenhang zwischen der grammatischen Entwicklung und der Verfügbarkeit von Kohäsionsmitteln nachgewiesen werden.The availability of cohesive means in children with developmental language disorder. The aim of the study was to disentangle the interrelation between deficits in the grammatical development and the ability to understand texts. In 3 experiments the comprehension and production of intersentential pronoun resolution as well as connectives were assessed. A large cohort of n= 120 with n= 40 children with specific language impairment (SLI/DLD) (age of 3;0 to 10;11 years) was compared to control groups with chronological age matched and language age matched children. There were cross-sectional and longitudinal data collected. The main question was: Do children with DLD have the preconditions to understand intersentential pronoun resolution and connectives in discourse? Most of the theoretical background was provided by the Minimal Default Grammar – Hypothesis (Penner & Roeper, 1998). The framework postulates that children with DLD adhere to an interim grammar without CP- shell. So the account predicts a considerable deficit at the level or the syntax-discourse interface. In experiment 1 the comprehension of intersentential pronoun resolution in noncanonical clauses was tested and compared with the performance in canonical and adverb initial clauses. In experiment 2 the children had to judge the truth of the sentences with weil and aber. The connective weil is syntactically embedded within the matrix clause. The connectiv aber however is syntactically nonembedded within the sentences, it introduces a co-ordinate clause. Finally in experiment 3 the children tell stories. The focus of the analyses was on the production of referential and relational devices in all syntactical positions. The results show highly significant differences between the performance of the DLD group as compared to the control groups (SSES < EA p < .001; SSES < CA p < .001). Grammatically impaired children neither understand nor use referential and relational cohesive devices within the CP-position. Strong correlations were found between the grammatical development of the children and the availability of cohesive means.
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Guy, Anna Katherine. "Artist-led projects with asylum seekers as a means of strengthening community cohesion." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1493.
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This research aims to identify whether artist-led projects with asylum seekers can strengthen community cohesion. It concentrates on New Labour Government policy and the current debate relating to the intrinsic and instrumental worth of the arts. These are considered alongside debates on measurement. The research is focused on projects within Tyne and Wear. The methodology used is three-fold involving, attending the arts projects, participant observations and individual semi-structured interviews with each participant. Data is gathered from participants, artists and funders to ensure a holistic picture of each projects is built up. In doing this, social capital and identity construction are identified as effective areas where the arts projects can be seen to be having a positive impact on participant’s personal community cohesion. This research establishes a two-strand framework for community cohesion from which arts projects effectiveness can be studied; examining both collective community cohesion and personal community cohesion. The arts projects are seen to have a more direct impact on the personal community cohesion of asylum seekers, tackling issues such as isolation, mental health needs, language barriers, negative stereotypes, cultural isolation, lack of self esteem, lack of social contact and issues around identity which are specific barriers to community cohesion. The funding of different projects is discussed, as is the influence of New Labour Government policy (1997-2010) on locally funded projects. 75% of the projects within this study would not now be granted funding if starting in 2011. It can be concluded from this research that artist-led projects with asylum seekers can be used as a means of strengthening community cohesion. this appears to be most effective when there is clear and close communication between the funding organisation and arts project, when long-term project funding is available and when participants are treated as individuals whose needs are considered. Ways in which the arts projects can reform themselves within the current economic climate are suggested both by working in partnership with other services and through focusing on solidifying the evidence base for the arts so that they may be in a stronger position once funding is available again.
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Davidson, Rick, and n/a. "An examination into the ability of cooperative multiplayer computer games as a means to facilitate group cohesion." University of Canberra. Human & Biomedical Sciences, 2000. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060704.122645.
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From an organisational perspective, the potential benefits of enhancing workplace cohesion
are many, amongst which an increase in employee performance would be the most tangible
and possibly the most desirable. The primary aim of the present research was to explore
the capacity to increase levels of cohesion, and therefore facilitate team building, through
the use of cooperative multiplayer computer gaming (CMCG). Study 1, involving 26 male
and 23 female university students, required participants to play two, twenty minute, games
of the commercially available computer game QUAKE(tm) as teams of 3 or of 4, against an
equal number of computer generated artificial intelligence opposition. The interpersonal
attraction and task focus facets of Cohesion, as well as Stress and Mood State, were
measured using self-report questionnaires at both the pre- and post-test stages of the
experiment. Results supported the prediction that exposing individuals to a computer game
of a cooperative and interdependent nature would increase self-rated levels of cohesion, on
both the interpersonal attraction and task focus sub-scales. Study 2 aimed to expand upon
the findings of study 1, increasing the generalisability of the study 1 findings by surveying
existing teams engaging in CMCG via the Internet. Those surveyed were individuals who
currently played the Team Fortress module of QUAKE�, and who belonged to a Team
Fortress Clan - the CMCG equivalent of a social sporting team. Individuals playing
QUAKE(tm) via the Internet were found to be as cohesed with their team members as were
the laboratory participants after the CMCG intervention. Further, important group dynamic
factors evident in Team Fortress Clans, such as success being linked with higher levels of
cohesion, were consistent with literary considerations regarding conventional, non-CMCG
teams. Additional research exploration is required regarding the utility of CMCG,
however, the present research indicates that such an exploration is warranted and should
produce positive and practical results.
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Lindberg, Jonas. "Religion in Nordic Politics as a Means to Societal Cohesion : An Empirical Study on Party Platforms and Parliamentary Debates 1988–2012." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-241250.
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In this study, I address the relationship between religion and politics in the Nordic countries, 1988–2012, against a background of increasing religious diversity alongside more or less continuous relationships between church and state. My aim is to analyse possible changes in the way religion is referred to by Nordic parliamentary parties, and in the way these parties use religion as a means to societal cohesion. I use theories on religious change and on the motives for using religion in politics to discuss a possible re-emergence of religion in politics, with the help of concepts such as functional differentiation, glocalisation and politicisation. I apply different forms of content analysis in a mixed-methods approach, using both substantial and functional definitions of religion. The thesis is based on four articles published or accepted for publication in peer-reviewed international journals: First, a study on religion in Nordic party platforms from around 1988, 1998 and 2008. Second, a study on religion in Danish, Norwegian and Swedish parliamentary debates, 1988/89, 1998/99 and 2008/09. Third, a study on the role of the majority churches in the final Nordic parliamentary debates on same-sex unions 1989–2012. Fourth, a study on Danish and Norwegian parliamentary debates on the wearing of veils among judges and policewomen in 2009. The major findings are that the references to religious diversity in party platforms and parliamentary debates have increased, which leads to a more complex understanding of the religious cleavage in politics, and that right-wing populist parties in particular politicise religion to achieve political influence. Furthermore, human rights have been increasingly used to address religious diversity as a political issue. I interpret these findings as continuous use of religion for societal cohesion in Nordic politics, through a model of different forms of politicisation using the concepts civil religion, human rights and nationalism. The thesis contributes to a better understanding of the religious cleavage, politicisation of religion, the impact of globalisation on the political debate about religion and changes as well as continuity regarding the use of religion in Nordic politics.Cover photography: Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt (chairman of The Moderate Party) debates with Member of Parliament Jimmie Åkesson (chairman of The Sweden Democrats) in the Swedish parliament Riksdagen on 19 January 2011. Photographer: Melker Dahlstrand/Riksdagsförvaltningen.
NOREL
Impact of Religion
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Felce, Catherine. "L’ouverture de l’énoncé en allemand L2 : De la compréhension d’un phénomène à son appropriation et à son enseignement. Perspectives en didactique des langues." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA157/document.
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Notre recherche vise à enrichir la réflexion didactique sur les modalités d’un enseignement susceptible de favoriser dès les premières années d’apprentissage de l’allemand au collège (soit en 6ème et en 5ème) la mise en place de préférences discursives spécifiques à la langue-cible. Plutôt que de nous focaliser sur le placement verbal second dans les énoncés déclaratifs, nous avons fait le choix de nous intéresser à l’ouverture et à la position préverbale. Il s’agit en effet d’un champ que des apprenants même avancés n’investissent pas de manière conforme, en dépit d’une maîtrise avérée des règles morphosyntaxiques de la langue-cible. Dans la mesure où, en allemand, la position préverbale n’est pas déterminée sur le plan syntaxique, il est nécessaire de recourir à des catégories textuelles ainsi qu’à des critères pragmatiques liés à l’organisation informationnelle des constituants pour comprendre les phénomènes qui président au choix de l’élément à l’ouverture. Partant de là, nous avons incorporé ces aspects aux tâches proposées dans le cadre du cours afin de susciter une mise en œuvre de ces principes et de modifier les préférences de traitement des apprenants. Le travail d’appropriation relève aussi de processus intrapsychiques qui posent certes des limites à l’intervention enseignante mais dont la prise en compte permet d’élaborer des propositions didactiques étayées sur le plan linguistique et psycholinguistique. Adossée à la recherche en acquisition des langues (RAL), notre étude s’appuie sur l’analyse des réalisations de l’ouverture dans un corpus de productions d’apprenants de manière à recomposer nos propositions d’intervention en fonction des observations recueillies sur le terrain et de telle sorte qu’elle s’accorde à une progression d’apprentissage. Des notions linguistiques plurielles nous ont ainsi permis de mettre en lumière et d’exploiter à des fins d’enseignement des fonctions spécifiques liées à l’ouverture de l’énoncé en allemand. La RAL offre à notre travail un cadre d’analyse, des résultats permettant de comprendre la dimension cognitive de l’apprentissage et des notions qui fournissent un étayage théorique aux propositions didactiques que nous formulonsThis study concerns the acquisition of language specific discourse preferences in the first years of German as a foreign language in French secondary schools, and how new approaches could improve language instruction. Instead of focusing on verbal placement in declaratives, we decided to consider how learners start a sentence; that is, which constituent they decide to put before the finite verb form. The initial field in German (called pre-field) represents a syntactically undetermined position as it can be occupied by a variety of elements. To understand the constraints which influence the choice of the first constituent in a sentence, textual categories, as well as pragmatic and information-structural criteria, are required. These aspects were incorporated in the tasks the learners worked on in the classroom, in order to make them use such principles, and to modify the processing preferences they may have built up during acquisition of their L1. Acquisition draws on internal processes which set limits to instructional intervention. Practitioners should take these limitations into account if they aim to elaborate instructional proposals with linguistic and psycholinguistic relevance. Drawing on findings from the SLA research, we analyse the beginnings of sentences in a corpus of written and oral learner samples. We used these empirical observations as a guideline to redesign proposals for an instructional intervention which better fits a learning progression. Notions from different aspects of linguistics contribute to highlight specific functions of sentence beginnings in German. It would be possible to integrate these functions in a teaching programme. SLA research offers a theoretical framework to our research, as the findings provide a better understanding of the cognitive dimension of learning and the notions constitute a theoretical backing for our didactical proposals
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Likhar, Lokesh. "The production of a lyotropic liquid crystal coated powder precursor through twin screw extrusion." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6352.
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The twin screw extrusion technique has been explored to produce lyotropic liquid crystal coated powder precursor by exploiting Pluronic F127 thermoreversible gelation property to get powder precursor without granular aggregates or with less compacted granular aggregates. The highly soluble chlorpheniramine maleate loaded in Pluronic F127 solution coated MCC particles prepared through twin screw extrusion was examined to produce the cubic phase (gel) for the development of controlled release formulation and for coating of very fine particles which cannot be achieved by traditional bead coaters. Controlled release formulations are beneficial in reducing the frequency of administration of highly soluble drugs having short half life and also to address the problem of polypharmacy in old age patients by reduction of dosage frequency. An unusual refrigerated temperature (5 C) profile for twin screw extrusion was selected based on the complex viscoelastic flow behaviour of Pluronic F127 solution which was found to be highly temperature sensitive. The Pluronic F127 solution was found to be Newtonian in flow and less viscoelastic at low temperature, such that low temperature (5¿C) conditions were found to be suitable for mixing and coating the MCC particles to avoid compacted aggregates. At higher temperatures (35-40¿C) Pluronic F127 solution exhibited shear thinning and prominent viscoelasticity, properties which were exploited to force CPM containing Pluronic F127 solution to stick over the MCC surface. This was achieved by elevating the temperature of the last zone of the extrusion barrel. It was found that to avoid compacted aggregates the MCC must be five times the weight of the Pluronic F127 solution and processed at a screw speed of 400 RPM or above at refrigerated temperature. Processing was not found to be smooth at ambient temperature with frictional heat and high torque generation due to significant compaction of coated particles which can be attributed to the elastic behaviour of Pluronic F127 solution at temperatures between ambient to typical body temperature. PLM images confirmed the cubic phase formation (gel) by Pluronic F127 coating which was found to be thick with maximum Pluronic F127 concentration (25%). SEM images showed smoothing of surface topography, and stretching and elongation of MCC fibres after extrusion which is indicative of coating through extrusion processing. Plastic deformation was observed for the lower Pluronic F127 concentration and higher MCC proportions. There was a significant decrease in work done for cohesion by the powder flow analyser observed in the batches with more aggregates compared with batches with least aggregates. A regression analysis study on factorial design batches was conducted to investigate the significant independent variables and their impact on dependent variables for example % torque, geometric mean diameter and work done for cohesion, and to quantitatively evaluate them. From the regression analysis data it was found that the coefficient of determination for all three dependent variables was in the range of 55-62%. The pharmaceutical performance of the prepared coated LLC precursor through twin screw extrusion in terms of controlled release was found to be very disappointing. Almost 100% chlorpheniramine maleate was released within 10-15mins, defined as providing burst release. The MDSC method was developed within this work to detect Pluronic F127 solution cubic phase formation. The MDSC method was developed to consider sample size, effect of heating and cooling, sample heat capacity, and the parameters for highest sensitivity which can be followed by sample accurately without the phase lag to produce accurate repeatable results.
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Ctibor, Michal. "Pragmatická analýza latinského vokativu." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-339883.
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The thesis presents several so far unnoticed functions of (not only) Latin vocative. It argues against previous believes that vocative is used either for addresses, calls and summons, evaluation of addressee and emphasis, or is otherwise only conventional, polite, and thus lacking any real function. Firstly, the author describes vocative from the Speech Act Theory view-point and offers definitions of speech acts call and address. In chapters 3 and 4, he pays attention to vocatives so far considered as lacking function. Relying on the analysis mostly of Cicero's speeches and old Roman comedies, he presents two crucial functions of vocative in non-initial position in a text: 1) vocative as a mean of cohesion which helps to make the organization of the text more transparent and which emphasizes the structure of the text; 2) vocative of assurance/guarantee. In chapter 5, several minor functions of vocative are mentioned (mostly of pragmatic character): triumphal vocative, vocative as a disgrace and vocative as a parody. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
Books on the topic "Cohesive means"
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Ogorzalek, Thomas K. Urbanicity, City Delegations, and Two-Dimensional Liberalism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190668877.003.0002.
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This theoretical chapter develops the argument that the conditions of cities—large, densely populated, heterogeneous communities—generate distinctive governance demands supporting (1) market interventions and (2) group pluralism. Together, these positions constitute the two dimensions of progressive liberalism. Because of the nature of federalism, such policies are often best pursued at higher levels of government, which means that cities must present a united front in support of city-friendly politics. Such unity is far from assured on the national level, however, because of deep divisions between and within cities that undermine cohesive representation. Strategies for success are enhanced by local institutions of horizontal integration developed to address the governance demands of urbanicity, the effects of which are felt both locally and nationally in the development of cohesive city delegations and a unified urban political order capable of contending with other interests and geographical constituencies in national politics.
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Eriksson, Olle, Anders Bergman, Lars Bergqvist, and Johan Hellsvik. Applications of Density Functional Theory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788669.003.0003.
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In this chapter we give examples of how density functional theory describes some of the most basic magnetic properties of a material. This involves spin and orbital moments, Heisenberg exchange parameters and magnetic form factors. Relativistic effects couple spin and orbital space and make magnetic materials anisotropic, which means that the ground state magnetization is oriented parallel or perpendicular to high symmetry directions of the crystalline structure. We also illustrate how well density functional theory describes cohesive properties and how magnetism influence these properties. These examples serve to give a general picture of how well density functional theory, as described in the previous chapters, can reproduce relevant features of magnetic materials, as well as to illustrate that the onset of spin-polarization can have drastic influence on all properties of a material.
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Merchant, Tanya. Beyond the Canon. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039539.003.0002.
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This chapter examines traditional music as a means to construct a cohesive pre-Soviet past in Uzbekistan. Traditional music encompasses three maqom traditions with roots in cities that currently exist within the borders of Uzbekistan: Xorazm maqom, Shashmaqom, and Tashkent-Ferghana maqom. The chapter first considers the history of the construction of the canon of traditional music in Uzbek institutions before discussing traditional music and maqom's links to nationalism in the city of Tashkent. It then looks at women's roles performing the great works in the maqom tradition, along with two masters of this tradition, Yunus Rajabi and Munojat Yulchieva. It also explores the role of maqom in the shift in cultural capital in Uzbekistan after independence. The chapter concludes with an assessment of dutar ensembles as an area of contested gender identity that is very much context dependent.
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Pohl, Walter. Social Cohesion, Breaks, and Transformations in Italy, 535–600. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777601.003.0004.
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When the Gothic War began in Italy in 535, the country still conserved many features of classical culture and late antique administration. Much of that was lost in the political upheavals of the following decades. Building on Chris Wickham’s work, this contribution sketches an integrated perspective of these changes, attempting to relate the contingency of events to the logic of long-term change, discussing political options in relation to military and economic means, and asking in what ways the erosion of consensus may be understood in a cultural and religious context. What was the role of military entrepreneurs of more or less barbarian or Roman extraction in the distribution or destruction of resources? How did Christianity contribute to the transformation of ancient society? The old model of barbarian invasions can contribute little to understanding this complex process. It is remarkable that for two generations, all political strategies in Italy ultimately failed.
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Barger, Lilian Calles. The Feminine Principle. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190695392.003.0010.
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This chapter examines the language of identity and the search for group solidarity among women and found in the idea of sisterhood. A common story of oppression became the means for group cohesion. Through consciousness-raising, women’s liberation carried the seeds of a radical theology and sought to forge a common story of struggle. Feminist theologians turned to women’s history and biography and the new narrative theology as a means to create sacred stories of oppression and liberation. They attempted to recover the feminine principle and the image of the Great Mother, threatening the movement with essentialism and obscuring the differences among women due to race and class.
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Watson, J. R. Dissenting Hymnody. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198702245.003.0018.
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Just as sermons were central to Dissenting identity, so too were hymns. Hymns rapidly became a means of creating a sense of group cohesion, as well as transmitting important ideas and doctrine to the congregations that sang them. Particularly when there were concerns about spiritual lethargy, hymns were an excellent way to ensure that Dissenting congregations maintained a sense of ‘spiritual wakefulness’. Not only could hymns be used to inculcate a sense of Dissenting identity and transmit paraphrases, prayer, and praise, they also proved to be a popular evangelistic tool both as part of domestic revivals and, later, in foreign mission fields. They were a means to convey practical Christian experience and also to point towards the best ways to practise the Christian life.
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Morgan, Patrick M. Reflections on Lawrence Freedman’s ‘Deterrence’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851163.003.0004.
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This chapter focuses on the social aspects of strategy, arguing for the importance of relationships in strategy and, in particular, in understanding of deterrence. Deterrence, in its essence, is predicated upon a social relationship – the one deterring and the one to be deterred. Alliance and cooperation are important in generating the means for actively managing international security. Following Freedman’s work on deterrence in the post-Cold War context, ever greater interaction and interdependence might instill a stronger sense of international community, in which more traditional and ‘relatively primitive’ notions of deterrence can be developed. However, this strategic aspiration relies on international, especially transatlantic, social cohesion, a property that weakened in the twenty-first century, triggering new threats from new kinds of opponent. The need for a sophisticated and social strategy for managing international security is made all the more necessary.
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Yuskaev, Timur, and Harvey Stark. Imams and Chaplains as American Religious Professionals. Edited by Jane I. Smith and Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199862634.013.024.
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The following analysis examines the trends and challenges that have come to define American Muslim religious leadership over the past forty years. By concentrating on personal narratives and institutional expectations of imams and chaplains, the objective is to present a picture of the new and evolving understanding of these leaders in the United States. Conceptually, this entails reimagining religious leadership and adapting the distinct but deeply interrelated notions of ‘ulama and clergy to an American Muslim context. Furthermore, although there is a direct, fluid, and organic connection between the titles of imam and chaplain, the importance of differentiating one profession from the other, in terms of the contexts in which they work and the responsibilities they carry out, cannot be overstated. Given the increasing importance of chaplains and imams, this process involves negotiating crucial issues related to the cohesion of the American Muslim community, such as ethics, law, and cultural practice. In addition it means the professionalization of leadership, creating standards that meet the multifaceted needs of the Muslim and non-Muslim communities. Last, the relationship between imams and chaplains speaks to the new and adaptive roles that Muslim women are playing as religious leaders in America and the strategies being employed as a result.
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Smith, Jane I., and Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, eds. The Oxford Handbook of American Islam. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199862634.001.0001.
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This Handbook offers an up-to-the-minute analysis of Islam in America by 30 of the best scholars in the field. It covers the initial growth of Islam in the US from the earliest arrivals through the beginnings of African American Islam, as well as the waves of pre- and post-WWII immigrants when Muslims had little sense of religious identity in relation to their American compatriots. Providing basic information about Sunni, Shi‘ite, sectarian and Sufi movements in America, the volume considers the role of ethnic and racial identity in religious formation. Special attention is given to the role and status of women, marriage, and family. The rise of religious and educational institutions, leadership and youth movements, along with the expansion of Islam through outreach in prisons and through volunteerism, have served to give cohesion and a growing sense of what it means to be part of American Islam. The final section of the book deals with the component pieces of contemporary Islam in America such as politics and government, intellectual life and interfaith endeavors. The process of integration and assimilation that has been intensified as a response to 9/11 has brought about a creative response in which Muslims are eager to be Muslim and American at the same time. The volume concludes with elements of Muslim culture that are part of the current creative response to the reality of American Islam, including Islamic dress and fashion, art and architecture, film and filmmaking, health and medicine, politics, and Muslim-Christian relations. Bracketing these articles on integration and assimilation are thorough investigations of both the effects of the war on terror and the continuing Islamophobia that it has engendered, and of the relationship of American Islam to international Islam.
Book chapters on the topic "Cohesive means"
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Eliseev, Alexander A., Tatiana A. Kalashnikova, Andrey V. Filippov, and Evgeny A. Kolubaev. "Material Transfer by Friction Stir Processing." In Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering, 169–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60124-9_8.
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AbstractMechanical surface hardening processes have long been of interest to science and technology. Today, surface modification technologies have reached a new level. One of them is friction stir processing that refines the grain structure of the material to a submicrocrystalline state. Previously, the severe plastic deformation occurring during processing was mainly described from the standpoint of temperature and deformation, because the process is primarily thermomechanical. Modeling of friction stir welding and processing predicted well the heat generation in a quasi-liquid medium. However, the friction stir process takes place in the solid phase, and therefore the mass transfer issues remained unresolved. The present work develops the concept of adhesive-cohesive mass transfer during which the rotating tool entrains the material due to adhesion, builds up a transfer layer due to cohesion, and then leaves it behind. Thus, the transfer layer thickness is a clear criterion for the mass transfer effectiveness. Here we investigate the effect of the load on the transfer layer and analyze it from the viewpoint of the friction coefficient and heat generation. It is shown that the transfer layer thickness increases with increasing load, reaches a maximum, and then decreases. In so doing, the average moment on the tool and the temperature constantly grow, while the friction coefficient decreases. This means that the mass transfer cannot be fully described in terms of temperature and strain. The given load dependence of the transfer layer thickness is explained by an increase in the cohesion forces with increasing load, and then by a decrease in cohesion due to material overheating. The maximum transfer layer thickness is equal to the feed to rotation rate ratio and is observed at the axial load that causes a stress close to the yield point of the material. Additional plasticization of the material resulting from the acoustoplastic effect induced by ultrasonic treatment slightly reduces the transfer layer thickness, but has almost no effect on the moment, friction coefficient, and temperature. The surface roughness of the processed material is found to have a similar load dependence.
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Ali, Souraya. "School Linking as a Means of Fostering Community Cohesion." In Rethinking Education for Social Cohesion, 202–19. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137283900_14.
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Frayha, Nemer. "Education as a Means of Building Social Cohesion in Lebanon: An Unfinished Task." In Rethinking Education for Social Cohesion, 103–13. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137283900_7.
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Bolshakov, Igor A., and Elena I. Bolshakova. "Measurements of Lexico-Syntactic Cohesion by Means of Internet." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 790–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11579427_80.
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Lefcourt, Herbert M. "Humor as a Means of Retaining Social Cohesion and Support." In Humor, 127–39. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4287-2_9.
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Giuliano, Patrizia. "19. Discourse Cohesion in Narrative Texts: The Role of Additive Means in Italian L1 and L2." In Comparative Perspectives on Language Acquisition, edited by Marzena Watorek, Sandra Benazzo, and Maya Hickmann, 375–400. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781847696045-021.
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Lähdesmäki, Tuuli, and Aino-Kaisa Koistinen. "Explorations of Linkages Between Intercultural Dialogue, Art, and Empathy." In Dialogue for Intercultural Understanding, 45–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71778-0_4.
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AbstractIn the 2000s, European societies have transformed quickly due to the networked global economy, deepening a European integration process, forced and voluntary movement of people to and within Europe, and influence of social media on culture, communication, and society. Europe has become an increasingly diverse and pluricultural continent where many people simultaneously identify with multiple different cultural and social groups. In such “super-diversified” (Vertovec in New complexities of cohesion in Britain: Super-diversity, transnationalism and civil-integration, Communities and Local Government Publications, Wetherby, 2007) European societies diversity itself is broad, multidimensional, and fluid (Vertovec in New complexities of cohesion in Britain: Super-diversity, transnationalism and civil-integration, Communities and Local Government Publications, Wetherby, 2007; Blommaert and Rampton in Language and Superdiversity. Diversities 13(2):1–21, 2011). Different social locations and identities intersect within them—whether cultural, ethnic, national, social, religious, or linguistic. At the same time, however, European societies have faced the rise of diverse populist and radical right-wing movements promoting profoundly monoculturalist views and cultural purism. What are the means to confront this polarization of views and attitudes in Europe?
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Felício, J. Augusto, and Ricardo Rodrigues. "NPO Governance Case." In Management for Professionals, 15–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48606-8_4.
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AbstractSocial organizations play a very important role in ensuring social cohesion and well-being, but constraints on public expenditure mean fiercer competition for financial resources and greater difficulties in accessing these resources.This case study is focused on CAJIL, a nonprofit social organization that, in this demanding context, is implementing a large-scale investment project. For this reason, CAJIL needs to reinforce the governance structure to assure investors and the implicated public institutions that CAJIL is capable of completing the project and responding to the management challenges associated with the increase in activity and complexity linked to this investment.
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Logie, Carmen H., Ying Wang, Patrick Lalor, Kandasi Levermore, and Davina Williams. "Exploring the Protective Role of Sex Work Social Cohesion in Contexts of Violence and Criminalisation: A Case Study with Gender-Diverse Sex Workers in Jamaica." In Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights, 79–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64171-9_5.
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AbstractBackground: Sex work social cohesion (SWSC) is associated with reduced HIV vulnerabilities, yet little is known of its associations with mental health or violence. This is particularly salient to understand among gender-diverse sex workers who may experience criminalisation of sex work and same-gender sexual practices. This chapter explores SWSC and its associations with mental health and violence among sex workers in Jamaica.Methods: In collaboration with the Sex Work Association of Jamaica (SWAJ) and Jamaica AIDS Support for Life, we implemented a cross-sectional survey with a peer-driven sample of sex workers in Kingston, Montego Bay, and Ocho Rios. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was conducted to examine direct and indirect effects of SWSC on depressive symptoms and violence (from clients, intimate partners, and police), testing the mediating roles of sex work stigma and binge drinking. SWAJ developed an in-depth narrative of the lived experiences of a sex worker germane to understanding SWSC.Results: Participants (N = 340; mean age: 25.77, SD = 5.71) included 36.5% cisgender men, 29.7% transgender women, and 33.8% cisgender women. SEM results revealed that SWSC had significant direct and indirect effects on depressive symptoms. Sex work stigma partially mediated the relationship between SWSC and depressive symptoms. The direct path from SWSC to reduced violence was significant; sex work stigma partially mediated this relationship.Implications: Strengths-focused strategies can consider the multidimensional role that social cohesion plays in promoting health and safety among sex workers to further support the ways in which sex workers build community and advocate for rights.
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Reccia, Emanuele, Antonella Cecchi, and Gabriele Milani. "FEM/DEM Approach for the Analysis of Masonry Arch Bridges." In Computational Modeling of Masonry Structures Using the Discrete Element Method, 367–92. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0231-9.ch014.
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The problem of masonry arch bridges load carrying capacity is studied by means of a coupled FEM/DEM 2D approach. The numerical model relies into a triangular discretization of the domain with embedded crack elements that activate whenever the peak strength is reached. The proposed approach can be regarded as a combination between Finite Elements allowing for the reproduction of elastic strain into continuum and DEM, suitable to model frictional cohesive behavior exhibited by masonry structures even at very low levels of external loads. The aforementioned numerical approach is applied to masonry arch bridges interacting with infill. A preliminary validation of the procedure is addressed for the prediction of the masonry arches limit state behavior where the stones are supposed infinite resistant and plastic hinges can occur exclusively on mortar joints, modeled as cohesive frictional interfaces. The sensitivity of the infill role varying mechanical properties of the infill is extensively discussed.
Conference papers on the topic "Cohesive means"
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Grams, A., T. Prewitz, O. Wittler, J. Kripfgans, S. Schmitz, A. Middendorf, W. H. Muller, and K. Lang. "Simulation of an aluminum thick wire bond fatigue crack by means of the cohesive zone method." In 2013 14th International Conference on Thermal, Mechanical and Multi-Physics Simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics and Microsystems (EuroSimE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurosime.2013.6529961.
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Sanz, B. "Simulation of push-out tests of corroded reinforced concrete specimens by means of cohesive interface elements with frictional behavior." In 10th International Conference on Fracture Mechanics of Concrete and Concrete Structures. IA-FraMCoS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21012/fc10.235566.
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Gu¨rtner, Arne, Morten Bjerka˚s, Walter Ku¨hnlein, Peter Jochmann, and Ibrahim Konuk. "Numerical Simulation of Ice Action to a Lighthouse." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-80164.
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Ice actions to the Norstro¨msgrund lighthouse are simulated by means of the computational cohesive element model. The numerical model is developed in the framework of finite elements. Fracture of the ice sheet is accounted for by the cohesive elements placed at internal finite element mesh boundaries in order to track traction versus separation. One single ice event on the Norstro¨msgrund lighthouse is selected for which the ice loads as well as outer boundary conditions are recorded. This event serves as a basis for comparison to the computational method presented in this paper. The simulation results indicate that the proposed numerical method captures many of the qualitative observation as well as quantitatively derives comparable global ice loads to the lighthouse to those of the selected ice event. Future analysis should include additional validation to variations in ice thickness and drift speed.
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Miedema, Sape A. "Constructing the Shields Curve: Part C — Cohesion by Silt, Hjulstrom, Sundborg." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10524.
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The ‘standard’ Shields curve is intended for determining an erosion criterion for non-cohesive particles. Non-cohesive in this respect means that the particles are subject to drag and lift forces and subject to turbulent instantaneous velocities. The particles are not subject to inter-particle attraction or repulsion forces such as van der Waals forces and electro-chemical forces. The bed also is not subject to shear strength or yield stress. A cohesive sediment however is subject to these phenomena, resulting in higher critical shear stresses and higher Shields values. The cohesive effect can result from the presence of a silt (quartz) fraction or the presence of a clay fraction in the sediment. Here only the presence of a silt fraction will be considered. The silt particles in general are small enough to be subject to van der Waals forces. These attraction forces are strong enough to act like glue between the larger sand particles. In order to determine these attraction forces a Virtual Attraction Particle Diameter (VAPD) is introduced. The VAPD is the diameter of a virtual silt particle that can explain for the attraction forces in combination with the d50 of the sand. The VAPD will be in the range of the d1-d5. The van der Waals forces (if strong enough) increase the critical shear stress and thus the Shields parameter with a factor, which is inversely proportional with the d50 and inversely proportional with the VAPD (the diameter of the smallest fraction of the silt particles) to the third power. The relation often found in literature for this factor, inversely proportional with the d50 to the second power, can be explained by the fact that there is often a relation between the d50 and the VAPD. The smaller the d50, the smaller the VAPD. This however can lead to inverse proportionalities with different powers between the first power and the third power, depending on the coincidental choice of the diameter of the silt fraction. The model developed also shows that there does not exist a single Shields curve for sands with a cohesive silt fraction, but for a given set of the sediment density, the maximum sediment density (minimum porosity) and the VAPD, a Shields curve can be constructed. Using a density of 1.95 ton/m3, a minimum porosity of 0.32 (a rather uniform PSD) and a VAPD of 3 μm, the Brownlie equation can be approximated very closely. If the silt does not contain particles with a diameter smaller than 10 μm, there is hardly any cohesive effect. If the silt however contains a fraction of particles with a diameter around 1 μm, the cohesive effect is huge and already influences sand particles with a diameter of 1 mm. The model developed has been verified and validated with experiments from literature and gives a very good match, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The model developed also gives a good explanation of the famous Hjulström and Sundborg diagrams and gives these diagrams a more fundamental basis.
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Skowron, Piotr, Martin Lackner, Markus Brill, Dominik Peters, and Edith Elkind. "Proportional Rankings." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/58.
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We extend the principle of proportional representation to rankings: given approval preferences, we aim to generate aggregate rankings so that cohesive groups of voters are represented proportionally in each initial segment of the ranking. Such rankings are desirable in situations where initial segments of different lengths may be relevant, e.g., in recommender systems, for hiring decisions, or for the presentation of competing proposals on a liquid democracy platform. We define what it means for rankings to be proportional, provide bounds for well-known aggregation rules, and experimentally evaluate the performance of these rules.
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Chen, Yong, and Wei Dong. "Parametric Studies of Nonlinear Damping Behavior of APS Thermal Barrier Coatings Based on Cohesive Interface Model." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69343.
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Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) could reduce the temperature of the turbine blades and allow them working at higher temperatures, which leads to higher durability and reliability of turbine blades, and improves engine performance and fuel efficiency. Recent researches shown that thermal barrier coatings have very good damping properties, which means it could also improve the high cycle fatigue (HCF) life of the turbine blades. Previous studies found that damping of air plasma spray (APS) thermal barrier coatings exhibit non-linearities (amplitude-dependent) due to its microstructures, which consists of several layers of splats with inter- and intra-microstructural micro-cracks. The main purpose of this paper is on the application of a bilinear cohesive interface model to simulate the microstructural features, the damage process and the contact friction between the interfaces of microstructural faults in APS ceramic topcoat. A representative volume element (RVE) model which coupled with the cohesive interface model is built and parametric relations, in terms of interface strength and stiffness, vibration amplitude and vibration cycles, are computed in this paper for understanding the effect of interfacial degradation, de-bonding, sliding, and contact friction between the interfaces of microstructural faults on the nonlinear damping properties. The calculation results could provide a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the observed nonlinear energy dissipation and damping properties in APS ceramic coatings.
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Winter, Amos G., Robin L. H. Deits, Daniel S. Dorsch, A. E. Hosoi, and Alexander H. Slocum. "Multi-Substrate Burrowing Performance and Constitutive Modeling of RoboClam: A Biomimetic Robot Based on Razor Clams." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-29060.
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The Atlantic razor clam (Ensis directus) reduces burrowing drag by using motions of its shell to fluidize a thin layer of substrate around its body. We have developed RoboClam, a robot that digs using the same mechanisms as Ensis, to explore how localized fluidization burrowing can be extended to engineering applications. In this work we present burrowing performance results of RoboClam in two distinctly different substrates: ideally granular 1mm soda lime glass beads and cohesive ocean mudflat soil. Using a genetic algorithm to optimize RoboClam’s kinematics, the machine was able to burrow in both substrates with a power law relationship between digging energy and depth of n = 1.17. Pushing through static soil has a theoretical energy-depth power law of n = 2, which means that Ensis-inspired burrowing motions can provide exponentially higher energy efficiency. We propose a theoretical constitutive model that describes how a fluidized region should form around a contracting body in virtually any type of saturated soil. The model predicts fluidization to be a relatively local effect, extending only two to three characteristic lengths away from the body, depending on friction angle and coefficient of lateral earth pressure, two commonly measured soil parameters.
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Laforte, Caroline, and Jean-Louis Laforte. "Tensile, Torsional and Bending Strain at the Adhesive Rupture of an Iced Substrate." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79458.
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In order to develop an effective deicing device using mechanical deformation of substrates, the adhesive and/or cohesive strains of ice at rupture were measured for three different modes of solicitation: tensile, twisting and bending. A total of 108 icing/deicing tests were conducted with aluminum and nylon samples covered with hard rime ice deposits 2, 5, and 10 mm thick strained at various strains rates in brittle regime at −10°C. Real time deformation was precisely monitored using a strain gage fixed to the A1 interface, and force by means of load cells and a torque-meter. Deicing strain was determined at the time of ice detachment, which corresponds to a visible, instant change in the slope of stress-strain curves. The mean values of deicing strains, ε %, measured in tensile, torsion and bending experiments are respectively, 0.037 ± 0.015%, 0.043 ± 0.023% and 0.004 ± 0.003% As for adhesion strength, the highest values were obtained in tension, 4 MPa ± 50%, and the lowest in bending, 0.014 MPa ± 36%. In torsion, the value was intermediary, at 1.26 MPa ± 67%. Measurements also showed that deicing stress and strain tended to increase with substrate roughness, whereas they decrease with increasing ice thicknesses. In summary, this work points out the effects of two major factors on ice adhesion strength, the solicitation mode and the ice thickness. Finally these results suggest that the first criteria for a mechanical deicing device has to satisfy to be effective is to have the capacity to generating a strain at around 0.04% ice/substrate interface.
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Spill, Severin, Tulio Quiroz, and Aligi Foglia. "Influence of Different Pile Installation Methods on Dense Sand." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96109.
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Abstract A current investigation subject of geotechnical modelling is the realistic representation of the installation process of offshore piles and its influences on the surrounding soil. Depending on the soil conditions piles can be installed with different installation technologies like impact driving, vibratory driving or jacking. The soil disturbances produced as a consequence of the pile installation affect the pile capacity. The dimension of the affected region depends on the installation process itself and its parameters as well as the soil initial state and the pile geometry. Currently, there are no general approaches which can predict the effects of pile installation on the soil conditions. In this contribution a brief summary of published data describing installation effects for impact driven, vibratory driven and jacked piles is given. Secondly, the influences of different pile installation methods on the surrounding soil are presented based on experimental results for non-cohesive soils from various projects. These will be analyzed by means of a comparison of dynamic probe light (DPL) and cone penetration tests (CPT) executed before and after the pile installations. Additionally the area of influence will be quantified with respect to their relative distance to the pile axis. Finally, based on these results recommendations for future works will be given.
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Xu, Chunyang, Yongping Chen, and Lili Yu. "A Constitutive Model for Soft Mud Considering the Initial State of Effective Stress." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-62341.
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Consolidation is one of the most important processes that are needed to be accounted for in the model of cohesive sediment transport. Previous studies have shown that the consolidation paths for soil elements are not unique at low effective stress (here low effective stress means the effective stress is smaller than a threshold effective stress, which is short as TES and denoted as σb) In this study, a new theoretical constitutive equation for the effective stress of soft mud is derived to describe the non-unique consolidation paths at low effective stress. Firstly, based on the concept of fractal dimension, the mud flocs are treated as self-similar fractal entities and the relationship between mud floc size and sediment volume fraction is established. Due to the fact that the fractal dimension decreases as the floc size increases, the variation of fractal dimension is accounted for. Based on the self-similar model, the theoretical constitutive equation for the effective stress of soft mud is derived. The constitutive equation is validated using two data sets obtained from consolidation tests in a settling column for soft clay. At low effective stress, the model results curves follow the data trends and the non-uniqueness of consolidation paths are captured. The model results are also compared with existing numerical results and better agreement is presented especially when η is less than 0.5.