Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Coke – Combustion'
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Witzel, Lars. "Formation d’imbrûlés solides lors de la combustion des fuels lourds." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0028.
Full textAn enforced conscience toward the environment led too stricter emission limit regulations for the combustion of heavy fuel oil. This work is ta determine the possibilities for the prediction of solid emissions of industrial plants. In a first step fuel oil droplets are pyrolysed in inert gas while falling down a tube , to obtain solid particles (hollow spheres, called cenospheres). The mass ratio cenospheres/injected fuel is established. In a second step, the reactivity with air is measured by thermogravimetric analysis. The results (mass ratio cenospheres/fuel, reactivity and ignitions temperature of the cenospheres) may be sufficient to control the quality of one heavy fuel oil production and to test the efficiency of combustion additives. A model that simulates the fast pyrolysis of a heavy fuel oil droplet and the particle formation has been developed
Prieto, Jiménez Natalia. "Simulação da combustão de coque em regeneradores FCC usando fluidodinâmica computacional." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266866.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
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Resumo: Craqueamento Catalítico Fluidizado (FCC) é um processo amplamente utilizado para converter frações de hidrocarbonetos de óleos brutos de petróleo com elevado ponto de ebulição, a produtos mais valiosos tais como gasolina e gases olefínicos (alcenos). Durante as reações de craqueamento, o catalisador é desativado rapidamente devido à deposição de coque na sua superfície. Em unidades industriais de FCC, o catalisador desativado é continuamente regenerado utilizando um regenerador, conectado ao reator riser. Além da regeneração do catalisador (combustão de coque pelo contato com o ar), o regenerador FCC fornece também a energia necessária para as reações de craqueamento endotérmicas. O objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa é simular a combustão de coque em um regenerador tridimensional, analisado variáveis de saída como concentração de carbono, temperatura, velocidade axial e radial das fases sólida e gasosa, e fração volumétrica de sólidos, mediante a técnica de Fluidodinâmica Computacional (CFD). Para isto, são utilizadas duas configurações de regenerador com dimensões e condições de contorno tomadas da literatura. Para a modelagem matemática e numérica utilizaram-se os softwares comerciais ANSYS-CFX V11 e FLUENT V12, junto com sub-rotinas desenvolvidas durante a pesquisa. Foram comparados sistemas de reação homogênea e heterogênea utilizando o modelo cinético Finite-Rate laminar, no qual as taxas de reação são determinadas pelas expressões cinéticas de Arrhenius. Do desenvolvimento das simulações obtiveram-se resultados satisfatórios que serão úteis no entendimento do complexo processo da regeneração de catalisadores para processos de FCC
Abstract: Fluidized Catalytic Cracking (FCC) is a widely used process to convert hydrocarbon fractions of crude petroleum oils with high boiling point to more valuable products such as gasoline and olefin gases (alkenes). During the cracking reactions, the catalyst is quickly deactivated due to coke deposition on its surface. In FCC industrial units, deactivated catalyst is continuously regenerated using a regenerator, connected to the riser reactor. In addition to catalyst regeneration (coke combustion by contact with air), FCC regenerator also provides the necessary energy for endothermic cracking reactions. The aim of this research was to simulate the coke combustion in a three-dimensional regenerator, analyzing output variables as coke concentration, temperature, axial and radial velocity of solid and gaseous phases, and solid volume fraction through the technique of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). For this purpose two configurations of regenerator were used with dimensions and boundary conditions taken from the literature. For mathematical and numerical modeling, the commercial software ANSYS-CFX V11 and FLUENT V12 were used, with subroutines developed during the research. Homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction systems were compared using the laminar Finite-Rate kinetic model, in which the reaction rates are determined by Arrhenius kinetic expressions. The simulation of this system produced satisfactory results that will be useful in understanding the complex process of catalyst regeneration for FCC processes
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos
Mestre em Engenharia Química
Radhakrishnan, Arun. "Self-sustained combustion of low grade solid fuels in a stagnation-point reverse-flow combustor." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50275.
Full textSimard, Guy. "La modélisation de la combustion dans un four de calcination de coke de pétrole /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1992. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textOmar, Faisal. "Contribution à l'étude de la gazéification et de la combustion des combustibles solides." Aix-Marseille 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX30031.
Full textZhao, Lei. "Simulation of Combustion and Thermal-flow Inside a Pyroscrubber." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2008. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/863.
Full textLinn, Nyein Nyein [Verfasser]. "Combustion behavior of lumpy coke particle under shaft kiln conditions / Nyein Nyein Linn." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1158660103/34.
Full textZhang, Zexuan. "Simulation of Combustion and Thermal-flow Inside a Petroleum Coke Rotary Calcining Kiln." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1073.
Full textEdeki, Onoriode Lucky. "Fundamental investigations into the effects of different plastic wastes stream on both coke quality and products combustion." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486870.
Full textDuretz, Marc. "La combustion dans le four water-jacket à plomb : influence des caractéristiques du coke et des paramètres de conduite." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ECAP0240.
Full textMALLET, CHANTAL. "Influence de la pression et du monoxyde de carbone sur la combustion d'un coke de charbon : experiences et modelisation." Orléans, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ORLE2046.
Full textZeltner, Darrel Patrick. "NO, Burnout, Flame Temperature, Emissivity, and Radiation Intensity from Oxycombustion Flames." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3221.
Full textLago, Diogo Theodoro. "Substituição do gás de coqueria por gás natural no sistema de Ignição de uma caldeira de produção de vapor /." Guaratinguetá, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192357.
Full textResumo: Caldeiras de produção de vapor são utilizadas no setor siderúrgico para produzir e disponibilizar vapor para o processo de geração de energia e para os vários setores que necessitam de aquecimento durante a fabricação de seus produtos, como por exemplo, a vaporização de criogênicos para distribuição na planta. Portanto, caldeiras são equipamentos que necessitam ter confiabilidade. Atualmente, a CSN (siderúrgica brasileira de grande porte) possui duas caldeiras do início da década de 80 que somente partem e operam com uma chama piloto utilizando gás de coqueria, um gás que é subproduto da produção de coque em uma planta siderúrgica. Assim, para alcançar o objetivo de mais confiabilidade e flexibilidade na operação destas caldeiras, utilizou-se os métodos de índice Wobbe, corrigido pela pressão, e o método dos múltiplos índices de Weaver para avaliar a substituição do gás de coqueria pelo gás natural de modo que estas caldeiras possam operar com gás natural em caso de indisponibilidade de gás de coqueria. Mesmo que o aporte energético entre os gases seja diferente, este pode ser ajustado pela pressão do gás. A temperatura de chama adiabática não tem variação significativa, reduzindo-se apenas 1,4%. As emissões de fumaças e CO2 aumentam com a substituição, porém as emissões de NOx tem redução. A utilização do método dos múltiplos índices de Weaver para análise de intercambiabilidade demonstra que o gás natural não é um substituo para um queimador projetado para queimar gás de co... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Steam generators are used in the steel industry to produce and supply steam process for power generation and for other sectors that need heat to manufacture their products, such as the cryogenics vaporization for distribution in the facilities. Therefore, steam generators are equipment that need to have reliability. Currently, CSN (large Brazilian steelmaker) has two steam generators from the early 1980s that only startup and operate with a pilot flame using coke oven gas, a gas that is a byproduct of coke production at a steel plant. Thus, in order to achieve the working objective, reliability and flexibility in the operation of these steam generators, the Wobbe index method, with pressure-corrected, and the Weaver's multiple index method were used to verify the coke oven replacement for natural gas, and then, these steam generators can operate with natural gas in case of coke oven gas unavailability. Results shown in the same way that the energy increase between the gases are different can be adjusted in the pressure reduction. The flame temperature has insignificant variation, only 1.4%. Off gas and CO2 emissions increase with interchangeability. However, NOx emissions are reduced. The Weaver multiple index method for interchangeability analysis demonstrates that natural gas is not a gas to replace coke oven gas in a burner designed to burn coke oven gas, but if the burner is designed to natural gas, coke oven gas may be the substitute gas. Regarding the heat input and pri... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Commandré, Jean-Michel. "Formation des oxydes d'azote lors de la combustion de cokes de pétrole dans des conditions de précalcinateur de cimenterie." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443942.
Full textPedot, Thomas. "Modélisation du couplage thermique entre la combustion et l'encrassement des tubes d'un four de raffinerie." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0095/document.
Full textIn industrial refinery furnaces, the efficiency of the thermal transfer to heat crude oil before distillation is often altered by coke deposition inside the process pipes. This leads to increased production and maintenance costs, and requires better understanding and control. Crude oil fouling is a chemical reaction that is, at first order, thermally controlled. In such large furnaces, the predominant heat transfer process is thermal radiation by the hot combustion products, which directly heats the pipes. As radiation fluxes depend on temperature differences, the pipe surface temperature also plays an important role and needs to be predicted with sufficient accuracy. This temperature results from the energy balance between thermal radiation and conduction in the solid material of the pipe, meaning that the thermal behavior of the whole system is a coupled radiation-conduction problem. In this work, this problem is solved in a cylindrical furnace, using the Discrete Ordinate Method (DOM) with accurate spectral models for the radiation of combustion gases, described by a complex chemistry flame model, and coupled to heat conduction in the pipe to predict its wall temperature. An energy balance confirms that heat transfers are effectively dominated by thermal radiation. Good agreement with available measurements on a real furnace shows that the proposed approach is able to predict the heat transfer to the pipe. The method gives an accurate prediction of the radiative source term and temperature fields in the furnace and on the pipe surface, which are key parameters for liquid fouling inside the pipe. Although reasonably accurate results are obtained with simple models, they still can be easily improved by more sophisticated models for turbulence, combustion and radiation. The next step is to couple the calculation of the pipe temperature to a fouling law. Since exact composition of crude oil is not available, one needs to model coke deposition with simple fouling law. The idea is to model the deposition rate by a thermal resistance added to the heated pipe and allows to coupling the calculation of the pipe temperature to a fouling law. A simple chemical model is used, and validated against a labscale experiment, prior to apply it to a furnace configuration. Comparing the temperature obtained with the simulation to the temperature measured by thermal probes at selected locations shows that the simulation is able to capture the temperature variation at these points. It is shown that coking occurs when the temperature has remained high on both sides of the pipe for a sufficient length. We explain how to extract a fouling law in controlled condition when the deposit is induced by thermal stressing of the crude. Finally, the whole system, including radiation,conduction and deposition, is coupled. Results are compared to the real furnace and show relatively good agreement in terms of external skin pipe temperature prediction. This observation validates the methodology exposed in this script
Croiset, Eric. "Influence de la pression totale sur la reactivite et sur les mecanismes heterogenes de formation et de destruction des oxydes d'azote lors de la combustion de coke de charbon." Orléans, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ORLE2039.
Full textPedot, Thomas. "Modélisation du couplage thermique entre la combustion et l'encrassement des tubes dans un four de raffinerie." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00727153.
Full textSennoune, Mohamed. "Control of the smoldering front temperature in a carbon- and carbonate-containing porous medium in order to limit CO2 emissions." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0107/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis focuses on the control of the smoldering front propagating in a porous medium containing fixed carbon and carbonates (CaCO3). The main objective is to reduce the front temperature, in situ (oil recovery or gas production from oil shale) or in process (combustion of semicoke), in order to limit the medium decarbonation and the resulting CO2 emissions. The reactive porous medium retained to realize the laboratory experiments is a crushed (0.5 to 2 mm) and pre-pyrolyed oil shale, called semicoke. The front propagates in co-current. The first technique experimentally tested is the addition to the semicoke of an inert material (sand) and/or a reactive material (CaCO3) to vary the contents of fixed carbon and of CaCO3, independently. We show that the increase of the CaCO3 content enables to reduce the temperature to 800 °C, but not below; this does not allow to avoid decarbonation. Bringing down the fixed carbon content enables to reduce the front temperature, see even to reach extinction. In the lowest temperatures of propagation, the decarbonation is strongly limited. On the other hand, the front slows down because it does not use all of the fed oxygen. The second original technique consists in adding CO2 (20 mol.%) to the oxidizer air. We show that for a hot front, the decarbonated fraction is reduced from 100% down to 70%, and the CO production at fixed carbon oxidation is increased; this leads to increase the LCV of the produced gas. For a cold front, the decarbonation which was 20%, is totally avoided by adding CO2. Finely, experiments are proposed in the “reaction trailing” combustion mode, little known and implemented. This mode has the major interest to avoid the reactions of “Lower Temperature Oxidation” prejudicial for oil or gas yields in in situ process. Stable and repeatable experiments are realized with different oxygen fractions in feeding gas. The front temperature is directly linked to this parameter; the decarbonation is clearly limited in this mode of propagation. Two types of modeling are proposed. A mass and thermal balance based on simple analytical expressions enables to evaluate the front temperature and velocity. A numerical model developed by IMFT is based on convective/diffusive heat and mass transfer equations coupled with the oxidation reactions (into CO and CO2) and CaCO3 decarbonation is proposed. It describes in a very satisfactory way the experiments in the “reaction leading” mode with variation of the medium composition (first technique)
Refahi, Sorour. "Développement d'un code de transfert radiatif et de son couplage avec un code LES." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00832350.
Full textDohnal, Jakub. "Kotel na spoluspalovaní vysokopecního plynu a koksárenského plynu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-242878.
Full textGhorbanian, Kaveh. "Superdetonative flow of gaseous propellant mixtures over sphere-cone bodies /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7141.
Full textMachara, Radek. "Návrh kotle na spoluspalování vysokopecního plynu a koksárenského plynu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-319265.
Full textEmtil, Hassane. "Implantation et validation de sous-modèles de délai et de suie et modélisation du rayonnement dans le code Kiva-II." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECDL0037.
Full textGoncalves, Dos santos Rogério. "Large Eddy simulations of turbulent combustion including radiative heat transfer." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECAP1052.
Full textThe combustion is one of the principal ways to produced energy used nowadays, it is also a complex phenomenon, where the turbulent flow, chemical reactions, different phases and different heat transfer phenomena can interact. Better understanding of these interactions is essential to improve the actual combustion system and to developed the new ones. The goal of this thesis is to study the interaction of the turbulent combustion with the thermal radiation by the use of three-dimensional numerical simulation. For that, using a computational tool named CORBA, a code for the combustion Large Eddy Simulation (LES) was coupled with a radiative heat transfer code. This technique allows the exchange of information between the two codes without big changes in their structure, then it is possible to take advantages of the different characteristic time from each phenomenon in a high performance parallel computational environment. In a first time, two-dimensional simulation of a turbulent propane/air premixed flame stabilized downstream a triangular flame holder has been realised. After the changing of the twodimensional radiation code for another three-dimensional one, the same configuration was simulated in 3D. A mesh with more than 4. 7 millions cells for the combustion code (AVBP) and more than 3. 3 millions cells for the radiation code (DOMASIUM) are used. Results show a changing in the temperature and species fields, as well as in the flame dynamics when the thermal radiation was taken into account, with a minor intensity in the three-dimensional simulations. This method, also, shows that it is possible to perform 3D complex simulations in a industrial acceptable time
Mohamed, Jainulabdeen Mohammed Abdul Kadher. "Combustion Noise and Instabilities from Confined Non-premixed Swirl Flames." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1560867354695989.
Full textAffad, El Houssin. "Modélisation de la combustion turbulente dans les moteurs à allumage commandé avec prise en compte d'une cinétique complexe. Prédiction des polluants." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUES011.
Full textXu, Zhenlong Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Mechanical. "Development of a computer code for a solid fuel ramjet combustor." Ottawa, 1991.
Find full textNasr, Ayoub. "Détermination par un code CFD de l'évolution de la puissance d'un feu en régime de sous-ventilation dans un milieu confiné et mécaniquement ventilé." Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00657278.
Full textAl, Majthoub Mohd Mamoun. "Influence de la pression sur la combustion des cokes de charbon et sur l'emission des oxydes d'azote." Orléans, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ORLE2043.
Full textFoucart, Hervé. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle des films liquides pariétaux dans les moteurs à combustion interne." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES077.
Full textJúnior, Carlos Roberto da Silva. "Emissões atmosféricas decorrentes da combustão do diesel : aldeídos e HPAS." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Exatas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química dos Recursos Naturais, 2009. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000148777.
Full textIn this work, we determined the concentrations of i) 21 carbonyl compounds (cc) in the atmospheric air formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, acrolein, propanal, butanal, butanone, crotonaldehyde, isobutenal, benzaldehyde, isopentanal, pentanal, o-tolualdehyde, m-tolualdehyde, p-tolualdehyde, hexanal, 2,5-dimethybenzaldehyde, heptanal, octanal, ethylhexanone and decanal; ii) suspended particles in different sizes using the impactors Sioutas, NanoMOUDI, PM10 low-vol and the PM2,5 cyclones; 16 PAHs naphthalene, acenaphthene, acenaphtylene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluorene, pyrene (PYR), benzo[a]anthracene (BAA), chrysene (CRY), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BBF), benzo[k]fluorantene (BKF) benzo[a]pyrene (BAP), dibenz[ah]anthracene (DBA), benzo[ghi]perylene and indene[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IND) - associated the suspended particles collected by the impactor Sioutas; all current of the combustion of the diesel/biodieseil in the central terminal of urban bus of Londrina in the period from July 3 on 24, 2008. 14 daily (24 hour of collection) samples of cc were collected using cartridges Sep-pak C18 impregnated with 2,4-DNPH. Later the cc were extracted using acetonitrile, being their certain concentrations for High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The medium concentration obtained for the total cc was 12,76±2,19 ppbv. The largest found concentrations went to acetaldehyde (medium concentration 6,90 ppbv), formaldehyde (2,53 ppbv) and acetone (1,14 ppbv). In the analyses gravimetrys, 12 daily samples were collected using the impactor Sioutas, composed by 4 impactors fragmentation and a powders filte. The variation in the concentration of PM was from 2,1 to 34,1 µg m-3, the total medium obtained concentration was 49,6 µg m-3. The material particulate obtained like this was extracted with acetonitrile and it was verified the emission and distribution by size of PAHs in PM. Of 16 investigated PAHs, acenaphthylene was not detected for the used technique. The compositions PYR, BAA, CRY, BBF, BKF, BAP, DBA, BGP and IND were found associates the different fractions PM with the respective medium concentrations 0,024±0,066, 0,039±0,062, 0,049±0,063, 0,043±0,057, 0,012±0,019, 0,022±0,036, 0,071±0,148, 0,014±0,030 and 0,057±0,104 ng m-3. As the distribution for size, the compositions BBF, BKF, BAP, IND and BGP were found predominantly likely in the fine particles and the compositions BAA, CRY and DBA in the fine and thick particles. They were also collected 3 samples of PM using the impactor Sioutas with 168 hours of collection, the concentrations obtained in these conditions were equivalent found them in 24 hours. Three samples were collected using the impactor NanoMOUDI, the total medium obtained concentration was of 44,0 µg m-3. They were obtained 19 samples of PM2,5 and PM10 with medium concentrations of 16,4±7,6 µg m-3 and 58,9±20,6 µg m-3, respectively. It was obtained like this, the profile of emission of the compositions investigated coming of the it burns of B3 in atmosphere with little circulation of air.
Nocturne, Alexandra. "Développement d'outils pour la modélisation de la formation de polluants,CO et NOx, dans des chaudières domestiques." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECAP0524.
Full textDurand, Pascal. "Modélisation de brouillards de gouttelettes par une approche statistique." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES023.
Full textCremona, Pierre. "Caractérisation expérimentale et numérique des scenarii de feu impliquant un conduit de fumée d'appareils de combustion bois." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0023/document.
Full textThe structural evolution of residential buildings due to thermal, environmental regulations and roll out of the Construction Products Regulation generate major challenge for chimney manufacturers, in particular with regard to the safety of residents during a fire. Two fire resistance scenarios are eloquent in European Regulations: the one associated with the development of fire in the room where the chimney is located and the last reported on the development of fire in the chimney itself, by ignition of the deposits. In both cases, the chimney must not be a vector for propagating fire to adjacent rooms and combustible materials. In this context, the present study aims to characterize the main thermal transfers involved in the two scenarios and to better understand the kinetics of formation, decomposition, ignition and combustion of the deposits within the chimney. To do this, an experimental and numerical approach was adopted. The experimental part allows to determine the chemical characteristics (elemental and chemical analyzes) and thermo-physical characteristics (density, conductivity, effusivity and thermal capacity, porosity, calorific value) of 24 residues from real installations or created in laboratory under representative conditions of combustion. These residues are then studied in thermogravimetric analyzers (TGA) and Cone Calorimeters in order to determine the thermal decomposition steps as well as the flammability and combustibility properties, in cases of piloted and auto-ignition. A consequent database of the set of properties has then been generated. A fire-resistant furnace (according to EN 1366-13) allowed the study of the chimney participation in the propagation of fire from one room to another, through the measurement of temperature fields, above the ceiling. The tests allow the acquisition of data essential to the definition of the initial conditions and the limits necessary for the development and the validation of a numerical model developed under Fluent. This model describes heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation. It makes possible to estimate the temperature level on the outer wall of the chimney above the furnace, which is required in the EI performance declaration tests according to EN 1366-13, regardless of the configuration of the chimney (diameter, materials...). The results obtained correspond to the need for Poujoulat, whose challenge is to have an experimental and numerical tool for the development of fire-resistant chimney and a database relating to deposits in order to advise the habitants
Singh, Sajan B. "A Numerical Study of High Temperature and High Velocity Gaseous Hydrogen Flow in a Cooling Channel of a NTR Core." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1766.
Full textAfonso, Renata. "Vanadato de bismuto obtido por síntese de combustão : caracterização e aplicação como fotoeletrodos." Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, 2015. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000202881.
Full textThis work had as objective to synthesize the BiVO4 semiconductor with monoclinic structure by combustion synthesis, modifying the experimental conditions and to produce electrodes by different deposition techniques, with applications in photoelectrocatalysis of dyes and in drug determination. Thus, BiVO4 electrodes were produced by electrophoretic deposition, dip-coating and layer by layer techniques. Among the fuel (Alanine, Glycine and Urea) and surfactants (CTAB, SDS and Tween®80), the addition of Alanine and Tween®80 during synthesis in the BiVO4 electrodes produced by electrophoretic deposition improved photoelectrocatalytic properties of the semiconductor. In the films produced by dip-coating was verified improvement of the electrodes in photoelectrocatalysis of the methylene blue and methyl orange dyes in films with drying temperatures between layers of 50 ºC. The BiVO4 film synthesized with alanine and Tween®80, by combustion in solution and deposited by layer by layer, was able quantify the atenolol β-blocker in pharmaceutical formulations and urine sample, by amperometric method proposed, with good reproducibility and low detection limit, without renewal of the electrode surface before each measurement.
Ghedhaifi, Weeded. "Modélisation de la combustion turbulente par le modèle de flamme cohérente couplé à une méthode de réduction de cinétique chimique en vu de la prédiction de l'émission des polluants." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ECAP1001.
Full textThe PhD was carried out in the EM2C Laboratory of CNRS and ECP and was supported by the glass industrial Saint-Gobain. The PhD work concerns turbulent combustion modelling and pollutant emissions. We developed a turbulent combustion model where the Coherent Flame Model (CFM) and detailed chemistry were combined. The CFM model was chosen since it provides a good description of the interaction between the flame front and turbulent scales in the considered flow. Detailed chemistry was introduced using a chemistry tabulation technique. We also developed a new model to predict Nitrogen Oxide production and thermal NO in particular. The existing models do not provide accurate estimations of NOx emission because of their simplified assumption. Then we developed a model using detailed chemistry considerations to decrease the required assumptions. To test these models, two simplified 2D configurations and a 3D configuration of glass furnace were used to carry out numerical simulations. The model was tested for the three combustion modes : premixed, partially premixed and non-premixed combustion. The numerical results are quite good and show the developed model capability of dealing with turbulent combustion where detailed chemistry is included. Furthermore, the NO modelling shows that the new model is able to predict a consistent behavior depending on the different parameters. However, the model needs to be validated using experimental measurements
Morrisset, David. "The Effect of Orientation on the Ignition of Solids." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2171.
Full textHamidouche, Ziad. "Modeling and numerical simulation of coupled reactive fluidized beds in a Chemical Looping Combustion system." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/17921/1/hamidouche.pdf.
Full textTafforin, Anne-Gaëlle. "Modélisation des transferts radiatifs en milieu diphasique, émissif, absorbant et multidiffusant : application aux particules de suies formées dans les flammes laminaires." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUES004.
Full textLemos, Bruno Rodrigues de Lana. "Ânions inorgânicos e black carbon em material particulado proveniente da combustão de mistura diesel e biodiesel." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Exatas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 2015. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000201752.
Full textIn brazil is being used diesel and biodiesel fuel blends, in 2014 the mixture B5 (5% biodiesel / 95% diesel) was changed to B6 and B7. The prediction for 2020 is the course of the use of B20. The LACA laboratory (INCT Energy and Environment) has been following since 2000 changes in emissions from the combustion of heavy vehicles (buses) measured gases, particulate matter, and its organic and inorganic content. There are differences in several studies on the positive and negative aspects of the use of diesel / biodiesel blends in engines and its impact on the environment. Thus, this study aimed to study the emissions of mixtures of heavy vehicles, real-time operation. Particulate matter, majority inorganic anions (chloride, nitrate and sulfate) and black carbon (BC) were determined in the internal environment of the central city of Londrina terminal. The results showed that the mean concentrations for the mass was 21.83 ± 5.01 MP1,0 µg m-3 for the PM2.5 was 26.79 ± 6.7 mg m-3 and PM10 was 42.15 ± 14.97 µg m-3. The anions represented 8.3% of the fine PM mass and 9.13% of the large MP and BC represented 85% of fine PM and 65% thicker. The NO3-/SO4-2 ratio was 0.54 e 0.65 for PM2.5 and 0.45 for PM10. The sulfate anion was observed at higher concentration.
Fall, Mamadou. "Impact toxicologique des émissions de moteur à combustion interne : Pneumotoxicité et mutagénicité in vitro." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES001.
Full textConflicting results were observed in vivo and in vitro regarding different components of diesel exhausts. His difference could be explained by physic and/or chemical modifications of diesel exhausts generated during sampling. Our work, performed in vitro, has permitted to study the impact of particle suspension supplemented or not with a surface-active (Tween 20) and also the effect of an unfiltered and filtered diesel exhaust continuous flow in an organotypic culture of rat lung slices. In a second part, the mutagenic study of Benzyl Chloride (BCl) in its gaseous phase in a Salmonella modified assay, allowed to perform an exposure system of complex atmospheres and its application to diesel exhaust direct exposure. The impact study in lung tissue has shown activation of the enzymes involved in glutathione cycle observed with unfiltered and filtered exhaust involving the gaseous phase in this oxydizing stress. Inflammatory phenomenons, demonstrated by an increase of the TNF-a, were assigned to diesel particles. The presence of Tween 20 increased the toxicity of particles in suspension in liquid phase probably to make easy the desorption and/or absorption of these compounds. Regarding genotoxicity study, the mutagenic activity of BCl gaseous phase observed in vaporization-diffusion, has encouraged the use of this method for mutagenic evaluation of diesel exhausts under continuous flow. Mutagenic activity of unfiltered and filtered diesel exhausts was found, specifically in TA 100 strain and its derivatives the TA 100NR and YG 1029. The use of immobilized bacteria model (thin coating alginate gel), in order to allow a better exposure approach to diesel exhausts, has not given better results and requires furthe optimization. The exposure conditions of biological systems to diesel exhausts remain the main factor capable to influence highly the interpretation of the results and in that way the depollution strategy of the internal-combustion motors
Uliana, Nilva Regina. "Obtenção de partículas core-shell visando absorção de impacto e seu comportamento anti-chamas." Florianópolis, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/100544.
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Materiais poliméricos podem ter a sua resistência ao impacto modificada pela adição de partículas poliméricas com estrutura casca-núcleo, onde o núcleo é composto por uma fase elastomérica e a casca por uma fase vítrea. Para que isto ocorra, é necessário que a casca da partícula com núcleo elastomérico tenha compatibilidade pela matriz em que será adicionada. Neste trabalho, foi investigada a obtenção de partículas casca-núcleo (fase rica em poliestireno/ fase rica em polibutadieno) através da técnica de polimerização em emulsão visando à sua utilização como modificadores de impacto em poliestireno, PS. Esta reação foi acompanhada por análises de gravimetria e espalhamento dinâmico de luz e a morfologia das partículas foi analisada por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, que comprovou a formação do casca-núcleo. Este látex, seco, foi incorporado a matriz de PS cristal em uma extrusora mono-rosca. Foram avaliadas as propriedades de resistência ao impacto em função da adição do látex seco e do número de passagens pela extrusora. Posteriormente, foi incorporado um composto retardante de chamas não-halogenado, Charmax NH2000®. Esses agentes retardantes de chamas podem ser incorporados em matriz polimérica através de várias técnicas de incorporação. No presente estudo, foram desenvolvidos compósitos e nanocompósitos através da técnica de incorporação no estado fundido (extrusão) com a incorporação de argila Na+ e o agente retardante de chama. Foram analisadas propriedades de flamabilidade, propriedades de resistência ao impacto e a morfologia. A investigação através do ensaio de flamabilidade permitiu obter resultados dos compósitos e nanocompósitos onde, apresentaram resultados satisfatórios de flamabilidade. No entanto verificou-se que apesar das boas propriedades de flamabilidade, o aumento da quantidade de retardante de chama e a adição de argila tornam os materiais menos resistentes ao impacto em comparação ao polímero virgem.
The resistance to impact of Polymeric materials can be modified by the addition of polymer particles with core shell structure, in which the core consists of a rubber phase and the Shell a glassy phase. To obtain this material, the Shell of the rubbery core-shell particle needs to be compatible with the matrix in which it will be added. In this work, the obtention\production of core-shell particles (phase rich in polystyrene / polybutadiene-rich phase) by emulsion polymerization and their use as impact modifiers in polystyrene was investigated. The reactions were followed by gravimetric and dynamic light scattering analysis. The particle morphology was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and the observed results proved the formation of core-shell. This latex, after dried, was incorporated into the PS crystal matrix in a single screw extruder. the properties of impact resistance were evaluated as a function of addition of the dried latex and the number of passages through the extruder. After this step, a non-halogenated flame retardant compound (Charmax NH2000). The flame retardants may be incorporated by various tech-niques for incorporation into a polymeric matrix. In this work, have been developed composites, and nanocomposites through the technique of embedding in the molten state (extrusion) with the incorporation of clay Na+ and flame retardant. The flammability, impact resistance properties and morphology were analyzed. The investigation by the flamability testing of vertical UL-94 the re-sults allowed to obtain results of the composites and nanocomposites where showed satisfactory results for flammabil-ity. However it was found that despite the good properties of flammability, the increased amount of flame retardant and the addition of clay materials become less resistant to impact against the virgin polymer.
Sibra, Alaric. "Modélisation et étude de l’évaporation et de la combustion de gouttes dans les moteurs à propergol solide par une approche eulérienne Multi-Fluide." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLC019/document.
Full textThe addition of a significant mass fraction of aluminum particle in the propellant of Solid Rocket Motors improves performance through an increase of the temperature in the combustion chamber. The distributed combustion of aluminum droplets in a portion of the chamber yields a massive amount of disperse aluminum oxide residues with a large size spectrum, called a polydisperse spray, in the entire volume. The spray can have a significant impact on the motor behavior and in particular on the onset/damping of instability. When dealing with aeroacoustical and thermoacoustical instabilities, the faithful prediction of the interactions between the gaseous phase and the spray is a determining step for understanding the physical mechanisms and for future solid rocket motor optimization. In such a harsh environment, experimental measurements have a hard time providing detailed explanation of the physical mechanisms and one has to resort to numerical simulation. For such a purpose, the distributed combustion zone and thermal profile therein, the heat generated by the combustion of the dispersed droplets and the large size distribution of the aluminum oxide residues and its coupling with he gaseous phase hydrodynamic and acoustic fields have to be accurately reproduced through a proper level of modeling and a high fidelity simulation including a precise resolution of size polydispersity, which is a key parameter.In this contribution, we choose a kinetic approach for the description of polydisperse sprays. The Williams-Boltzmann Equation is used to model the disperse phase and we derive a fully Eulerian approach through moment methods. The Multi-Fluid (MF) methods naturally treat droplet size evolution through phenomena such as evaporation and coalescence. These methods rely on the conservation of size moments on fixed intervals called sections and yield systems of conservation laws for a set of "fluids" of droplet of various sizes, which is strongly coupled with the gas phase via source terms. We derive a new optimal and flexible Two Size Moment MF method based on a family of polynomial reconstruction functions to describe the size distribution in the sections, which is second order accurate and particularly efficient at describing accurately the evolution of the size distribution with a moderate number of sections. An original work is also conducted in order to extend this approach to two-component droplets. For size moment MF methods, realizability of the moments is a crucial issue. Thus, we have developed innovative schemes for integrating source terms in moment conservation equations describing transport in phase space. This method enables the use of more representative aluminum droplet combustion models, and leads to more advanced studies of the distributed combustion zone. Moreover, for unsteady two-phase flow simulations, we have developed a robust and accurate coupling strategy between phases that are modeled by a fully Eulerian approach based on operator splitting in order to treat such spatial and temporal very multi-scale problems with reasonable computational time. All the proposed developments have been carried out following two criteria : 1- an attractive cost/accuracy ratio for industrial simulations in the context of high fidelity simulations 2- a preservation of industrial code legacy. Verification of the models and methods have been conducted first using an in-house reseach code and then in the context of a two-phase acoustic study thus emphasizing the relevance of the splitting technique to capture accurately spray-acoustic interactions
Sabino, Fabio Cal. "Hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPA e nitro-HPA) em fase gasosa e particulada provenientes de processos de combustão veiculares." Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, 2015. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000207016.
Full textVolatile organic compounds comprises up a large group of pollutants in the atmosphere including hundreds of compounds harmful to human health, standing out the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) due to its high toxicity and mutagenicity. In the atmosphere this substances can react to form secondary compounds often more toxic than the original, for example the nitrate aromatics (NHPA) can be 10 times more toxic than the original. Therefore of utmost importance its characterization as air quality and control of these compounds in the atmosphere. One of the main sources of anthropogenic emissions in cities are the burning of fossil fuels, currently the pollution profile from this source of emissions has changed due to new mixtures of fuels and vehicle engines on the market (biodiesel and flex-fuel engines), being necessary to know this new pollution profile. Currently are added 5% biodiesel in diesel fuel sold, scientifically, is still not possible understanding this new pollution profile generated by fuel switching. Classical methodologies established by international protection agencies for the environment recommended the use of XAD for aromatic sampling gas phase, although such techniques present high sampling time and too much use of organic solvents, is still widely used without any modification and concern well as evaluating the current situation of environmental research. In order to examine the presence of PAH and NPAH in gas phase and associated with the fine fraction of particles (PM1.0 and PM2.5 ) from the combustion of diesel / biodiesel blend (B5) , campaigns were conducted over the years (2011-2013 ) in urban bus station of Londrina and a parking lot to light vehicles , this places that allow sampling pollutant concentrations in real time, to recognizable sources and consequently the pollution fingerprint. For comparative tests between samplers ( denuder and cartridge) was performed to verify similarity at concentration levels for the PAH , and a study on sampling time variation and consequences high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a fluorescence detector (LC / FLD ) and high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry ( LC / APCI / MS ) were used to determine the PAH and NPAHs . The use of biofuels in Brazil is encouraged and monitoring of the evolution of emissions from combustion processes is important and necessary to follow the change of air quality and the impact on the environment.
Brugin, Priscila. "Quantificação de aminas primárias nas fases gasosa e particulada em ar ambiente impactado pela combustão de mistura diesel/biodiesel (B5)." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Exatas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 2014. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000196077.
Full textAmines are basic substances in the atmosphere that react with acidic species to form secondary particulate matter. Amines are generate during combustion processes and may affect human health and ecosystems. The use of biodiesel as a biofuel added to diesel is growing and there are no studies about the impact on the environment. Four primary aliphatic amines (methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl amine) were studied in the central city bus station in Londrina, where vehicles are using the B5 blend. Sampling was carried out from 17 to 23 December 2013 and 22 to 29 January 2014. Amines in the gas and particulate phase (PM1,0 and PM2,5) were collected using denuders and cyclones, respectively. The determination of primary amines occurred by high efficiency liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector after derivatization reaction with phenyl isothiocyanate in basic solutions. The working range of the analytical method was 0.2 to 2.0 µmol L-1 with a quantification limit of 0.538, 1.736, 0.624, 0.534 µmol L-1 for methyl, ethyl, propyl and butylamine respectively. 65 samples were obtained, methyl, ethyl and butyl amine were identified and quantified, propyl amine was not detected in any sample. For the gas-phase the mean concentration and standard deviation were 86.15 ± 101.47; 101.55 ± 65.21; 223.68 ± 297.38 ng m-3 for methyl, ethyl and butyl amine respectively. For the particulate fraction in the 1.0 µm mean concentrations and standard deviation obtained were 3.45 ± 4.40; 11.23 ± 14.05; 4.93 ± 4.61 ng m-3 for methyl, ethyl and butyl amine respectively. For the fraction 2.5 µm of the mean concentration and standard deviation was 2.90 ± 4.67 ng m-3 for methylamine, 10.07 ± 7.36 ng m-3 for ethylamine and 6.77 ± 6.28 ng m-3 for butylamine. By Pearson correlation shows the existence of three distinct groups, the first distinguish the methyl, ethyl and butyl amine in the gas-phase. The second group correlating methyl and ethylamine in fractions PM1.0 and PM2.5. In addition, the third group with negative coefficient discriminating butylamine in MP1.0 fraction. Can be inferred that the gaseous amines are derived directly from the combustion process of B5 blend, methyl and ethylamine in fractions PM1.0 and PM2.5 may result from conversion processes gas-to-particles and finally the butylamine distinguished by their behavior up the processes of origin or generation.
Le, Touze Clément. "Couplage entre modèles diphasiques à « phases séparées » et à « phase dispersée » pour la simulation de l’atomisation primaire en combustion cryotechnique." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4088/document.
Full textTwo-phase flows play a significant role for the proper functioning of cryogenic liquid-propellant rocketengines, such as those that equip the launchers of the Ariane family. Since the experimental investigationof such propulsion devices is complex and expensive, developing numerical tools able to accuratelysimulate their functioning, is a crucial but nonetheless ambitious objective. The major difficulty is due tothe multiscale nature of the problem, as a result of which there is currently no numerical approach ableto perfectly describe all the liquid scales on its own. Based on this observation the work presented in thisthesis aims at setting up a coupling strategy between models well-adapted to each two-phase flowtopology, in the framework of the ONERA’s multiphysics CEDRE software. The approach adoptedprecisely consists in coupling a 4-equation diffuse interface model for the separated phases and aeulerian kinetic model for the dispersed phase, thus making it possible to describe primary atomization.Besides, the harsh conditions within cryogenic rocket engines, where large temperature, velocity anddensity gradients are encountered, severely challenge the robustness of numerical methods. A newmultislope MUSCL method for general unstructured meshes is thus developed in order to improve therobustness and accuracy of space discretization schemes. The whole coupling strategy is finally appliedto the numerical simulation of the ONERA’s Mascotte test bench for cryogenic combustion research
Nascimento, Thaísa Cardoso. "Síntese, caracterização e estudo das propriedades magnéticas de CoFe(2-x)YxO4, 0≤x≤0,05, produzidas por reação de combustão." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3192.
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Compounds of CoFe(2-x)YxO4, with 0 x 0.05, were synthesized by combustion reaction. On the synthesis we used as oxidizing reagents, iron nitrate Fe(NO3)3.9H2O, cobalt nitrate Co(NO3)2.6H2O, yttrium nitrate Y(NO3)3.6H2O and as a fuel reducer, was used urea CO(NH2)2 with 300% in excess. Post nanometric of cobalt ferrite in the spinel structure was obtained, wich formed crystalline aggregates, with crystallite average size of 20 ± 3 nm. The results of X-ray diffraction showed well defined diffraction peaks characteristic of the pure phase CoFe2O4, not showing secondary phase for all the compounds stoichiometries. The infrared spectra showed bands characteristic of the metal and the oxygen bonds in the octahedral and tetrahedral sites around 590-600 cm-1 and 400 cm-1 respectively, as well as, shifting of the same to higher frequencies, also showed bands relating to residual compounds bonds of the synthesis stage, that was eliminated during the heating to obtain the thermograms. The thermograms showed the material chemical stability and the residual compounds elimination and the crystallization of the same starting at 400°C. The micrographs achieved through transmission electron microscopy showed crystalline agglomerates and using the program Image J. was possible to make 301 counts of the particles diameters and to obtain a mean value for the sample x = ~ 1.5% of 18.58 nm, close to that obtained by the Scherrer equation, which for this sample was ~19 nm. The scanning electron microscopy via Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) was used to determine the chemical composition of the experimental material, and along with the stoichiometric calculate the values were tabulated. The data exposed in the table showed an agreement with the calculated values whit the obtained. The magnetic analysis revealed that the samples show the typical ferrimagnetism of the compound nature dependent of the Y3+ concentration.
Compostos de CoFe(2-x)YxO4, com 0 x 0,05, foram sintetizados por reação de combustão. Na síntese foram empregados como reagentes oxidantes; nitrato de ferro, Fe(NO3)3.9H2O, nitrato de cobalto Co(NO3)2.6H2O, nitrato de ítrio Y(NO3)3.6H2O e como redutor, combustível, foi usado uréia CO(NH2)2 com 300% em excesso. Pós nanométricos de ferritas de cobalto na estrutura de espinélio foram obtidos, formaram agregados cristalinos, com tamanho médio dos cristalitos de 20 ± 3 nm. Os resultados de Difração de raios X mostraram os picos de difração bem definidos característicos da fase de CoFe2O4 pura, não apresentando fase secundária para todas as estequiometrias do composto. Os espectros de infravermelho mostraram as bandas característica das ligações metal e oxigênio nos sítios tetraédricos e octaédricos em torno 590-600 cm-1 e 400 cm-1 respectivamente, bem como deslocamento das mesmas para freqüências maiores, apresentaram também bandas referente a ligações de compostos residuais da etapa de síntese eliminados durante o aquecimento para obtenção dos termogramas. Os termogramas mostraram a estabilidade química do material, a eliminação de compostos residuais e a cristalização do mesmo a partir de 400°C. As micrografias obtidas através da microscopia eletrônica de transmissão mostraram aglomerados cristalinos e através do programa Image J. foi obtido o valor médio dos diâmetros das partículas para a amostra x=1,5% de ~19±6 nm, próximo ao obtido pela equação de Scherrer, que para a referida amostra foi de ~19±3 nm. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura através do Espectrômetro de Energia Dispersiva (EDS) foi usado para determinar a composição química experimental do material e juntamente com o calculado estequiometricamente os valores foram tabelados. Os dados exposto na tabela mostraram uma concordância dos valores calculados com os obtidos. As análises magnéticas revelaram que as amostras apresentam ferrimagnetismo característico da natureza do composto dependente da concentração de Y3+.
Ayache, Simon Victor. "Simulations of turbulent swirl combustors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/243609.
Full textCimatti, Federico. "Progettazione del processo fusorio per la realizzazione di cilindro per motore a combustione interna a due tempi." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16429/.
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