Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Coke – Propriétés mécaniques – Modèles mathématiques'
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Majidi, Behzad. "Discrete Element Method Applied To The Vibration Process Of Coke Particles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29386/29386.pdf.
Full textPhysical, mechanical and chemical properties of raw materials have considerable effects on quality of carbon anodes for aluminium smelting process. The present work attempts to investigate the feasibility of application of Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations in anode production technology. Effects of coke particles shape and size distribution on vibrated bulk density (VBD) of dry coke samples are studied. Coke particles are digitized using two-dimensional and three-dimensional imaging techniques and real-shape particles are used in DEM models of VBD test in Particle Flow Code (PFC). Internal friction coefficient of coke particles were estimated by means of angle of repose tests. Results showed that, as expected, VBD of coke samples is affected by shape and size distribution of the particles. Two-dimensional simulations confirmed that in general, mixed-sized samples have higher VBD than mono-sized cokes and as the fraction of coarse particles increases vibrated bulk density increases. However, existence of 10 wt.% of fine particles to fill the pores between coarse particles is essential. For 3D simulations also, the model follows the trend of experimental data showing that in the container of 2.9 mm diameter, as the content of -4+6 mesh (3.36-4.76 mm) particles increase, VBD increases. It can be concluded that a well-tailored DEM model is capable of predicting the particle rearrangement and density evolution during the vibration process.
Shao, Jianfu. "Etude du comportement d'une craie blanche très poreuse et modélisation." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10125.
Full textTchamba, Jean Claude. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale du comportement des matériaux cimentaires au jeune âge : pression, rhéologie et perméabilité." Lorient, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LORIS112.
Full textThe advent of the Self Compacting Concretes brought important evolutions in the sectors of building behaviour of materials with cementing matrix in a fresh state in particular self compacting concrete. The objective is to follow the evolution of the constraints of structuring and the intrinsic parameters (particularly the threshold of shearing) of these materials, before, during and after the implementation. Experiments of pore water pressures coupled with rheology were carried out on pastes cement and concretes at constant temperature 20° C. The studied mixtures were manufactured with same cement. The approach among other things consists in crossing the results obtained using a casing column, of a rheometer of laboratory for better determining the behaviour of materials tested. A first trial run made it possible to be interested in the problems of recoveries of shear stresses the walls using three devices to determine the constraints of structuring. A test on the column making it possible to measure the pore water pressure and the vertical pressure is carried out. Moreover, one study relating to the constraints with the interfaces was undertaken while being based on the evolution of the apparent mass of a plate immersed in studied materials. Lastly, the dimensional checks of endogenous withdrawal were carried out in parallel with the tests on the column. In the second time, a rotary rheometer, with Vane geometry coupled to interstitial pressure pick-ups was developed to describe the rheological characteristics of these materials. The aim is to follow the evolution of the flow property of material. In this context, the evaluation of the intrinsic parameters according to the model of Bingham was carried out. The results show the influence of the parameters of the composition on the rheological properties. Lastly, because of our interrogation on the evolution of the properties of transfer when the fresh material is at rest, an experimental campaign aiming at characterizing the permeability of a cement paste fresh by device of test oedometric and filtration is presented. We thus precisely measure compressing of material under load in conditions draining as well as the evolution of the permeabilities during the maturation of a cement paste
Chakravarty, Somik. "Mechanical properties of cohesionless and cohesive bulk solids : transition from non-cohesive to cohesive powders." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2423.
Full textHandling and processing of granular material release fine solid dust particles, which in an occupational setting, can severely affect worker health & safety and the overall plant operation. Dustiness or the ability of a material to release dust particles depends on several material and process parameters and is usually measured by lab-scale dustiness testers. Dustiness tests remain mostly experimental studies and lack reliable predictive ability due to limited understanding of the dust generation mechanisms and the complex interactions between the particles, wall and fluid, occurring simultaneously during dust generation. In the framework of EU ITN project T-MAPPP, this thesis uses an experimental approach to understand the dust generation mechanisms by studying: a) the effects of key bulk and particle properties on powder dustiness; b) the nature and magnitude of inter-particle, particle-wall and particle-fluid interactions; c) the evolution of dustiness and generation mechanisms for long duration powder applications. The results indicate that the dust generation mechanisms differ based on particle size and size distribution of the powder. For the given test samples and experimental conditions, the differences in powder dustiness and dust emission patterns can be characterized by three different groups of powders; powders containing fine cohesive particles, bi-modal (consisting of fine and large particles) powders and lastly, powders consisting of only large particles. While bulk cohesion, especially that stemming from van der Waals forces (measured using shear testers) determines the level of dustiness for the fine powders (in such a way that higher bulk cohesion leads to lower dustiness), both the fraction of fine particles and cohesion determine the dustiness of bi-modal powders. The large particles can emit dust only through attrition of the primary particles into smaller aerosolizable fine particles. Analysis of a traced particle motion inside a cylindrical tube agitated by a vortex shaker dustiness tester shows the cyclic nature of the particle motion. The motion (position and velocity) is symmetric and isotropic in the horizontal plane with lowest radial velocities close to the tube centre and highest at the boundary wall of the test tube. The particles tend to rise up slowly in the middle of the tube while descending rapidly close to the wall. The highest values of the velocity are found at the highest heights and close to the wall of the test tube, where the population densities are lowest. Increasing particle size and vortex rotation speeds tends to increase particle velocity whereas increase in powder mass leads to a decrease in particle velocity for rotation speeds up to 1500 rpm. For the given samples (silicon carbide, alumina and acetylene coke) and the experimental conditions, the initial dustiness is determined by the fraction of fine respirable particles present in the powder but the long-term dust generation patterns and levels are influenced by the material attrition behaviour. Dust is generated by the fragmentation and/or abrasion of primary particles, which may lead to the production and emission of fine daughter particles as dust. The samples with large irregularly shaped particles are likely to show high dustiness by shedding angular corners through inter-particle and particle-wall collisions, thus becoming more spherical in shape. On the contrary, the smaller particles are more resistant to abrasion and generate relatively less dust. While the vortex shaker dustiness tests show similar trends as an attrition tester, our study using alumina and acetylene coke indicate that the results are not interchangeable. Results from this thesis help understand the influence of powder and process parameters which may be manipulated to reduce dust generation. Furthermore, experimental results can be used to develop and validate numerical models to predict dustiness
Limam, Fouad. "Contribution à l'analyse rhéologique du comportement viscoélastoplastique cyclique." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECDL0016.
Full textMossi, Idrissa Abdoul Kader. "Modeling and simulation of the mechanical behavior under finite strains of filled elastomers as function of their microstructure." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6042.
Full textFilled elastomers and thermoplastics elastomers are heterogeneous materials. They have interesting mechanical properties for many applications but their mechanical behavior is more complex than unfilled elastomers. In order to understand filled elastomers and thermoplastics elastomers macro scale behavior, it is important to find their behavior explanation at materials micro scale level. Then, we can deduce models which approach materials microstructure and also explains easy the macro scale behavior. For that, the aim of this thesis is to model and simulate the mechanical behavior of filled elastomers and thermoplastic elastomers like thermoplastic polyurethane by tacking into account their microstructure
Preechawuttipong, Itthichai. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique de matériaux granulaires cohésifs." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20033.
Full textGünzel, Klaus. "Caractérisation mécanique multidirectionnelle de la colonne cervicale humaine." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/GUNZEL_Klaus_2009.pdf.
Full textIn spite of the advances in the domain of passive vehicle safety the low AIS neck injuries due to car accidents related to rear, lateral and oblique impacts remain an important problem of vehicle safety. Mathematical and physical models of the human head-neck system that are validated inadequately relating to human kinematics make it difficult to optimize passive safety systems. Up to now dummies are validated against corridors in the cime domain. It is not possible to characterise a multi-degree of freedom model by only regarding its cime response. So in the frame of the present the sis we analysed the head-neck system of adult and child in the frequency domain with original methods based on modal analysis techniques. A fust part is a multidirectional in-vivo experimental input-output modal analysis of the head-neck system of ten adults carried out in the sagittal, the frontal and the transverse plane. For the fust cime five natural modes have been identified outgoing from frequency response functions. These are the flexion-extension mode, the inclination mode, the rotation mode coupled the inclination mode, the frontal retraction mode and the lateral retraction mode. A 5-DOF lumped model of the head-neck system featuring two univers al joints has been proposed and validated against experimental data. Mechanical parameters for joint stiffness and damping have been identified. An output only modal analysis has been performed on the child's head-neck system. Vibration data has been acquired during rides on a rollercoaster in an amusement park. This analysis permitted to extract five modes. These are similar to the modes that have been identified for adults. To our knowledge this is the fust output only modal analysis that has been performed on humans. And it is the first time that modal parameters of the child's head-neck ~ystem have been identified. As a general conclusion it can be stated that this thesis contributes to a better understanding of the 3D dynamic behaviour of the human cervical spine. New validation parameters appropriated for mathematical and experimental models have been established
Zaittouni, Fouad. "Modélisation théorique et numérique d'interfaces : Prise en compte du contact et du frottement." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20076.
Full textRandrembason, Vero. "Biocomposites amidon-cellulose : Elaboration, caractérisation et modélisation du comportement viscoélastique." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20009.
Full textSaint-Germain, Benoît. "Etude expérimentale et numérique des distorsions de structures mécano-soudées." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ECAP1000.
Full textThe objective of the present thesis is to provide a method and tools that permit to simulate welding distortions in large structures efficiently. The first part of the thesis deals with the modelling of material behaviour. A metallurgical model is proposed. The main advantage of this model is that it provides parameters which can be directly determined on TTT or CCT diagrams and thus easily applied to other materials and applications. Regarding mechanical behaviour, we suggest a simplified approach which enables the user to utilize different hardening laws or flow rules for each metallurgical phase. The second part deals with the modelling and simulation of the welding process in different true-scale components. All the techniques that allow to simulate the welding process, and more particularly dynamic activation of fillet elements and dynamic coupling of parts are presented. Thanks to these techniques, the prediction of distortions in a laboratory sample and a semi-industrial structure is made possible. A sensitivity study on the numerical model enables one to identify the most relevant factors that affect the model's response to distortions. Finally, this global approach is validated by the simulation of the automotive vehicle axle assembly
Bardet, Sandrine. "Comportement thermoviscoélastique transverse du bois humide : application à une essence tropicale dense : Bocoa Prouacensis Aubl." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20195.
Full textAleksy, Nicolas. "Etude du comportement mécanique des polymères en rayure." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EMSE0020.
Full textThe objective of the study is to develop a numerical model which describes the behaviour of amorphous glassy polymers submitted to a mechanical scratch test under ploughing and spherical conditions. After experimental validation, the model is used to simulate the scratch test conditions and clarify the interpretation of phenomena which occur during the mechanical process. First, a review of scratch tests applied to solid amorphous polymers is given and introduces the study and shows the sensitivity of the strain recovery to different classical stress/strain relations. It is shown that the elastic-viscoplastic model of Arruda and Boyce can account for the sensitivity of the yield stress to the strain rate only. However, when some viscoelastic behaviour is introduced, significant changes of the characteristic values of the scratch test can be obtained. Experimental nano-scratch tests carried out on PMMA (polymethylmetacrylate) samples confirm that this material may display time-dependent mechanical effect. The elastic-viscoplastic model of Arruda and Boyce is proved not to be sufficient to model the relationship between the scratching velocity and the experimental penetration depth. In that particular case, a viscoelastic-viscoplastic model seems to lead to a reliable solution. Finally, it is shown that an increase of the temperature can occur close to the tip in a scratch test. This thermal effect introduces some modifications of the behaviour of the PMMA in scratch test directly proportional to the scratch velocity. The healing phenomenon of the amorphous polymers, which is based on a heating of the sample in order to reduce the residual deformation, can be regarded as a viscoelastic thermally activated recovery and a hyperelastic hardening of the material
Huon, Vincent. "Une étude expérimentale et une première modélisation du comportement thermomécanique endommageable de quelques bétons." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20045.
Full textMaxim, Adrian. "Macromodélisation SPICE comportementale des dispositifs semi-conducteurs et composants magnétique de puissance." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT048H.
Full textOualkacha, Karim. "Modèles statistiques pour des rotations et des déplacements de corps solides." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26681/26681.pdf.
Full textZdiri, Mustapha. "Etude de formulation et de comportement mécanique des Bétons Compactés au Rouleau (BCR) : Applications routières - Cas des matériaux de gisements locaux." Artois, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ARTO0202.
Full textThis research work presents a study of the Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) for an application in road engineering. The RCC was prepared using materials of local quarries with the specificity of a low cement proportioning. The study dealt with the formulation problem through graphics, semi-empirical methods and the Compressible Packing Model “CPM”. We introduced also, into this work, the use of the special aggregates type Siderite and the addition of the admixtures in the formulation of the RCC. The rheology of the fresh RCC and the sensitivity of this mixture to the compaction phenomenon were studied by proposing a new approach, based on Compactability, for the prediction of this material rheology. The characterization of the hardened RCC was carried out by experimental measurements of strengths and elastic modules E as well as ultrasonic tests. The experimental results were compared with those obtained by predictions through models like those of Feret-De Larrard-Tondat, ACI, Ouellet and Oluokun. Some models were considered to be reliable for the formulation and the predictions of the RCC strengths. However, we proposed others models which were adapted to this mixture and their components. A 3D modelling of a rigid RCC pavement, using the computer code of finite elements "Abaqus 6. 7" was achieved by introducing to this code the behaviour law corresponding to this material. This modelling was made for several cases of loadings on RCC slabs. A convergence was deduced between the results obtained, of the distribution in 3D of the stresses and of the deformations in the RCC slabs and those obtained by the other 2D methods such as that of Westergaard, of Ioannides et al
Taibi, El Hassane. "Caractérisation, modélisation et simulation du comportement d'un tissu textile." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12441.
Full textNi, Annaidh Aisling. "Mécanique du coup de couteau : étude numérique et expérimentale de l'attaque à l'arme blanche." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066261.
Full textVauttier, Sylvain. "Une étude de la modélisation du comportement des objets composites." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20188.
Full textHuang, Ke. "Towards the modelling of recrystallization phenomena in multi-pass conditions: application to 304L steel." Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00682138.
Full textRecrystallization, which can occur dynamically or statically, is an important phenomenon causing microstructure changes in deformed metals and therefore affecting the properties of the material. Even though extensive investigations have been carried out on the numerical modeling of recrystallization, the literature lacks accurate recrystallization models which are able to predict microstructure evolution under multi-pass conditions. Although some efforts have been reported in this direction, most of them either lack experimental validation or only provide qualitative agreement in selected deformation conditions. The connections between static recrystallization (SRX), dynamic recrystallization (DRX), post-dynamic recrystallization (PDRX) and grain growth (GG) are usually oversimplified. Furthermore, most of them are not designed for variable thermal and/or mechanical conditions and are therefore difficult to use for industrial applications. In this work a physically-based two-site mean field model has been developed to describe the microstructural evolution of 304L austenitic stainless steels. The originality of the model lies in: (a) the interaction of each representative grain with two homogeneous equivalent media, with high and low dislocation density, respectively; (b) the relative weight of the two media is functionally related to their volume fractions; (c) nucleation and disappearance of grains make the data structure variable in time; (d) the model parameters vary with temperature and strain rate but do not depend on grain size in DRX conditions, and become only temperature dependent in static conditions (SRX/PDRX/GG); (e) quantitative agreement with experimental results is obtained in terms of (i) recrystallization kinetics, (ii) stress-strain curves, (iii) recrystallized grain size, and (f) it is designed to be used in multi-pass conditions, with variable temperature and strain rate. To verify and validate the model, torsion tests were conducted over a wide range of conditions for investigation of DRX. Subsequent annealing after termination of deformation, which led to SRX or PDRX depending on the applied strain, was also carried out. The model parameters were first estimated from experimental and literature data, and were further tuned by inverse analysis. It is found that all identified model parameters evolve with temperature and strain rate in a physically consistent way. The application of this proposed model to DRX, SRX/PDRX/GG is then analyzed, taking into account the effects of deformation temperature, strain rate, applied strain, as well as initial grain size. Good quantitative agreements with measured data are obtained in the different recrystallization regimes, which opens the possibility of modeling multi-pass operations compatible with industrial applications. A few in situ heating experiments were carried out to provide a better understanding of the SRX/PDRX/GG mechanisms. The role of annealing twins is tentatively discussed: it seems to promote both nucleation and grain boundary migration
Hizoum, Kamel. "Sur la modélisation du comportement viscoélastique des polymères : Influence de la vitesse de déformation et microstructure." Strasbourg 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13164.
Full textEscoffier, Sandra. "Caractérisation expérimentale du comportement hydromécanique des argilites de Meuse/Haute-Marne." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL018N.
Full textClementin, de Leusse Catherine. "Etude de fibres de verre E. Caractérisation expérimentale par spectrométrie Brillouin et test de modèles de fibrage." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20083.
Full textKhelifi, Hamid. "Matériaux argileux stabilisés au ciment et renforcés de fibres végétales : formulation pour extrusion." Lorient, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORIS277.
Full textThe main aim of this thesis was to contribute to the study of the extrusion of cement-clay paste and the valorization of local materials in order to produce extruded building bricks. To do this, extrudable cement-stabilized argillaceous materials (kaolin) have been designed. These mix designs comply with actual requirements concerning environmental impacts (use of a significant proportion of clay) and they may be used as building materials. Bio-based fibers (flax fibers) have been incorporated. As for any other type of inclusions, flax fibers modify the rheological behavior of material at fresh state. Furthermore, their hydrophilic character amplifies the changes and has required a specific study. The mechanical perform-ances of the tested mix design and the positive effect of extrusion process as well as the addi-tion of fiber have been characterized. Such as for concrete, the Féret relationship is shown to be able to predict the compressive strength assuming that kaolin acts as a high water demand aggregate. A model for stiff paste ram extrusion incorporating the filtration phenomenon and the frictional behavior of the granular packing has been developed. This model is based on the soil mechanics approach and is able to predict the transition between pure plastic behavior and frictional plastic behavior. Finally, the mechanical and thermal performances of the cho-sen eco-friendly mix designs have been compared to those of traditional building products (concrete blocks, concrete, clay bricks, AAC. . . ). Environmental impacts of these mix design have also been evaluated and compared. It appears from this study that the extrudable cement-stabilized argillaceous materials comply with legislations concerning environmental impacts thermal comfort. They are also able to present an alternative to actual building products
Troadec, Hervé. "Texture locale et plasticité des matériaux granulaires." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20119.
Full textQuittau, François. "Vers un comportement de synthèse de particules cohésives par une approche de nanomécanique." Toulouse, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAT0035.
Full textVauboin, Christophe. "Analyse et controle de la thermomaturation du béton." Perpignan, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PERP0188.
Full textAhmiedi, El Hadj. "Etude de la propagation des fissures en milieu viscoélastique : applications aux enrobés bitumeux." Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0035.
Full textTourette, Eric. "Etude mécanique et physico-chimique du contact rouleau - papier lors du calandrage." Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://pastel.paristech.org/4745/01/TheseTourette.pdf.
Full textCalendering consists of running a sheet of paper at high pressure and speed (contact time less than 1 ms) between at least two heated rolls so as to improve the paper surface quality. However, this operation reduces paper thickness. Our study focused on the mechanical behaviour of paper in the nip and on the surface interactions between the paper and the rolls. Different grades of printing and writing paper were studied (coated, un-coated). Two spherical indentation tests on paper samples were developed (falling ball and quasi-static compression) and calendering trials were performed. The contact time in the falling ball test is equivalent to that in calendering. The mechanical interpretation of these tests and trials allows us to obtain stress / strain curves and the evolution of « static » elastic modulus with the permanent deformation. The mechanical variables are influenced by the paper formulation, conditioning and time of solicitation. Using the quasi-static compression test, a model permits to evaluate the nip width in static conditions. The adhesion between the paper surface and the rolls is studied with a rolling friction test and calendering trials. Calendering trials enable to link the improvement of paper surface properties (gloss, smoothness) to the thickness reduction and to specify how the roll surface roughness is transferred onto the paper
Michaud, Franck. "Rhéologie de panneaux composite bois/thermoplastiques sous chargement thermomécanique : aptitude au postformage." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR16010.
Full textThis project deals with a new type of Wood Polymer Composite (WPC) able to be post moulded. Based on wood industry processing we developed different wood/adhesive/thermoplastic fibreboards. This exploratory work leads to an innovative WPC fibreboard dedicated to structural or decorative use. In order to reach sufficient mechanical properties we managed to improve the cohesion properties. In fact, weak interfacial adhesion is a recurrent problem of all Wood/Thermoplastic products. An original coating process of MAPP onto PP fibres gave great interfacial adhesion enhancement and mechanical properties similar to MDF panels. The post thermoforming ability was measured with an original thermoforming test. These investigations, through characterisation and modelling, allowed us to determine the role of different factors and their interactions. Our post mouldable composite WPC fibreboards are porous and made-up of a fibre network which showed a complex rheological behaviour. Morphology, concentration, distribution of each components and surface interactions between them explain this behaviour
Clavier, Germain. "Étude à l'échelle moléculaire des propriétés mécaniques des polymères semi-cristallins." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS373/document.
Full textAs part of a project aiming to predict mechanical properties of semicrystalline polymers using multi-scale models, we did a numerical study at the molecular level during this thesis. Semicrystalline polymers are special in that they contain two phases: one crystalline and one amorphous. This makes their molecular modelling an actual scientific challenge. The interface between the phases is still not directly observable through experiment and in order to build a model of this interface, many assumptions and hypotheses are to be done. Furthermore, the length of the molecules, relaxation times associated with their dynamics and the difference of internal structure between the phases are parameters that have to be taken into consideration because of the typical scales of time and space in molecular simulation. This work is built along two axes: the construction of a molecular model for semicrystalline polymer and a review of the methods that are proposed to compute mechanical properties at the molecular scale. The originality of this work is, on the one hand, the comparative benchmark of the different computation methods, and, on the other hand, the making of a molecular model which takes explicitly in account the interface between amorphous and crystalline phases
Rancourt-Grenier, Sébastien. "Simulation de déformation de globule rouge par des trappes optiques en trois dimensions." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27325/27325.pdf.
Full textOuld, Khaoua Ahmed. "Etude théorique et numérique de problèmes de couches minces en élasticité." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20264.
Full textParenteau, Thomas. "Modélisation micromécanique de composites thermoplastiques élastomères à matrice polypropylène." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00404452.
Full textL'objectif de cette étude est la caractérisation expérimentale et la modélisation du comportement mécanique de composites thermoplastiques élastomères (TPE). Ces matériaux sont composés d'une matrice en homopolymère polypropylène isotactique (PP) et de particules d'élastomère recyclées à base d'éthylène propylène diène monomère (EPDM). La nature complexe du PP nous a incité à développer un modèle micromécanique, en distinguant dans ce polymère une phase amorphe et une phase cristalline. A partir d'un motif représentatif permettant d'estimer les propriétés élastiques du PP en fonction du taux de cristallinité, un modèle micromécanique de type autocohérent généralisé est comparé à un modèle macroscopique plus simple pour décrire son comportement élastoviscoplastique. La loi de comportement des TPE est construite, via une démarche d'homogénéisation, à partir du comportement mécanique des particules d'EPDM et de la loi macroscopique déterminée pour le PP. Les prévisions des modèles sont analysées et comparées aux résultats d'essais de flexion, de traction et d'indentation. Les modèles développés ont été implantés dans le code « éléments finis » Abaqus afin de permettre le calcul de pièces industrielles.
Kowalski, Maxime. "Développement de croisements de raidisseurs composites : technologie, modélisation et optimisation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10155/document.
Full textThe European project MAPICC 3D aims the development of a preform manufacturing process for complex shape composite parts. It permits the "one-shot" manufacture of crossing of stiffeners. Locally optimized to meet the mechanical requirements, used 3D reinforcement structures are continuous in the whole part geometry. A multi-scale characterization of produced samples permits to correlate process parameters to reinforcement morphology and by this way to final composite properties. Linked to these experimental results, a mesoscopic geometrical model has been developed; it permits to generate the representative elementary volumes of crossing of stiffeners reinforcement structures. In order to evaluate and optimize the homogeneous mechanical behavior of these reinforcement structures, a mechanical modeling using finite elements has been developed. Finally, a macroscopic crossings of stiffeners comparison permits to quantify the benefits of an heterogeneous fitted composite solution compared to an isotropic metallic one
Hamrat, Mostefa. "Comportement structurel du béton à hautes performances (flexion et effort tranchant)." Lorient, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LORIS178.
Full textThe structural behaviour of high performance concrete (HPC) remains insufficiently investigated, compared to the abundant literature on the ordinary concrete (OC). In the absence of results and experimental data consequent, the design models developed for the OC have been extrapolated to HPC and therefore needs more calibration. In this context, an experimental study was conceived to study the structural behaviour of 42 reinforced concrete beams with OC and HPC; the tests were made in 4 points bending. The tests on beams in bending showed that the strength capacity of beams in HPC is higher (6 to 20%) than those of beams in OC. In addition, under a given load level (the serviceability limit state), the use of HPC is more efficient than the OC to delay the cracking occurrence and, hence, to strongly reduce the cracks widths. At failure, it was also observed a better behaviour of beams in HPC that were more ductile than beams in OC; the average value of the ductility index for beams in HPC is 1. 37 times those of the beams in OC. The tests on strength capacity of beams without transverse reinforcement showed that increasing the compressive strength (44 MPa to 85 MPa) increases the shear capacity of a beam from 7 to 14. This finding indicates that, unlike the ordinary concrete, the aggregate interlock mechanism is ineffective in the strength capacity of a beam in HPC. The test results also proved that the different theoretical predictions [ACI 318, BS 8110, Eurocode 2 and BAEL] of the contribution of the concrete to the strength capacity do not accurately reflect the increase in shear capacity of beams with shorter shear spans (a/d 1. 5). For a/d 2. 0, the recommendations of the models for the shear capacity given in the four codes are better suited to beams in OC and beams in HPC which exhibit ‘beam action’ behaviour. New Formulae have been proposed in this work to estimate the contribution of concrete to the shear capacity. These formulae give results almost similar to Eurocode-2, especially for the beams in HPC. Regarding the beams with transverse reinforcement, brittle fracture by diagonal cracking occurred in beams containing = 2. 4% (except for the beams with a/d = 3. 0) and this for the two types of concrete. On the other hand, a ductile failure occurs for the slightly reinforced beams ( = 1. 2 %) (except for the beams having a/d = 1. 5) for the two types of concrete (OC and HPC). Moreover, the shear capacity is only slightly improved (20 to 50%); this in contradiction with the orientations of the codes considered in this work which predict a significant improvement varying from 85 to 220%
Nounah, Hassan. "Modélisation et caractérisation des matériaux à gradient de propriétés mécaniques par des méthodes microacoustiques." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20117.
Full textCastonguay, Vincent. "NorSand-aUL : une loi de comportement améliorée pour la modélisation des sables sous sollicitations statiques et cycliques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66586.
Full textThis PhD thesis deals with the numerical modelling of sand behaviour using the NorSandaUL constitutive law. This law, developed as part of this research project, is an evolution ofthe NorSand model specifically adapted to the modelling of sand behaviour under cyclicloading. The review of NorSand's performance under various types of loading (triaxial compression, static and cyclic simple shear, fixed principal stress direction and fixed principal stress ratio) has allowed the identification of certain weak points in the model, making its behaviour modellings under cyclic loading unsatisfactory. In order to address these short comings, two groups of modifications were proposed. First, the anisotropic criticalstate theory was implemented in NorSand, in order to create a dependency on the type and direction of loading. This modification greatly improved the performance of the model for predicting static simple shear behavior. The second proposed modification focused on the formulation of a new mechanics for the generation of plasticity during unloading. The existence of a second yield surface, nested within the original NorSand yield surface, was postulated. The modelling capabilities of a version of NorSand incorporating this new mechanics were confirmed by satisfactory modelling results of drained and undrained triaxialtests which included unloading phases. The two modifications to NorSand proposed over the course this research project were eventually aggregated to lead to the formulation of NorSand-aUL. This new model was used to model cyclic simple shear tests for two sands. These modelling results demonstrated the gains made, particularly for tests conducted on loose sands, compared to the performance previously obtained using the original version of NorSand. Areas for future research were proposed to improve the performance of NorSandaUL, particularly in modelling the behaviour of dense sands under cyclic loading.
Chazallon, Cyrille. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique de géomatériaux cimentés." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0517.
Full textDelalleau, Alexandre. "Analyse du comportement mécanique de la peau in vivo." Saint-Etienne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STET4003.
Full textThe mechanical properties of the skin are of potential interest in the identification of certain diseases, for assessing therapeutic intervention, or for predicting the effect of a trauma. Such an analysis is a key investigation for surgery, for dermatology and for cosmetic studies to draw relationships with the sex or the age of an individual. First of all, this study aims at presenting a new identification method to assess the mechanical properties of human skin. Since skin needs to be studied in vivo, various experimental tests were designed and several models which are usually based on different assumptions have been proposed. The advantage of this method is that it can be used to deal with any kind of mechanical tests. It is thus able to distinguish the best experimental devices and to explain the disparity of the measurements usually shown by literature. This work then focuses on the analysis of the complex mechanical properties of the skin through specific behaviour laws. The nonlinear, viscoelastic and incompressible aspects of the skin are for example tackled. The third purpose of this analyze concerns the reliability of the proposed method. Clinical studies are performed with a large number of measurements. To draw reliable conclusions, the identification of the mechanical properties must succeed in every case. The reliability of the proposed algorithm is ensured through the coupling of different optimization techniques. Finally, the main advantage of this approach, which shows a close concept to the one of design of experiments and response surfaces, consists in using a FEM-free optimization procedure that can be used easily by medical practitioners
Farah, Ahcène. "Contribution à la modélisation mathématique de la biomécanique de la pompe cardiaque : application à l'analyse des déformations pathologiques du ventricule gauche." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10405.
Full textMatadi, Boumbimba Rodrigue. "Élaboration, caractérisation et étude du comportement mécanique des nanocomposites polymères-argiles." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6195.
Full textPolymers clay nanocomposites are a news class of materials composed by an organic phase (polymer) and an inorganic phase (clay). These materials could have unique properties, compared to pure polymers, or conventional composites, and that just for a few amount of clay (between 1 and 5wt %). This performance improvements concerns high thermal stability, high heat distortion, excellent barriers properties against gas and water, high Young’s modulus and yield stress. The enhancement in properties is due to a good dispersion of the organoclay in the polymer matrix and the final nanostructure of the material (intercalated, or exfoliated). This work aims to establish a correlation between the nanostructure and thermo mechanical properties of nanocomposites. To do this, we first prepared poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) based organoclay (C30B, C20A) nanocomposites, using the melt intercalation technique. The second part of our study was to characterize (state of dispersion, morphology and thermo mechanical properties) the two nanocomposites obtained. In the third part of our work, we propose some micromechanical models to describe the yield stress and Young’s modulus, by taking to account of temperature, strain rate, and organoclay concentration effects. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed a good dispersion of both C30B and C20A in the PMMA matrix. The nanocomposite PMMA/C30B presents an exfoliated morphology, and the nanocomposite PMMA/C20A an exfoliated structure at low concentration (1wt %, 2wt %), and an intercalated morphology beyond 2wt%. Regarding the thermo mechanical properties, we observed an increase of both Young’s modulus and yield stress with increasing organoclay concentration for the two nanocomposites. We also note an increase of the glass transition temperature, and an improved thermal stability of nanocomposites compared to that of the pure PMMA. The micromechanical models used, correctly predict the yield stress and Young’s modulus
Sellier, Damien. "Analyse numérique du comportement mécanique d'arbres sous sollicitation aérodynamique turbulente." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12911.
Full textHurez, Anita. "Modélisation du comportement de stratifiés avec prise en compte de l'évolution de l'endommagement à l'aide d'un élément de plaque incluant les effets de cisaillement transversal." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD564.
Full textMrad, Mohamad. "Modélisation du comportement hydromécanique des sols gonflants non saturés." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011442.
Full textL'équipe de Barcelone a développé un code de calcul aux éléments finis (Code_Bright) pour l'analyse des problèmes couplés (THM) dans des géomatériaux, avec l'intégration du modèle élastoplastique (BBM) pour les sols non saturés non gonflants. Ce modèle est capable de décrire correctement le comportement hydromécanique des sols non saturés mais ne tient pas compte de quelques aspects particuliers observés sur des sols gonflants. Un deuxième modèle (BExM) a été alors proposé pour prendre en considération ces aspects.
L'objectif principal du travail présenté ici est : (i) d'implanter le modèle élastoplastique BExM pour les sols gonflants non saturés dans le code de calcul aux éléments finis Code_Bright ; (ii) de valider le modèle numérique à partir d'essais réalisés au laboratoire sur des sols gonflants ; et (iii) d'appliquer ce modèle aux simulations des problèmes pratiques. Pour atteindre cet objectif, une nouvelle famille de procédures numériques adaptées au modèle BExM a été introduite dans le code. L'équation de la fonction de charge de ce modèle pour un état donné de contrainte déviatorique a été déterminée de manière à faciliter les calculs de ses dérivées. La validation numérique du modèle a été vérifiée par des simulations numériques d'essais œdométriques à succion contrôlée, réalisées sur trois sols gonflants différents. Les résultats des simulations numériques de ces essais ont montré les aptitudes du modèle numérique implanté à reproduire correctement les résultats expérimentaux. Enfin, le modèle a été appliqué à deux problèmes pratiques : le stockage de déchets radioactifs dans les couches géologiques profondes et l'effet du retrait-gonflement du sol sur une fondation superficielle. Les résultats obtenus ont montré la capacité du modèle implanté à modéliser des problèmes couplés hydromécaniques.
Vandenbroucke, Aude. "Étude du comportement mécanique pour différentes températures d'un élastomère : caractérisations expérimentale et numérique." Lorient, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00836556.
Full textThe objective of this study is to develop a model to reproduce the elastomer mechanical behaviour function of the temperature. For this study, preliminary experimental work is performed to highlight the different mechanical phenomena to present the material with changing temperature. The studied material is a fluoro-carbon synthetic elastomer (FKM), Viton. This elastomer has excellent performance at high temperatures and chemical attacks. Its properties are used for various applications such as sealing, damping, isolation, etc. The mechanical characterization of materials is performed using conventional tension, compression and relaxation tests on a range of temperatures from -40°C to 100°C. The cyclic loading tests reveal a significant presence of hyperelasticity for elastomers. The relaxation tests enable us to describe the viscosity of the material. In addition, loading tests interrupted by relaxations have also been carried out for different strain rates with relaxation times of 900s. They show equilibrium hysteresis demonstrating the presence of hysteresis for our material. In this study, we have chosen to consider only the temperature range from -8°C to 100°C to reproduce correctly the material behaviour. The model is a phenomenological constitutive model based on an additive decomposition of powers. The model consists of three stress contributions: hyperelasticity, viscosity and hysteresis. This model will be named Hyperelasto-visco-hysteresis (HVH) where the contribution is taken into account hyperelastic using phenomenological potential of Hart-Smith. The viscosity is described using the generalized Maxwell model and the hysteretic contribution is taken into account using an original model. In this study we consider only the first loading cycle of our material. A method of identification has been established to better take into account the different contributions of the model. The identification of material parameters for isotherms are performed in the range of temperature studied. Validation of the model will be initially tested at room temperature on a loading case of industrial gasket relaxation. To validate the model as a function of temperature we simulate different cases of loading isotherm. Then, the simulation of a relaxation test in compression undergoing temperature cycles is performed to compare the model to calculate temperature dependent
Bouchart, Vanessa. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation micromécanique du comportement et de l'endommagement des élastomères renforcés." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Bouchart.pdf.
Full textWrotecki, Christian. "Relations entre la morphologie de la phase dispersée et les propriétés mécaniques dans les polystyrènes chocs." Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPD065.
Full textHe, Ji. "Modèle numérique équivalent pour les propriétés hydro-mécaniques des roches fracturées." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10038/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns the use of the "Numerical Test System" for the determination of the equivalent hydraulic and mechanical properties of fractured rock masses. The thesis is composed of 7 chapters. The first chapter describes the objective of the thesis and briefly presents the previous studies conducted on fractured rock masses, with a particular focus on the Composite Element Method as weil as the estimation of the equivalent hydraulic and mechanical properties of fractured rocks. The second chapter presents the tools used in the thesis development, namely the finite element method, the composite element method, the coupling theory, the artificial neural network and the Monte Carlo Method. The third chapter presents the concept of the "Numerical Test System (NTS)" for determination of the equivalent hydraulic properties offractured rock. This method requires field data on dominating fractures. Chapters 4 and 5 present the determination of the equivalent hydraulic and mechanical properties and the relevant REYs neglecting the seepage/stress coupling. The 6th chapter presents the determination of the equivalent hydraulic properties considering seepage/stress coupling. This Chapter also establishes a stress/permeability database for describing the relationship between stresses and the equivalent hydraulic property. The last chapter describes a procedure based on a combination of the implicit and explicit approaches for the analysis of a grravity dam. The eqivalent properties of the implicit method are determined using the NTS