Journal articles: 'Coke – Combustion'

1

Nyakuma, Bemgba, Olagoke Oladokun, and Aliyu Bello. "Combustion Kinetics of Petroleum Coke by Isoconversional Modelling." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 12, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht12.04.505.

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2

Cheng, C. L. "Coke oven gas combustion systems." Fuel and Energy Abstracts 37, no. 3 (May 1996): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6701(96)88856-4.

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3

Wang, Ziming, Ko-ichiro Ohno, Shunsuke Nonaka, Takayuki Maeda, and Kazuya Kunitomo. "Temperature Distribution Estimation in a Dwight–Lloyd Sinter Machine Based on the Combustion Rate of Charcoal Quasi-Particles." Processes 8, no. 4 (March 31, 2020): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8040406.

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The coke combustion rate in an iron ore sintering process is one of the most important determining factors of quality and productivity. Biomass carbon material is considered to be a coke substitute with a lower CO2 emission in the sintering process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the combustion rate of a biomass carbon material and to use a sintering simulation model to calculate its temperature profile. The samples were prepared using alumina powder and woody biomass powder. To simplify the experimental conditions, alumina powder, which cannot be reduced, was prepared as a substitute of iron ore. Combustion experiments were carried out in the open at 1073 K~1523 K. The results show that the combustion rates of the biomass carbon material were higher than that of coke. The results were analyzed using an unreacted core model with one reaction interface. The kinetic analysis found that the kc of charcoal was higher than that of coke. It is believed that the larger surface area of charcoal may affect its combustion rate. The analysis of the sintering simulation results shows that the high temperature range of charcoal was smaller than that of coke because of charcoal’s low fixed carbon content and density.

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4

Yang, Guisheng, Zhihong Yang, Jinliang Zhang, Zhanhai Yang, and Jiugang Shao. "Combustion Characteristics and Kinetics Study of Pulverized Coal and Semi-Coke." High Temperature Materials and Processes 38, no. 2019 (February 25, 2019): 783–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2019-0034.

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AbstractCombustion process of bituminous coal, steam coal, anthracite (AC) and semi-coke were investigated through thermogravimetric analysis method and influence of metamorphic grade as well as heating rate on combustion characteristics were analyzed. Results show that combustion performance could not be represented by single combustion characteristic parameter. Through analysis of comprehensive combustion characteristic indexes, with increase of metamorphic grade combustion performance of coal is lowered, and combustion performance of semi-coke and AC are close to each other. With increase of heating rate, combustion curves move into high temperature region and comprehensive combustion characteristic indexes are increased, which show that the combustion performance is improved. Random pore model (RPM), unreacted shrinking core model (URCM) and volume model were used to calculate kinetic parameters of combustion process. Results show that RPM has the best performance to represent combustion process of the four samples and through calculation by RPM kinetic energy of combustion process for all samples are between 43.08 and 99.43 kJ/mol, and there is compensation effect during combustion process.

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5

Brandauer, M., A. Schulz, and S. Wittig. "Mechanisms of Coke Formation in Gas Turbine Combustion Chambers." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 118, no. 2 (April 1, 1996): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2816587.

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New gas turbine combustor designs are developed to reduce pollutant and NOx emissions. In these new combustors, the formation of carbonaceous deposits, especially in prevaporizers, affects the reliability and effectiveness of operation. To avoid deposits, a detailed knowledge of the origins and mechanisms of formation is required. To obtain a deeper insight, the phenomena were studied systematically. The deposits under consideration show differing characteristics suggesting more than one formation mechanism in the combustor. Consequently, the primary goal was to identify the formation mechanisms and, subsequently, to simulate the mechanisms under well-defined conditions in bench tests for determining the relevant parameters of deposit build-up. The mechanisms of formation were identified based on the properties of the deposits in the combustion chamber. In order to characterize the deposits, physical and chemical analysis techniques were utilized. In summary, tests and numerical predictions identified two major paths of formation: a deposit build-up resulting from flame products such as soot or coked droplets and a deposit build-up resulting from liquid fuel impinging the wall accompanied with chemical reactions at the wall. The deposits caused by fuel droplet impingement were intensively studied in bench tests. In analyzing the processes, the influence of wall temperature, fuel composition, and the oxygen content in the environment is shown in detail. In addition, the importance of thermal instabilities of the fuel, previously studied under fuel supply system conditions, is demonstrated for a deposit formation inside a combustion chamber.

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6

Kou, Luyao, Junjing Tang, Tu Hu, Baocheng Zhou, and Li Yang. "Effect of CaO on catalytic combustion of semi-coke." Green Processing and Synthesis 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 011–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2021-0002.

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Abstract Generally, adding a certain amount of an additive to pulverized coal can promote its combustion performance. In this paper, the effect of CaO on the combustion characteristics and kinetic behavior of semi-coke was studied by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The results show that adding proper amount of CaO can reduce the ignition temperature of semi-coke and increase the combustion rate of semi-coke; with the increase in CaO content, the combustion rate of semi-coke increases first and then decreases, and the results of TG analysis showed that optimal addition amount of CaO is 2 wt%. The apparent activation energy of CaO with different addition amounts of CaO was calculated by Coats–Redfern integration method. The apparent activation energy of semi-coke in the combustion reaction increases first and then decreases with the increase in CaO addition. The apparent activation energies of different samples at different conversion rates were calculated by Flynn–Wall–Ozawa integral method. It was found that the apparent activation energies of semi-coke during combustion reaction decreased with the increase in conversion.

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7

KONG, Dejuan, Yong WANG, Qulan ZHOU, Na LI, Yuhua LI, Tongmo XU, and Shien HUI. "B210 COMPARATIVE STUDY ON COMBUSTION PERFORMANCE OF PETROLEUM COKE, HEJIN COAL AND SHENMU COAL(Combustion-6)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE) 2009.2 (2009): _2–135_—_2–139_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicope.2009.2._2-135_.

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8

Vossoughi, Shapour, and Youssef El-Shoubary. "Kinetics of Crude-Oil Coke Combustion." SPE Reservoir Engineering 4, no. 02 (May 1, 1989): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/16268-pa.

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9

Miroshnichenko, I. V., D. V. Miroshnichenko, I. V. Shulga, and Y. S. Balaev. "THE FORECAST OF COKE COMBUSTION HEAT." Journal of Coal Chemistry 2 (February 2020): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31081/1681-309x-2020-0-2-11-21.

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10

OKSANEN, A., and R. KARVINEN. "Combustion-Generated NOxand Coke in Heavy Residual Fuel Oil Combustion." Combustion Science and Technology 108, no. 4-6 (January 1995): 345–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00102209508960406.

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11

Kong, Xianglu, Song Yang, Shoujun Liu, Kaixia Zhang, Tingting Jiao, and Ju Shangguan. "Study on Coupling Effect of Additives on NOx Control in Coal Pyrolysis-Combustion." E3S Web of Conferences 290 (2021): 03029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129003029.

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A large amount of nitrogen oxides produced by loose coal combustion has an important impact on the ecological environment. To solve this problem, it is proposed to prepare clean coke instead of loose coal combustion to reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides from civil coal combustion. Clean coke is prepared by pyrolysis raw coal adding additives, and the gas generated by pyrolysis is collected uniformly, thus avoiding the emission problem in the process of loose burning. In addition, the clean fuel catalyzes the reduction of nitrogen oxides to produce N2 in the combustion process, thus reducing the emission of combustion nitrogen oxides. In this paper, the additives were investigated, and finally it was found that loading 1 wt.% Fe and Ni had a better effect of decrease nitrogen content in coke through pyrolysis of coal and denitrification during the combustion of coke, and had a coupling effect on nitrogen oxide control in the pyrolysis-combustion process.

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12

Han, Hong Jing, Yan Guang Chen, Cong Hao Xie, Dan Dan Yuan, Ying Chen, and Bao Hui Wang. "Influence of La₂O₃ on NO_x Emission in Iron Ore Sintering." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 2594–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.2594.

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NOx emission in coke combustion with and without La2O3 was investigated in a fixed bed quartz reactor. The effects of La2O3 loading and lanthanum oxide particle size on NOx emission were discussed. NOx emission was also studied by sintering pot tests with lanthanum oxide modified coke as sintering fuel. The results showed that lanthanum oxide was catalytically active in promoting not only coke combustion but also NOx reduction. In coke combustion experiments, NOx and CO emission decreased with increasing lanthanum oxide loading up to 2.0wt% and decreasing lanthanum oxide particle size (28~150μm).

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13

Kou, Luyao, Junjing Tang, Tu Hu, Baocheng Zhou, and Li Yang. "Effect of KMnO4 on catalytic combustion performance of semi-coke." Green Processing and Synthesis 9, no. 1 (October 27, 2020): 559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2020-0057.

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AbstractThe effect of KMnO4 on the combustion characteristics and kinetic behavior of semi-coke was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. When 6 wt% KMnO4 was added, the ignition temperature of semi-coke was the lowest. The apparent activation energy of semi-coke with different addition amount of KMnO4 was calculated by Coats–Redfern integration method, the apparent activation energy of semi-coke during combustion reaction first decreased and then increased with increase in KMnO4. When 6 wt% KMnO4 is added, the apparent activation energy is minimal. The apparent activation energy of semi-coke with 2 wt% KMnO4 added at different conversion rates was calculated using Flynn–Wall–Ozawa integration method. The results show that the apparent activation energy of semi-coke combustion decreases with the increase of conversion.

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14

Liu, Hong Peng, Wei Yi Li, Xu Dong Wang, Hao Xu, Guan Yi Chen, and Qing Wang. "Study on Co-Combustion of Oil Shale Semi-Coke and Corn Stalk." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.103.

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Co-combustion experiment of oil shale semi-coke and corn stalk at different blend ratios was performed using thermogravimetric analyzer. The influence of different blend ratios has been studied. The combustion characteristics are obtained under the heating rates of 20oC/min and the experimental temperature range of 40-850oC. The combustion process of the blends is divided into three stages: low-temperature stage, transition stage and high-temperature stage. With the increasing of corn stalk in the blends, the reaction of combustion mainly shifts from high-temperature stage to low-temperature stage, and there is no obvious change for the ignition temperature, but the burn out temperature comes down. The combustion kinetics parameters of the blends were analyzed using Flynn-Wall-Ozawa model. The result shows that the activation energy of the volatile matter stage increases and the activation energy of semi-coke combustion stage decreases. The combustion characteristics of the oil shale semi-coke get improved significantly with the mixture of corn stalk.

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15

Sultanguzin, I. A. "Combustion of heating gases in coke battery." Coke and Chemistry 50, no. 3 (March 2007): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068364x07030039.

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16

Goldobin, Yu M. "Kinetics of combustion of polydispersed coke dust." Journal of Engineering Physics 50, no. 1 (January 1986): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00871420.

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17

Stanmore, B. R. "Modeling the combustion behavior of petroleum coke." Combustion and Flame 83, no. 3-4 (February 1991): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(91)90070-r.

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18

Martynova, A. Yu, O. S. Malysh, V. A. Saraeva, and I. N. Palval. "ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS OF COKE OVEN GAS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO EMISSIONS OF SULFUR DIOXIDE FROM THE SMOKESTACKS OF COKE BATTERIES." Journal of Coal Chemistry 6 (2020): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31081/1681-309x-2020-0-6-12-17.

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The article touches upon the problem of cleaning of the coke oven gas from sulfur compounds, which is relevant in connection with the requirements for reducing of the sulfur dioxide emissions into the atmosphere and ensuring of the environmental safety of production in general. At present, the sulfur dioxide emissions from coke-chemical plants account for about 20 % of the total emissions of pollutants from coke ovens and are calculated from the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in coke oven gas after its purification before feeding to coke oven batteries heating systems. However, in addition to hydrogen sulfide, coke oven gas also contains organosulfur compounds such as carbon disulfide (CS2), carbon oxysulfide (COS), thiophene (C4H4S), mercaptans, etc. The authors of the article carried out a study to determine the content of organic sulfur compounds in the original and purified coke oven gas, as well as the contribution of these substances to sulfur dioxide emissions from the smokestacs of coke oven batteries. The calculation has been performed of the additional volume of sulfur dioxide, which is formed due to the combustion of organosulfur compounds of coke oven gas during its combustion in the heating system of coke ovens. It has been found that under the condition of complete conversion of organic sulfur compounds into sulfur dioxide during the combustion of coke oven gas in the heating system of coke ovens, the concentration of sulfur dioxide in flue gases can be approximately 25.0-35.0 mg/m3 (in recount on 5 % oxygen content in flue gases). It has been also shown that the share of emissions of the sulfur dioxide formed as a result of the combustion of hydrogen sulfide in coke oven gas is 90-95 %, and that formed as a result of combustion of the organic sulfur compounds is 5-10 %, even if they are completely transformed into the sulfur dioxide. It has been concluded that it is legitimate to calculate the volume of sulfur dioxide emissions based on the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in purified coke oven gas, supplied as an energy carrier to the heating system of coke ovens.

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19

Lu, Wei Qun, Ding Ye Fang, and Zhi Yong Yang. "Study on Burnout and so₂Emission Characteristics during Co-Combustion of Petroleum Coke and Oil Shale in a Fluidized Bed." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 1547–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.1547.

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The effects of several factors, including fuel mixing ratio fed into boiler, bed temperature, primary air ratio, on burnout characteristics of mixed fuel of petroleum coke and oil shale were investigated at a 1 MW circulating fluidized bed (CFB) test apparatus at Xi’an Thermal Engineering Research Institute. Meantime, the effect of the fuel mixing ratio and Ca/S molar ratio on SO2 emission during co-combustion of petroleum coke and oil shale were studied. The results show that preferred mixing ratio of petroleum coke over oil shale is between 4:6 and 5:5, and primary air ratio is about 55% to accomplish favorable burnout of the mixed fuel. The combustion efficiency is higher than 97%. The increase in oil shale share in the mixture helps to improve the desulfurization efficiency during co-combustion. There is an optimum Ca/S molar ratio to achieve the highest desulfurization efficiency for co-firing the petroleum coke and oil shale. SO2 emission during co-combustion of petroleum coke and oil shale can meet the environmental requirement.

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20

Hou, C. G., S. Wu, G. L. Zhang, B. Su, and Z. G. Que. "Unreacted-core model applied on the NOx emission of coke combustion." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 40, no. 4 (January 19, 2018): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2014.957424.

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21

Wang, Chang’an, Qinqin Feng, Qiang Lv, Lin Zhao, Yongbo Du, Pengqian Wang, Jingwen Zhang, and Defu Che. "Numerical Investigation on Co-firing Characteristics of Semi-Coke and Lean Coal in a 600 MW Supercritical Wall-Fired Boiler." Applied Sciences 9, no. 5 (March 1, 2019): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9050889.

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Semi-coke is one of the principal by-products of coal pyrolysis and gasification, which features the disadvantages of ignition difficulty, low burnout rate, and high nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission during combustion process. Co-firing semi-coke with coal is a potential approach to achieve clean and efficient utilization of such low-volatile fuel. In this paper, the co-firing performance of semi-coke and lean coal in a 600 MW supercritical wall-fired boiler was numerically investigated which has been seldom done previously. The influences of semi-coke blending ratio, injection position of semi-coke, excess air ratio in the main combustion zone, the co-firing method, and over fire air (OFA) arrangement on the combustion efficiency and NOx generation characteristics of the utility boiler were extensively analyzed. The simulation results indicated that as the blending ratio of semi-coke increased, the NOx emission at furnace outlet decreased. The blending methods (in-furnace versus out-furnace) had certain impacts on the NOx emission and carbon content in fly ash, while the in-furnace blending method showed more flexibility in co-firing adjustment. The injection of semi-coke from the upper burners could significantly abate NOx emission at the furnace outlet, but also brought about the rise of carbon content in fly ash and the increase of outlet temperature. Compared with the condition that semi-coke and lean coal were injected from different burners, the burnout ratio of the blend premixed outside the furnace was higher at the same blending ratio of semi-coke. With the excess air ratio in the main combustion zone increased, NOx concentration at the furnace outlet was increased. The excess air ratio of 0.75 in the main combustion zone was recommended for co-firing 45% semi-coke with lean coal. The operational performance of the boiler co-firing semi-coke was greatly affected by the arrangement of OFA as well. The amount of NOx generated from the supercritical wall-fired boiler could be reduced with an increase of the OFA height.

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22

Ren, Li Xia, Hong Wei Lu, and Peng Du. "Numerical Simulation Research on Coal Combustion." Advanced Materials Research 742 (August 2013): 501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.742.501.

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The comparative study of numerical results on pulverized coal combustion process with CFD has become an important measure for direct engineering practice. In this paper, a combustion facility was simulated numerically with the Fluent code to investigate the process of coal combustion. Firstly, geometric models, grid and boundary type were established in the Gambit. Secondly, required models, physical properties and working conditions were chosen in the solver. Then, the important diagrams of each component displayed distinctly in the post professor. The simulation results showed that the rules of the volatile releasing and combustion processes of coke could provide important references to improve the combustion of the pulverized coal.

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23

Liu, Hong Peng, Xu Dong Wang, Chun Xia Jia, Wei Zhen Zhao, and Qing Wang. "Co-Combustion Characteristics of Oil Shale Semi-Coke and Corn Stalk." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.107.

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The combustion experiments of oil shale semi-coke and corn stalk mixtures were conducted using thermogravimetric analyzer. The results show that the advance ignition and burnout can be achieved when semi-coke is mixed with corn stalk. The influence of different blend ratios has been studied, and the combustion characteristics were obtained. Comprehensive combustion characteristics get improved with the increase of corn stalk proportion in the mixture. The interaction of mixture in the combustion process occurs mainly in 400-600oC. It can be explained that the combustion of fixed carbon in corn stalk is delayed. What is more, TG curves were simulated by Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation. The result shows the feasibility of using Weibull distribution to simulate the TG curves of co-combustion.

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24

Li, Qiu Yi, Ping Zhang, Song Gao, and Hui Du. "Experimental Research on Making Aerated Concrete by Petroleum Coke Desulfuration Residue." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.799.

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Petroleum coke desulfuration residue, from combustion desulfuration of high sulfur petroleum coke, presents drying powdery and a favorable cementing performance. Lime and gypsum are replaced by petroleum coke desulfuration residue to produce aerated concrete in this research. The experimental results indicate that products made of high-sulfur petroleum coke desulfuration residue satisfy the requirements in national code of autoclaved aerated concrete [1] (GB11968-2006) and has better performance than traditional lime aerated concrete products. Consequently, the application of high-sulfur petroleum coke desulfuration residue in aerated concrete broadens the resourcelized utilization of petroleum coke desulfuration residue, and solves the scarcity of building materials resources. It ought to have expansive application prospect because of remarkable economic, social, and environmental benefits.

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25

Mehta, S., and G. A. Karim. "An Experimental Investigation of the Transport and Combustion Processes Within Fractured Oil Sand Beds." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 114, no. 4 (December 1, 1992): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2905953.

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The behavior of fractured beds of light oil (37° API) sand cores when subjected to high-temperature, low-velocity vitiated air stream of the combustion products of near-lean flammability limit mixture of n-hexane and air are examined. The fractured cores were prepared synthetically so as to provide samples of controlled composition, porosity and permeability. They were tested in long cylindrical configurations which contained a small diameter/central axial passage representing a fracture. The combustion behavior of cores containing light oil tended to be erratic with more of the fuel burning in the fracture rather than in the core. The combustion was sustained mainly by the light fuel rather than the cokey deposits. The samples tested indicated poor oil recoveries accompanied by high amounts of coke residue.

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26

Chen, Yan Guang, Jia Lu, Hong Jing Han, Jin Lian Li, Jiao Jing Zhang, and Ting Ting Xu. "Influence of Iron Oxides on NO_x Emission in Coke Combustion." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 2586–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.2586.

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NOx emission in coke combustion with and without iron oxides were investigated in a fixed bed quartz reactor. Effects of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 loading on NOx emission were discussed. NOx emission was also studied by simulating test with recycling flue gas with Fe3O4 modified coke as fuel. The results showed that Fe3O4 was catalytically active in NOx reduction. In coke combustion experiments, NOx emission decreased with increasing Fe3O4 loading up to 2.0wt%, while simulation tests showed that NOx emission decreased by 19.84% with 2.0wt% Fe3O4 modified coke as fuel.

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27

Berna, Hascakir, Cynthia M. Ross, Louis M. Castanier, and Anthony R. Kovscek. "Fuel Formation and Conversion During In-Situ Combustion of Crude Oil." SPE Journal 18, no. 06 (November 28, 2013): 1217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/146867-pa.

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Summary In-situ combustion (ISC) is a successful method with great potential for thermal enhanced oil recovery. Field applications of ISC are limited, however, because the process is complex and not well-understood. A significant open question for ISC is the formation of coke or "fuel" in correct quantities that is sufficiently reactive to sustain combustion. We study ISC from a laboratory perspective in 1 m long combustion tubes that allow the monitoring of the progress of the combustion front by use of X-ray computed tomography (CT) and temperature profiles. Two crude oils—12°API (986 kg/m3) and 9°API (1007 kg/m3)—are studied. Cross-sectional images of oil movement and banking in situ are obtained through the appropriate analysis of the spatially and temporally varying CT numbers. Combustion-tube runs are quenched before front breakthrough at the production end, thereby permitting a post-mortem analysis of combustion products and, in particular, the fuel (coke and coke-like residues) just downstream of the combustion front. Fuel is analyzed with both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS and SEM results are used to identify the shape, texture, and elemental composition of fuel in the X-ray CT images. The SEM and XPS results aid efforts to differentiate among combustion-tube results with significant and negligible amounts of clay minerals. Initial results indicate that clays increase the surface area of fuel deposits formed, and this aids combustion. In addition, comparisons are made of coke-like residues formed during experiments under an inert nitrogen atmosphere and from in-situ combustion. Study results contribute to an improved mechanistic understanding of ISC, fuel formation, and the role of mineral substrates in either aiding or impeding combustion. CT imaging permits inference of the width and movement of the fuel zone in situ.

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Sharipov, A. A., Y. V. Vankov, K. G. Sadikov, and E. R. Saifullin. "The influence of catalysts on the combustion of petroleum coke in the stationary fluidized bed mode." E3S Web of Conferences 124 (2019): 05047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912405047.

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It is known that petroleum coke, a product of deep processing of oil, can be used as fuel in power boilers. The method of petroleum coke burning in a fluidized bed is the most optimal to complete its combustion. To improve the combustion characteristics of this fuel, we studied the influence of catalysts on the petroleum coke burning in the simulation mode of a stationary fluidized bed. The laboratory setup is described. The results of the experiments are given.

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29

Ogi, Hiroshi, Takayuki Maeda, Ko-ichiro Ohno, and Kazuya Kunitomo. "Effect of Coke Breeze Distribution on Coke Combustion Rate of the Quasi-particle." ISIJ International 55, no. 12 (2015): 2550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2015-089.

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30

Zha, Meiqin, Wei Xia, and Qiang Niu. "Gasification reactivity and combustion characteristics of semi-coke." Carbon Letters 29, no. 6 (September 12, 2019): 579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42823-019-00043-x.

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31

HOLMES CEGB, R., M. R. I. PURVIS, and P. J. STREET. "The Kinetics of Combustion of Oil Coke Particles." Combustion Science and Technology 70, no. 4-6 (April 1990): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00102209008951617.

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32

Davidy, Alon. "Multiphysics Design of Pet-Coke Burner and Hydrogen Production by Applying Methane Steam Reforming System." Clean Technologies 3, no. 1 (March 17, 2021): 260–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol3010015.

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Pet-coke (petroleum coke) is identified as a carbon-rich and black-colored solid. Despite the environmental risks posed by the exploitation of pet-coke, it is mostly applied as a boiling and combusting fuel in power generation, and cement production plants. It is considered as a promising replacement for coal power plants because of its higher heating value, carbon content, and low ash. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) computational model of methane steam reforming was developed in this research. The hydrogen production system is composed from a pet-coke burner and a catalyst bed reactor. The heat released, produced by the pet-coke combustion, was utilized for convective and radiative heating of the catalyst bed for maintaining the steam reforming reaction of methane into hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This computational algorithm is composed of three steps—simulation of pet-coke combustion by using fire dynamics simulator (FDS) software coupled with thermal structural analysis of the burner lining and a multiphysics computation of the methane steam reforming (MSR) process taking place inside the catalyst bed. The structural analysis of the burner lining was carried out by coupling the solutions of heat conduction equation, Darcy porous media steam flow equation, and structural mechanics equation. In order to validate the gaseous temperature and carbon monoxide mole fraction obtained by FDS calculation, a comparison was carried out with the literature results. The maximal temperature obtained from the combustion simulation was about 1440 °C. The calculated temperature is similar to the temperature reported, which is also close to 1400 °C. The maximal carbon dioxide mole fraction reading was 15.0%. COMSOL multi-physics software solves simultaneously the catalyst media fluid flow, heat, and mass with chemical reaction kinetics transport equations of the methane steam reforming catalyst bed reactor. The methane conversion is about 27%. The steam and the methane decay along the catalyst bed reactor at the same slope. Similar values have been reported in the literature for MSR temperature of 510 °C. The hydrogen mass fraction was increased by 98.4%.

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33

Park, Myung Ho, and Dae Yong Shin. "The Combustion Characteristics of Refuse Derived Fuels Using Coke/Waste Tire." Materials Science Forum 486-487 (June 2005): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.486-487.265.

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Today every nation faces serious problems of energy supply. Reasonable technologies to make use of coal (including coke) can not only help the mining-related economy which is showing a downward trend but also may fit in with the governmental energy policy. In this research, we aim to supply heating systems in factories, homes, and farms with a substitute fuel by developing coke/waste tire compound fuel with high efficiency for rational use of energy and for recycling of industrial products. A coke/waste boiler was used for this experiment, and different kinds of fuel were experimented including coke, waste tire, coke/waste A and coke/waste B. Four kinds of exhaust gas were also sampled by a gas analyzer, including CO, CO2, NO and NO2 at different temperatures.

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Wang, Qing, Xu Dong Wang, Hong Peng Liu, and Chun Xia Jia. "Co-Combustion Mechanism Analysis of Oil Shale Semi-Coke and Rice Straws Blends." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.45.

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In this work, a series of combustion experiments for oil shale semi-coke , rice straws as well as their mixture were conducted by the thermogravimetric analyzer at different heating rates (10, 20 and 50 K/min) under atmospheric pressure. Combustion characteristic curves and combustion characteristic parameters were acquired. The results showed that the combustion process of blends can be broadly separated into three stages: combustion of the volatile matter, combustion of fixed carbon and combustion of difficult decomposition substance. The point of ignition and burnout shifted to higher temperature with increasing the heating rates. Furthermore, kinetics parameters were analyzed in the second stage. The result showed feasibility of using the reaction model to solve the kinetic parameters of biomass combustion. Finally, the obtained DTG curves were separated by Gaussian Fitting method. The result showed that the derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) curve displays an overlapping peak consisted of three sub-peaks at 645–900K under heating rate of 20K/min.

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Liu, Jihui, Yaqiang Yuan, Junhong Zhang, Zhijun He, and Yaowei Yu. "Combustion Kinetics Characteristics of Solid Fuel in the Sintering Process." Processes 8, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8040475.

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In order to systematically elucidate the combustion performance of fuel during sintering, this paper explores the influence of three factors, namely coal substitution for coke, quasi-particle structure and the coupling effect with reduction and oxidation of iron oxide, on fuel combustion characteristics, and carries out the kinetic calculation of monomer blended fuel (MBF) and quasi-granular fuel (QPF). The results show that replacing coke powder with anthracite can accelerate the whole combustion process. MBF and QPF are more consistent with the combustion law of the double-parallel random pore model. Although the quasi-particle structure increases the apparent activation energy of fuel combustion, it can also produce a heat storage effect on fuel particles, improve their combustion performance, and reduce the adverse effect of diffusion on the reaction process. In the early stage of reaction, the coupling between combustion of volatiles and reduction of iron oxide is obvious. The oxidation of iron oxide will occur again when the combustion reaction of fuel is weakened.

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Chen, Yan Guang, Hong Jing Han, Jia Lu, Jin Lian Li, Ying Chen, and Bao Hui Wang. "NOx Reduction by In Situ Catalytic Reduction in the Combustion Process of Coke." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 2104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.2104.

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A new method, NOx reduction by in-situ catalytic effects of additives loaded in coke, was proposed. A series of coke samples with different loading amounts of CaCl2, Ce(SO4)2 and La2(SO4)3 were prepared by using the impregnation method, the rules of NOx and CO emissions in the combustion were investigated. The results show that CaCl2, Ce(SO4)2 and La2(SO4)3 play in-situ catalytic effects on the NOx reduction reactions. When the loading of CaCl2 is 4.0%, the amount of NOx emission is reduced by 13.9%. When the loading of Ce(SO4)2is 4.0%, the amount of NOx emission decreases by 17.2%. When the loading of La2(SO4)3 is 4.0%, the amount of NOx emission decreases by 8.7%. Ce(SO4)2 possesses the combustion-supporting effect. As 4.0% Ce(SO4)2 in coke, the CO emission is reduced by 26%, which improves the combustion efficiency of coke.

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Liu, Shoujun, Ju Shangguan, Song Yang, Wenguang Du, Xudong Yan, and Kaixia Zhang. "Producing Effective and Clean Coke for Household Combustion Activities to Reduce Gaseous Pollutant Emissions." Journal of Chemistry 2019 (November 13, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7142804.

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Nowadays, the gaseous pollutant emissions, including particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxide (NOx) from household coal combustion, cause great threat to environment and public health by contributing to severe haze in China. Particularly, a clean coke free of the major pollutants precursors (sulfur and nitrogen compounds) by sulfur fixation and denitrification has been deemed as an effective strategy to reducing pollutants. In this paper, a preprocessed coke was prepared by co-pyrolysis of high-sulfur coal with the assistance of calcium-based and iron-based complexes at high temperature. The results show that high-temperature co-pyrolysis could remove the volatile compounds that are major precursors for the formation of gaseous pollutants from the raw coal. During the coking process, the sulfur can be removed by being fixed in the form of CaS in presence of a Ca-based complex, which could be beneficial for the CaSO4 during the coke combustion. The volatile nitrogen is transferred to the gas phase with the addition of Fe-based complexes, which effectively reduce the residual nitrogen in coke. As a result, Ca-based additives captured the released SO2 and formed CaSO4 during the combustion process. In addition, in the presence of Fe-based complexes, both char and CO react with NOx to form N2, which leads to a reduction in NOx emissions during combustion. Additionally, the replacement of current residential coal with a new type of clean coke is a facile method for reducing gaseous pollutant emissions from household activities to protect the atmospheric environment. The average emission factors (EFs) of PM, SO2, and NOx for the prepared clean coke were small during combustion and were much lower than the EFs of the tested raw coal, semicoke, and briquettes.

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KASAI, Eiki, Shengli WU, Takeshi SUGIYAMA, Shinichi INABA, and Yasuo OMORI. "Combustion Rate and NO Emission during Combustion of Coke Granules in Packed Beds." Tetsu-to-Hagane 78, no. 7 (1992): 1005–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.78.7_1005.

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Hu, Zhongjie, Heng Zhou, Weili Zhang, and Shengli Wu. "The Influence of the Porous Structure of Activated Coke for the Treatment of Gases from Coal Combustion on Its Mechanical Strength." Processes 8, no. 8 (July 28, 2020): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8080900.

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This study investigated influences of the open/close states of pores and porosity distribution of activated coke on the mechanical strength of common activated coke for the purification of coal-fired flue gas by analyzing pore structure, abrasive resistance, and compression strengths of 9 types of desulfurization and denitration activated cokes. Research conclusions are conducive to disclosing the influences of porosity characteristics of activated coke for the purification of coal-fired flue gas on mechanical strength, decreasing the physical consumption of activated coke in the recycling of flue gas purification systems, and lowering the purification cost of coal-fired flue gas. According to research results, pores in the ranges of 0–2 nm and 2–500 nm of activated coke are further developed after recycling using the coal-fired flue gas purification system, and the average compression strength of activated coke is about 70% of the added fresh activated coke. However, the abrasive resistance of the recycled activated coke which has a smooth surface is higher than that of the fresh activated coke. Open pores are the main cause of reduced compression strength of activated coke. Open pores in the range of 2–500 nm can destroy the compression strength of activated coke the most. The open/close states of pores cause no significant impacts on the abrasive resistance of activated coke, but pores with diameters ranging from 0–2 nm can destroy the abrasive resistance of activated coke most significantly.

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Shvydkii, V. S., S. P. Kudelin, I. A. Gurin, and V. Yu Noskov. "Development of information modeling system of coal-dust fuel injection into tuyeres of blast furnace." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, no. 12 (January 15, 2020): 979–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-12-979-986.

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The article considers a mathematical model of combustion zone of blast furnace working with the use of injection of coal-dust fuel. In this model, two subsystems were identified: 1) subsystem of heating the particles of coal dust and volatiles release in the combustion zone; 2) subsystem of heat exchange and combustion processes in the tuyere. A two-dimensional velocity field of gas in the combustion zone was investigated. The combustion processes are considered as a set of simultaneously developing phenomena of coke burning in a layer, single pieces of coke and particles of coal dust. The model includes following equations: total gas mass balance, gas component mass balance, gas heat balance, movement of coal dust particles and heat balance of coal dust particles. The model calculates maximum burning temperature in combustion zone; the distance from the cut of the tuyere to the focus of combustion; the length of the oxygen combustion zone; gas temperature; the content of gas phase components and the degree of carbon burnout of pulverized coal at the outlet of the tuyere combustion zone. Information-modeling system has been developed. It allows investigation of influence of combined blast characteristics, the properties of coke and coal-dust fuel, the geometric dimensions of tuyeres and other factors on temperature fields and concentrations of components of gas phase in combustion zone. The model also helps to select a rational mode of pulverized coal that will ensure completeness of its combustion in the tuyere combustion zone. Main functions of the program are as follows: representation of results of calculation in form of tables and diagrams, storage of options of basic data in a database and export of results of calculation to Microsoft Excel. Conclusions were made on reduction of combustion temperature in combustion zone and the approach of focus of combustion to the tuyere when pulverized coal was injected. The authors also have established the need to use coals with certain quality characteristics and place where coal dust was introduced into the blast stream.

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Han, Juntao, Guofeng Lou, Sizong Zhang, Zhi Wen, Xunliang Liu, and Jiada Liu. "The Effects of Coke Parameters and Circulating Flue Gas Characteristics on NOx Emission during Flue Gas Recirculation Sintering Process." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 10, 2019): 3828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203828.

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The new process of flue gas recirculation, which reduces coke consumption and reducing NOx emissions, is now extensively used. Compared with traditional sintering, the characteristics of circulating flue gas and coke parameters significantly affect the combustion atmosphere and coke combustion efficiency. Based on the actual complex process of sintering machine, this study proposes a relatively comprehensive one-dimensional, unsteady mathematical model for flue gas recirculation research. The model encompasses NOx pollutant generation and reduction, as well as SO2 generation and adsorption. We focus on the effects of cyclic flue gas characteristics on the sintering-bed temperature and NOx emissions, which are rarely studied, and provide a theoretical basis for NOx emission reduction. Simulation results show that during sintering, the fuel NOx is reduced by 50% and 10% when passing through the surface of coke particles and CO, respectively. During flue gas recirculation sintering, the increase in circulating gas O2 content, temperature, and supply-gas volume cause increased combustion efficiency of coke, reducing atmosphere, and NOx content in the circulating area; the temperature of the material layer also increases significantly and the sintering endpoint advances. During cyclic sintering, the small coke size and increased coke content increase the char-N release rate while promoting sufficient contact of NOx with the coke surface. Consequently, the NOx reduction rate increases. Compared with the conventional sintering, the designed flue gas recirculation condition saves 3.75% of coke consumption, i.e., for 1.2 kg of solid fuel per ton of sinter, the amount of flue gas treatment is reduced by 21.64% and NOx emissions is reduced by 23.59%. Moreover, without changing the existing sintering equipment, sintering capacity increases by about 5.56%.

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Su, Gui Qiu, Jian Yang, and Hong Bo Lu. "Experimental Study on Combustion Characteristics of Three Biomass Components." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.309.

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Experiments on combustion characteristics of cellulose, xylan and lignin have been done conducted on Pyris1 TGA thermograyimetric analyzer (PE/USA) at different heating rates. The results show that: combustion of cellulose was mainly concentrated in a low temperature range, xylan has two obvious weight loss peaks, while the lignin combustion mainly concentrated in a high temperature coke combustion process.

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Larionov, Kirill, Konstantin Slyusarskiy, Svyatoslav Tsibulskiy, Anton Tolokolnikov, Ilya Mishakov, Yury Bauman, Aleksey Vedyagin, and Alexander Gromov. "Effect of Cu(NO3)2 and Cu(CH3COO)2 Activating Additives on Combustion Characteristics of Anthracite and Its Semi-Coke." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 5926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13225926.

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The process of anthracite and its semi-coke combustion in the presence of 5 wt.% (in terms of dry salt) additives of copper salts Cu(NO3)2 and Cu(CH3COO)2 was studied. The activating additives were introduced by an incipient wetness procedure. The ignition and combustion parameters for coal samples were examined in the combustion chamber at the heating medium temperatures (Tg) of 600–800 °C. The composition of the gaseous combustion products was controlled using an on-line gas analyzer. The fuel modification with copper salts was found to reduce the ignition delay time on average, along with a drop in the minimum ignition temperature Tmin by 138–277 °C. With an increase in Tg temperature, a significant reduction in the ignition delay time for the anthracite and semi-coke samples (by a factor of 6.7) was observed. The maximum difference in the ignition delay time between the original and modified samples of anthracite (ΔTi = 5.5 s) and semi-coke (ΔTi = 5.4 s) was recorded at a Tg temperature of 600 °C in the case of Cu(CH3COO)2. The emergence of micro-explosions was detected at an early stage of combustion via high-speed video imaging for samples modified by copper acetate. According to the on-line gas analysis data, the addition of copper salts permits one to reduce the volume of CO formed by 40% on average, providing complete oxidation of the fuel to CO2. It was shown that the introduction of additives promoted the reduction in the NOx emissions during the combustion of the anthracite and semi-coke samples.

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Hu, Chang Sheng, Yun Bo Wang, Ping Wang, and Jian Quan Bi. "Prediction of the Flow, Reaction and Heat Transfer for Glass Furnace Firing Petroleum Coke." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 3090–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.3090.

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In this paper, the mathematical models of gas dynamics, combustion and heat transfer and dispersed phase were established for the glass furnace combustion space, according to the practical glass furnace and operation condition, the computer simulation of the glass furnace was made; the simulation results coincided with the facts. On the base the influence of particle size of petroleum coke and oxygen-enriched combustion on the furnace combustion has been simulated.

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Yang, Shuang Ping, Jie Dong, and Miao Wang. "Experiment on Combustion-Supporting Agent on PCI for Combustibility of Coal Powder." Materials Science Forum 658 (July 2010): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.658.248.

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In order to improve the combustion effects of pulverized coal and replacement ratio of coals, the combustion- supporting mechanism, development and applications are analyzed and industry experiment are carried out based on the research of combustion- supporting agent without alkalis on coals combustion with TG- DTG- DSC ways. The results show that there is an optimum addition percent for coals combustion with combustion- supporting agent. The coal ratio and coke ratio are improved obviously with 1.7%combustion- supporting agent in LongGang.

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Du, Yongbo, Chang’an Wang, Pengqian Wang, Yi Meng, Zhichao Wang, Wei Yao, and Defu Che. "Computational fluid dynamics investigation on the effect of co-firing semi-coke and bituminous coal in a 300 MW tangentially fired boiler." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 233, no. 2 (June 22, 2018): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650918783923.

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In this paper, the effect of co-firing semi-coke in a 300 MW tangentially fired boiler was numerically investigated. The results indicate that the incomplete combustion heat loss and NO x emission both increase with semi-coke co-fired ratio. Semi-coke may be injected into the furnace at a different height, which can lead to different thermal efficiency and NO x emission. It is suggested that semi-coke should not be fed from the top or bottom layer burners, since this could give rise to high carbon content respectively in fly ash and bottom slag. In addition, injecting semi-coke from the top burners could significantly increase the NO x emission. Under 1/2 co-firing ratio, the optimal fuel allocation is that feeding semi-coke from the B, D, and E layer burners. The growth in semi-coke particle size could increase the unburned carbon loss and NO x emission. It is highly recommended to reduce the unburned carbon loss under semi-coke co-fired condition by increasing the stoichiometric ratio of primary air for semi-coke. As it is increased from 0.25 to 0.3, the combustion efficiency of the co-fired condition is 99.47%, the same as when only firing bituminous coal, and the NO x emission is about 30% higher.

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Lei, Qi, and Fengmei Guo. "Assessment of Coke Oven Operating State Using Trend Analysis and Information Entropy." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 24, no. 2 (March 20, 2020): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2020.p0221.

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In the combustion process of a coke oven, it is crucial to evaluate the operating state to ensure control performance for the stabilization of the coke oven temperature. This paper presents an assessment method for a coke oven operating state based on the analysis of the mechanism. A coke oven, which is an integrator, is categorized into serial subsystems, which include two coking chambers and one combustion chamber. First, the raw gas temperature of every coking chamber is extracted online and is combined with the qualitative trend analysis that yields the feature point of the raw gas temperature. Subsequently, fuzzy method is presented to describe the uncertainty and evaluate the heat level of each subsystem. Finally, a comprehensive assessment of the operating state of the coke oven is performed by combining the weighted contribution of all subsystems, which is expressed by information entropy. Simulations and experiments demonstrate the validity of the method.

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Matyukhin, V. I., S. Ya Zhuravlev, and A. V. Khandoshka. "Particular Oxydation Features of Various Mechanical Strength Cokes." Materials Science Forum 946 (February 2019): 486–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.486.

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Lump solid fuel is one of the most important charge material components in layered cupola units. It determines layer gas permeability, conditions development for heat exchange with gasses in it, heat generation process rate and intensity. In present-day conditions of material shaft melting charge materials of boosted fractional makeup are used, as well as oxygen, carbon and hydrogen enriched air. In the circumstances the issue of ensuring the best gas dynamic conditions become particularly vital, both for the furnace low and high temperature zones, at the charge component oxidation and recovery processes development. Under conditions of continuous charge component movement in the layered unit workspace they are subjected to abrasive action of charge components with the result, which may be described by mechanical properties based on mass yield of certain fractions after disruption in a closed drum М10 and М40. Coke lump behavior at relatively high temperature (below 1100°С) in the presence of complete fuel combustion products СО2 and Н2О may be implicitly evaluated by coke strength after reaction (CSR) and coke reactivity index (CRI). When studying, particular combustion features of coal coke in conditions close to shaft cupola unit operation data of the total differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve were used. Temperature ranges of intensive heat generation were determined from the beginning of active coke sample oxidation to completion of the burnout period, as well as apparent heating capacity and coke combustion thermal effect.

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Li, Gong Fa, Yuan He, Guo Zhang Jiang, Jian Yi Kong, and Liang Xi Xie. "Research on the Air-Fuel Ratio Intelligent Control Method for Coke Oven Combustion Energy Saving." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 2873–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.2873.

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Coke combustion process, the constant proportion of the combustion air-fuel ratio control results in low combustion efficiency and fault-prone, difficult to adapt to changes in complex working conditions. Application of intelligent technology of case-based reasoning, fuzzy control, proposed for intelligent energy saving air-fuel ratio control method. Based on current trends in working conditions and combustion process in case of failure, predict the typical faults with case-based reasoning technology to the combustion process. On this basis, through case-based reasoning algorithm realize the real-time air-fuel ratio correction. Based on fuzzy-PID temperature cascade control we can obtain the appropriate flue gas flow and flue suction and realize the stability of the combustion process to achieve optimal control.

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Ueki, Yasuaki, Koki Teshima, Ryo Yoshiie, and Ichiro Naruse. "Ash Particle Behaviors during Combustion and Gasification of Coke." ISIJ International 60, no. 7 (July 15, 2020): 1427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2019-692.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Coke – Combustion'

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